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Whitfield-Cargile CM, Chung HC, Coleman MC, Cohen ND, Chamoun-Emanuelli AM, Ivanov I, Goldsby JS, Davidson LA, Gaynanova I, Ni Y, Chapkin RS. Integrated analysis of gut metabolome, microbiome, and exfoliome data in an equine model of intestinal injury. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:74. [PMID: 38622632 PMCID: PMC11017594 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The equine gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome has been described in the context of various diseases. The observed changes, however, have not been linked to host function and therefore it remains unclear how specific changes in the microbiome alter cellular and molecular pathways within the GI tract. Further, non-invasive techniques to examine the host gene expression profile of the GI mucosa have been described in horses but not evaluated in response to interventions. Therefore, the objectives of our study were to (1) profile gene expression and metabolomic changes in an equine model of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced intestinal inflammation and (2) apply computational data integration methods to examine host-microbiota interactions. METHODS Twenty horses were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups (n = 10): control (placebo paste) or NSAID (phenylbutazone 4.4 mg/kg orally once daily for 9 days). Fecal samples were collected on days 0 and 10 and analyzed with respect to microbiota (16S rDNA gene sequencing), metabolomic (untargeted metabolites), and host exfoliated cell transcriptomic (exfoliome) changes. Data were analyzed and integrated using a variety of computational techniques, and underlying regulatory mechanisms were inferred from features that were commonly identified by all computational approaches. RESULTS Phenylbutazone induced alterations in the microbiota, metabolome, and host transcriptome. Data integration identified correlation of specific bacterial genera with expression of several genes and metabolites that were linked to oxidative stress. Concomitant microbiota and metabolite changes resulted in the initiation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response within the intestinal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS Results of integrative analysis identified an important role for oxidative stress, and subsequent cell signaling responses, in a large animal model of GI inflammation. The computational approaches for combining non-invasive platforms for unbiased assessment of host GI responses (e.g., exfoliomics) with metabolomic and microbiota changes have broad application for the field of gastroenterology. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Whitfield-Cargile
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - H C Chung
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts & Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Mathematics & Statistics Department, College of Science, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - M C Coleman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - N D Cohen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - A M Chamoun-Emanuelli
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - I Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J S Goldsby
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - L A Davidson
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - I Gaynanova
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts & Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Y Ni
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts & Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - R S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Nagy K, Fébel H, Bazar G, Grosz G, Gáspár R, Ferenc Szűcs K, Tóth T. Non-invasive smooth muscle electromyography (SMEMG) as a novel monitoring technology of the gastrointestinal tract of awake, free-moving pigs-A pilot study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257311. [PMID: 34516588 PMCID: PMC8437306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several mathematical models and measurements to determine the efficiency of the digestibility of different feedstuffs. However, there is lack of information regarding the direct methods or measurement techniques used to analyse the physical response of the different parts of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of growing pigs to different diets. Smooth muscle electromyography (SMEMG) is a non-invasive method for the measurement of gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity. In the present study, SMEMG methodology has been adapted from laboratory rats to pigs, and the effects of feedstuffs with control (CTR) or experimentally increased (EXP) amounts of fibre were investigated on gastrointestinal tract motility. Nine barrow pigs ((Danish Landrace × Danish Yorkshire) × Danish Duroc) were used (30 ± 3 kg), and their CTR and EXP feedstuffs contained 29 and 49 g/kg crude fibre (CF), respectively. Myoelectric activities of the stomach, ileum and caecum were detected in the awake pigs by a pair of electrodes. The recorded myoelectric signals were analysed with fast Fourier transformation (FFT), and the spectra were expressed in GIT section-specific cycles per minutes (cpm) values and the maximum power spectrum density (PsDmax). A significant increase (P < 0.001) was observed in the value of the PsDmax of the small intestine (20–25 cpm) as a consequence of the EXP diet. The PsDmax values of the stomach (3–5 cpm) and large intestine (1–3 cpm) did not show any significant change in pigs fed the EXP diet. As a direct and non-invasive method, SMEMG is suitable for the rapid evaluation of the effects of diets with different fibre contents on the GIT of non-anaesthetised, free-moving pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Nagy
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Hedvig Fébel
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Herceghalom, Hungary
| | - George Bazar
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
- ADEXGO Kft., Balatonfüred, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Róbert Gáspár
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Ferenc Szűcs
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tóth
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kaposvár, Hungary
- ADEXGO Kft., Balatonfüred, Hungary
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Bures J, Tacheci I, Kvetina J, Radochova V, Prchal L, Kohoutova D, Valis M, Novak M, Dolezal R, Kopacova M, Rejchrt S, Sestak V, Knoblochova V, Peterova E, Zdarova Karasova J. The Impact of Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Gastrointestinal Injury on the Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Donepezil and Its Active Metabolite 6- O-desmethyldonepezil, and Gastric Myoelectric Activity in Experimental Pigs. Molecules 2021; 26:2160. [PMID: 33918638 PMCID: PMC8070437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal side effects of donepezil, including dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea, occur in 20-30% of patients. The pathogenesis of these dysmotility associated disorders has not been fully clarified yet. Pharmacokinetic parameters of donepezil and its active metabolite 6-O-desmethyldonepezil were investigated in experimental pigs with and without small intestinal injury induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Morphological features of this injury were evaluated by a video capsule endoscopy. The effect of a single and repeated doses of donepezil on gastric myoelectric activity was assessed. Both DSS-induced small intestinal injury and prolonged small intestinal transit time caused higher plasma concentrations of donepezil in experimental pigs. This has an important implication for clinical practice in humans, with a need to reduce doses of the drug if an underlying gastrointestinal disease is present. Donepezil had an undesirable impact on porcine myoelectric activity. This effect was further aggravated by DSS-induced small intestinal injury. These findings can explain donepezil-associated dyspepsia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bures
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove and University Hospital, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (I.T.); (J.K.); (D.K.); (M.K.); (S.R.); (V.K.); (E.P.)
| | - Ilja Tacheci
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove and University Hospital, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (I.T.); (J.K.); (D.K.); (M.K.); (S.R.); (V.K.); (E.P.)
| | - Jaroslav Kvetina
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove and University Hospital, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (I.T.); (J.K.); (D.K.); (M.K.); (S.R.); (V.K.); (E.P.)
| | - Vera Radochova
- Animal Laboratory, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Lukas Prchal
- Centre of Biomedical Research, University Hospital, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (L.P.); (M.N.); (R.D.); (J.Z.K.)
| | - Darina Kohoutova
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove and University Hospital, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (I.T.); (J.K.); (D.K.); (M.K.); (S.R.); (V.K.); (E.P.)
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Martin Valis
- Department of Neurology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove and University Hospital, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Martin Novak
- Centre of Biomedical Research, University Hospital, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (L.P.); (M.N.); (R.D.); (J.Z.K.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rafael Dolezal
- Centre of Biomedical Research, University Hospital, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (L.P.); (M.N.); (R.D.); (J.Z.K.)
| | - Marcela Kopacova
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove and University Hospital, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (I.T.); (J.K.); (D.K.); (M.K.); (S.R.); (V.K.); (E.P.)
| | - Stanislav Rejchrt
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove and University Hospital, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (I.T.); (J.K.); (D.K.); (M.K.); (S.R.); (V.K.); (E.P.)
| | - Vit Sestak
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Veronika Knoblochova
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove and University Hospital, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (I.T.); (J.K.); (D.K.); (M.K.); (S.R.); (V.K.); (E.P.)
| | - Eva Peterova
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove and University Hospital, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (I.T.); (J.K.); (D.K.); (M.K.); (S.R.); (V.K.); (E.P.)
| | - Jana Zdarova Karasova
- Centre of Biomedical Research, University Hospital, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (L.P.); (M.N.); (R.D.); (J.Z.K.)
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Wang X, Tang Q, Hou H, Zhang W, Li M, Chen D, Gu Y, Wang B, Hou J, Liu Y, Cao H. Gut Microbiota in NSAID Enteropathy: New Insights From Inside. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:679396. [PMID: 34295835 PMCID: PMC8290187 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.679396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As a class of the commonly used drugs in clinical practice, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause a series of adverse events including gastrointestinal injuries. Besides upper gastrointestinal injuries, NSAID enteropathy also attracts attention with the introduction of capsule endoscopy and double balloon enteroscopy. However, the pathogenesis of NSAID enteropathy remains to be entirely clarified. Growing evidence from basic and clinical studies presents that gut microbiota is a critical factor in NSAID enteropathy progress. We have reviewed the recent data about the interplay between gut microbiota dysbiosis and NSAID enteropathy. The chronic medication of NSAIDs could change the composition of the intestinal bacteria and aggravate bile acids cytotoxicity. Meanwhile, NSAIDs impair the intestinal barrier by inhibiting cyclooxygenase and destroying mitochondria. Subsequently, intestinal bacteria translocate into the mucosa, and then lipopolysaccharide released from gut microbiota combines to Toll-like receptor 4 and induce excessive production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Intestinal injuries present in the condition of intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress. In this paper, we also have reviewed the possible strategies of regulating gut microbiota for the management of NSAID enteropathy, including antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, mucosal protective agents, and fecal microbiota transplant, and we emphasized the adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors on NSAID enteropathy. Therefore, this review will provide new insights into a better understanding of gut microbiota in NSAID enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiqin Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanru Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengfan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Danfeng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingli Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Hailong Cao, ; Jingli Hou, ; Yangping Liu,
| | - Yangping Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Hailong Cao, ; Jingli Hou, ; Yangping Liu,
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Hailong Cao, ; Jingli Hou, ; Yangping Liu,
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Bouzenna H, Samout N, Dhibi S, Mbarki S, Akermi S, Khdhiri A, Elfeki A, Hfaiedh N. Protective effect of essential oil from Citrus limon against aspirin-induced toxicity in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 38:499-509. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327118819044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study is planned to examine the antioxidant activity (AA) and the protective effect of the essential oil of Citrus limon (EOC) against aspirin-induced histopathological changes in the brain, lung, and intestine of female rats. For this purpose, 28 albino rats were classified to control group (group C), aspirin group (group A), EOC group (group EOC), and pretreatment with EOC and treated with aspirin group (group EOC + A). The antioxidant activities of EOC were evaluated by three different assays including reducing power, β-carotene, and scavenging of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Our results found that EOC represents, respectively (0.064 ± 0.013 and 0.027 ± 00 mg Quer E/100 µL), of flavonoid and flavonol. Then, it exhibited a potential activity of reducing power (at 300 mg/mL, which was found to be 0.82 ± 0.07), β-carotene-linoleic acid (AA% = 69.28 ± 3.5%), and scavenging of H2O2 (IC50 = 0.23 ± 0.008 mg/mL). In vivo, aspirin given to rats at the dose of 600 mg/kg body weight induced histomorphological damage in brain, lung, and intestine. However, our data found that the pretreatment with EOC offered a significant protection against the injury induced by aspirin. It can be concluded that the protective effect of EOC can be due to its antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bouzenna
- Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Sidi Ahmed Zarrouk, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiopathology, Valorization of Bioactive Molecules and Mathematical Modeling, Faculty of Sciences Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - N Samout
- Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Sidi Ahmed Zarrouk, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiopathology, Valorization of Bioactive Molecules and Mathematical Modeling, Faculty of Sciences Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - S Dhibi
- Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Sidi Ahmed Zarrouk, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiopathology, Valorization of Bioactive Molecules and Mathematical Modeling, Faculty of Sciences Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - S Mbarki
- Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Sidi Ahmed Zarrouk, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiopathology, Valorization of Bioactive Molecules and Mathematical Modeling, Faculty of Sciences Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - S Akermi
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiopathology, Valorization of Bioactive Molecules and Mathematical Modeling, Faculty of Sciences Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - A Khdhiri
- Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Sidi Ahmed Zarrouk, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiopathology, Valorization of Bioactive Molecules and Mathematical Modeling, Faculty of Sciences Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - A Elfeki
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiopathology, Valorization of Bioactive Molecules and Mathematical Modeling, Faculty of Sciences Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - N Hfaiedh
- Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Sidi Ahmed Zarrouk, Gafsa, Tunisia
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Yanaka A. Role of Sulforaphane in Protection of Gastrointestinal Tract Against H. pylori and NSAID-Induced Oxidative Stress. Curr Pharm Des 2017; 23:4066-4075. [PMID: 28176666 PMCID: PMC5759180 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170207103943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulforaphane (SFN), a phytochemical found in abundance in broccoli sprouts, potently induces a variety of antioxidant enzymes, and thereby protects cells from injury induced by various kinds of oxidative stresses. It has been suggested that both H. pylori infection and intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induce chronic oxidative stress in gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa, thereby causing mucosal injury in the GI tract. Therefore, it would be a reasonable assumption that SFN protects GI mucosa against oxidative injury induced by H. pylori or NSAIDs. METHODS We examined the effects of SFN on H. pylori viability in vitro, levels of gastritis in H.pylori-infected mice in vivo, and in H.pylori-infected human subjects. We also examined the effects of SFN on NSAID-induced small intestinal injury in mice. RESULTS Our data from the H. pylori infection study clearly demonstrated that SFN inhibited H. pylori viability both in vitro and in vivo, and mitigated H. pylori-induced gastritis in mice and humans. Similarly, our study on NSAID-induced small intestinal injury showed that SFN not only mitigated aspirin-induced injury of small intestinal epithelial cells in vitro, but also ameliorated indomethacin-induced small intestinal injury in mice in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These data strongly suggest that SFN contributes to the protection of GI mucosa against oxidative injury induced by H. pylori or NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Yanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hitachi Medical Education and Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 2-1-1, Jonan-cho, Hitachi-shi, Ibaraki-ken, 317-0077, Japan
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The effect of macrogol administration on the quality of macroscopic images and transit time in canine capsule endoscopy. Pol J Vet Sci 2014; 17:673-9. [DOI: 10.2478/pjvs-2014-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The present experiment evaluated the quality of macroscopic images and the mean time of capsule passage through different sections of the gastrointestinal tract in dogs subjected to different preparation protocols before capsule endoscopy. In the first examination, the colonoscopy preparation protocol was applied, and in the second examination, the animals were administered macrogol. The study revealed that macrogol administration before capsule endoscopy significantly improved the quality of macroscopic images. The colonoscopy preparation protocol may not support accurate visualization of the large bowel mucosa and, in selected patients, also the small bowel mucosa. Macrogol administration had no effect on capsule transit time through the alimentary canal. Capsules used in endoscopic evaluations of the small bowel in humans may have limited applications in macroscopic examinations of large bowel mucosa in dogs.
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Maeda M, Hiraishi H. Efficacy of video capsule endoscopy with flexible spectral imaging color enhancement at setting 3 for differential diagnosis of red spots in the small bowel. Dig Endosc 2014; 26:228-31. [PMID: 23730949 DOI: 10.1111/den.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red spots on the small bowel mucosa are observed in patients with angioectasia and enteritis. The present study investigated the effectiveness of capsule endoscopy (CE)-flexible spectral imaging color enhancement (FICE) as a method for differential diagnosis of the two conditions. PATIENTS AND METHODS The subjects were 30 patients who underwent CE and double-balloon endoscopy at Dokkyo Medical University Hospital between February 2007 and January 2013. Of these 30 patients, those diagnosed with angioectasia were assigned to Group A (n = 13) and those diagnosed with enteritis were assigned to Group E (n = 17). RESULTS Using FICE at setting 3 and comparing the color intensity of the red spots on a four-step scale (0-3), no statistically significant (P = 0.712) difference was found between the twogroups (Group A: 2.69 ± 0.48, Group E: 2.76 ± 0.56). Subjects were considered to show a positive blue sign when areas of blue were observed against the yellow-green background and surrounding the red spots. A comparison of the ratio of positive blue sign for both groups (Group A: 15.4% ± 37.6%, Group E: 94.1% ± 24.2%) showed a statistically significant increase in the ratio in Group E (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest that blue sign may be effective in the differential diagnosis of angioectasia and enteritis in patients with red spots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunori Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan
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Karargyris A, Koulaouzidis A. Capsule-odometer: A concept to improve accurate lesion localisation. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:5943-5946. [PMID: 24124345 PMCID: PMC3793153 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i35.5943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to improve lesion localisation in small-bowel capsule endoscopy, a modified capsule design has been proposed incorporating localisation and - in theory - stabilization capabilities. The proposed design consists of a capsule fitted with protruding wheels attached to a spring-mechanism. This would act as a miniature odometer, leading to more accurate lesion localization information in relation to the onset of the investigation (spring expansion e.g., pyloric opening). Furthermore, this capsule could allow stabilization of the recorded video as any erratic, non-forward movement through the gut is minimised. Three-dimensional (3-D) printing technology was used to build a capsule prototype. Thereafter, miniature wheels were also 3-D printed and mounted on a spring which was attached to conventional capsule endoscopes for the purpose of this proof-of-concept experiment. In vitro and ex vivo experiments with porcine small-bowel are presented herein. Further experiments have been scheduled.
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Atlas DS, Rubio-Tapia A, Van Dyke CT, Lahr BD, Murray JA. Capsule endoscopy in nonresponsive celiac disease. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 74:1315-22. [PMID: 21835400 PMCID: PMC3499038 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2011.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonresponsive celiac disease (CD) is defined by persistent or recurrent symptoms, common after treatment with a gluten-free diet (GFD). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the utility of capsule endoscopy (CE) in nonresponsive CD. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Tertiary-care center. PATIENTS Forty-two consecutive patients with nonresponsive CD and 84 age- and sex-matched CD-free controls who underwent CE were included. In addition, capsules taken after treatment with a GFD were retrospectively evaluated in 30 patients with uncomplicated CD. INTERVENTION CE. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Diagnostic accuracy of CE for the detection of mucosal abnormalities in nonresponsive CD. RESULTS Macroscopic features of villous atrophy were detected in 13 of 42 patients (31%) with nonresponsive CD compared with none among 84 CD-free controls and 14 of 30 patients (47%) with uncomplicated CD. Among nonresponsive CD cases, the overall sensitivity and specificity of CE for the detection of any degree of villous atrophy as graded by histology were 56% and 85%, respectively. Single or multiple erosions/ulcerations of the gut were observed in 19% of nonresponsive CD patients, 18% of CD-free controls, and 31% of patients with uncomplicated CD (P = .35). The presence of erosions/ulcerations was associated with increased aspirin/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in nonresponsive CD (P =.05). Two severe complications (ulcerative jejunitis and adenocarcinoma) were detected by CE in nonresponsive CD. LIMITATIONS Single-center, retrospective study. CONCLUSIONS Mucosal abnormalities were observed by CE in patients with both nonresponsive CD and uncomplicated CD. CE can detect severe complications in patients with nonresponsive CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Atlas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Preclinical electrogastrography in experimental pigs. Interdiscip Toxicol 2011; 3:53-8. [PMID: 21217873 PMCID: PMC2984130 DOI: 10.2478/v10102-010-0011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface electrogastrography (EGG) is a non-invasive means of recording gastric myoelectric activity or slow waves from cutaneous leads placed over the stomach. This paper provides a comprehensive review of preclinical EGG. Our group recently set up and worked out the methods for EGG in experimental pigs. We gained our initial experience in the use of EGG in assessment of porcine gastric myoelectric activity after volume challenge and after intragastric administration of itopride and erythromycin. The mean dominant frequency in pigs is comparable with that found in humans. EGG in experimental pigs is feasible. Experimental EGG is an important basis for further preclinical projects in pharmacology and toxicology.
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Bures J, Smajs D, Kvetina J, Förstl M, Smarda J, Kohoutova D, Kunes M, Cyrany J, Tacheci I, Rejchrt S, Lesna J, Vorisek V, Kopacova M. Bacteriocinogeny in experimental pigs treated with indomethacin and Escherichia coli Nissle. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:609-17. [PMID: 21350709 PMCID: PMC3040332 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i5.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 09/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate bacteriocinogeny in short-term high-dose indomethacin administration with or without probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) in experimental pigs.
METHODS: Twenty-four pigs entered the study: Group A (controls), Group B (probiotics alone), Group C (indomethacin alone) and Group D (probiotics and indomethacin). EcN (3.5 × 1010 bacteria/d for 14 d) and/or indomethacin (15 mg/kg per day for 10 d) were administrated orally. Anal smears before and smears from the small and large intestine were taken from all animals. Bacteriocin production was determined with 6 different indicator strains; all strains were polymerase chain reaction tested for the presence of 29 individual bacteriocin-encoding determinants.
RESULTS: The general microbiota profile was rather uniform in all animals but there was a broad diversity in coliform bacteria (parallel genotypes A, B1, B2 and D found). In total, 637 bacterial strains were tested, mostly Escherichia coli (E. coli). There was a higher incidence of non-E. coli strains among samples taken from the jejunum and ileum compared to that of the colon and rectum indicating predominance of E. coli strains in the large intestine. Bacteriocinogeny was found in 24/77 (31%) before and in 155/560 (28%) isolated bacteria at the end of the study. Altogether, 13 individual bacteriocin types (out of 29 tested) were identified among investigated strains. Incidence of four E. coli genotypes was equally distributed in all groups of E. coli strains, with majority of genotype A (ranging from 81% to 88%). The following types of bacteriocins were most commonly revealed: colicins Ia/Ib (44%), microcin V (18%), colicin E1 (16%) and microcin H47 (6%). There was a difference in bacteriocinogeny between control group A (52/149, 35%) and groups with treatment at the end of the study: B: 31/122 (25%, P = 0.120); C: 43/155 (28%, P = 0.222); D: 29/134 (22%, P = 0.020). There was a significantly lower prevalence of colicin Ib, microcins H47 and V (probiotics group, P < 0.001), colicin E1 and microcin H47 (indomethacin group, P < 0.001) and microcins H47 and V (probiotics and indomethacin group, P = 0.025) compared to controls. Escherichia fergusonii (E. fergusonii) was identified in 6 animals (6/11 isolates from the rectum). One strain was non-colicinogenic, while all other strains of E. fergusonii solely produced colicin E1. All animals started and remained methanogenic despite the fact that EcN is a substantial hydrogen producer. There was an increase in breath methane (after the treatment) in 5/6 pigs from the indomethacin group (C).
CONCLUSION: EcN did not exert long-term liveability in the porcine intestine. All experimental pigs remained methanogenic. Indomethacin and EcN administered together might produce the worst impact on bacteriocinogeny.
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