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Jin Z, Zhou Q, Cheng JN, Jia Q, Zhu B. Heterogeneity of the tumor immune microenvironment and clinical interventions. Front Med 2023; 17:617-648. [PMID: 37728825 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is broadly composed of various immune cells, and its heterogeneity is characterized by both immune cells and stromal cells. During the course of tumor formation and progression and anti-tumor treatment, the composition of the TIME becomes heterogeneous. Such immunological heterogeneity is not only present between populations but also exists on temporal and spatial scales. Owing to the existence of TIME, clinical outcomes can differ when a similar treatment strategy is provided to patients. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of TIME heterogeneity is essential for developing precise and effective therapies. Facilitated by advanced technologies, it is possible to understand the complexity and diversity of the TIME and its influence on therapy responses. In this review, we discuss the potential reasons for TIME heterogeneity and the current approaches used to explore it. We also summarize clinical intervention strategies based on associated mechanisms or targets to control immunological heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jin
- Department of Oncology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, Chongqing, 400037, China
- Research Institute, GloriousMed Clinical Laboratory (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 201318, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, Chongqing, 400037, China
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Jia-Nan Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Qingzhu Jia
- Department of Oncology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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Mathematical modelling identifies conditions for maintaining and escaping feedback control in the intestinal epithelium. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5569. [PMID: 35368028 PMCID: PMC8976856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe intestinal epithelium is one of the fastest renewing tissues in mammals. It shows a hierarchical organisation, where intestinal stem cells at the base of crypts give rise to rapidly dividing transit amplifying cells that in turn renew the pool of short-lived differentiated cells. Upon injury and stem-cell loss, cells can also de-differentiate. Tissue homeostasis requires a tightly regulated balance of differentiation and stem cell proliferation, and failure can lead to tissue extinction or to unbounded growth and cancerous lesions. Here, we present a two-compartment mathematical model of intestinal epithelium population dynamics that includes a known feedback inhibition of stem cell differentiation by differentiated cells. The model shows that feedback regulation stabilises the number of differentiated cells as these become invariant to changes in their apoptosis rate. Stability of the system is largely independent of feedback strength and shape, but specific thresholds exist which if bypassed cause unbounded growth. When dedifferentiation is added to the model, we find that the system can recover faster after certain external perturbations. However, dedifferentiation makes the system more prone to losing homeostasis. Taken together, our mathematical model shows how a feedback-controlled hierarchical tissue can maintain homeostasis and can be robust to many external perturbations.
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Zhu Y, Zhang Q, Wei C, Hu Y, Gong H, Liu Y, Lai H, Feng Y, Lin Y. High-Precision Quantitative Analysis Reveals Carcinoembryonic Protein Expression Differs Among Colorectal Cancer Primary Foci and Metastases to Different Sites. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211037175. [PMID: 34342245 PMCID: PMC8351024 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211037175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of carcinoembryonic protein (CEA) is an important biological marker and therapeutic target in colorectal cancer (CRC). CEA expression heterogeneity confers resistance to CEA-targeting immunotherapy antibodies. Thus, quantification of the CEA-positive cell ratio among all tumor cells would be important in identifying patients that would benefit from CEA-targeted therapies. However, the proportion of tumor cells that express CEA within primary and metastasized tumors at different sites has not been studied. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine CEA positive cell proportion in paired CRC primary foci, liver metastases, and lymph node (LN) metastases, and whether proportion of CEA positive cell differs among colorectal cancer primary foci, liver metastases, and LN metastases from 26 patients. The CEA expression was detected by immunohistochemical assay. Then we set up a quantification approach to quantify the proportion of CEA-positive cells based on the TissueGnostics (TG) system. Then the proportion of CEA positive cells were measured and compared among primary foci, liver metastases, and LN metastases. As a result, the proportion of CEA positive tumor cells was slightly higher in liver metastases than in primary foci (89.8% ± 2.71% vs 82.1% ± 5.05%, P < 0.001). The proportion of CEA-positive cells was significantly lower in LN metastases than in primary foci (82.3% ± 4.32% vs 70.28% ± 5.04%, P < 0.001). In 8 cases with matched CRC primary foci, liver metastases, and LN metastases, the proportions of CEA proportion in liver metastasis was the highest, followed by primary foci and LNs metastasis. In conclusion, this study provided an new approach for quantification of CEA positive cell in tumors and proved the percentage of CEA-positive cells varied in different metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Zhu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Colorectal Clinical Research Center, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Colorectal Clinical Research Center, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengjiang Wei
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Colorectal Clinical Research Center, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Hu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Colorectal Clinical Research Center, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Gong
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Colorectal Clinical Research Center, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Colorectal Clinical Research Center, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Lai
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Colorectal Clinical Research Center, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Feng
- Research Department, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Colorectal Clinical Research Center, Nanning, People's Republic of China
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Sasaki N, Clevers H. Studying cellular heterogeneity and drug sensitivity in colorectal cancer using organoid technology. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2018; 52:117-122. [PMID: 30261425 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intra-tumor heterogeneity (genotypic and functional diversity among cancer cells within the same tumor) represents one of the key challenges in cancer medicine. As heterogeneity of cancer cells constitutes an important parameter in the development of therapy resistance, an accurate assessment of intra-tumor heterogeneity is essential for the prediction of drug resistance and development of effective treatment. In this review, we evaluate primary patient derived-tumor organoid technology as a new tool for colorectal cancer research and treatment. Furthermore, we discuss organoid use to understand intra-tumor heterogeneity, both in terms of mutational diversification and of diversification in drug sensitivity. Finally, we address the exciting recent results that show that tumor organoid technology is highly predictive for drug response in metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Sasaki
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Oncode Institute, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Upsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Oncode Institute, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Upsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Nelson AC, Boone J, Cartwright D, Thyagarajan B, Kincaid R, Lambert AP, Karnuth K, Henzler C, Yohe S. Optimal detection of clinically relevant mutations in colorectal carcinoma: sample pooling overcomes intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Mod Pathol 2018; 31:343-349. [PMID: 29027537 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intra-tumoral genomic heterogeneity is a well-established biologic property of human malignancies with emerging roles in cancer progression and therapy resistance. However, its impact on the clinical utility of genomic testing in patient management remains unclear. Furthermore, best practices to account for heterogeneity in the provision of highly accurate, clinically valid molecular testing have yet to be firmly established. Genomic biomarkers for the management of colorectal carcinoma are both well-established (ie, KRAS, NRAS) and emerging (BRAF, PIK3CA, and others) in respect to therapy selection and clinical trial eligibility. Critically, standard colorectal carcinoma management requires the exclusion of KRAS and NRAS mutations; thus optimal procedures to control for potential intra-tumoral heterogeneity are clinically important. Here, we assessed heterogeneity among three intra-tumoral sites within 99 colorectal carcinomas cases on a CLIA-validated oncology next generation sequencing assay and examined whether a pooling strategy overcame any discordant results. Overall, 11% of cases demonstrated discordant mutation results between sites; 2% of cases were discrepant for mutations within RAS genes while the remainder was discrepant in PIK3CA. Half of the discrepant cases were associated with borderline tumor cellularity assessment. Further, a sample pooling strategy across all three sites successfully detected the relevant mutation in all but one case. Our results indicate that intra-tumoral genomic heterogeneity of clinically relevant genes within colorectal carcinoma is a relatively infrequent occurrence and that a simple strategy to pool DNA from several tumor sites with adequate cellularity minimizes the risk of false negative results even further to ensure optimal patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Nelson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jamie Boone
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David Cartwright
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Robyn Kincaid
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, M Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Aaron P Lambert
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, M Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kylene Karnuth
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, M Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christine Henzler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sophia Yohe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Galli S, Zlobec I, Schürch C, Perren A, Ochsenbein AF, Banz Y. CD47 protein expression in acute myeloid leukemia: A tissue microarray-based analysis. Leuk Res 2015; 39:749-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Blackburn JS, Langenau DM. Zebrafish as a model to assess cancer heterogeneity, progression and relapse. Dis Model Mech 2015; 7:755-62. [PMID: 24973745 PMCID: PMC4073265 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.015842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal evolution is the process by which genetic and epigenetic diversity is created within malignant tumor cells. This process culminates in a heterogeneous tumor, consisting of multiple subpopulations of cancer cells that often do not contain the same underlying mutations. Continuous selective pressure permits outgrowth of clones that harbor lesions that are capable of enhancing disease progression, including those that contribute to therapy resistance, metastasis and relapse. Clonal evolution and the resulting intratumoral heterogeneity pose a substantial challenge to biomarker identification, personalized cancer therapies and the discovery of underlying driver mutations in cancer. The purpose of this Review is to highlight the unique strengths of zebrafish cancer models in assessing the roles that intratumoral heterogeneity and clonal evolution play in cancer, including transgenesis, imaging technologies, high-throughput cell transplantation approaches and in vivo single-cell functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Blackburn
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Regenerative Medicine and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David M Langenau
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Regenerative Medicine and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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de Biase D, Cesari V, Visani M, Casadei GP, Cremonini N, Gandolfi G, Sancisi V, Ragazzi M, Pession A, Ciarrocchi A, Tallini G. High-sensitivity BRAF mutation analysis: BRAF V600E is acquired early during tumor development but is heterogeneously distributed in a subset of papillary thyroid carcinomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E1530-8. [PMID: 24780046 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-4389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The homogeneous distribution of BRAF V600E in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has been called into question by recent reports. These studies claim that BRAF V600E is heterogeneous and is limited to tumor cell subsets in the majority of PTCs. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to understand the allele distribution of BRAF V600E by evaluating the percentage of mutated neoplastic cells in a group of PTCs using two different highly sensitive analytical approaches: allele-specific locked nucleic acid PCR and 454 next-generation sequencing targeted to BRAF exon 15. STUDY DESIGN BRAF V600E was investigated using allele-specific locked nucleic acid PCR on 155 consecutive samples of PTC. Mutated cases were reanalyzed by 454 next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry. Because the evaluation of genetic heterogeneity in tumor samples can be profoundly biased by contamination with normal cells, all mutation frequency data were normalized to the real amount of neoplastic cells within each tumor. RESULTS Eighty-five of 155 PTCs (54.8%) were BRAF V600E mutated. The distribution of mutated neoplastic cells within the tumor was as follows: greater than 80% in 37 of 85 (43.5%), 30-80% in 39 of 85 (45.9%), and less than 30% in 9 of 85 (10.6%). In most of the PTCs with less than 80% BRAF V600E-positive neoplastic cells, the mutation was present in large neoplastic cell subpopulations. Tumors with less than 30% mutated neoplastic cells were smaller than tumors with a percentage of mutated cells greater than 80% or between 30% and 80% (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS BRAF V600E is heterogeneously distributed in some PTCs. The large BRAF V600E neoplastic cell subpopulations found in mutated cases is consistent with the view that the BRAF V600E is acquired early during PTC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario de Biase
- Department of Medicine (D.d.B., V.C., G.T.), Anatomic Pathology Unit, Ospedale Bellaria, University of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; Department of Pharmacology and Biotechnology (V.C., M.V., A.P.), University of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy; Anatomic Pathology Unit (G.P.C.) and Endocrinology Unit (N.C.), Ospedale Maggiore, 40133 Bologna, Italy; and Molecular Biology Laboratory (G.G., V.S., A.C.) and Anatomic Pathology Unit (M.R.), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Dono M, Massucco C, Chiara S, Sonaglio C, Mora M, Truini A, Cerruti G, Zoppoli G, Ballestrero A, Truini M, Ferrarini M, Zupo S. Low percentage of KRAS mutations revealed by locked nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction: implications for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Mol Med 2013; 18:1519-26. [PMID: 23255073 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2012.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is frequently characterized by the presence of mutations of the KRAS oncogene, which are generally associated with a poor response to treatment with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) monoclonal antibodies. With the methods currently used, a case is classified as KRAS-mutated when approximately 20% of the cells bear an activating KRAS mutation. These considerations raise the question of whether cells with a mutated KRAS can be found in mCRC cases classified as KRAS wild-type when more sensitive methods are used. In addition, the issue arises of whether these mCRC cases with low proportion of KRAS-mutated cells could account at least in part for the therapeutic failure of anti-EGFR therapies that occur in 40-60% of cases classified as KRAS wild type. In this study, we compared the classical assays with a very sensitive test, a locked nucleic acid (LNA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR), capable of detecting KRAS-mutated alleles at extremely low frequency (detection sensitivity limit 0.25% mutated DNA/wild-type DNA). By analyzing a cohort of 213 mCRC patients for KRAS mutations, we found a 20.6% discordance between the sequencing/TheraScreen methods and the LNA-PCR. Indeed, 44 mCRC patients initially considered KRAS wild type were reclassified as KRAS mutated by using the LNA-PCR test. These patients were more numerous among individuals displaying a clinical failure to anti-EGFR therapies. Failure to respond to these biological treatments occurred even in the absence of mutations in other EGFR pathway components such as BRAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Dono
- Molecular Diagnostic Division, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientitifico Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino, Genova, Italy
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Associations of beta-catenin alterations and MSI screening status with expression of key cell cycle regulating proteins and survival from colorectal cancer. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:10. [PMID: 23337059 PMCID: PMC3599130 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite their pivotal roles in colorectal carcinogenesis, the interrelationship and prognostic significance of beta-catenin alterations and microsatellite instability (MSI) in colorectal cancer (CRC) needs to be further clarified. In this paper, we studied the associations between beta-catenin overexpression and MSI status with survival from CRC, and with expression of p21, p27, cyclin D1 and p53, in a large, prospective cohort study. Methods Immunohistochemical MSI-screening status and expression of p21, p27 and p53 was assessed in tissue microarrays with tumours from 557 cases of incident CRC in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. Chi Square and Spearman’s correlation tests were used to explore the associations between beta-catenin expression, MSI status, clinicopathological characteristics and investigative parameters. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards modelling were used to assess the relationship between beta-catenin overexpression, MSI status and cancer specific survival (CSS). Results Positive MSI screening status was significantly associated with older age, female sex, proximal tumour location, non-metastatic disease, and poor differentiation, and inversely associated with beta-catenin overexpression. Beta-catenin overexpression was significantly associated with distal tumour location, low T-stage and well-differentiated tumours. Patients with MSI tumours had a significantly prolonged CSS in the whole cohort, and in stage III-IV disease, also in multivariable analysis, but not in stage I-II disease. Beta-catenin overexpression was associated with a favourable prognosis in the full cohort and in patients with stage III-IV disease. Neither MSI nor beta-catenin status were predictive for response to adjuvant chemotherapy in curatively treated stage III patients. P53 and p27 expression was positively associated with beta-catenin overexpression and inversely associated with MSI. Cyclin D1 expression was positively associated with MSI and beta-catenin overexpression, and p21 expression was positively associated with MSI but not beta-catenin overexpression. Conclusions Findings from this large, prospective cohort study demonstrate that MSI screening status in colorectal cancer is an independent prognostic factor, but not in localized disease, and does not predict response to adjuvant chemotherapy. Beta-catenin overexpression was also associated with favourable outcome but not a treatment predictive factor. Associations of MSI and beta-catenin alterations with other investigative and clinicopathological factors were in line with the expected. Virtual slides The virtual slides for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/8778585058652609
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Stepanenko AA, Kavsan VM. Evolutionary karyotypic theory of cancer versus conventional cancer gene mutation theory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.7124/bc.000059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Stepanenko
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - V. M. Kavsan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
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Sirakov M, Skah S, Lone IN, Nadjar J, Angelov D, Plateroti M. Multi-level interactions between the nuclear receptor TRα1 and the WNT effectors β-catenin/Tcf4 in the intestinal epithelium. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34162. [PMID: 22509275 PMCID: PMC3317923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal homeostasis results from complex cross-regulation of signaling pathways; their alteration induces intestinal tumorigenesis. Previously, we found that the thyroid hormone nuclear receptor TRα1 activates and synergizes with the WNT pathway, inducing crypt cell proliferation and promoting tumorigenesis. Here, we investigated the mechanisms and implications of the cross-regulation between these two pathways in gut tumorigenesis in vivo and in vitro. We analyzed TRα1 and WNT target gene expression in healthy mucosae and tumors from mice overexpressing TRα1 in the intestinal epithelium in a WNT-activated genetic background (vil-TRα1/Apc mice). Interestingly, increased levels of β-catenin/Tcf4 complex in tumors from vil-TRα1/Apc mice blocked TRα1 transcriptional activity. This observation was confirmed in Caco2 cells, in which TRα1 functionality on a luciferase reporter-assay was reduced by the overexpression of β-catenin/Tcf4. Moreover, TRα1 physically interacted with β-catenin/Tcf4 in the nuclei of these cells. Using molecular approaches, we demonstrated that the binding of TRα1 to its DNA target sequences within the tumors was impaired, while it was newly recruited to WNT target genes. In conclusion, our observations strongly suggest that increased β-catenin/Tcf4 levels i) correlated with reduced TRα1 transcriptional activity on its target genes and, ii) were likely responsible for the shift of TRα1 binding on WNT targets. Together, these data suggest a novel mechanism for the tumor-promoting activity of the TRα1 nuclear receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sirakov
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Seham Skah
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Imtiaz Nisar Lone
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Nadjar
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Dimitar Angelov
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
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