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Wu Y, Xiao Y, Ding Y, Ran R, Wei K, Tao S, Mao H, Wang J, Pang S, Shi J, Zhu C, Wan W, Yang Q, Chen C. Colorectal cancer cell-derived exosomal miRNA-372-5p induces immune escape from colorectal cancer via PTEN/AKT/NF-κB/PD-L1 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 143:113261. [PMID: 39353381 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Tumor cells can escape immune surveillance by changing their own escape or expressing abnormal genes and proteins, resulting in unlimited proliferation and invasive growth of cells. These changes are related to microRNAs (miRNAs), which reduce the killing effect of immune cells, devastate the immune response, and interfere with apoptosis through the aberrant expression of relevant miRNAs. In the preliminary phase of this study, miRNAs in clinical plasma exosomes of colorectal cancer patients were differentially analyzed by RNA sequencing technology, and miR-372-5p derived from extracellular vesicles (sEVs) was found to be a key signaling molecule mediating the regulation of macrophages by colorectal cancer (CRC). miRNA-372-5p is upregulated in colorectal cancer patient tissues and serum, as well as colorectal cancer cell lines and their exosomes. Subsequently, we found that macrophages could take up sEV secreted by colorectal cancer cells HCT116, affecting the expression of the immune checkpoint PD-L1, resulting in the generation of a tumor-immunosuppressive microenvironment and suppression of T cell activation in CRC. Gene enrichment mapping and database revealed that miR-372-5p regulates PD-L1 expression in colorectal cancer through the homologous phosphatase-tensin (PTEN)-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (AKT)-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. Further studies confirmed that miRNA-372-5p-treated macrophages co-cultured with T cells affected the regulation of PD-L1 expression through the PTEN/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway, resulting in decreased CD3+CD8+ T cell activity, decreased cytokine IL-2 and increased IFN-γ. And miRNA-372-5p could down-regulate the expression of PD-L1 in HCT116 through the PTEN/AKT/NF-κB pathway, inhibit tumor cell proliferation and promote apoptosis. Conclusion: Colorectal cancer cell-derived exosome miR-372-5p can be phagocytosed by colorectal cancer and macrophage cells, regulate the expression of PD-L1 in colorectal cancer cells and macrophages by targeting the PTEN/AKT/NF-κB pathway, and induce the immunosuppressive microenvironment of CRC to promote CRC development. This suggests that inhibiting the secretion of HCT116-specific sEV-miR-372-5p or targeting PD-L1 in tumor-associated macrophages could be a novel approach for CRC treatment and possibly a sensitizing approach for CRC anti-PD-L1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulun Wu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Evolution and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Bengbu medical university, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China; Department of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical University, Anhui 233030, China.
| | - Yuhan Xiao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Evolution and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Bengbu medical university, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China; School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Anhui 233030, China.
| | - Yongxing Ding
- The Third the Pople's Hospital of Bengbu, Anhui 233000, China.
| | - Ruorong Ran
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Evolution and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Bengbu medical university, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China.
| | - Ke Wei
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Evolution and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Bengbu medical university, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China.
| | - Shuang Tao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Evolution and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Bengbu medical university, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China.
| | - Huilan Mao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Evolution and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Bengbu medical university, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Evolution and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Bengbu medical university, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China.
| | - Siyan Pang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Evolution and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Bengbu medical university, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China.
| | - Jiwen Shi
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Evolution and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Bengbu medical university, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China.
| | - Chengle Zhu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Evolution and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Bengbu medical university, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China.
| | - Wenrui Wan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bengbu Medical University, Anhui 233030, China.
| | - Qingling Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical University, Anhui 233030, China.
| | - Changjie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical University, Anhui 233030, China.
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Yadav V, Singh T, Sharma D, Garg VK, Chakraborty P, Ghatak S, Satapathy SR. Unraveling the Regulatory Role of HuR/microRNA Axis in Colorectal Cancer Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:3183. [PMID: 39335155 PMCID: PMC11430344 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16183183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health burden with high incidence and mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-protein coding transcripts, conserved throughout evolution, with an important role in CRC tumorigenesis, and are either upregulated or downregulated in various cancers. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are known as essential regulators of miRNA activity. Human antigen R (HuR) is a prominent RBP known to drive tumorigenesis with a pivotal role in CRC. In this review, we discuss the regulatory role of the HuR/miRNA axis in CRC. Interestingly, miRNAs can directly target HuR, altering its expression and activity. However, HuR can also stabilize or degrade miRNAs, forming complex feedback loops that either activate or block CRC-associated signaling pathways. Dysregulation of the HuR/miRNA axis contributes to CRC initiation and progression. Additionally, HuR-miRNA regulation by other small non-coding RNAs, circular RNA (circRNAs), or long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is also explored here. Understanding this HuR-miRNA interplay could reveal novel biomarkers with better diagnostic or prognostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Yadav
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, 221 00 Malmö, Sweden;
| | - Tejveer Singh
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India; (T.S.); (D.S.)
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS-DRDO), New Delhi 110054, India
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India; (T.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Vivek Kumar Garg
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India;
| | - Payel Chakraborty
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Kolkata, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India; (P.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Souvik Ghatak
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Kolkata, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India; (P.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Shakti Ranjan Satapathy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, 221 00 Malmö, Sweden;
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Marinović S, Vuković Đerfi K, Škrtić A, Poljak M, Kapitanović S. Unique miRNA Expression Profile in MSI- and EMAST-Unstable Sporadic Colon Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1007. [PMID: 39202367 PMCID: PMC11353743 DOI: 10.3390/genes15081007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical post-transcriptional gene regulators and their involvement in sporadic colon cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis has been confirmed. In this study we investigated differences in miRNA expression in microsatellite stable (MSS/EMAST-S), microsatellite unstable marked by high elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats (MSS/EMAST-H), and high microsatellite unstable (MSI-H/EMAST-H) tumor subgroups as well as in tumors with different clinicopathologic characteristics. An RT-qPCR analysis of miRNA expression was carried out on 45 colon cancer and adjacent normal tissue samples (15 of each group). Overall, we found three differentially expressed miRNAs between the subgroups. miR-92a-3p and miR-224-5p were significantly downregulated in MSI-H/EMAST-H tumors in comparison to other subgroups. miR-518c-3p was significantly upregulated in MSS/EMAST-H tumors in comparison to stable and highly unstable tumors. Furthermore, we showed that miR-143-3p and miR-145-5p were downregulated in tumors in comparison to normal tissues in all subgroups. In addition, we showed overexpression of miR-125b-5p in well-differentiated tumors and miR-451a in less advanced tumors. This is the first report on differences in miRNA expression profiles between MSS/EMAST-S, MSS/EMAST-H, and MSI-H/EMAST-H colorectal cancers. Our findings indicate that the miRNA expression signatures differ in CRC subgroups based on their instability status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Marinović
- Laboratory for Personalized Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.V.Đ.); (S.K.)
| | - Kristina Vuković Đerfi
- Laboratory for Personalized Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.V.Đ.); (S.K.)
| | - Anita Škrtić
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital Merkur, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Mirko Poljak
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Hospital Merkur, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Sanja Kapitanović
- Laboratory for Personalized Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.V.Đ.); (S.K.)
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Akbar S, Mashreghi S, Kalani MR, Valanik A, Ahmadi F, Aalikhani M, Bazi Z. Blood miRNAs miR-549a, miR-552, and miR-592 serve as potential disease-specific panels to diagnose colorectal cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28492. [PMID: 38571665 PMCID: PMC10988015 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction miRNAs originating from colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue receive significant focus in the early diagnosis of CRC due to their stability in body fluids. However, if these miRNAs originated from alternative organs, their prognostic value will diminish. Thus, in this study, we aim to identify disease-specific miRNAs for colorectal cancer (CRC) by employing bioinformatics and experimental methodologies. Method To identify CRC-specific miRNAs, we retrieved miRNA profiles of CRC and normal tissues from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Subsequently, computational strategies were utilized to select potential candidate miRNAs. Following this, the expression levels of the potent miRNAs were assessed through RT-qPCR in both CRC tissue and serum samples from patients (N = 46), as well as healthy individuals (N = 46). Additionally, the associations between clinicopathological characteristics, survival outcomes, and diagnostic accuracy were evaluated. Results A total of 8893 RNA-seq expression data were acquired from TCGA, comprising 8250 data from 19 distinct cancer types and 643 corresponding healthy samples. Based on the computational methodology, miR-549a, miR-552, and miR-592 were identified as the principal expressed miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC). Within these miRNAs, miR-552 displayed a substantial association with tumors at the N and T stages. miR-549a and miR-592 were observed to be linked exclusively to the invasion of tumor depth and tumor stage (TNM), respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis conducted on the miRNA expression in serum samples revealed that all miRNAs exhibited an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of up to 0.86, thereby indicating their high diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion Considering the strong associations of these three identified miRNAs with CRC, they can collectively serve as a panel for specific discrimination of CRC from other types of cancer within the body. Although this study focused solely on CRC, this approach can potentially be applied to other cancer types as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Akbar
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mashreghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Akram Valanik
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Ahmadi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Aalikhani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Zahra Bazi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Escalante PI, Quiñones LA, Contreras HR. Exploring the impact of MiR-92a-3p on FOLFOX chemoresistance biomarker genes in colon cancer cell lines. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1376638. [PMID: 38659583 PMCID: PMC11039864 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1376638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: One of the primary obstacles faced by individuals with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) is the potential development of acquired chemoresistance as the disease advances. Studies have indicated a direct association between elevated levels of miR-92a-3p and the progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance observed in CRC. We proposed that miR-92a-3p impairs FOLFOX (fluorouracil/oxaliplatin) chemotherapy response by upregulating the expression of chemoresistance biomarker genes through the activation of β-catenin and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). These FOLFOX biomarker genes include the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway genes dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD), thymidylate synthase (TYMS), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), and the genes encoding the DNA repair complexes subunits ERCC1 and ERCC2, and XRCC1. Methods: To assess this, we transfected SW480 and SW620 colon cancer cell lines with miR-92a-3p mimics and then quantified the expression of DPYD, TYMS, MTHFR, ERCC1, ERCC2, and XRCC1, the expression of EMT markers and transcription factors, and activation of β-catenin. Results and discussion: Our results reveal that miR-92a-3p does not affect the expression of DPYD, TYMS, MTHFR, and ERCC1. Furthermore, even though miR-92a-3p affects ERCC2, XRCC1, E-cadherin, and β-catenin mRNA levels, it has no influence on their protein expression. Conclusion: We found that miR-92a-3p does not upregulate the expression of proteins of DNA-repair pathways and other genes involved in FOLFOX chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula I. Escalante
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Oncology (LOCYM), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A. Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics (CQF), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Pharmacogenomic Clinical Guidelines (RELIVAF), Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Héctor R. Contreras
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Oncology (LOCYM), Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Control (CECAN), Santiago, Chile
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6
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Wu H, Ma W, Wang Y, Wang Y, Sun X, Zheng Q. Gut microbiome-metabolites axis: A friend or foe to colorectal cancer progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116410. [PMID: 38460373 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
An expanding corpus of research robustly substantiates the complex interrelation between gut microbiota and the onset, progression, and metastasis of colorectal cancer. Investigations in both animal models and human subjects have consistently underscored the role of gut bacteria in a variety of metabolic activities, driven by dietary intake. These activities include amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate fermentation, and the generation and regulation of bile acids. These metabolic derivatives, in turn, have been identified as significant contributors to the progression of colorectal cancer. This thorough review meticulously explores the dynamic interaction between gut bacteria and metabolites derived from the breakdown of amino acids, fatty acid metabolism, and bile acid synthesis. Notably, bile acids have been recognized for their potential carcinogenic properties, which may expedite tumor development. Extensive research has revealed a reciprocal influence of gut microbiota on the intricate spectrum of colorectal cancer pathologies. Furthermore, strategies to modulate gut microbiota, such as dietary modifications or probiotic supplementation, may offer promising avenues for both the prevention and adjunctive treatment of colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, additional research is imperative to corroborate these findings and enhance our comprehension of the underlying mechanisms in colorectal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Wenmeng Ma
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yiyao Wang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Qianqian Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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Yu X, Du Z, Zhu P, Liao B. Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of exosomal microRNAs in renal cancer. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:273-286. [PMID: 38388810 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) arises from the tubular epithelial cells of the nephron. It has the highest mortality rate among urological cancers. There are no effective therapeutic approaches and no non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosis and follow-up. Thus, suitable novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets are essential for improving RCC diagnosis/prognosis and treatment. Circulating exosomes such as exosomal microRNAs (Exo-miRs) provide non-invasive prognostic/diagnostic biomarkers and valuable therapeutic targets, as they can be easily isolated and quantified and show high sensitivity and specificity. Exosomes secreted by an RCC can exhibit alterations in the miRs' profile that may reflect the cellular origin and (patho)physiological state, as a ''signature'' or ''fingerprint'' of the donor cell. It has been shown that the transportation of renal-specific miRs in exosomes can be rapidly detected and measured, holding great potential as biomarkers in RCC. The present review highlights the studies reporting tumor microenvironment-derived Exo-miRs with therapeutic potential as well as circulating Exo-miRs as potential diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in patients with RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Yu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Zhongbo Du
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Pingyu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Bo Liao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China.
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8
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Das R, Mehta DK, Gupta N. Understanding the Potential of mRNA as Biomarker to Revolutionize Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2024; 74:102-112. [PMID: 38350633 DOI: 10.1055/a-2244-6572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNA as potential biomarker for early diagnosis, differentiating various stages, interpreting the success of postoperative curative surgery and predicting early relapse of Colorectal cancer.In the realm of medical research, the quest to find effective biomarkers for various diseases has always been a top priority. Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, is no exception. The emergence of microRNA (mRNA) as a potential biomarker for CRC has sparked immense interest among scientists and clinicians alike. mRNA, a molecule responsible for translating genetic information into functional proteins, presents a promising avenue for early detection and personalized treatment of this deadly disease. By analyzing the specific patterns and levels of mRNA expression in CRC cells, researchers have the ability to identify signatures that can aid in accurate diagnosis, predict patient prognosis, and even guide targeted therapies. This breakthrough in molecular biology not only enhances our understanding of CRC but also holds the potential to revolutionize the field of cancer diagnostics and treatment. In this article, we will delve deeper into the potential of mRNA as a biomarker for CRC, exploring its benefits and challenges in the field of cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Das
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, HR, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Mehta
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, HR, India
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, HR, India
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9
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S M N Mydin RB, Azlan A, Okekpa SI, Gooderham NJ. Regulatory role of miRNAs in nasopharyngeal cancer involving PTEN/PI3K/AKT, TGFβ/SMAD, RAS/MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin and pRB-E2F signaling pathways: A review. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3945. [PMID: 38362935 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small and conserved noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. These groups of RNAs are crucial in various cellular processes, especially in mediating disease pathogenesis, particularly cancer. The dysregulation of miRNAs was reported in many cancer types, including nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC), which is a malignant tumor of the nasopharynx. In this review, miRNAs involvement in crucial signaling pathways associated with NPC such as PTEN/PI3K/AKT, TGFβ/SMAD, RAS/MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin and pRB-E2F was investigated. miRNAs could function as tumor suppressor-miR or onco-miR in NPC profoundly influenced cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and metastasis. This comprehensive review of current literature provided a thorough profile of miRNAs and their interplay with the aforementioned signaling pathways in NPC. Understanding these molecular interactions could remarkably impact the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabiatul Basria S M N Mydin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Adam Azlan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- School of General and Foundation Studies, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST University), Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Simon I Okekpa
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Nigel J Gooderham
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Mohammadi M, Fazilat A, Mamalo AS, Ojarudi M, Hemmati-Dinarvand M, Beilankouhi EAV, Valilo M. Correlation of PTEN signaling pathway and miRNA in breast cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:221. [PMID: 38281224 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09191-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers among women and can be fatal if not diagnosed and treated on time. Various genetic and environmental factors play a significant role in the development and progression of BC. Within the body, different signaling pathways have been identified that contribute to cancer progression, or conversely, cancer prevention. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is one of the proteins that prevent cancer by inhibiting the oncogenic PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are molecules with about 18 to 28 base pairs, which regulate about 30% of human genes after transcription. miRNAs play a key role in the progression or prevention of cancer through different signaling pathway and mechanisms, e.g., apoptosis, angiogenesis, and proliferation. miRNAs, which are upstream mediators of PTEN, can reinforce or suppress the effect of PTEN signaling on BC cells, and suppressing the PTEN signaling, linked to weakness of the cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. However, the precise mechanism and function of miRNAs on PTEN in BC are not yet fully understood. Therefore, in the present study, has been focused on miRNAs regulating PTEN function in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahya Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fazilat
- Department of Genetics, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Ojarudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohsen Hemmati-Dinarvand
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Valilo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Andrabi MQ, Kesavan Y, Ramalingam S. Non-coding RNAs as Biomarkers for Survival in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Curr Aging Sci 2024; 17:5-15. [PMID: 36733201 DOI: 10.2174/1874609816666230202101054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a high incidence and fatality rate worldwide. It ranks second concerning death worldwide. Cancer patients are diagnosed with the disease at a later stage due to the absence of early diagnostic methods, which leads to increased death. With the help of recent advancements in the fields of diagnosis and therapy, the development of novel methods using new targets could be helpful for the long-term survival of CRC patients when CRC is detected early. However, the prognosis for the advanced stage of CRC is abysmal. New biomarkers are emerging as promising alternatives since they can be utilized for early detection of CRC, are simple to use, and non-invasive. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been seen to have an aberrant expression in the development of many malignancies, including CRC. In the past two decades, much research has been done on non-coding RNAs, which may be valuable as biomarkers and targets for antitumor therapy. Non-coding RNAs can be employed in detecting and treating CRC. Non-coding RNAs play an essential role in regulating gene expression. This article reviews ncRNAs and their expression levels in CRC patients that could be used as potential biomarkers. Various ncRNAs have been associated with CRC, such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, etc. The expression of these non-coding RNAs may provide insights into the stages of cancer and the prognosis of cancer patients and therefore proper precautionary measures can be taken to decrease cancer-related deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Qasim Andrabi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Yasodha Kesavan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Satish Ramalingam
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
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12
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Ebrahimi N, Hakimzadeh A, Bozorgmand F, Speed S, Manavi MS, Khorram R, Farahani K, Rezaei-Tazangi F, Mansouri A, Hamblin MR, Aref AR. Role of non-coding RNAs as new therapeutic targets in regulating the EMT and apoptosis in metastatic gastric and colorectal cancers. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:2302-2323. [PMID: 38009668 PMCID: PMC10730205 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2286804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastric cancer (GC), are the two most common cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, and are serious health concerns worldwide. The discovery of more effective biomarkers for early diagnosis, and improved patient prognosis is important. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), can regulate cellular processes such as apoptosis and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) leading to progression and resistance of GC and CRC tumors. Moreover these pathways (apoptosis and EMT) may serve as therapeutic targets, to prevent metastasis, and to overcome drug resistance. A subgroup of ncRNAs is common to both GC and CRC tumors, suggesting that they might be used as biomarkers or therapeutic targets. In this review, we highlight some ncRNAs that can regulate EMT and apoptosis as two opposite mechanisms in cancer progression and metastasis in GC and CRC. A better understanding of the biological role of ncRNAs could open up new avenues for the development of personalized treatment plans for GC and CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ebrahimi
- Genetics Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Hakimzadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Farima Bozorgmand
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Speed
- Medical Campus, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Roya Khorram
- Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kobra Farahani
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Atena Mansouri
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Xsphera Biosciences, Translational Medicine group, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Langdon CG. Nuclear PTEN's Functions in Suppressing Tumorigenesis: Implications for Rare Cancers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020259. [PMID: 36830628 PMCID: PMC9953540 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) encodes a tumor-suppressive phosphatase with both lipid and protein phosphatase activity. The tumor-suppressive functions of PTEN are lost through a variety of mechanisms across a wide spectrum of human malignancies, including several rare cancers that affect pediatric and adult populations. Originally discovered and characterized as a negative regulator of the cytoplasmic, pro-oncogenic phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, PTEN is also localized to the nucleus where it can exert tumor-suppressive functions in a PI3K pathway-independent manner. Cancers can usurp the tumor-suppressive functions of PTEN to promote oncogenesis by disrupting homeostatic subcellular PTEN localization. The objective of this review is to describe the changes seen in PTEN subcellular localization during tumorigenesis, how PTEN enters the nucleus, and the spectrum of impacts and consequences arising from disrupted PTEN nuclear localization on tumor promotion. This review will highlight the immediate need in understanding not only the cytoplasmic but also the nuclear functions of PTEN to gain more complete insights into how important PTEN is in preventing human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey G. Langdon
- Department of Pediatrics, Darby Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; ; Tel.: +1-(843)-792-9289
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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14
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Huang YF, Liu MW, Xia HB, He R. Expression of miR-92a is associated with the prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer: An observation study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30970. [PMID: 36254053 PMCID: PMC9575788 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of molecular biology technology, the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) has provided new ideas for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of lung cancer and laid a foundation for the study of this malignancy. To assess the potential prognostic value of miR-92a as a new biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) via clinical evaluation, a total of 100 patients with NSCLC admitted to the Respiratory and Intensive Care Department of Suining Central Hospital in Sichuan Province between August 2007 and April 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation between miR-92a expression and prognosis of patients with NSCLC was also evaluated in the present study. The expression level of miR-92a was measured by PT-PCR and in situ hybridization. Chi-square test was adopted to explore the relationship of miR-92a expression and clinical features. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted to delineate the overall survival rate of patients with NSCLC. Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic significance of miR-92a expression in NSCLC. The miR-92a expression in NSCLC tissue samples was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissues (P < .001) and significantly correlated with the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score, histological type, and distant metastasis (P < .05). Survival curve revealed that patients with NSCLC and high miR-92a expression had relatively higher mortality than those with low PAK4 expression (P = .001). Cox regression analysis explained that miR-92a expression was associated with the prognosis of patients with NSCLC (HR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.0-3.2, P = .036). In summary, miR-92a was highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and could act as a prognostic factor for patients with NSCLC. These results illustrate that miR-92a expression plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of NSCLC, and miR-92a can be used as a new biomarker to determine the prognosis of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fang Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-Fang Huang, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Suining Central Hospital, No. 127 Desheng West Road, Chuanshan District, Suining 69000, China (e-mail: )
| | - Ming-Wei Liu
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Han-Biao Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Rong He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
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15
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Seyed Salehi A, Parsa-Nikoo N, Roshan-Farzad F, Shams R, Fathi M, Asaszadeh Aghdaei H, Behmanesh A. MicroRNA-125a-3p, -4530, and -92a as a Potential Circulating MicroRNA Panel for Noninvasive Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:8040419. [PMID: 36254252 PMCID: PMC9569215 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8040419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) expression dysregulations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have been studied widely for their diagnostic and prognostic utility. By the use of bioinformatics-based methods, in our previous study, we identified some potential miRNA panels for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer patients from noncancerous controls (the screening stage). In this report, we used 142 plasma samples from people with and without pancreatic cancer (PC) to conduct RT-qPCR differential expression analysis to assess the strength of the first previously proposed diagnostic panel (consisting of miR-125a-3p, miR-4530, and miR-92a-2-5p). As the result, we identified significant upregulation for all the three considered miRNAs in the serum of PC patients. After that, a three-miRNA panel in serum was developed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) for the panel were 0.850, 0.910, and 0.86, respectively, indicating that it had a higher diagnostic value than individual miRNAs. Therefore, we detected a promising three-miRNA panel in the plasma for noninvasive PC diagnosis (miR-125a-3p, miR-4530, and miR-92a-2-5p).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Seyed Salehi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Parsa-Nikoo
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Roshan-Farzad
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Shams
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Fathi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asaszadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Behmanesh
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Relationship Between the MicroRNAs and PI3K/AKT/mTOR Axis: Focus on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 239:154093. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Gupta A, Vats A, Ghosal A, Mandal K, Sarkar R, Bhattacharya I, Das S, Pal R, Majumdar SS. Follicle-stimulating hormone-mediated decline in miR-92a-3p expression in pubertal mice Sertoli cells is crucial for germ cell differentiation and fertility. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:136. [PMID: 35181820 PMCID: PMC11072849 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sertoli cells (Sc) are the sole target of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the testis and attain functional maturation post-birth to significantly augment germ cell (Gc) division and differentiation at puberty. Despite having an operational microRNA (miRNA) machinery, limited information is available on miRNA-mediated regulation of Sc maturation and male fertility. We have shown before that miR-92a-3p levels decline in pubertal rat Sc. In response to FSH treatment, the expressions of FSH Receptor, Claudin11 and Klf4 were found to be elevated in pubertal rat Sc coinciding with our finding of FSH-induced decline in miR-92a-3p levels. To investigate the association of miR-92a-3p and spermatogenesis, we generated transgenic mice where such pubertal decline of miR-92a-3p was prevented by its overexpression in pubertal Sc under proximal Rhox5 promoter, which is known to be activated specifically at puberty, in Sc. Our in vivo observations provided substantial evidence that FSH-induced decline in miR-92a-3p expression during Sc maturation acts as an essential prerequisite for the pubertal onset of spermatogenesis. Elevated expression of miR-92a-3p in post-pubertal testes results into functionally compromised Sc, leading to impairment of the blood-testis barrier formation and apoptosis of pre-meiotic Gc, ultimately culminating into infertility. Collectively, our data suggest that regulation of miR-92a-3p expression is crucial for Sc-mediated induction of active spermatogenesis at puberty and regulation of male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Gupta
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, JNU Complex, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Amandeep Vats
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, JNU Complex, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Anindita Ghosal
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, JNU Complex, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kamal Mandal
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, JNU Complex, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Rajesh Sarkar
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, JNU Complex, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Indrashis Bhattacharya
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, JNU Complex, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Dept. of Zoology, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sanjeev Das
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, JNU Complex, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rahul Pal
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, JNU Complex, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Subeer S Majumdar
- Cellular Endocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, JNU Complex, New Delhi, 110067, India.
- Genes and Protein Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India.
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18
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Jorgensen BG, Ro S. MicroRNAs and 'Sponging' Competitive Endogenous RNAs Dysregulated in Colorectal Cancer: Potential as Noninvasive Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042166. [PMID: 35216281 PMCID: PMC8876324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract in mammals is comprised of dozens of cell types with varied functions, structures, and histological locations that respond in a myriad of ways to epigenetic and genetic factors, environmental cues, diet, and microbiota. The homeostatic functioning of these cells contained within this complex organ system has been shown to be highly regulated by the effect of microRNAs (miRNA). Multiple efforts have uncovered that these miRNAs are often tightly influential in either the suppression or overexpression of inflammatory, apoptotic, and differentiation-related genes and proteins in a variety of cell types in colorectal cancer (CRC). The early detection of CRC and other GI cancers can be difficult, attributable to the invasive nature of prophylactic colonoscopies. Additionally, the levels of miRNAs associated with CRC in biofluids can be contradictory and, therefore, must be considered in the context of other inhibiting competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) such as lncRNAs and circRNAs. There is now a high demand for disease treatments and noninvasive screenings such as testing for bloodborne or fecal miRNAs and their inhibitors/targets. The breadth of this review encompasses current literature on well-established CRC-related miRNAs and the possibilities for their use as biomarkers in the diagnoses of this potentially fatal GI cancer.
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19
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Yildiz MT, Tutar L, Giritlioğlu NI, Bayram B, Tutar Y. MicroRNAs and Heat Shock Proteins in Breast Cancer Biology. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2257:293-310. [PMID: 34432285 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1170-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer has five major immune types; luminal A, luminal B, HER2, Basal-like, and normal-like. Cells produce a family of protein called heat shock proteins (Hsps) in response to exposure to thermal and other proteotoxic stresses play essential roles in cancer metabolism and this large family shows a diverse set of Hsp involvement in different breast cancer immune types. Recently, Hsp members categorized according to their immune type roles. Hsp family consists of several subtypes formed by molecular weight; Hsp70, Hsp90, Hsp100, Hsp40, Hsp60, and small molecule Hsps. Cancer cells employ Hsps as survival factors since most of these proteins prevent apoptosis. Several studies monitored Hsp roles in breast cancer cells and reported Hsp27 involvement in drug resistance, Hsp70 in tumor cell transformation-progression, and interaction with p53. Furthermore, the association of Hsp90 with steroid receptors and signaling proteins in patients with breast cancer directed research to focus on Hsp-based treatments. miRNAs are known to play key roles in all types of cancer that are upregulated or downregulated in cancer which respectively referred to as oncogenes (oncomirs) or tumor suppressors. Expression profiles of miRNAs may be used to classify, diagnose, and predict different cancer types. It is clear that miRNAs play regulatory roles in gene expression and this work reveals miRNA correlation to Hsp depending on specific breast cancer immune types. Deregulation of specific Hsp genes in breast cancer subtypes allows for identification of new targets for drug design and cancer treatment. Here, we performed miRNA network analysis by recruiting Hsp genes detected in breast cancer subtypes and reviewed some of the miRNAs related to aforementioned Hsp genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Taha Yildiz
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lütfi Tutar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Nazlı Irmak Giritlioğlu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Banu Bayram
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hamidiye Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Tutar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.
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20
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Sanaei MJ, Baghery Saghchy Khorasani A, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Shahrokh S, Zali MR, Bashash D. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in colorectal cancer: Oncogenic alterations, non-coding RNAs, therapeutic opportunities, and the emerging role of nanoparticles. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1720-1752. [PMID: 34897682 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest human malignancies worldwide. Several molecular pathways have been demonstrated to be involved in the initiation and development of CRC which among them, the overactivation of the phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR axis is of importance. The current review aims to unravel the mechanisms by which the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway affects CRC progression; and also, to summarize the original data obtained from international research laboratories on the oncogenic alterations and polymorphisms affecting this pathway in CRC. Besides, we provide a special focus on the regulatory role of noncoding RNAs targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in this malignancy. Questions on how this axis is involved in the inhibition of apoptosis, in the induction of drug resistance, and the angiogenesis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and metastasis are also responded. We also discussed the PI3K/Akt pathway-associated prognostic and predictive biomarkers in CRC. In addition, we provide a general overview of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibition whether by chemical-based drugs or by natural-based medications in the context of CRC, either as monotherapy or in combination with other therapeutic agents; however, those treatments might have life-threatening side effects and toxicities. To the best of our knowledge, the current review is one of the first ones highlighting the emerging roles of nanotechnology to overcome challenges related to CRC therapy in the hope that providing a promising platform for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Javad Sanaei
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Shahrokh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Slabáková E, Kahounová Z, Procházková J, Souček K. Regulation of Neuroendocrine-like Differentiation in Prostate Cancer by Non-Coding RNAs. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:ncrna7040075. [PMID: 34940756 PMCID: PMC8704250 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) represents a variant of prostate cancer that occurs in response to treatment resistance or, to a much lesser extent, de novo. Unravelling the molecular mechanisms behind transdifferentiation of cancer cells to neuroendocrine-like cancer cells is essential for development of new treatment opportunities. This review focuses on summarizing the role of small molecules, predominantly microRNAs, in this phenomenon. A published literature search was performed to identify microRNAs, which are reported and experimentally validated to modulate neuroendocrine markers and/or regulators and to affect the complex neuroendocrine phenotype. Next, available patients’ expression datasets were surveyed to identify deregulated microRNAs, and their effect on NEPC and prostate cancer progression is summarized. Finally, possibilities of miRNA detection and quantification in body fluids of prostate cancer patients and their possible use as liquid biopsy in prostate cancer monitoring are discussed. All the addressed clinical and experimental contexts point to an association of NEPC with upregulation of miR-375 and downregulation of miR-34a and miR-19b-3p. Together, this review provides an overview of different roles of non-coding RNAs in the emergence of neuroendocrine prostate cancer.
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22
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Fang Y, Yan C, Zhao Q, Xu J, Liu Z, Gao J, Zhu H, Dai Z, Wang D, Tang D. The roles of microbial products in the development of colorectal cancer: a review. Bioengineered 2021; 12:720-735. [PMID: 33618627 PMCID: PMC8806273 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1889109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of microbes exist in the gut and they have the ability to process and utilize ingested food. It has been reported that their products are involved in colorectal cancer development. The molecular mechanisms which underlie the relationship between gut microbial products and CRC are still not fully understood. The role of some microbial products in CRC is particularly controversial. Elucidating the effects of gut microbiota products on CRC and their possible mechanisms is vital for CRC prevention and treatment. In this review, recent studies are examined in order to describe the contribution metabolites and toxicants which are produced by gut microbes make to CRC, primarily focusing on the involved molecular mechanisms.Abbreviations: CRC: colorectal cancer; SCFAs: short chain fatty acids; HDAC: histone deacetylase; TCA cycle: tricarboxylic acid cycle; CoA: cytosolic acyl coenzyme A; SCAD: short chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase; HDAC: histone deacetylase; MiR-92a: microRNA-92a; KLF4: kruppel-like factor; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PIP2: phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-biphosphate; PIP3: phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate; Akt1: protein kinase B subtype α; ERK1/2: extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2; EMT: epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; NEDD9: neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated9; CAS: Crk-associated substrate; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; PRMT1: protein arginine methyltransferase 1; UDCA: ursodeoxycholic acid; BA: bile acids; CA: cholic acid; CDCA: chenodeoxycholic acid; DCA: deoxycholic acid; LCA: lithocholic acid; CSCs: cancer stem cells; MHC: major histocompatibility; NF-κB: NF-kappaB; GPR: G protein-coupled receptors; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RNS: reactive nitrogen substances; BER: base excision repair; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; MAPK: mitogen activated protein kinase; ERKs: extracellular signal regulated kinases; AKT: protein kinase B; PA: phosphatidic acid; TMAO: trimethylamine n-oxide; TMA: trimethylamine; FMO3: flavin-containing monooxygenase 3; H2S: Hydrogen sulfide; SRB: sulfate-reducing bacteria; IBDs: inflammatory bowel diseases; NSAID: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; BFT: fragile bacteroides toxin; ETBF: enterotoxigenic fragile bacteroides; E-cadherin: extracellular domain of intercellular adhesive protein; CEC: colonic epithelial cells; SMOX: spermine oxidase; SMO: smoothened; Stat3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; Th17: T helper cell 17; IL17: interleukin 17; AA: amino acid; TCF: transcription factor; CDT: cytolethal distending toxin; PD-L1: programmed cell death 1 ligand 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkun Fang
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Yan
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiaming Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liu
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Jin Gao
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Hanjian Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhujiang Dai
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- CONTACT Dong TangDepartment of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou225001, China
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Yang K, Zhang Y, Mai X, Hu L, Ma C, Wei J. MIR17HG genetic variations affect the susceptibility of IgA nephropathy in Chinese Han people. Gene 2021; 800:145838. [PMID: 34274472 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular disease worldwide. It accounts for approximately 30 ~ 40% of glomerular diseases in China. However, the exact pathogenesis of IgAN is not well established. This study aimed to explore the association between MIR17HG polymorphisms and IgAN susceptibility. METHODS Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MIR17HG were genotyped in 417 patients with IgAN and 424 healthy controls. The association analysis was conducted by logistic regression adjusted for age and gender in multiple genetic models and different subgroups. RESULTS Our results revealed that rs72640334 and rs1428 increased the susceptibility to IgAN in total populations (p < 0.05). The stratification analysis by age indicated that rs72640334 enhanced the risk of IgAN people older than 35 years, while rs7318578 played a protective role in the development of IgAN patients aged >35 years (p < 0.05). In addition, MIR17HG-rs72640334 could facilitate the occurrence of IgAN in females (p < 0.05). In Lee's grade III-Vsubgroup, rs72640334 and rs7336610 have an increasing effect on IgAN risk, while rs7318578 has a decreasing effect on IgAN susceptibility (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that MIR17HG genetic polymorphisms were correlated with IgAN susceptibility. It provided new evidence for the potential molecular mechanism of IgAN and may serve as a new biomarker for the treatment and early diagnosis of IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570311, China; Department of Nephrology, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570311, China; Department of Nephrology, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
| | - Xing Mai
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570311, China; Department of Nephrology, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
| | - Langtao Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570311, China; Department of Nephrology, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
| | - Chunyang Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570311, China; Department of Nephrology, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 570311, China.
| | - Jiali Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 570311, China.
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Baghbani E, Noorolyai S, Duijf PHG, Silvestris N, Kolahian S, Hashemzadeh S, Baghbanzadeh Kojabad A, FallahVazirabad A, Baradaran B. The impact of microRNAs on myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:668-678. [PMID: 34020831 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation promotes cancer development. To a large extent, this can be attributed to the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to tumors. These cells are known for establishing an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by suppressing T cell activities. However, MDSCs also promote metastasis and angiogenesis. Critically, as small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, microRNAs (miRNAs) control MDSC activities. In this review, we discuss how miRNA networks regulate key MDSC signaling pathways, how they shape MDSC development, differentiation and activation, and how this impacts tumor development. By targeting the expression of miRNAs in MDSCs, we can alter their main signaling pathways. In turn, this can compromise their ability to promote multiple hallmarks of cancer. Therefore, this may represent a new powerful strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Baghbani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Noorolyai
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pascal H G Duijf
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia; University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- IRCCS Bari, Italy. Medical Oncology Unit-IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology DIMO-University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Saeed Kolahian
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Shahryar Hashemzadeh
- General and Vascular Surgery Department, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Rakesh R, Chanana UB, Hussain S, Sharma S, Goel K, Bisht D, Patne K, Swer PB, Hockensmith JW, Muthuswami R. Altering mammalian transcription networking with ADAADi: An inhibitor of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251354. [PMID: 33999958 PMCID: PMC8128233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Active DNA-dependent ATPase A Domain inhibitor (ADAADi) is the only known inhibitor of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling proteins that targets the ATPase domain of these proteins. The molecule is synthesized by aminoglycoside phosphotransferase enzyme in the presence of aminoglycosides. ADAADi interacts with ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling proteins through motif Ia present in the conserved helicase domain, and thus, can potentially inhibit all members of this family of proteins. We show that mammalian cells are sensitive to ADAADi but with variable responses in different cell lines. ADAADi can be generated from a wide variety of aminoglycosides; however, cells showed differential response to ADAADi generated from various aminoglycosides. Using HeLa and DU145 cells as model system we have explored the effect of ADAADi on cellular functions. We show that the transcriptional network of a cell type is altered when treated with sub-lethal concentration of ADAADi. Although ADAADi has no known effects on DNA chemical and structural integrity, expression of DNA-damage response genes was altered. The transcripts encoding for the pro-apoptotic proteins were found to be upregulated while the anti-apoptotic genes were found to be downregulated. This was accompanied by increased apoptosis leading us to hypothesize that the ADAADi treatment promotes apoptotic-type of cell death by upregulating the transcription of pro-apoptotic genes. ADAADi also inhibited migration of cells as well as their colony forming ability leading us to conclude that the compound has effective anti-tumor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saddam Hussain
- Chromatin Remodeling Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, JNU, New Delhi, India
| | - Soni Sharma
- Chromatin Remodeling Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, JNU, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaveri Goel
- Chromatin Remodeling Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, JNU, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepa Bisht
- Chromatin Remodeling Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, JNU, New Delhi, India
| | - Ketki Patne
- Chromatin Remodeling Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, JNU, New Delhi, India
| | - Pynskhem Bok Swer
- Chromatin Remodeling Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, JNU, New Delhi, India
| | - Joel W Hockensmith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Rohini Muthuswami
- Chromatin Remodeling Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, JNU, New Delhi, India
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26
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He J, Wu F, Han Z, Hu M, Lin W, Li Y, Cao M. Biomarkers (mRNAs and Non-Coding RNAs) for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer - From the Body Fluid to Tissue Level. Front Oncol 2021; 11:632834. [PMID: 33996548 PMCID: PMC8118670 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.632834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) have been continuously improved, but the mortality rate continues to be high, especially in advanced patients. CRC patients usually have no obvious symptoms in the early stage and are already in the advanced stage when they are diagnosed. The 5-year survival rate is only 10%. The blood markers currently used to screen for CRC, such as carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9, have low sensitivity and specificity, whereas other methods are invasive or too expensive. As a result, recent research has shifted to the development of minimally invasive or noninvasive biomarkers in the form of body fluid biopsies. Non-coding RNA molecules are composed of microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, and circular RNAs, which have important roles in the occurrence and development of diseases and can be utilized for the early diagnosis and prognosis of tumors. In this review, we focus on the latest findings of mRNA-ncRNA as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC, from fluid to tissue level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feifeng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeping Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weida Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuguang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingrong Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Lin L, Wang H, Guo W, He E, Huang K, Zhao Q. Osteosarcoma-derived exosomal miR-501-3p promotes osteoclastogenesis and aggravates bone loss. Cell Signal 2021; 82:109935. [PMID: 33529755 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that osteoclasts from osteosarcoma patients have higher tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity. Exosomes are important mediators of the cell-to-cell communication. However, whether osteosarcoma cell-derived exosomes mediate the osteoclastogenesis of bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMDMs) and its mechanisms are largely unknown. In this research, we validated the communication between osteosarcoma cells and BMDMs. Here, we found that osteosarcoma cell-derived exosomes can be transfered to BMDMs to promote osteoclast differentiation. The miR-501-3p is highly expressed in exosomes derived from osteosarcoma and could be transferred to BMDMs through the exosomes. Moreover, osteosarcoma-derived exosomal miR-501-3p mediate its role in promoting osteoclast differentiation and aggravates bone loss in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, osteosarcoma cell-derived exosomal miR-501-3p could promote osteoclast differentiation via PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Collectively, our results suggest that osteosarcoma-derived exosomal miR-501-3p promotes osteoclastogenesis and aggravates bone loss. Therefore, our study reveals a novel mechanism of osteoclastogenesis in osteosarcoma patients and provides a novel target for diagnosis or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longshuai Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Weihong Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Enjun He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhabei Central Hospital of Jing'an District, Shanghai 200070, China.
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China.
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Su XY, Zhao Q, Ke JM, Wu DH, Zhu X, Lin J, Deng ZQ. Circ_0002232 Acts as a Potential Biomarker for AML and Reveals a Potential ceRNA Network of Circ_0002232/ miR-92a-3p/ PTEN. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:11871-11881. [PMID: 33239917 PMCID: PMC7682446 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s278499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Our research aimed to investigate the expression level of circ_0002232, which is transcribed from PTEN, and find out the association of circ_0002232/miR-92a-3p/PTEN network in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods Circ_0002232 expression in 115 AML patients and 48 controls was detected by using real-time quantitative PCR. The diagnostic value of circ_0002232 expression was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to analyse the impact of circ_0002232 for overall survival. Associated network of circ_0002232 was predicted by using interaction prediction websites. Results Compared with controls, circ_0002232 was notably low-expressed in AML (P<0.001). According to the result of receiver operating characteristic curve, circ_0002232 expression could distinguish AML patients from controls (P<0.001). There were significant differences in patients’ age (P=0.004), FAB classifications (P=0.036), white blood cell count (P=0.041) and platelet count (P=0.021) between low-expressed circ_0002232 group and high-expressed circ_0002232 group. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between circ_0002232 expression and patients’ age (Pearson r=0.256, P=0.0057). Interestingly, we found that patients in low-expressed circ_0002232 group had better overall survival both in whole AML (P=0.030) and non-APL AML (P=0.014). Remarkably, the expression of circ_0002232 was positively correlated with PTEN (Spearman r=0.678, P<0.001). Furthermore, there was a negative correlation in AML between circ_0002232 and miR-92a-3p (Spearman r=−0.301, P=0.016), miR-92a-3p and PTEN (Spearman r=−0.324, P=0.034). Interaction prediction websites revealed that circ_0002232 might affect the expression of PTEN and the process of AML through sponging miR-92a-3p. Conclusion Circ_0002232, one of the circRNAs transcribed from PTEN, was remarkably down-regulated in AML and could act as a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of AML. In addition, there might be a potential association network of circ_0002232/miR-92a-3p/PTEN in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Su
- Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ming Ke
- Faculty of Forestry, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Hong Wu
- Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Qun Deng
- Laboratory Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Xiao CT, Lai WJ, Zhu WA, Wang H. MicroRNA Derived from Circulating Exosomes as Noninvasive Biomarkers for Diagnosing Renal Cell Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10765-10774. [PMID: 33122915 PMCID: PMC7591082 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s271606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults. Exosomes are membrane-enclosed extracellular vesicles, and exosomal RNA can be a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis in RCC patients. We aim to identify differences in miRNA expression profiles in peripheral blood exosomes between RCC patients and healthy subjects as well as to investigate novel markers of RCC. Methods We performed exosomal miRNA sequencing of plasma samples obtained from five RCC patients and five control subjects, subsequently 22 RCC patients and 16 control subjects were investigated using qPCR to confirm the differential miRNA which from plasma exosomal RNA sequencing. ROC curves were constructed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of exosomal miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers of RCC. Results Exosomes were isolated with the exoeasy maxi kit and confirmed using TEM and NTA. They have a spherical structure with a diameter of approximately 40–180 nm. The exosomal miRNA sequence results showed that a total of 2357 miRNAs were detected, and 245 miRNAs were differentially expressed between RCC patients and healthy controls (p<0.001, average counts >5, log|fc|>1). Further analysis revealing that, versus the control, 17 miRNAs are up-regulated and 5 miRNAs are down-regulated under selection conditions with average miRNAs counts >100. qPCR was performed using 38 subjects—the results showed that the expression levels of hsa-mir-149-3p and hsa-mir-424-3p were upregulated; the expression levels of hsa-mir-92a-1-5p were significantly downregulated in the plasma exosomes of RCC. For diagnosis of RCC, the AUC of hsa-mir-92a-1-5p, hsa-mir-149-3p and hsa-mir-424-3p was 0.8324, 0.7188 and 0.7727, with the sensitivity of 0.875, 0.750 and 0.750, and the specificity of 0.773,0.727 and 0.818, respectively, at the best cutoff value. Conclusion Our study revealed that the expression levels of hsa-mir-92a-1-5p, hsa-mir-149-3p and hsa-mir-424-3p were significantly abnormal in RCC patients, which may be novel biomarkers for RCC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Tian Xiao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, 510630
| | - Wen-Jie Lai
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, 510630
| | - Wei-An Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, 510630
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, 510630
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Saberinia A, Alinezhad A, Jafari F, Soltany S, Akhavan Sigari R. Oncogenic miRNAs and target therapies in colorectal cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 508:77-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ahadi A. The significance of microRNA deregulation in colorectal cancer development and the clinical uses as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and therapeutic agent. Noncoding RNA Res 2020; 5:125-134. [PMID: 32954092 PMCID: PMC7476809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most widely recognized and deadly malignancies worldwide. Although death rates have declined over the previous decade, mainly because of enhanced screening or potential treatment alternatives, CRC remains the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, with an estimated incidence of over 1 million new cases and approximately 600 000 deaths estimated yearly. Therefore, many scientific efforts are put into the development of new diagnostic biomarkers for CRC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), one of the epigenetics categories, have demonstrated significant roles in carcinogenesis and progression through regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), oncogenic signaling pathways, and metastasis. Dysregulation of miRNAs expression has been reported in many cancers, including CRC. The expression profile of miRNAs is reproducibly altered in CRC, and their expression patterns are associated with diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic outcomes in CRC. Recently, many studies were conducted on the dysregulation of miRNAs as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in CRC. Among them, some miRNAs, which include miR-21, miR-34 family, miR-155, miR-224, and miR-378, have been more studied in CRC with more prominent roles in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. In the present review, we summarized the latest information regarding the dysregulated miRNAs in CRC and the advantages of using miRNAs as a biomarker for CRC diagnosis, treatment, and their function in different signaling pathways involved in CRC progression. Moreover, we described the translation of miRNA research to potential therapeutic applications in the management of CRC in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ahadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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HIF-1α and HDAC1 mediated regulation of FAM99A-miR92a signaling contributes to hypoxia induced HCC metastasis. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:118. [PMID: 32636357 PMCID: PMC7341733 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Eshghifar N, Badrlou E, Pouresmaeili F. The roles of miRNAs' clinical efficiencies in the colorectal cancer pathobiology: A review article. Hum Antibodies 2020; 28:273-285. [PMID: 32623393 DOI: 10.3233/hab-200417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
MiRNAs (microRNAs) are defined as micro directors and regulators of gene expression. Since altered miRNA expression is signified in the pathobiology of diverse cancers such as colorectal cancers (CRCs), these molecules are described as therapeutic targets, either. Manipulation of miRNAs could lead to further therapy for chemo and radio-resistant CRCs. The usage of microRNAs has indicated prominent promise in the prognosis and diagnosis of CRC, because of their unique expression pattern associated with cancer types and malignancies. Nowadays, many researchers are analyzing the correlation between miRNA polymorphisms and cancer risk. With continuous incompatibility in colorectal cancer (CRC) miRNAs expression data, it is critical to move toward the content of a "pre-laboratory" analysis to speed up efficient accuracy medicine and translational study. Pathway study for the highest expressed miRNAs- regulated target genes resulted in the identification of a considerable number of genes associated with CRC pathway including PI3K, TGFβ, and APC. In this review, we aimed to collect fruitful information about miRNAs and their potential roles in CRC, and provide a meta-analysis of the most frequently studied miRNAs in association with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahal Eshghifar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Badrlou
- Medical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Pouresmaeili
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mead B, Cullather E, Nakaya N, Niu Y, Kole C, Ahmed Z, Tomarev S. Viral delivery of multiple miRNAs promotes retinal ganglion cell survival and functional preservation after optic nerve crush injury. Exp Eye Res 2020; 197:108071. [PMID: 32574667 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) but not fibroblast sEV provide retinal ganglion cell (RGC) neuroprotection both in vitro and in vivo, with miRNAs playing an essential role. More than 40 miRNAs were more abundant in BMSC-sEV than in fibroblast-sEV. The purpose of this study was to test the in vitro and in vivo neuroprotective and axogenic properties of six candidate miRNAs (miR-26a, miR-17, miR-30c-2, miR-92a, miR-292, and miR-182) that were more abundant in BMSC-sEV than in fibroblast-sEV. Adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) expressing a combination of three of the above candidate miRNAs were added to heterogenous adult rat retinal cultures or intravitreally injected into rat eyes one week before optic nerve crush (ONC) injury. Survival and neuritogenesis of βIII-tubulin+ RGCs was assessed in vitro, as well as the survival of RBPMS+ RGCs and regeneration of their axons in vivo. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) was measured to assess axonal density whereas positive scotopic threshold response electroretinography amplitudes provided a readout of RGC function. Qualitative retinal expression of PTEN, a target of several of the above miRNAs, was used to confirm successful miRNA activity. AAV2 reliably transduced RGCs in vitro and in vivo. Viral delivery of miRNAs in vitro showed a trend towards neuroprotection but remained insignificant. Delivery of selected combinations of miRNAs (miR-17-5p, miR-30c-2 and miR-92a; miR-92a, miR-292 and miR-182) before ONC provided significant therapeutic benefits according to the above measurable endpoints. However, no single miRNA appeared to be responsible for the effects observed, whilst positive effects observed appeared to coincide with successful qualitative reduction in PTEN immunofluorescence in the retina. Viral delivery of miRNAs provides a possible neuroprotective strategy for injured RGCs that is conducive to therapeutic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Mead
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK; Section of Retinal Ganglion Cell Biology, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Erin Cullather
- Section of Retinal Ganglion Cell Biology, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Naoki Nakaya
- Section of Retinal Ganglion Cell Biology, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yuzhe Niu
- Section of Retinal Ganglion Cell Biology, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christo Kole
- Section of Retinal Ganglion Cell Biology, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stanislav Tomarev
- Section of Retinal Ganglion Cell Biology, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Liu L, Wang Q, Qiu Z, Kang Y, Liu J, Ning S, Yin Y, Pang D, Xu S. Noncoding RNAs: the shot callers in tumor immune escape. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:102. [PMID: 32561709 PMCID: PMC7305134 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, designed to exploit the functions of the host immune system against tumors, has shown considerable potential against several malignancies. However, the utility of immunotherapy is heavily limited due to the low response rate and various side effects in the clinical setting. Immune escape of tumor cells may be a critical reason for such low response rates. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been identified as key regulatory factors in tumors and the immune system. Consequently, ncRNAs show promise as targets to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in tumors. However, the relationship between ncRNAs and tumor immune escape (TIE) has not yet been comprehensively summarized. In this review, we provide a detailed account of the current knowledge on ncRNAs associated with TIE and their potential roles in tumor growth and survival mechanisms. This review bridges the gap between ncRNAs and TIE and broadens our understanding of their relationship, providing new insights and strategies to improve immunotherapy response rates by specifically targeting the ncRNAs involved in TIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhilin Qiu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yujuan Kang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jiena Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shipeng Ning
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yanling Yin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Da Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China. .,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Shouping Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Chen L, Li X, Lu C, Zhao Y, Zhu J, Yang L. The long non‑coding RNA CASC7 inhibits growth and invasion of non‑small cell lung cancer cells through phosphatase and tensin homolog upregulation via sequestration of miR‑92a. Int J Oncol 2020; 57:466-477. [PMID: 32626930 PMCID: PMC7307594 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the crucial roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in various human cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, to the best of our knowledge, the role of the lncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 7 (CASC7) in NSCLC has not been clearly determined. The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of CASC7 in NSCLC. Marked downregulation of CASC7 was observed in NSCLC tissues and cell lines, and this downregulation of CASC7 was closely associated with distant metastasis, lymph node involvement and poor overall survival in NSCLC patients. Furthermore, overexpression of CASC7 significantly suppressed the proliferation, invasion and migration of the NSCLC cells A549 and H358, and promoted cell apoptosis in vitro. In addition, CASC7 was shown to act as a competing endogenous RNA by sponging miR-92a, which was proven to be an oncogenic miRNA in our previous study. The expression of miR-92a was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines, and was found to be inversely associated with CASC7 expression in NSCLC tissues. It was also demonstrated that CASC7 upregulated the expression of the tumor suppressor gene phosphatase and tensin homolog (a well-known target of miR-92a) by sequestration of miR-92a. Moreover, the tumor-suppressive effects of CASC7 were partly reversed by miR-92a overexpression in NSCLC cells. Collectively, the results of the present study indicated that CASC7 may act as a tumor-suppressive lncRNA that inhibits NSCLC progression by sponging miR-92a. These findings may improve our understanding of the potential mechanisms through which gain of CASC7 expression represses NSCLC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Chaojing Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Ji Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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Esmaeili M, Keshani M, Vakilian M, Esmaeili M, Peymani M, Seyed Forootan F, Chau TL, Göktuna SI, Zaker SR, Nasr Esfahani MH, Ghaedi K. Role of non-coding RNAs as novel biomarkers for detection of colorectal cancer progression through interaction with the cell signaling pathways. Gene 2020; 753:144796. [PMID: 32450203 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer which affects the colon and the rectum. Approximately one third of annual CRC mortality occurs due to the late detection of this type of cancer. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more powerful diagnostic and prognostic tools for identification and treatment of colorectal tumorigenesis. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been implicated in the pathology of CRC and also linked to metastasis, proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis and apoptosis in numerous cancers. Recently, attention has turned towards ncRNAs as specific targets for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of various types of cancers, including CRC. In this review, we have tried to outline the roles of ncRNAs, and their involvement in signaling pathways responsible for the progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Esmaeili
- Department of Modern Biology, ACECR Institute of Higher Education (Isfahan Branch), Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Keshani
- Department of Modern Biology, ACECR Institute of Higher Education (Isfahan Branch), Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Vakilian
- Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain; Department of Cellular Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain.
| | - Maryam Esmaeili
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran; Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Farzad Seyed Forootan
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran; Legal Medicine Research Centre, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Tieu Lan Chau
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Serkan Ismail Göktuna
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Institute (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sayed Rasoul Zaker
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
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Danbaran GR, Aslani S, Sharafkandi N, Hemmatzadeh M, Hosseinzadeh R, Azizi G, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Babaie F, Mohammadi H. How microRNAs affect the PD-L1 and its synthetic pathway in cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106594. [PMID: 32416456 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a glycoprotein that is expressed on the cell surface of both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. PD-L1 play a role in the immune tolerance and protect self-tissues from immune system attack. Dysfunction of this molecule has been highlighted in the pathogenesis of tumors, autoimmunity, and infectious disorders. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous molecules that are classified as small non-coding RNA with approximately 20-22 nucleotides (nt) length. The function of miRNAs is based on complementary interactions with target mRNA via matching completely or incompletely. The result of this function is decay of the target mRNA or preventing mRNA translation. In the past decades, several miRNAs have been discovered which play an important role in the regulation of PD-L1 in various malignancies. In this review, we discuss the effect of miRNAs on PD-L1 expression and consider the effect of miRNAs on the synthetic pathway of PD-L1, especially during cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nadia Sharafkandi
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Babaie
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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MicroRNAs that regulate PTEN as potential biomarkers in colorectal cancer: a systematic review. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:809-820. [PMID: 32146564 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in a variety of biological processes, including tumorigenesis, progression, invasion, and drug resistance to multiple cancers. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a cancer suppressor gene that has been certified to be regulated by miRNAs in various tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). In this review, we screened articles focusing on low PTEN expression in CRC, observed the expression of related miRNAs, analyzed their correlation and relationship with clinicopathological features, and discussed the possibility of these miRNAs as prognostic molecules. METHODS We conducted a systematic search for articles published in the Web of Science, PubMed and EBSCO databases between January 1, 2002, and July 18, 2019. We identified these studies by using combinations of the following index entries and key words: 'colorectal tumor OR colorectal neoplasm OR colorectal carcinoma OR colorectal cancer OR CRC', 'protein tyrosine phosphatase OR PTEN', and 'microRNA OR MiRNA OR miRNA OR MicroRNA'. Moreover, we evaluated the underlying association between alterations in PTEN and CRC prognosis. RESULTS PTEN expression was obviously lower in CRC tissues than in normal mucosa. However, PTEN expression did not differ significantly between adenoma and normal tissues. PTEN tends to be negatively associated with tumor size and metastasis. MiR-21, miR-200a, miR-543, miR-32, miR-92a, miR-26a, miR-106a and miR-181a were correlated with the downregulation of PTEN. MiR-26a, miR-106a and miR-181a were obviously higher in CRC tissues than in normal tissues, while PTEN was downregulated in CRC tissues. Additionally, miRNAs were mainly positively correlated with distant metastasis, followed by TNM stage. The relationship between miRNAs and tumor differentiation is controversial. However, there were no significant differences between miRNAs and either sex or age. CONCLUSIONS The loss of PTEN may be a diagnostic factor for CRC patients. The above-mentioned miRNAs may function as oncogenes in CRC and represent potential targets for CRC therapy. However, further prospective clinical studies are necessary.
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Wang Y, Wang H, Zhang C, Zhang C, Yang H, Gao R, Tong Z. Plasma Hsa-miR-92a-3p in correlation with lipocalin-2 is associated with sepsis-induced coagulopathy. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:155. [PMID: 32075600 PMCID: PMC7031893 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-4853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a life-threatening situation, and it can be rendered more severe by coagulopathy. We here examine a novel plasma biomarker for sepsis-induced coagulopathy. METHODS A total of 116 patients diagnosed with sepsis were recruited and divided into two groups by whether they also had coagulopathy. Plasma samples were collected on arrival at the intensive care unit. Fifteen sepsis-alone and 15 sepsis-induced coagulopathy plasma samples were mixed and sent for microRNA sequencing. Differently expressed microRNAs were then validated by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in 52 sepsis-alone and 34 sepsis-induced coagulopathy patients; plasma lipocalin-2 was measured as well. RESULTS Four microRNAs were selected from microRNA sequencing. Only hsa-mir-92a-3p was differently expressed in the validation set. Its level of expression was significantly lower in sepsis-induced coagulopathy group. Hsa-mir-92a-3p had an area under a receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.660 (95% confidence interval, 0.537, 0.782). The plasma Hsa-mir-92a-3p level was related to activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin activity, and plasma lipocalin-2 level. A binary logistic model showed an association between hsa-mir-92a-3p and fibrinogen with SIC. CONCLUSIONS The utility of hsa-mir-92a-3p as a biomarker for sepsis-induced coagulopathy needs more verification, and the regulatory mechanism of hsa-mir-92a-3p in coagulation disorder and its potency as a therapeutic target must be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, NO. 8, Gong Ti South Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, NO. 8, Gong Ti South Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University and Beijing Institute of Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, NO. 8, Gong Ti South Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Huqin Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, NO. 8, Gong Ti South Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Ruiyue Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, NO. 8, Gong Ti South Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zhaohui Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, NO. 8, Gong Ti South Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Xiao Z, Chen S, Feng S, Li Y, Zou J, Ling H, Zeng Y, Zeng X. Function and mechanisms of microRNA-20a in colorectal cancer. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:1605-1616. [PMID: 32104211 PMCID: PMC7027132 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. CRC currently has no specific biomarkers to promote its diagnosis and treatment and the underlying mechanisms regulating its pathogenesis have not yet been determined. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small, non-coding RNAs that exhibit regulatory functions and have been demonstrated to serve a crucial role in the post-transcriptional regulatory processes of gene expression that is associated with cell physiology and disease progression. Recently, abnormal miR-20a expression has been identified in a number of cancers types and this has become a novel focus within cancer research. High levels of miR-20a expression have been identified in CRC tissues, serum and plasma. In a recent study, miR-20a was indicated to be present in feces and to exhibit a high sensitivity to CRC. Therefore, miR-20a may be used as a marker for CRC and an indicator that can prevent the invasive examination of patients with this disease. Changes in the expression of miR-20a during chemotherapy can be used as a biomarker for monitoring resistance to treatment. In conclusion, miR-20a exhibits the potential for clinical application as a novel diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for use in patients with CRC. The present study focused on the role and mechanisms of miR-20a in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xiao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Shi Chen
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Shujun Feng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yukun Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Ling
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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Pedroza-Torres A, Romero-Córdoba SL, Justo-Garrido M, Salido-Guadarrama I, Rodríguez-Bautista R, Montaño S, Muñiz-Mendoza R, Arriaga-Canon C, Fragoso-Ontiveros V, Álvarez-Gómez RM, Hernández G, Herrera LA. MicroRNAs in Tumor Cell Metabolism: Roles and Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1404. [PMID: 31921661 PMCID: PMC6917641 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated metabolism is a common feature of cancer cells and is considered a hallmark of cancer. Altered tumor-metabolism confers an adaptive advantage to cancer cells to fulfill the high energetic requirements for the maintenance of high proliferation rates, similarly, reprogramming metabolism confers the ability to grow at low oxygen concentrations and to use alternative carbon sources. These phenomena result from the dysregulated expression of diverse genes, including those encoding microRNAs (miRNAs) which are involved in several metabolic and tumorigenic pathways through its post-transcriptional-regulatory activity. Further, the identification of key actionable altered miRNA has allowed to propose novel targeted therapies to modulated tumor-metabolism. In this review, we discussed the different roles of miRNAs in cancer cell metabolism and novel miRNA-based strategies designed to target the metabolic machinery in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Pedroza-Torres
- Cátedra CONACyT-Clínica de Cáncer Hereditario, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra L Romero-Córdoba
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Montserrat Justo-Garrido
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iván Salido-Guadarrama
- Biología Computacional, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rubén Rodríguez-Bautista
- Unidad de Oncología Torácica y Laboratorio de Medicina Personalizada, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sarita Montaño
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa (FCQB-UAS), Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Muñiz-Mendoza
- Clínica de Cáncer Hereditario, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristian Arriaga-Canon
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Greco Hernández
- Laboratorio de Traducción y Cáncer, Unidad de Investigaciones Biomedicas en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerolgía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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Soleimani A, Rahmani F, Ferns GA, Ryzhikov M, Avan A, Hassanian SM. Role of Regulatory Oncogenic or Tumor Suppressor miRNAs of PI3K/AKT Signaling Axis in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:4605-4610. [PMID: 30636581 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190110151957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide and its incidence is increasing. In most patients with CRC, the PI3K/AKT signaling axis is over-activated. Regulatory oncogenic or tumor suppressor microRNAs (miRNAs) for PI3K/AKT signaling regulate cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, as well as resistance to chemo-/radio-therapy in colorectal cancer tumor tissues. Thus, regulatory miRNAs of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling represent novel biomarkers for new patient diagnosis and obtaining clinically invaluable information from post-treatment CRC patients for improving therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the current knowledge of miRNAs' regulatory roles of PI3K/AKT signaling in CRC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Soleimani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzad Rahmani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, United Kingdom
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of M edical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Arabsorkhi Z, Gharib E, Yaghmoorian Khojini J, Farhadieh M, Nazemalhosseini‐Mojarad E, Zali MR. miR‐298 plays a pivotal role in colon cancer invasiveness by targeting PTEN. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4335-4350. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Arabsorkhi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Ehsan Gharib
- Department of Molecular Biology, Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | | | | | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini‐Mojarad
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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45
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Choi HH, Cho YS, Choi JH, Kim HK, Kim SS, Chae HS. Stool-Based miR-92a and miR-144* as Noninvasive Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer Screening. Oncology 2019; 97:173-179. [PMID: 31216561 DOI: 10.1159/000500639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current noninvasive screening tests for colorectal cancer (CRC) have insufficient sensitivity. MicroRNA (miRNA) levels in stool have potential as markers for noninvasive screening of CRC. We evaluated the diagnostic value of stool miRNA levels and determined the optimal miRNA subtypes for detecting CRC. METHODS Stool samples were collected from 29 patients with CRC and 29 healthy controls. The stool levels of miR-21, miR-92a, miR-200c, miR-144*, miR-135a, miR-135b, miR-106a, and miR-17-3p were determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The sensitivity and specificity of the miRNAs for CRC were determined by receiver operating characteristics analysis. RESULTS Among the eight tested miRNAs, the mean stool levels of miR-21, miR-92a, miR-144*, and miR-17-3p differed significantly between the CRC group and the control group (p =0.014, 0.001, <0.001, and 0.008, respectively). The sensitivities and specificities of miR-21, miR-92, miR-144*, and miR-17-3p were 79.3 and 48.3%, 89.7 and 51.7%, 78.6 and 66.7%, and 67.9 and 70.8%, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, miR-92a and miR-144* were significantly associated with the presence of CRC (p = 0.03 and 0.011, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The stool levels of miR-92a and miR-144* showed good sensitivity and fair specificity for detection of CRC, and thus may be useful as noninvasive biomarkers for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ho Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seok Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Ji Hye Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Keun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiun-Suk Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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46
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Lin M, Zhang Z, Gao M, Yu H, Sheng H, Huang J. MicroRNA-193a-3p suppresses the colorectal cancer cell proliferation and progression through downregulating the PLAU expression. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:5353-5363. [PMID: 31354344 PMCID: PMC6578599 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s208233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in China. Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is involved in cancer development and progression. Our previous study showed an inverse relationship between miR-193a-3p expression and the prognosis of CRC. However, the exact biological functions of miR-193a-3p in CRC are still poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of miR-193a-3p in CRC. Methods Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to examine the expression levels of RNA and protein, respectively. A dual luciferase assay was performed to validate predicted targets of miR-193a-3p. Loss and gain-of-function studies were carried out to reveal the effects and potential mechanism of the miR-193a-3p in the proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis of CRC cells. Results The expression levels of miR-193a-3p in human CRC cell lines were significantly decreased compared with that in normal colonic epithelium cell line. Furthermore, plasminogen activator urokinase (PLAU) was validated as a direct target gene of miR-193a-3p. Over-expression of miR-193a-3p inhibited proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of HT-29 cell, whereas forced expression of PLAU could rescue the inhibitory effects. Conclusion miR-193a-3p might inhibit CRC cell growth, migration and angiogenesis partly through targeting PLAU. MiR-193a-3p/PLAU axis might provide a potent therapeutic opportunity for aggressive CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosong Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Zan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihui Sheng
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Molecular Medicine, and National Engineering Center for Biochip, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxing Huang
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, People's Republic of China
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Siveen KS, Raza A, Ahmed EI, Khan AQ, Prabhu KS, Kuttikrishnan S, Mateo JM, Zayed H, Rasul K, Azizi F, Dermime S, Steinhoff M, Uddin S. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Modulators of the Tumor Microenvironment, Metastasis and Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060746. [PMID: 31146452 PMCID: PMC6628238 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality rates. A number of factors including modulation of the tumor microenvironment, high metastatic capability, and resistance to treatment have been associated with CRC disease progression. Recent studies have documented that tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a significant role in intercellular communication in CRC via transfer of cargo lipids, proteins, DNA and RNAs to the recipient tumor cells. This transfer influences a number of immune-related pathways leading to activation/differentiation/expression of immune cells and modulation of the tumor microenvironment that plays a significant role in CRC progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Furthermore, tumor-derived EVs are secreted in large amounts in biological fluids of CRC patients and as such the expression analysis of EV cargoes have been associated with prognosis or response to therapy and may be a source of therapeutic targets. This review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the role of EVs in the modulation of the tumor microenvironment and its effects on CRC progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. On the other hand, the potential role of CRC derived EVs as a source of biomarkers of response and therapeutic targets will be discussed in detail to understand the dynamic role of EVs in CRC diagnosis, treatment, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodappully S Siveen
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Afsheen Raza
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Eiman I Ahmed
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Abdul Q Khan
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Kirti S Prabhu
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Jericha M Mateo
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Hatem Zayed
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar.
| | - Kakil Rasul
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Fouad Azizi
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Said Dermime
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
- Department of Dermatology Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
- Weill Cornell-Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 24811, Qatar.
- Weill Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Academic Health System, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
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Sun B, Zhang J, Liu M, Guan L. Alkannin inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via regulation of miR-92a. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108782. [PMID: 30909147 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In our study, we aimed to investigate the effects of alkannin on HCC cells growth, migration and invasion. METHODS Huh7 and Hep3B2.1-7 cells were treated with alkannin. Expression of miR-92a in cell was altered by transfection with miR-92a-mimic (miR-92a-M) or miR-92a-inhibitor (miR-92a-I). Cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8, BrdU assay, flow cytometry, and transwell assay, respectively. The expression of miR-92a was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The expression of proteins associated with proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis was measured by Western blot. RESULTS Alkannin decreased cell viability and proliferation, executed cell apoptosis, and inhibited the migration and invasion of Huh7 and Hep3B2.1-7 cells. Alkannin negatively regulated the expression of miR-92a, and transfection with miR-92a-M impeded alkannin's anti-tumor functions. PTEN and TP53INP1 were found to be target genes of miR-92a. Alkannin inhibited PTEN-dependent PI3K/AKT pathway. Furthermore, the biological effects of miR-92a-I in alkannin treated cells were eliminated by PTEN silencing. CONCLUSION Alkannin exerted anti-tumor activities by downregulation of miR-92a. This process might be executed by inactivating PTEN/PI3K/AKT signal pathways through the binding effects of miR-92a on PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhen Sun
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jingzhe Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Meihan Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Lianyue Guan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
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Chen H, Xu Z, Liu D. Small non-coding RNA and colorectal cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3050-3057. [PMID: 30801950 PMCID: PMC6484298 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignance. Although great efforts have been made to understand the pathogenesis of CRC, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. It is now clear that more than 90% of the total genome is actively transcribed, but lack of protein‐coding potential. The massive amount of RNA can be classified as housekeeping RNAs (such as ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs) and regulatory RNAs (such as microRNAs [miRNAs], PIWI‐interacting RNA [piRNAs], tRNA‐derived stress‐induced RNA, tRNA‐derived small RNA [tRFs] and long non‐coding RNAs [lncRNAs]). Small non‐coding RNAs are a group of ncRNAs with the length no more than 200 nt and they have been found to exert important regulatory functions under many pathological conditions. In this review, we summarize the biogenesis and functions of regulatory sncRNAs, such as miRNAs, piRNA and tRFs, and highlight their involvements in cancers, particularly in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiying Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Deliang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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50
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Alcantara KMM, Garcia RL. MicroRNA‑92a promotes cell proliferation, migration and survival by directly targeting the tumor suppressor gene NF2 in colorectal and lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:2103-2116. [PMID: 30816526 PMCID: PMC6412542 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of the tumor suppressor protein Merlin leads to the development of benign nervous system tumors in neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Documented causes of Merlin inactivation include deleterious mutations in the encoding neurofibromin 2 gene (NF2) and aberrant Merlin phosphorylation leading to proteasomal degradation. Rare somatic NF2 mutations have also been detected in common human malignancies not associated with NF2, including colorectal and lung cancer. Furthermore, tumors without NF2 mutations and with unaltered NF2 transcript levels, but with low Merlin expression, have been reported. The present study demonstrated that NF2 is also regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) through direct interaction with evolutionarily conserved miRNA response elements (MREs) within its 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR). Dual-Luciferase assays in human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) and lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells revealed downregulation of NF2 by miR-92a-3p via its wild-type 3′UTR, but not NF2−3′UTR with mutated miR-92a-3p MRE. HCT116 cells overexpressing miR-92a-3p exhibited significant downregulation of endogenous NF2 mRNA and protein levels, which was rescued by co-transfection of a target protector oligonucleotide specific for the miR-92a-3p binding site within NF2−3′UTR. miR-92a-3p overexpression in HCT116 and A549 cells promoted migration, proliferation and resistance to apoptosis, as well as altered F-actin organization compared with controls. Knockdown of NF2 by siRNA phenocopied the oncogenic effects of miR-92a overexpression on HCT116 and A549 cells. Collectively, the findings of the present study provide functional proof of the unappreciated role of miRNAs in NF2 regulation and tumor progression, leading to enhanced oncogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krizelle Mae M Alcantara
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Reynaldo L Garcia
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
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