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Xuan Y, Ding TT, Mao XL, Pang S, He R, Qin L, Yuan JZ. Liraglutide alleviates high-fat diet-induced kidney injury in mice by regulating the CaMKKβ/AMPK pathway. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2351473. [PMID: 38915241 PMCID: PMC11207906 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2351473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, has been shown to regulate blood sugar and control body weight, but its ability to treat obesity-related nephropathy has been poorly studied. Therefore, this study was designed to observe the characteristics and potential mechanism of liraglutide against obesity-related kidney disease. METHODS Thirty-six C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6 per group). Obesity-related nephropathy was induced in mice by continuous feeding of high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, liraglutide (0.6 mg/kg) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonists bortezomib (200 μg/kg) were injected for 12 weeks, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to detect the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine in serum, as well as urinary protein in urine. Besides, hematoxylin-eosin staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining were used to observe the pathological changes of kidney tissue; immunohistochemistry, western blot, and real-time quantitative PCR to assess the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase beta (CaMKKβ)/AMPK signaling pathway activation. RESULTS Liraglutide significantly reduced serum lipid loading, improved kidney function, and relieved kidney histopathological damage and glycogen deposition in the mouse model of obesity-related kidney disease induced by HFD. In addition, liraglutide also significantly inhibited the CaMKKβ/AMPK signaling pathway in kidney tissue of HFD-induced mice. However, bortezomib partially reversed the therapeutic effect of liraglutide on HDF-induced nephropathy in mice. CONCLUSIONS Liraglutide has a therapeutic effect on obesity-related kidney disease, and such an effect may be achieved by inhibiting the CaMKKβ/AMPK signaling pathway in kidney tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Xuan
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Baoshan Branch of Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-ting Ding
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Baoshan Branch of Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-lei Mao
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Baoshan Branch of Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqing Pang
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Baoshan Branch of Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruibin He
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Baoshan Branch of Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Baoshan Branch of Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang zi Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Baoshan Branch of Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Han KH, Choi YJ, Han K, Shin CM, Park NH, Lee DH. Association between menopausal hormone therapy and the risk of gastric cancer: A Korean nationwide population-based cohort study. Maturitas 2024; 184:107960. [PMID: 38460415 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2024.107960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastric cancer (GC) is more common in men than women, but also more common among postmenopausal than premenopausal women. The protective effect of reproductive hormones against GC remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the association between menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and the risk of GC in women. METHODS We investigated the national cohort data of women aged over 40 years who underwent health checkups by the Korean National Health Insurance Service in 2009. After excluding individuals with missing data and those previously diagnosed with cancer, 1,354,621 postmenopausal women were included and divided into groups according to their MHT history. We followed the study population until 2018 and analyzed the hazard ratios (HR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for the incidence rate of GC in a multivariate adjusted model. RESULTS The number of women with and without a history of MHT was 214,723 (15.9 %) and 1,139,898 (84.1 %), respectively. During the mean 8.32 ± 0.8 years of follow-up, a total of 12,496 GC cases developed in the study population (10,962 MHT non-users; 1534 MHT users). In the adjusted model, MHT was associated with a 12 % decrease in the development of GC relative to non-use of MHT (HR 0.88; 95 % CI 0.83-0.93). Exposure to MHT for >2 years was linked to a reduction in GC risk, particularly when initiated before the age of 50, giving a 45 % risk reduction. CONCLUSIONS According to our large-scale prospective national cohort study, exogenous MHT is associated with a decreased risk of GC in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hee Han
- Gynecologic Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cha University Ilsan Medical Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10414, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jin Choi
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Noh Hyun Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
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Adolph TE, Meyer M, Jukic A, Tilg H. Heavy arch: from inflammatory bowel diseases to metabolic disorders. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2024-331914. [PMID: 38777571 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2024-331914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have captured the globe during Westernisation of lifestyle and related dietary habits over the last decades. Both disease entities are characterised by complex and heterogeneous clinical spectra linked to distinct symptoms and organ systems which, on a first glimpse, do not have many commonalities in clinical practice. However, experimental studies indicate a common backbone of inflammatory mechanisms in metabolic diseases and gut inflammation, and emerging clinical evidence suggests an intricate interplay between metabolic disorders and IBD. OBJECTIVE We depict parallels of IBD and metabolic diseases, easily overlooked in clinical routine. DESIGN We provide an overview of the recent literature and discuss implications of metabolic morbidity in patients with IBD for researchers, clinicians and healthcare providers. CONCLUSION The Western lifestyle and diet and related gut microbial perturbation serve as a fuel for metabolic inflammation in and beyond the gut. Metabolic disorders and the metabolic syndrome increasingly affect patients with IBD, with an expected negative impact for both disease entities and risk for complications. This concept implies that tackling the obesity pandemic exerts beneficial effects beyond metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Moritz Meyer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Almina Jukic
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Verde L, Frias-Toral E, Cacciapuoti S, Simancas-Racines D, Megna M, Caiazzo G, Potestio L, Maisto M, Tenore GC, Colao A, Savastano S, Muscogiuri G, Barrea L. Very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD): a therapeutic nutritional tool for acne? J Transl Med 2024; 22:322. [PMID: 38556870 PMCID: PMC10983624 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne, a chronic inflammatory disease impacting the pilosebaceous unit, is influenced significantly by inflammation and oxidative stress, and is commonly associated with obesity. Similarly, obesity is also associated with increased inflammation and oxidation. The role of diet in acne remains inconclusive, but the very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD), known for weight loss and generating anti-inflammatory ketone bodies, presents promising potential. Despite this, the effects of VLCKD on acne remain underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a 45-day active phase of VLCKD in reducing the clinical severity of acne in young women with treatment-naïve moderate acne and grade I obesity. METHODS Thirty-one women with treatment-naïve moderate acne, grade I obesity (BMI 30.03-34.65 kg/m2), aged 18-30 years, meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria, and consenting to adhere to VLCKD were recruited. Baseline and post-intervention assessments included anthropometric measurements, body composition, phase angle (PhA), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels, and reactive oxygen metabolite derivatives (dROMs) as markers of inflammation, dysbiosis, and oxidative stress, respectively. A comprehensive dermatological examination, incorporating the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), was conducted for all women. RESULTS VLCKD resulted in general improvements in anthropometric and body composition parameters. Significantly, there were significant reductions in both the GAGS score (Δ%: - 31.46 ± 9.53, p < 0.001) and the DLQI score (Δ%: - 45.44 ± 24.02, p < 0.001) after the intervention. These improvements coincided with significant decreases in TMAO (p < 0.001) and dROMs (p < 0.001) levels and a significant increase in PhA (Δ%: + 8.60 ± 7.40, p < 0.001). Changes in the GAGS score positively correlated with changes in dROMs (p < 0.001) and negatively with PhA (p < 0.001) even after adjusting for Δ% FM. Changes in the DLQI score positively correlated with changes in dROMs (p < 0.001) and negatively with PhA (p < 0.001) even after adjustment for Δ% FM. CONCLUSION Given the side effects of drugs used for acne, there is an increasing need for safe, tolerable, and low-cost treatments that can be used for acne disease. The 45-day active phase of VLCKD demonstrated notable improvements in acne severity, and these improvements seemed to be attributable to the known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of VLCKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Verde
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- School of Medicine, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, 0901952, Ecuador
| | - Sara Cacciapuoti
- Section of Dermatology-Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniel Simancas-Racines
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, 170129, Ecuador.
| | - Matteo Megna
- Section of Dermatology-Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Caiazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche avanzate, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Potestio
- Section of Dermatology-Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Maisto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione Alla Salute E Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione Alla Salute E Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Benessere, Nutrizione e Sport, Università Telematica Pegaso, Centro Direzionale, Via Porzio, Isola F2, 80143, Naples, Italy
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Amikam U, Badeghiesh A, Baghlaf H, Brown R, Dahan MH. Pregnancy, delivery and neonatal outcomes in women with gastrointestinal system cancer in pregnancy. An evaluation of a population database. J Perinat Med 2024; 52:50-57. [PMID: 37678322 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2023-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gastrointestinal system (GIS) cancer in pregnancy is a rare disease. Our aim was to evaluate the association between this type of cancer and pregnancy, delivery and neonatal outcomes. METHODS We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Nation-wide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS). We included all women who delivered or had a maternal death in the US between 2004 and 2014. We compared women with an ICD-9 diagnosis of GIS cancer to those without. Pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS A total of 9,096,788 women met inclusion criteria. Amongst them, 194 women (2/100,000) had a diagnosis of GIS cancer during pregnancy. Women with GIS cancer, compared to those without, were more likely to be Caucasian, older than 35 years of age, and to suffer from obesity, chronic hypertension, pregestational diabetes and thyroid disease. The cancer group had a lower rate of spontaneous vaginal delivery (aOR 0.2, 95 % CI 0.13-0.27, p<0.001), and a higher rate of preterm delivery (aOR 1.85, 95 % CI 1.21-2.82, p=0.04), and of maternal complications such as blood transfusion (aOR 24.7, 95 % CI 17.11-35.66, p<0.001), disseminated intravascular coagulation (aOR 14.56, 95 % CI 3.56-59.55, p<0.001), venous thromboembolism (aOR 9.4, 95 % CI 2.3-38.42, p=0.002) and maternal death (aOR 8.02, 95 % CI 2.55-25.34, p<0.001). Neonatal outcomes were comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Women with a diagnosis of GIS cancer in pregnancy have a higher incidence of maternal complications including maternal death, without any differences in neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Amikam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ahmad Badeghiesh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Haitham Baghlaf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard Brown
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael H Dahan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Shrestha D, Kim E, Shrestha KK, Suh SS, Kim SH, Seo JB. Methanol extract of Elsholtzia fruticosa promotes 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:204-218. [PMID: 38618027 PMCID: PMC11007459 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2024.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Elsholtzia fruticosa (EF) is present in tropical regions throughout South Asian countries as well as the Himalayas. Although it has been used as a traditional medicine to treat digestive, respiratory, and inflammatory issues, its effect on preadipocyte differentiation is unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of a methanol extract prepared from EF on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Cell differentiation was assessed by microscopic observation and oil-red O staining. The expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes, including PPARγ and C/EBPα, was measured by western blot analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), to provide insight into adipogenesis and lipogenesis mechanisms. The results indicated that EF promotes the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, with elevated lipid accumulation occurring in a concentration-dependent manner without apparent cytotoxicity. EF enhances the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes, including PPARγ, FABP4, adiponectin, and FAS, at the mRNA and protein levels. The effect of EF was more pronounced during the early and middle stages of 3T3-L1 cell differentiation. Treatment with EF decreased C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) mRNA and protein levels, while increasing C/EBPα and PPARγ expression. Treatment with EF resulted in the upregulation of cyclin E and CDK2 gene expression within 24 h, followed by a decrease at 48 h, demonstrating the early-stage impact of EF. A concomitant increase in cyclin-D1 levels was observed compared with untreated cells, indicating that EF modulates lipogenic and adipogenic genes through intricate mechanisms involving CHOP and cell cycle pathways. In summary, EF induces the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by increasing the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes, possibly through CHOP and cell cycle-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deumaya Shrestha
- Department of Biosciences, Mokpo National
University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea
| | - Eunbin Kim
- Department of Biomedicine, Health &
Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research
Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554,
Korea
| | | | - Sung-Suk Suh
- Department of Biosciences, Mokpo National
University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine, Health &
Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research
Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554,
Korea
| | - Sung-Hak Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chonnam
National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jong Bae Seo
- Department of Biosciences, Mokpo National
University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine, Health &
Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research
Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554,
Korea
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Malkani N, Rashid MU. Systemic Diseases and Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk. JOURNAL OF CANCER & ALLIED SPECIALTIES 2023; 9:473. [PMID: 37575213 PMCID: PMC10405983 DOI: 10.37029/jcas.v9i2.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Importance Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Observations The global challenges GI cancers pose are high, especially in middle- and low-income countries. Patients with these cancers present with symptoms of poor appetite, weight loss, heartburn, abdominal pain, fatigue and anaemia. Several risk factors contribute to GI cancers, including age, gender, obesity, pathogenic infections, smoking cigarettes, alcohol consumption and dietary habits. Most of these cancers are sporadic. However, some patients are at high risk due to a family history of GI cancers. Systemic diseases affect multiple organs, and their chronic occurrence elicits inflammatory responses at various sites. These diseases also contribute to GI cancers. Conclusion and Relevance In this review, we discuss that untreated systemic diseases, including diabetes, hepatitis, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, ulcers and hypertension, can potentially lead to GI cancers if they remain untreated for a longer period. Systemic diseases initiate oxidative stress, inflammatory pathways and genetic manipulations, which altogether confer risks to GI cancers. Here, we describe the association between systemic diseases and their underlying mechanisms leading to GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Malkani
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Rashid
- Department of Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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Bocian-Jastrzębska A, Malczewska-Herman A, Rosiek V, Kos-Kudła B. Assessment of the Role of Leptin and Adiponectinas Biomarkers in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3517. [PMID: 37444627 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on the possible connection between circulating adipokines and PanNENs are limited. This novel study aimed to assess the serum levels of leptin and adiponectin and their ratio in patients with PanNENs and to evaluate the possible relationship between them and PanNEN's grade or stage, including the presence of metastases. The study group consisted of PanNENs (n = 83), and healthy controls (n = 39). Leptin and adiponectin measurement by an ELISA assay was undertaken in the entire cohort. The serum concentration of adiponectin was significantly higher in the control group compared to the study group (p < 0.001). The concentration of leptin and adiponectin was significantly higher in females than in males (p < 0.01). Anincreased leptin-adiponectin ratio was observed in well-differentiated PanNENs (G1) vs. moderatelydifferentiated PanNENs (G2) (p < 0.05). An increased leptin-adiponectin ratio was found in PanNENs with Ki-67 < 3% vs. Ki-67 ≥ 3% (p < 0.05). PanNENs with distal disease presented lower leptin levels (p < 0.001) and a decreased leptin-adiponectin ratio (p < 0.01) compared with the localized disease group. Leptin, adiponectin, and the leptin-adiponectin ratio may serve as potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers for PanNENs. Leptin levels and the leptin-adiponectin ratio may play an important role as predictors of malignancy and metastasis in PanNENs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Bocian-Jastrzębska
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinogy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Malczewska-Herman
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinogy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Violetta Rosiek
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinogy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Kos-Kudła
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinogy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
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de Carvalho TC, da Mota Borges AK, Silva IFD. Stomach cancer incidence trends in selected Latin America countries: Age, period, and birth-cohort effects. Cancer Epidemiol 2023; 85:102392. [PMID: 37301017 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND to explore the age, period, and birth-cohort effects on stomach cancer incidence trends during 3 decades in selected Latin American countries. METHODS a time-trend study was performed using Cancer Incidence in Five Continents data from high-quality population-based cancer registries(PBCRs) in Latin American countries. Crude and age-standardized incidence rates(ASRIs) were calculated. Time trends in ASRIs were assessed using the average annual percentage change(AAPC). Age-period-cohort effects were estimated by Poisson regression for individuals aged between 20 and 79 years with stomach cancer informed by PBCRs from 1983 to 2012 in Cali(Colombia); from 1982 to 2011 in Costa Rica; and from 1988 to 2012 for Goiania(Brazil) and Quito(Ecuador). The goodness-of-fit model was tested using the deviance of the models. RESULTS a decrease in age-standardized incidence rates was observed for both genders in all populations covered by PBCRs, except for young men from Cali(AAPC 3.89 95 %IC: 1.32-7.29). The age effect was statistically significant in all areas, and the curve slope reached peaks in the older age groups. The cohort effect was observed in all PBCRs. Regarding the period effect, an increased ratio rate was observed for both genders in Costa Rica(1997-2001 women RR 1.11 95 %CI: 1.05-1.17; men RR 1.12 95 %CI: 1.08-1.17) and Goiânia(2003-2007 women RR 1.21 95 %CI: 1.08-1.35; men RR 1.09 95 %CI: 1.01-1.20), while Quito(1998-2002 women RR 0.89 95 %CI: 0.81-0.98; men RR 0.86 95 %CI: 0.79-0.93) presented a decrease. CONCLUSION the present study showed a decreasing gastric cancer trend for over the past 30 years with gender and geographic variations. Such a decrease seems to be mainly a result of cohort effects, suggesting that the economic market opening process led to changes in the risk factor exposures over successive generations. These geographic and gender variations may reflect cultural/ethnic/gender differences and differences in dietary and smoking rate patterns. However, an increased incidence was observed for young men in Cali, and additional studies are needed to determine the cause of the increasing incidence in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ilce Ferreira da Silva
- Department of Epidemiology and Quantitative Methods, National Public Health School, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Yuen MMA. Health Complications of Obesity: 224 Obesity-Associated Comorbidities from a Mechanistic Perspective. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2023; 52:363-380. [PMID: 37197879 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with a wide range of comorbidities that transverse multiple specialties in clinical medicine. The development of these comorbidities is driven by various mechanistic changes including chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, increased growth-promoting adipokines, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, direct loading and infiltrative effect of adiposity, heightened activities of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and sympathetic nervous system, impaired immunity, altered sex hormones, altered brain structure, elevated cortisol levels, and increased uric acid production, among others. Some of the comorbidities might develop secondary to one or more other comorbidities. Considering the obesity-associated comorbidities in the context of the mechanistic changes is helpful in understanding these conditions and in guiding treatment and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele M A Yuen
- Department of Medicine, Obesity, Metabolism and Nutrition Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital; University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
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11
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Yin J, Qu J, Liang X, Wang M. Prognostic significance of controlling nutritional status score for patients with gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:202. [PMID: 37090072 PMCID: PMC10119667 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need to identify potentially useful biomarker(s) for the prediction of prognostic outcomes in patients diagnosed with gastric cancer. This meta-analysis provided updated evidence on the association of controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score with survival and other clinicopathological outcomes in patients with gastric cancer. PubMed and Scopus databases were systematically searched. The review included studies, observational in design, that were conducted among patients with gastric cancer and had documented the association of CONUT score with outcomes of interest. The primary outcomes of interest were overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) along with tumour size and extent (T status), nodal status (N status) and tumour staging (TNM staging). STATA was used for statistical analysis. The meta-analysis was conducted with 17 studies. The 5-year OS [hazard ratio (HR), 1.75; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.55, 1.96], RFS (HR, 1.58; 95% CI: 1.30, 1.91) and CSS (HR, 1.89; 95% CI: 1.01, 3.52) were comparatively poorer in the high CONUT group, than in low CONUT group. High CONUT score was associated with increased risk of having T3/T4 tumour [odds ratio (OR), 1.64; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.34], N2/N3 nodal status (OR, 1.44; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.77) and stage III/IV tumour (OR, 1.64; 95% CI: 1.43, 1.88). The risk of microvascular invasion (OR, 1.46; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.77) and post-operative complications (OR, 1.64; 95% CI: 1.31, 2.06) was higher in those with high CONUT. There were no differences in the risk of poorly differentiated tumour and need for adjuvant chemotherapy between the two groups. Findings suggested that preoperative assessment of CONUT score may be included in the routine assessment of patients with gastric cancer due to its association with survival and other clinical as well as pathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yin
- Third Department of Chest Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
| | - Jin Qu
- Third Department of Chest Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liang
- Third Department of Chest Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
| | - Meimei Wang
- Third Department of Chest Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Meimei Wang, Third Department of Chest Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Dalian, 890 Huanghe Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, P.R. China
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12
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Rosiek V, Bocian-Jastrzębska A, Kos-Kudła B. Selected Serum Biomarkers (Leptin, Chromogranin A, CA19-9, CEA) in Patients with Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm and Associations with Metabolic Syndrome. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082348. [PMID: 37190276 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic abnormalities are well-known risk factors for many cancers, even though no clearly established link with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) has yet been investigated. This research aimed to assess the serum levels of leptin, chromogranin A (CgA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with PanNENs and to search for associations between PanNENs, these selected serum biomarkers, and metabolic abnormalities in the form of metabolic syndrome (MS). Second, we aimed to investigate whether MS increases the risk of PanNENs. The serum concentrations of biomarkers, metabolic parameters (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides), and anthropometric measurements (weight, height, BMI) were assessed in 106 patients with PanNENs and 40 healthy volunteers. Patients with PanNENs showed higher serum concentrations of CA19-9, CEA, and CgA in comparison to controls (p < 0.001, p = 0.042, and p = 0.025, respectively). Statistically significant differences in CEA levels were found in PanNENs patients with MS (p = 0.043). PanNENs patients with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and who were female exhibited significantly higher leptin levels (p < 0.001 and p = 0.013, respectively). Additionally, this study reflects the importance of determining markers. Future research should focus on understanding the impact of metabolic disturbances on PanNENs and accounting for the relationship between PanNENs and MS, such as other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Rosiek
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnes Bocian-Jastrzębska
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Kos-Kudła
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
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13
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Xiao J, Shen K, Liu K, Wang Y, Fan H, Cheng Q, Zhou X, Hu L, Wang G, Xu Z, Yang L. Obesity promotes lipid accumulation in lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer: a retrospective case‒control study. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:123. [PMID: 36397145 PMCID: PMC9673345 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The connection between obesity, lipid accumulation, and lymph node metastasis (LNM) in gastric cancer (GC) is unclear. Methods The association of body mass index (BMI) and serum lipid levels with LNM was measured by calculating the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) in 1,058 eligible GC patients with a mean age of 61.4 years. Meanwhile, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between lymph node metastasis-positive (N +) and -negative (N0) groups using public RNA-seq data. Neutral lipids in human GC samples were detected by Oil red O staining. The expression of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative real-time PCR. Results Compared with normal-weight patients, overweight (OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.26–3.23) and obese (OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.15–2.91) patients showed increased ORs for LNM. However, no significant results were obtained for serum lipids in the multivariable-adjusted model (P > 0.05). Subgroup analysis suggested that increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was a risk factor in females (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.02–1.59). Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs revealed a connection between lipid metabolism and LNM. Meanwhile, lipid staining showed a mass of lipids in obese N + tumor samples, and IHC analysis indicated an increase in LPL and CD36 expression in N + cases, implying a crucial role for exogenous lipid supply in LNM. Conclusions High BMI significantly increases the risk of LNM in GC and promotes lipid accumulation in GC cells in LNM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01734-7.
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Effects of different weight loss programmes on oncological outcomes following curative resection of digestive tract cancers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 2022:CD015146. [PMCID: PMC9621105 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd015146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effect of different weight loss programmes on oncological outcomes following curative resection of GI tract cancers.
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15
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Belkahla S, Nahvi I, Biswas S, Nahvi I, Ben Amor N. Advances and development of prostate cancer, treatment, and strategies: A systemic review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:991330. [PMID: 36158198 PMCID: PMC9501970 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.991330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common type of cancer in the present-day world affecting modern-day men after lung cancer is prostate cancer. Prostate cancer remains on the list of top three cancer types claiming the highest number of male lives. An estimated 1.4 million new cases were reported worldwide in 2020. The incidence of prostate cancer is found predominantly in the regions having a high human development index. Despite the fact that considerable success has been achieved in the treatment and management of prostate cancer, it remains a challenge for scientists and clinicians to curve the speedy advancement of the said cancer type. The most common risk factor of prostate cancer is age; men tend to become more vulnerable to prostate cancer as they grow older. Commonly men in the age group of 66 years and above are the most vulnerable population to develop prostate cancer. The gulf countries are not far behind when it came to accounting for the number of individuals falling prey to the deadly cancer type in recent times. There has been a consistent increase in the incidence of prostate cancer in the gulf countries in the past decade. The present review aims at discussing the development, diagnostics via machine learning, and implementation of treatment of prostate cancer with a special focus on nanotherapeutics, in the gulf countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Belkahla
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Sana Belkahla, ; Insha Nahvi,
| | - Insha Nahvi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Sana Belkahla, ; Insha Nahvi,
| | - Supratim Biswas
- University of Cape Town, Department of Human Biology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Irum Nahvi
- College of Computer Engineering and Science, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nidhal Ben Amor
- Public Health Department, Veterinary College, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
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16
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The utility of endoscopy prior to bariatric surgery: an 11-year retrospective analysis of 885 patients. Surg Endosc 2022; 37:3127-3135. [PMID: 35941309 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of routine preoperative esophagogastroduodenoscopy (p-EGD) in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Many medical problems that are common in patients with obesity, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and hiatal hernias, have important implications for patients undergoing bariatric surgery. While p-EGD is considered standard of care prior to antireflux surgery, the role of p-EGD in bariatric surgery patients remains controversial. METHODS AND PROCEDURES We performed a retrospective chart review of 885 patients who underwent primary bariatric surgery at a university hospital-based bariatric surgery program between March 2011 and February 2022. Clinical history, demographics, and preoperative EGD reports were reviewed for abnormal findings. RESULTS Of the 885 patients evaluated in this study, one or more abnormal EGD findings were observed in 83.2% of patients. More than half of our patients (54.7%) presented with history of heartburn, reflux, or GERD. EGD findings demonstrated a hernia in 43.1% of patients [(Type I: 40.6%; Type II: 0.5%; Type III: 2.1%)]. 68.0% of patients were biopsied. Among patients who were biopsied, other findings included gastritis (32.4%), esophagitis (8.0%), eosinophilic esophagitis (4.7%), or duodenitis (2.7%). We found ulcers in 6.7% of patients. Pathology was consistent with H. pylori in 9.8% of biopsies taken and consistent with BE in 2.7%. Following routine p-EGD, 11.2% of patients were placed on PPI and 8.3% were recommended to stop NSAIDs. CONCLUSION Gastroesophageal reflux disease and associated pathology are common in the bariatric population. Preoperative EGD in patients undergoing bariatric surgery frequently identifies clinically significant UGI pathology. This may have important implications for medical and surgical management. Given the rate of abnormal preoperative endoscopic findings in obese patients, the work-up for bariatric surgery should align with the current recommendations for foregut surgery.
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Yang H, Yue GGL, Leung PC, Wong CK, Lau CBS. A review on the molecular mechanisms, the therapeutic treatment including the potential of herbs and natural products, and target prediction of obesity-associated colorectal cancer. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106031. [PMID: 34896542 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Obesity has been proven to be closely related to colorectal carcinogenesis. This review summarized the potential underlying mechanisms linking obesity to CRC in different aspects, including energy metabolism, inflammation, activities of adipokines and hormones. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic targets of obesity-associated CRC were predicted using network-based target analysis, with total predicted pathways not only containing previously reported pathways, but also putative signaling pathways pending for investigation. In addition, the current conventional therapeutic treatment options, plus the potential use of herbs and natural products in the management of obesity-associated CRC were also discussed. Taken together, the aim of this review article is to provide strong theoretical basis for future drug development, particularly herbs and natural products, in obesity-associated CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihai Yang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Grace Gar Lee Yue
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Clara Bik San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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18
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Hu J, Yang S, Wang J, Zhang Q, Zhao L, Zhang D, Yu D, Jin M, Ma H, Liu H, Xue J, Zhang T. Blood alkaline phosphatase predicts prognosis of patients with advanced HER2-negative gastric cancer receiving immunotherapy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1316. [PMID: 34532453 PMCID: PMC8422101 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint blockade is effective against many cancer types, but few patients achieve a complete response (OR). Therefore, effective prognostic biomarkers are needed for metastatic gastric cancer (GC) patients after immune treatment. The present study assessed the value of hematological parameters as markers of the effectiveness of immune checkpoint blockade among metastatic GC patients. Methods This retrospective study included patients with metastatic GC who underwent multiline chemotherapy including at least two courses of immunotherapy between September 2018 and December 2020. Patient and tumor characteristics were tested for prognostic significance by analysis of variance or chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier and Cox analyses were performed to identify factors associated with progression-free survival (PFS). Results Sixty-one GC patients (mean age 55.61±11.97 years, range 23–80 years, 24 females, and 37 males) were included, and 27, 9 and 25 cases had organ only, peritoneum only, and simultaneous organ and peritoneum metastasis, respectively. Gastrectomy was performed in 24 cases, and there was no operative treatment in the other 37 cases, while all patients received two or more lines of chemotherapy. After immune treatment, 13 patients achieved a partial response (PR), 16 stable disease (SD), and 32 progressive disease (PD). The median PFS was 4.93±3.47 months. An alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level >225 U/L, a lactate dehydrogenase level (LDH) >299 U/L, and a body mass index (BMI) >24 kg/m2 were associated with a short PFS (P=0.01, P=0.008, and P=0.039, respectively). A Cox multivariate proportional hazard model indicated that higher ALP level was a significant prognostic indicator for adverse PFS. Conclusions Our data show an ALP cutoff of 225 U/L offered good prognostic sensitivity for HER2-negative metastatic GC. ALP measurement represents a convenient, cost-effective, and relatively sensitive screening tool, and prospective studies involving its evaluation in addition to other biomarkers in metastatic GC patients are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Hu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengli Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuyue Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dejun Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Jin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xue
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Andreev DN, Kucheryavyy YA. Obesity as a risk factor for diseases of the digestive system. TERAPEVT ARKH 2021; 93:954-962. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.08.200983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the global prevalence of obesity among the worlds adult population is about 650 million people, which makes it possible to consider this chronic metabolic disease as a non-infectious pandemic of the 21st century. It has been proven that obesity is associated with several gastroenterological diseases, while the mechanisms of these associations are extremely heterogeneous and multifactorial. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes in obesity lead to a change in the profile of adipokine production (a decrease in adiponectin, an increase in leptin), an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1, 6, 8, tumor necrosis factor ), C-reactive protein, free fatty acids, as well as active forms of oxygen (superoxide radicals, H2O2). All the above induces the development of chronic slowly progressive inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. In addition, peptides secreted by adipocytes (adiponectin, leptin, nesfatin-1 and apelin) can modulate gastrointestinal motility, acting both centrally and peripherally. The qualitative and quantitative changes in the intestinal microbiota observed in obese patients (increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes) lead to a decrease in the production of short-chain fatty acids and an increase in the intestinal permeability due to disruption of intercellular tight junctions, which leads to increased translocation of bacteria and endotoxins into the systemic circulation. Numerous studies have demonstrated the association of obesity with diseases of the esophagus (gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barretts esophagus, esophageal adenocarcinoma, esophageal motility disorders), stomach (functional dyspepsia, stomach cancer), gallbladder (cholelithiasis, gallbladder cancer), pancreas (acute pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer), liver (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma), intestine (diverticular disease, irritable bowel syndrome, colorectal cancer).
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Butyric acid alleviated chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced lipid formation and inflammation through up-regulating HuR expression and inactivating AMPK pathways. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228420. [PMID: 33876818 PMCID: PMC8220371 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether butyric acid could alleviate chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-induced lipid formation in human preadipocytes-subcutaneous (HPA-s) through accumulation of human antigen R (HuR) and inactivation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, HPA-s were obtained and divided into three groups: Control group: cells were cultured under normal conditions; CIH group: cells were cultured in a three-gas incubator (10% O2); Butyric acid group: 10 mmol/l butyric acid added into cell culture medium. HuR-siRNA was futher transfected into CIH group for verification the function of HuR. Oil Red O was implemented for observation of lipid droplets within cells. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay was used for detecting cell viability. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay as well as flow cytometry analysis was employed for determining cell apoptosis. Western blotting was used for measurement of protein expression levels. RT-qPCR analysis was used for detecting mRNA expression. CIH treatment increased adipocytes proliferation, while butyric acid inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. The treatment of butyric acid in CIH group down-regulated expression of inflammatory factors and increased cell apoptotic rate. Butyric acid treatment increased HuR expression in both cytoplasm and nucleus and decreased the level of p-AMPK and p-ACC, while transfection of AMPK activator or HuR-siRNA would down-regulate HuR expression. Moreover, butyric acid alleviated CIH-induced cell proliferation, lipid formation and inflammatory status and promoted cell apoptosis through regulating related genes including p21, PPARγ, C/EBPa, IL-1β, IL-6, TLR4, caspase-8 and caspase-3. In conclusion, butyric acid could alleviate CIH-induced inflammation, cell proliferation and lipid formation through accumulation of HuR and inactivation of AMPK pathway.
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21
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Argyrakopoulou G, Dalamaga M, Spyrou N, Kokkinos A. Gender Differences in Obesity-Related Cancers. Curr Obes Rep 2021; 10:100-115. [PMID: 33523397 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-021-00426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we summarize the role of obesity in carcinogenesis, providing details on specific cancer sites. Special emphasis is given to gender differences in obesity-related cancers and on the effect of bariatric surgery on cancer risk. RECENT FINDINGS Accumulating evidence has highlighted the detrimental role of overweight/obesity in cancer, with almost 55% of cancers diagnosed in women and 24% diagnosed in men considered overweight- and obesity-related cancers. Sufficient data have shown that higher BMI is associated with risk of gynecologic malignancies (mainly breast and endometrial cancers) as well as cancers in sites such as the esophagus (adenocarcinoma), gastric cardia, colon, rectum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidney, thyroid gland, and multiple myeloma. The main mechanisms underlying this relationship include the insulin/IGF1 system, the effect of sex hormones, and adipocytokines. Marked differences may be seen in specific cancer sites when comparing men to women. There is a higher overall incidence of obesity-related cancers among females (endometrial, ovarian, and postmenopausal female breast cancers), whereas cancers that concern both sexes show a higher incidence in males, particularly esophageal adenocarcinoma (male to female ratio: 9: 1 in the USA). Additionally, bariatric surgery has provided evidence of lowering overall cancer risk in patients with morbid obesity. Interestingly, bariatric surgery may lower overall cancer risk in women within the first 5 years after surgery due to the reduced risk of breast and endometrial cancer, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Obesity constitutes the base for marked metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory alterations, including increased cancer risk in both men and women. Implementation of early obesity prevention strategies could ameliorate the continuously increasing incidence of cancer attributed to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Argyrakopoulou
- Diabetes and Obesity Unit, Athens Medical Center, Distomou 5-7, Amaroussio, 15127, Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Spyrou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Kokkinos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko Hospital, 115 27, Athens, Greece
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22
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Haupt S, Caramia F, Klein SL, Rubin JB, Haupt Y. Sex disparities matter in cancer development and therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:393-407. [PMID: 33879867 PMCID: PMC8284191 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Curing cancer through precision medicine is the paramount aim of the new wave of molecular and genomic therapies. Currently, whether patients with non-reproductive cancers are male or female according to their sex chromosomes is not adequately considered in patient standard of care. This is a matter of consequence because there is growing evidence that these cancer types generally initiate earlier and are associated with higher overall incidence and rates of death in males compared with females. Gender, in contrast to sex, refers to a chosen sexual identity. Hazardous lifestyle choices (notably tobacco smoking) differ in prevalence between genders, aligned with disproportionate cancer risk. These add to underlying genetic predisposition and influences of sex steroid hormones. Together, these factors affect metabolism, immunity and inflammation, and ultimately the fidelity of the genetic code. To accurately understand how human defences against cancer erode, it is crucial to establish the influence of sex. Our Perspective highlights evidence from basic and translational research indicating that including genetic sex considerations in treatments for patients with cancer will improve outcomes. It is now time to adopt the challenge of overhauling cancer medicine based on optimized treatment strategies for females and males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Haupt
- Tumor Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Franco Caramia
- Tumor Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumor Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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23
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Di Palo A, Siniscalchi C, Polito R, Nigro E, Russo A, Daniele A, Potenza N. microRNA-377-3p downregulates the oncosuppressor T-cadherin in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1797-1803. [PMID: 33818827 PMCID: PMC8360034 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of death of malignant tumors worldwide. Recent studies point to a role for the adiponectin‐receptor axis in colorectal carcinogenesis, and in particular to the oncosuppressive properties of the T‐cadherin receptor. In addition, the loss of T‐cadherin expression in tumor tissues has been linked to cancer progression and attributed to aberrant methylation of its promoter. Recognizing the pivotal role of microRNAs in CRC, this study explores their possible contribution to the downregulation of T‐cadherin. A systematic bioinformatics analysis, restricted by microRNA expression data in the colon or in cultured colorectal cell lines, predicted twelve top‐ranking target miRNA sites within the 3ʹ UTR of T‐cadherin. Experimental validation analyses based on luciferase reporter constructs and miRNA mimic or miRNA inhibitor transfections toward colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines indicated that miR‐377‐3p was able to directly bind to the T‐cadherin sequence, and thus downregulating its expression. Given the oncogenic activity of miR‐377 and the oncosuppressive activity of T‐cadherin in CRC, the regulatory circuit highlighted in this study may add new insights into molecular mechanisms driving colorectal carcinogenesis, and perspectively it could be exploited to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Di Palo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Chiara Siniscalchi
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Rita Polito
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Aniello Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Aurora Daniele
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Potenza
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
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24
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Dungan WC, Garrett MR, Welch BA, Lawson WJ, Himel AR, Dungey A, Vick KD, Grayson BE. Whole genome transcriptome analysis of the stomach resected in human vertical sleeve gastrectomy: cutting more than calories. Physiol Genomics 2021; 53:193-205. [PMID: 33870723 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00082.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) is a surgical weight loss procedure that resects 80% of the stomach, creating a tube linking the esophagus to the duodenum. Because of the efficacy and relative simplicity of VSG, it is preferred in the United States, with VSG currently at >61% of bariatric surgeries performed. Surprisingly, there has never been a complete molecular characterization of the human stomach greater curvature's fundus and corpus. Here we compare and contrast the molecular makeup of these regions. We performed a prospective cohort study to obtain gastric tissue samples from patients undergoing elective VSG. Paired fundus and corpus samples were obtained. Whole genome transcriptome analysis was performed by RNA sequencing (N = 10), with key findings validated by qPCR (N = 24). Participants were primarily female (95.8%) and White (79.15%). Mean body mass index, body weight, and age were 46.1 kg/m2, 121.6 kg, and 43.29 yr, respectively. Overall, 432 gene transcripts were significantly different between the fundus and the corpus (P < 0.05). A significant correlation was found between the RNA sequencing dataset and qPCR validation, demonstrating robust gene expression differences between the fundus and the corpus. Significant genes included progastricsin, acidic chitinase, and gastokine 1 and 2 in both the fundus and the corpus. Of the very highly expressed genes in both regions, 87% were present in both the stomach's fundus and corpus, indicating substantial overlap. Despite significant overlap in the greater curvature gene signature, regional differences exist within the fundus and the corpus. Given that the mechanism of VSG is partly unresolved, the potential that the resected tissue may express genes that influence long-term body weight regulation is unknown and could influence VSG outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Dungan
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Bradley A Welch
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - William J Lawson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Alexandra R Himel
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Adam Dungey
- Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Kenneth D Vick
- Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Bernadette E Grayson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dietary factors have been linked to cancers. This review focuses on several nutrients, which have strong evidence showing increase in cancer risks in the esophagus and stomach. RECENT FINDINGS Obesity is an important risk factor in upper gastrointestinal cancers. High sugar content in food and sugary drinks are the main drivers of obesity. Proinflammatory diet is another dietary factor, which is increasingly recognized as being associated with esophageal and gastric cancer. SUMMARY Cancer has been predicted to be the leading cause of death in this century. Cancers of the esophagus and stomach are the six and third most common cause of death worldwide. Although Helicobacter pylori infection is a known cause of gastric cancer, obesity is a leading contributor to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Epidemiological data have shown that dietary factors are associated with the two cancers. Observational, case control, animal and recent large cohort studies have identified associations between dietary factors and upper gastrointestinal cancer. Data are also emerging from studies, which look at dietary patterns, such as reduction in the Dietary Inflammatory Index, as well as adherence to a modified Mediterranean diet, and its association with the incidence of esophageal and gastric cancer.
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26
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Moodi M, Tavakoli T, Tahergorabi Z. Crossroad between Obesity and Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Interventions. Int J Prev Med 2021; 12:18. [PMID: 34084315 PMCID: PMC8106288 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_266_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is increasing worldwide, and in the past decade, cancer had entered the list of chronic debilitating diseases whose risk is substantially increased by hypernutrition. Obesity may increase the risk of cancer by the imbalance of various mechanisms including insulin and insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF-I) signaling, systemic inflammation, immune dysregulation, tumor angiogenesis, adipokines secretion, and intestinal microbiota that usually act interdependently. An increased understanding of the mechanisms underlying obesity-GI cancer link can provide multiple opportunities for cancer prevention. This review discusses various mechanisms involved molecular mechanisms linking obesity with GI cancers including esophagus, stomach, colorectal and hepatocellular. Furthermore, an optional intervention such as diet restriction and exercise is described, which may be preventive or therapeutic in GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Moodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Tavakoli
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Gasteroenterology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zoya Tahergorabi
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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27
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Tang X, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Lei F, Liu Q, Hu D, Li G, Song G. Transition Patterns of Weight Status and Their Predictive Lipid Markers Among Chinese Adults: A Longitudinal Cohort Study Using the Multistate Markov Model. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:2661-2671. [PMID: 34163194 PMCID: PMC8215687 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s308913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is well recognized as a risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases. The development of obesity is a dynamic process that can be described as a multistate process with an emphasis on transitions between weight states. However, it is still unclear what convenient biomarkers predict transitions between weight states. The aim of this study was to show the dynamic nature of weight status in adults stratified by age and sex and to explore blood markers of metabolic syndrome (MetS) that predict transitions between weight states. METHODS This study involved 9795 individuals aged 18 to 56 at study entry who underwent at least two health check-ups in the eight-year period of study in the health check-up centre of our institution. Weight, height and biochemical indices were measured at each check-up. The participants were divided into four groups based on age and sex (young male, middle-aged male, young female and middle-aged female groups). A multistate Markov model containing 3 states (healthy weight, overweight and obesity) was adopted to study the longitudinal weight data. RESULTS Young people were more likely to transit between weight states than middle-aged people, and middle-aged people were more resistant to recover from worse states. The mean sojourn time in obesity was greatest in the middle-aged male group (6.23 years), and the predicted rate of obesity beginning with healthy weight was greatest in the young male group (13.7%). In multivariate models, age group and triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels were significant for specific transitions in females, whereas age group and HDL levels were significant in males. In females, if HDL levels increased 1 mmol/L, the probability of progression from healthy weight to overweight decreased by 37.0% (HR= 0.63), and the probabilities of recovery (overweight to healthy weight and obesity to overweight) increased by 62.0% (HR= 1.62) and 1.23-fold (HR= 2.23), respectively. In males, if TG levels increased 1 mmol/L, the risk of progression from healthy weight to overweight increased by 24.0% (HR= 1.24). Each unit increase in HDL levels was associated with a 0.99-fold (HR= 1.99) increase in the chance of recovery from overweight to healthy weight and with a 0.37-fold (HR= 0.63) decrease in the risk of progression from healthy weight to overweight. CONCLUSION The weight status of young people was less stable than that of middle-aged people. Males were more likely to become overweight and more resistant to recover from worse states than females. Young males with healthy weight were more likely to develop obesity than other healthy weight groups. Blood lipid levels, especially HDL, were predictors of weight transitions in adults. Prevention and intervention measures should be applied early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongya Zhang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanxiang Zhao
- Department of Mathematics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Fang Lei
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qigui Liu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Hu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guorong Li
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116044, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guirong Song
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116044, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Guirong Song Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 South Road, Lvshun District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116044, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-411-86110328 Email
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28
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Li C, Li J, He F, Li K, Li X, Zhang Y. Matrix Gla protein regulates adipogenesis and is serum marker of visceral adiposity. Adipocyte 2020; 9:68-76. [PMID: 32000575 PMCID: PMC6999844 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1721692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is a potent calcification inhibitor. Mgp-/- mice display increased proportion of brown adipose tissue. However, whether MGP is involved in fat metabolism remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the involvement. Methods Expression of adipocyte differentiation markers was examined by RT-qPCR. Adipocyte formation was assessed by Oil Red staining. Serum triglyceride, cholesterol, and desphosphorylated-uncarboxylated MGP (dp-ucMGP) were quantified by ELISA. Visceral fat was detected by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results MGP is highly expressed in visceral fat. MGP expression is induced during preadipocyte differentiation. Knockout of MGP leads to retardation of 3T3-L1 differentiation. Intracellular triglyceride amount is impaired while glycerol release is increased in MGP-depleted cells. Serum dp-ucMGP level is significantly increased in individual with higher visceral fat index (VFI) and waist height ratio (WHtR), but not body mass index (BMI). Additionally, dp-ucMGP positively correlates to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level. Conclusions MGP is involved in fat metabolism and serum inactive MGP level is associated with visceral fat. Our study uncovers for the first time the link between MGP and fat metabolism, and sheds light on the potential of dp-ucMGP as a novel serum marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaomin Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang He
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Laboratory, ShanXi Mineral Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
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Impact of Body Composition on the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence After Liver Transplantation. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101672. [PMID: 31614892 PMCID: PMC6832484 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body composition parameters are reported to influence the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after liver resection, yet data on patients undergoing liver transplantation are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the amount of abdominal adipose tissue and skeletal muscles on the risk of HCC recurrence after liver transplantation. METHODS This was a retrospective observational study performed on 77 HCC patients after liver transplantation. Subcutaneous fat area (SFA), visceral fat area, psoas muscle area and total skeletal muscle area were assessed on computed tomography on the level of L3 vertebra and divided by square meters of patient height. The primary outcome measure was five-year recurrence-free survival. RESULTS Recurrence-free survival in the entire cohort was 95.7%, 90.8%, and 86.5% after one, three, and five years post-transplantation, respectively. SFA was significantly associated with the risk of HCC recurrence (p = 0.013), whereas no significant effects were found for visceral fat and skeletal muscle indices. The optimal cut-off for SFA for prediction of recurrence was 71.5 cm2/m2. Patients with SFA < 71.5 cm2/m2 and ≥71.5 cm2/m2 exhibited five-year recurrence-free survival of 96.0% and 55.4%, respectively (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Excessive amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue is a risk factor for HCC recurrence after liver transplantation and may be considered in patient selection process.
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