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Cui G, Wang C, Liu J, Shon K, Gu R, Chang C, Ren L, Wei F, Sun Z. Development of an exosome-related and immune microenvironment prognostic signature in colon adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:995644. [PMID: 36176299 PMCID: PMC9513147 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.995644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The correlation between exosomes and the tumor immune microenvironment has been proved to affect tumorigenesis and progression of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). However, it remained unclear whether exosomes had an impact on the prognostic indications of COAD patients.Methods: Expression of exosome-related genes (ERGs) and clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The ERGs associated with prognosis were identified and exosome-related prognostic signature was constructed. Patients in two risk groups were classified according to the risk score calculation formula: Risk score = 1.0132 * CCKBR + 0.2416 * HOXC6 + 0.7618 * POU4F1. The expression of three ERGs was investigated by qRT-PCR. After that, we developed a nomogram predicting the likelihood of survival and verified its predictive efficiency. The differences of tumor immune microenvironment, immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint and sensitivity to drugs in two risk groups were analyzed.Results: A prognostic signature was established based on the three ERGs (CCKBR, HOXC6, and POU4F1) and patients with different risk group were distinguished. Survival analysis revealed the negative associated of risk score and prognosis, ROC curve analyses showed the accuracy of this signature. Three ERGs expression was investigated by qRT-PCR in three colorectal cancer cell lines. Moreover, risk score was positively correlated with tumor mutational burden (TMB), immune activities, microsatellite instability level, the expression of immune checkpoint genes. Meanwhile, the expression level of three ERGs and the risk score were markedly related with the sensitive response to chemotherapy.Conclusion: The novel signature composed of three ERGs with precise predictive capabilities can be used to predict prognosis and provide a promising therapeutic target for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinhui Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kinyu Shon
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Wei, ; Zhiguang Sun,
| | - Renjun Gu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lang Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Wei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Wei, ; Zhiguang Sun,
| | - Zhiguang Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Wei, ; Zhiguang Sun,
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Yu M, Yu S, Zhou W, Yi B, Liu Y. HOXC6/8/10/13 predict poor prognosis and associate with immune infiltrations in glioblastoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108293. [PMID: 34763232 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM), characterized by deregulated cell proliferation and immune cells infiltration, is a common and lethal tumor of the central nervous system. Recently, the infiltration of immune cells has attracted attention as a potential novel GBM immunotherapy option. Homeobox C cluster (HOXC) is an evolutionarily conserved family of transcriptional factors that are involved in embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, the correlations of HOXCs with the prognosis and immune infiltration of GBM remain blurred. METHODS The RNA-seq data with corresponding clinical characteristics were downloaded from TCGA and GTEx databases. The correlations between HOXCs and clinical characteristics were calculated using univariable and multivariate Cox regression. R language with ggplot2, survminer, survival, GSVA, and pROC packages were employed to analyze the data and present the plots. MethSurv, UALCAN and cBioPortal were employed to evaluate the DNA methylation and mutation status of HOXCs in GBM. We also verified the expression and prognosis of HOXCs by qPCR and immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 36 patients. RESULTS We identified that HOXC6/8/10/13 were crucial biomarkers for diagnosis and prognostic judgement in GBM. Gene set variation analysis revealed that levels of expression of HOXCs were associated with the infiltration of various immune cells. The qPCR and immunohistochemistry data validated the prognostic values of HOXC6/8/10/13 in GBM. Finally, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that HOXCs might be involved in DNA-binding transcription activator activity and the apelin signaling pathway. CONCLUSION This research highlights that HOXC6/8/10/13 are involved in the immune infiltrates, also provide potential clinical utility as therapeutic targets in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China; Gamma Knife Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijia Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Pain Management, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116033, People's Republic of China
| | - Bolong Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.
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Cai G, Yang Q, Sun W. RSF1 in cancer: interactions and functions. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:315. [PMID: 34147108 PMCID: PMC8214769 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RSF1, remodelling and spacing factor 1, is an important interphase centromere protein and is overexpressed in many types of cancers and correlated with poor overall survival. RSF1 has functions mainly in maintaining chromosome stability, facilitating DNA repair, maintaining the protein homeostasis of RSF1 and suppressing the transcription of some oncogenes when RSF1 protein is expressed at an optimal level; however, RSF1 overexpression facilitates drug resistance and cell cycle checkpoint inhibition to prompt cancer proliferation and survival. The RSF1 expression level and gene background are crucial for RSF1 functions, which may explain why RSF1 has different functions in different cancer types. This review summarizes the functional domains of RSF1, the overexpression status of RSF1 and SNF2H in cancer based on the TCGA and GTEX databases, the cancer-related functions of RSF1 in interacting with H2Aub, HDAC1, CENP-A, PLK1, ATM, CENP-S, SNF2H, HBX, BubR1, cyclin E1, CBP and NF-κB and the potential clinical value of RSF1, which will lay a theoretical foundation for the structural biology study of RSF1 and application of RSF1 inhibitors, truncated RSF1 proteins and SNF2H inhibitors in the treatment of RSF1-overexpressing tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyang Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Jin X, Dai L, Ma Y, Wang J, Yan H, Jin Y, Zhu X, Liu Z. Homeobox proteins are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:866. [PMID: 32907552 PMCID: PMC7487678 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of studies have described the aberrant expression of homeobox (HOX) proteins in gastric cancer (GC), which is critically associated with the prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics of GC. This study was conducted to investigate the clinical value and action mechanisms of HOX proteins in GC. METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) with its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and the pooled odds ratio (OR) with its 95% CI were used to assess the effect of HOX protein expression on the prognosis and clinicopathological features of GC, respectively. RESULTS Nineteen studies containing 3775 patients were selected for this study. Heterogeneity among HRs of overall survival (OS) was markedly high (I2 = 90.5%, p = 0.000). According to the subgroup analysis, increased expression of HOX protein in the downregulated subgroup was associated with a good prognosis for patients with GC (pooled HR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.36-0.59, I2 = 3.1%, p = 0.377), while overexpression of HOX protein in the upregulated subgroup was correlated with a reduced OS (pooled HR: 2.59, 95% CI: 1.79-3.74, I2 = 73.5%, p = 0.000). The aberrant expression of HOX protein was crucially related to the TNM stage, depth of tumour invasion, tumour size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, vascular invasion, histological differentiation and Lauren classification in patients with GC. In addition, the molecular mechanisms by which HOX proteins regulate tumorigenesis and development of GC were also explored. CONCLUSIONS HOX proteins play vital roles in GC progression, which might serve as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jin
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Centre for Digestive Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210011, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Dai
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Centre for Digestive Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilan Ma
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Centre for Digestive Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayan Wang
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Centre for Digestive Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210011, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihao Yan
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Centre for Digestive Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Jin
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Centre for Digestive Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Centre for Digestive Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Centre for Digestive Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210011, People's Republic of China.
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Jung J, Jeong S, Jeong H, Oh HE, Choi JW, Lee ES, Kim YS, Kwak Y, Kim WH, Lee JH. Increased HOXC6 mRNA expression is a novel biomarker of gastric cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236811. [PMID: 32745141 PMCID: PMC7398522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular biomarkers that are pivotal for the development and progression of gastric cancer (GC). We analyzed clinical specimens using RNA sequencing to identify the target genes. We found that the expression of HOXC6 mRNA was upregulated with the progression of cancer, which was validated by quantitative real time PCR and RNA in-situ hybridization. To compare the protein expression of HOXC6, we evaluated GC and normal gastric tissue samples using western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. We detected significantly higher levels of HOXC6 in the GC tissues than in the normal controls at both mRNA and protein levels. The expression levels of HOXC6 mRNA in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) were significantly higher than those in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC). Kaplan-Meier curves showed that high expression of HOXC6 mRNA is significantly associated with poor clinical prognosis. Our findings suggest that HOXC6 mRNA may be a novel biomarker and can be potentially valuable in predicting the prognosis of GC patients. Especially, HOXC6 mRNA in-situ hybridization may be a diagnostic tool for predicting prognosis of individual GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoon Jung
- Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Jeong
- Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoiseon Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Eun Oh
- Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung Seok Lee
- Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sik Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjin Kwak
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Han Lee
- Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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