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Jeong J, Yeom SK, Choi IY, Cha SH, Han JS, Lee CH, Sung DJ, Choi JW, Bae JH, Choi H, Kim I, Benkert T, Weiland E. Deep learning image reconstruction of diffusion-weighted imaging in evaluation of prostate cancer focusing on its clinical implications. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2024; 14:3432-3446. [PMID: 38720859 PMCID: PMC11074768 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Image-based assessment of prostate cancer (PCa) is increasingly emphasized in the diagnostic workflow for selecting biopsy targets and possibly predicting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Assessment is based on Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) which is largely dependent on T2-weighted image (T2WI) and diffusion weighted image (DWI). This study aims to determine whether deep learning reconstruction (DLR) can improve the image quality of DWI and affect the assessment of PI-RADS ≥4 in patients with PCa. Methods In this retrospective study, 3.0T post-biopsy prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 70 patients with PCa in Korea University Ansan Hospital from November 2021 to July 2022 was reconstructed with and without using DLR. Four DWI image sets were made: (I) conventional DWI (CDWI): DWI with acceleration factor 2 and conventional parallel imaging reconstruction, (II) DL1: DWI with acceleration factor 2 using DLR, (III) DL2: DWI with acceleration factor 3 using DLR, and (IV) DL3: DWI with acceleration factor 3 and half average b-value using DLR. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were measured by one reviewer, while two reviewers independently assessed overall image quality, noise, and lesion conspicuity using a four-point visual scoring system from each DWI image set. Two reviewers also performed PI-RADSv2.1 scoring on lesions suspected of malignancy. Results A total of 70 patients (mean age, 70.8±9.7 years) were analyzed. The image acquisition time was 4:46 min for CDWI and DL1, 3:40 min for DL2, and 2:00 min for DL3. DL1 and DL2 images resulted in better lesion conspicuity compared to CDWI images assessed by both readers (P<0.05). DLR resulted in a significant increase in SNR, from 38.4±14.7 in CDWI to 56.9±21.0 in DL1. CNR increased from 25.1±11.5 in CDWI to 43.1±17.8 in DL1 (P<0.001). PI-RADS v2.1 scoring for PCa lesions was more agreeable with the DL1 reconstruction method than with CDWI (κ value CDWI, DL1; 0.40, 0.61, respectively). A statistically significant number of lesions were upgraded from PI-RADS <4 in CDWI image to PI-RADS ≥4 in DL1 images for both readers (P<0.05). Most of the PI-RADS upgraded lesions were from higher than unfavorable intermediate-risk groups according to the 2023 National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines with statistically significant difference of marginal probability in DL1 and DL2 for both readers (P<0.05). Conclusions DLR in DWI for PCa can provide options for improving image quality with a significant impact on PI-RADS evaluation or about a 23% reduction in acquisition time without compromising image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Suk Keu Yeom
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - In Young Choi
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Cha
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ji Sung Han
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Chang Hee Lee
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Deuk Jae Sung
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Bae
- Department of Urology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hangseok Choi
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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Lee HJ, Choi JW. Association between waist circumference change after smoking cessation and incidence of hypertension in Korean adults. Public Health 2024; 229:73-79. [PMID: 38402666 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates the association between smoking cessation and hypertension incidence, as well as the association between waist circumference change after smoking cessation and hypertension incidence. STUDY DESIGN This was a nationwide population-based cohort study. METHODS We used the Korean Health Screening Cohort data and included 158,505 participants who had undergone two or more health examinations between 2008 and 2011, with follow-ups throughout 2019. Smoking cessation and waist changes were captured based on difference between first and follow-up screening dates. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for hypertension risk were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS There were 31,270 cases of hypertension during a median follow-up of 8.50 years. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, HR for hypertension were 1.01 (95% CI: 0.97-1.05), 0.91 (95% CI: 0.87-0.95), and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.85-0.91) for recent quitters, long-term quitters, and non-smokers, respectively, compared with current smokers. HR for hypertension, compared with current smokers, were 0.89 (95% CI: 0.84-0.94), 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85-0.97), and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.91-1.08) for long-term quitters with no waist gain, long-term quitters with waist gain of 0.1-5.0 cm, and long-term quitters with waist gain of ≥5.0 cm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Long-term smoking cessation was significantly associated with decreased risk of hypertension, and long-term smoking cessation with no waist gain or less than 5.0 cm of waist gain was significantly associated with decreased risk of hypertension. However, more than 5.0 cm of waist gain can attenuate the effect of long-term smoking cessation on lowering the risk of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Lee
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Choi
- Health Insurance Research Institute, National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
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Choi JW, Park JW, Choi WJ. Effects of hip joint kinematics on the effective pelvis stiffness and hip impact force during simulated sideways falls. J Biomech 2024; 162:111885. [PMID: 38039920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Improved understanding is required on how hip fracture risk is influenced by landing configuration. We examined how hip impact dynamics was affected by hip joint kinematics during simulated sideways falls. Twelve young adults (7 males, 5 females) of mean age 23.5 (SD = 1.5) years, participated in pelvis release experiments. Trials were acquired with the hip flexed 15° and 30° for each of three hip rotations: +15° ("external rotation"), 0°, and -15° ("internal rotation"). During falls, force-deformation data of the pelvis were recorded. Outcome variables included the peak hip impact force (Fexperimental) and effective stiffness of the pelvis (k1st, ksecant, and kms) determined with different methods suggested in literature, and predicted hip impact force during a fall from standing height (F1st, Fsecant and Fms). The two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to test whether these variables were associated with hip joint angles. The Fexperimental, ksecant and Fsecant were associated with hip rotation (F = 5.587, p = 0.005; F = 9.278, p < 0.0005; F = 5.778, p = 0.004, respectively), and 15 %, 31 % and 17 % smaller in 15° external than internal rotation (848 versus 998 N; 24.6 versus 35.6 kN/m; 2,637 versus 3,170 N, respectively). However, none of the outcome variables were associated with hip flexion (p > 0.05). Furthermore, there were no interactions between the hip rotation and flexion for all outcome variables (p > 0.05). Our results provide insights on hip impact dynamics, which may help improve a hip model to assess hip fracture risk during a fall.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Choi
- Injury Prevention and Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - J W Park
- Injury Prevention and Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - W J Choi
- Injury Prevention and Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea.
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Park SM, Yoon HG, Lee DB, Choi JW, Kwon HY, Won C. Topological magnetic structure generation using VAE-GAN hybrid model and discriminator-driven latent sampling. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20377. [PMID: 37989882 PMCID: PMC10663506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, deep generative models using machine intelligence are widely utilized to investigate scientific systems by generating scientific data. In this study, we experiment with a hybrid model of a variational autoencoder (VAE) and a generative adversarial network (GAN) to generate a variety of plausible two-dimensional magnetic topological structure data. Due to the topological properties in the system, numerous and diverse metastable magnetic structures exist, and energy and topological barriers separate them. Thus, generating a variety of plausible spin structures avoiding those barrier states is a challenging problem. The VAE-GAN hybrid model can present an effective approach to this problem because it brings the advantages of both VAE's diversity and GAN's fidelity. It allows one to perform various applications including searching a desired sample from a variety of valid samples. Additionally, we perform a discriminator-driven latent sampling (DDLS) using our hybrid model to improve the quality of generated samples. We confirm that DDLS generates various plausible data with large coverage, following the topological rules of the target system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Park
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - H G Yoon
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - D B Lee
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
- Department of Battery-Smart Factory, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - J W Choi
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - H Y Kwon
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
| | - C Won
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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Lim HY, Kim SH, Choi JW, Chang SY, Kim GH, Kim IB, Nam YS, Lee JI. Optimal needle electromyography approach to the serratus anterior muscle. Muscle Nerve 2023; 68:303-307. [PMID: 37439385 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS There are two conventional needle electromyography (EMG) approaches to the serratus anterior (SA), both of which can result in erroneous insertion into adjacent structures such as the latissimus dorsi (LD), teres major, or external oblique abdominis muscles and pose a risk of long thoracic nerve (LTN) injury. Therefore, we identified a novel needle insertion point for the SA in cadavers that avoids other muscles and LTN injury. METHODS This study included 17 cadavers: 12 to devise the new method and 5 to verify its accuracy. Novel landmarks were the inferior angle of the scapula (I), sternal notch (S), and xiphoid process (X). The relationships of the LD, pectoralis major (PM), SA, and LTN were determined relative to these landmarks. RESULTS When inserting a needle into the proximal one third along the line connecting points I and X, there were adequate safety margins around the LD, PM, and LTN, and the new method had excellent accuracy. DISCUSSION Compared to the conventional midaxillary method, our novel method improved the accuracy of needle EMG of the SA. Follow-up studies using clinical imaging techniques are needed to verify whether above findings are equally applicable in living subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Young Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So-Youn Chang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ga Hye Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In-Beom Kim
- Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Nam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Jeollanamdo, Korea
| | - Jong In Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee DB, Yoon HG, Park SM, Choi JW, Chen G, Kwon HY, Won C. Super-resolution of magnetic systems using deep learning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11526. [PMID: 37460591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We construct a deep neural network to enhance the resolution of spin structure images formed by spontaneous symmetry breaking in the magnetic systems. Through the deep neural network, an image is expanded to a super-resolution image and reduced to the original image size to be fitted with the input feed image. The network does not require ground truth images in the training process. Therefore, it can be applied when low-resolution images are provided as training datasets, while high-resolution images are not obtainable due to the intrinsic limitation of microscope techniques. To show the usefulness of the network, we train the network with two types of simulated magnetic structure images; one is from self-organized maze patterns made of chiral magnetic structures, and the other is from magnetic domains separated by walls that are topological defects of the system. The network successfully generates high-resolution images highly correlated with the exact solutions in both cases. To investigate the effectiveness and the differences between datasets, we study the network's noise tolerance and compare the networks' reliabilities. The network is applied with experimental data obtained by magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy and spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Lee
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
- Department of Battery-Smart Factory, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - H G Yoon
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - S M Park
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - J W Choi
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - G Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - H Y Kwon
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
| | - C Won
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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Kook G, Jo Y, Oh C, Liang X, Kim J, Lee SM, Kim S, Choi JW, Lee HJ. Multifocal skull-compensated transcranial focused ultrasound system for neuromodulation applications based on acoustic holography. Microsyst Nanoeng 2023; 9:45. [PMID: 37056421 PMCID: PMC10085992 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00513-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation is a promising therapeutic modality for human brain disorders because of its noninvasiveness, long penetration depth, and versatile spatial control capability through beamforming and beam steering. However, the skull presents a major hurdle for successful applications of ultrasound stimulation. Specifically, skull-induced focal aberration limits the capability for accurate and versatile targeting of brain subregions. In addition, there lacks a fully functional preclinical neuromodulation system suitable to conduct behavioral studies. Here, we report a miniature ultrasound system for neuromodulation applications that is capable of highly accurate multiregion targeting based on acoustic holography. Our work includes the design and implementation of an acoustic lens for targeting brain regions with compensation for skull aberration through time-reversal recording and a phase conjugation mirror. Moreover, we utilize MEMS and 3D-printing technology to implement a 0.75-g lightweight neuromodulation system and present in vivo characterization of the packaged system in freely moving mice. This preclinical system is capable of accurately targeting the desired individual or multitude of brain regions, which will enable versatile and explorative behavior studies using ultrasound neuromodulation to facilitate widespread clinical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon Kook
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
| | - Yehhyun Jo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
| | - Chaerin Oh
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
| | - Xiaojia Liang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
| | - Jaewon Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
| | - Sang-Mok Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
| | - Subeen Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Jenny Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
- KAIST Institute for NanoCentury (KINC), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
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Kim YM, Park SW, Lee MJ, Jeon DY, Sa SJ, Jeong YD, Seong HS, Choi JW, Hochi S, Cho ES, Chung HJ. Profiling of differentially expressed proteins between fresh and frozen-thawed Duroc boar semen using ProteinChip CM10. J Anim Sci Technol 2023; 65:401-411. [PMID: 37093902 PMCID: PMC10119449 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have been conducted to improve technology for semen cryopreservation in pigs. However, computer-assisted analysis of sperm motility and morphology is insufficient to predict the molecular function of frozen-thawed semen. More accurate expression patterns of boar sperm proteins may be derived using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technique. In this study, the iTRAQ-labeling system was coupled with liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis to identify differentially expressed CM10-fractionated proteins between fresh and frozen-thawed boar semen. A total of 76 protein types were identified to be differentially expressed, among which 9 and 67 proteins showed higher and lower expression in frozen-thawed than in fresh sperm samples, respectively. The classified functions of these proteins included oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial inner membrane and matrix, and pyruvate metabolic processes, which are involved in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis; and sperm flagellum and motile cilium, which are involved in sperm tail structure. These results suggest a possible network of biomarkers associated with survival after the cryopreservation of Duroc boar semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Min Kim
- Planning and Coordination Division,
National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Park
- Swine Science Division, National Institute
of Animal Science, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Lee
- TNT Research, Doosan Venture
Digm, Anyang 14059, Korea
| | - Da-Yeon Jeon
- Swine Science Division, National Institute
of Animal Science, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Sa
- Swine Science Division, National Institute
of Animal Science, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Yong-Dae Jeong
- Swine Science Division, National Institute
of Animal Science, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Ha-Seung Seong
- Swine Science Division, National Institute
of Animal Science, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- Department of Animal Science, College of
Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon
24341, Korea
| | - Shinichi Hochi
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology,
Shinshu University, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Eun-Seok Cho
- Swine Science Division, National Institute
of Animal Science, Cheonan 31000, Korea
- Corresponding author: Eun-Seok Cho,
Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan 31000,
Korea. Tel: +82-41-580-3457, E-mail:
| | - Hak-Jae Chung
- Swine Science Division, National Institute
of Animal Science, Cheonan 31000, Korea
- Corresponding author: Hak-Jae Chung,
Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan 31000,
Korea. Tel: +82-41-580-3443, E-mail:
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He Y, Tiezzi F, Jiang J, Howard J, Huang Y, Gray K, Choi JW, Maltecca C. Exploring methods to summarize gut microbiota composition for microbiability estimation and phenotypic prediction in swine. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6623959. [PMID: 35775583 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial composition resemblance among individuals in a group can be summarized in a square covariance matrix and fitted in linear models. We investigated eight approaches to create the matrix that quantified the resemblance between animals based on the gut microbiota composition. We aimed to compare the performance of different methods in estimating trait microbiability and predicting growth and body composition traits in three pig breeds. This study included 651 purebred boars from either breed: Duroc (n = 205), Landrace (n = 226), and Large White (n = 220). Growth and body composition traits, including body weight (BW), ultrasound backfat thickness (BF), ultrasound loin depth (LD), and ultrasound intramuscular fat (IMF) content, were measured on live animals at the market weight (156 ± 2.5 days of age). Rectal swabs were taken from each animal at 158 ± 4 days of age and subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Eight methods were used to create the microbial similarity matrices, including four kernel functions (Linear Kernel, LK; Polynomial Kernel, PK; Gaussian Kernel, GK; Arc-cosine Kernel with one hidden layer, AK1), two dissimilarity methods (Bray-Curtis, BC; Jaccard, JA), and two ordination methods (Metric Multidimensional Scaling, MDS; Detrended Correspondence analysis, DCA). Based on the matrix used, microbiability estimates ranged from 0.07 to 0.21 and 0.12 to 0.53 for Duroc, 0.03 to 0.21 and 0.05 to 0.44 for Landrace, and 0.02 to 0.24 and 0.05 to 0.52 for Large White pigs averaged over traits in the model with sire, pen, and microbiome, and model with the only microbiome, respectively. The GK, JA, BC, and AK1 obtained greater microbiability estimates than the remaining methods across traits and breeds. Predictions were made within each breed group using four-fold cross-validation based on the relatedness of sires in each breed group. The prediction accuracy ranged from 0.03 to 0.18 for BW, 0.08 to 0.31 for BF, 0.21 to 0.48 for LD, and 0.04 to 0.16 for IMF when averaged across breeds. The BC, MDS, LK, and JA achieved better accuracy than other methods in most predictions. Overall, the PK and DCA exhibited the worst performance compared to other microbiability estimation and prediction methods. The current study shows how alternative approaches summarized the resemblance of gut microbiota composition among animals and contributed this information to variance component estimation and phenotypic prediction in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing He
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Francesco Tiezzi
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.,Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Firenze 50144, Italy
| | - Jicai Jiang
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Jeremy Howard
- Smithfield Premium Genetics, Rose Hill, NC 28458, USA
| | - Yijian Huang
- Smithfield Premium Genetics, Rose Hill, NC 28458, USA
| | - Kent Gray
- Smithfield Premium Genetics, Rose Hill, NC 28458, USA
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Division of Animal Resource Science 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Christian Maltecca
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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Han M, Choi JW, Jung WS, Lee JS. Isolated posterior inferior cerebellar artery dissection with ischaemic stroke: evaluating the radiological features and diagnostic feasibility of high-resolution vessel wall imaging. Clin Radiol 2022; 77:584-591. [PMID: 35676104 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the radiological features of isolated posterior inferior cerebellar artery dissection (PICAD) and the feasibility of using high-resolution vessel-wall imaging (HR-VWI) for diagnosing PICAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three hundred and nine patients with arterial dissection involving the posterior cerebral circulation, who underwent HR-VWI between March 2012 and July 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Among them, 44 patients (14.2%) were diagnosed with isolated PICAD in consensus among a neuroradiologist, a neurointerventionist, and a neurologist. Two neuroradiologists reviewed the vessel wall images independently for evidence of dissection (dissection flap, outer diameter enlargement on T2-weighted imaging [WI], mural haematoma). Diagnostic confidence was also scored on a five-point scale. Intra- and interobserver agreement for diagnosing PICAD and detecting evidence of dissection were evaluated. RESULTS Dissection flaps were seen on T2WI in all cases (100%) and on contrast-enhanced T1WI in 34 patients (79.1%). Outer diameter enlargement of the steno-occlusive lesions on angiography was detected in most cases (97.7%). A mural haematoma was detected on three-dimensional (3D) contrast-enhanced motion-sensitised driven-equilibrium T1WI in 97.1% of the cases. The mean diagnostic confidence score derived by two neuroradiologists was 4.72. The two reviewers showed substantial to almost perfect agreement (weighted kappa coefficient: 0.62-0.97). CONCLUSION Use of HR-VWI as a diagnostic tool for PICAD is feasible, and a dissection flap with outer wall enlargement on HR-T2WI allows confident dissection diagnosis. The present data suggest that PICAD might be considered as a stroke aetiology in patients with unexplained ischaemic stroke in the PICA territory, and that PICA evaluation with HR-VWI is both necessary and feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Han
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Choi
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - W S Jung
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Lee
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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11
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Shin JH, Seo BG, Lee IW, Kim HJ, Seo EC, Lee KM, Jeon SB, Baek SK, Kim TS, Lee JH, Choi JW, Hwangbo C, Lee JH. Functional Characterization of Endothelial Cells Differentiated from Porcine Epiblast Stem Cells. Cells 2022; 11:1524. [PMID: 35563830 PMCID: PMC9104949 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs), lining blood vessels' lumen, play an essential role in regulating vascular functions. As multifunctional components of vascular structures, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are the promising source for potential therapeutic applications in various vascular diseases. Our laboratory has previously established an approach for differentiating porcine epiblast stem cells (pEpiSCs) into ECs, representing an alternative and potentially superior cell source. However, the condition of pEpiSCs-derived ECs growth has yet to be determined, and whether pEpiSCs differentiate into functional ECs remained unclear. Changes in morphology, proliferation and functional endothelial marker were assessed in pEpiSCs-derived ECs in vitro. pEpiSCs-derived ECs were subjected to magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) to collect CD-31+ of ECs. We found that sorted ECs showed the highest proliferation rate in differentiation media in primary culture and M199 media in the subculture. Next, sorted ECs were examined for their ability to act as typical vascular ECs through capillary-like structure formation assay, Dil-acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Dil-Ac-LDL) uptake, and three-dimensional spheroid sprouting. Consequently, pEpiSCs-derived ECs function as typical vascular ECs, indicating that pEpiSC-derived ECs might be used to develop cell therapeutics for vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Hong Shin
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.-H.S.); (I.-W.L.); (S.-B.J.); (S.-K.B.); (T.-S.K.)
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), PMBBRC and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (B.-G.S.); (H.-J.K.); (E.-C.S.); (K.-M.L.)
| | - Bo-Gyeong Seo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), PMBBRC and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (B.-G.S.); (H.-J.K.); (E.-C.S.); (K.-M.L.)
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - In-Won Lee
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.-H.S.); (I.-W.L.); (S.-B.J.); (S.-K.B.); (T.-S.K.)
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), PMBBRC and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (B.-G.S.); (H.-J.K.); (E.-C.S.); (K.-M.L.)
| | - Hyo-Jin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), PMBBRC and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (B.-G.S.); (H.-J.K.); (E.-C.S.); (K.-M.L.)
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Eun-Chan Seo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), PMBBRC and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (B.-G.S.); (H.-J.K.); (E.-C.S.); (K.-M.L.)
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Kwang-Min Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), PMBBRC and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (B.-G.S.); (H.-J.K.); (E.-C.S.); (K.-M.L.)
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Soo-Been Jeon
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.-H.S.); (I.-W.L.); (S.-B.J.); (S.-K.B.); (T.-S.K.)
| | - Sang-Ki Baek
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.-H.S.); (I.-W.L.); (S.-B.J.); (S.-K.B.); (T.-S.K.)
| | - Tae-Suk Kim
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.-H.S.); (I.-W.L.); (S.-B.J.); (S.-K.B.); (T.-S.K.)
| | - Jeong-Hyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24414, Korea;
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24414, Korea;
| | - Cheol Hwangbo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), PMBBRC and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (B.-G.S.); (H.-J.K.); (E.-C.S.); (K.-M.L.)
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Joon-Hee Lee
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.-H.S.); (I.-W.L.); (S.-B.J.); (S.-K.B.); (T.-S.K.)
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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12
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He Y, Tiezzi F, Jiang J, Howard JT, Huang Y, Gray K, Choi JW, Maltecca C. Use of Host Feeding Behavior and Gut Microbiome Data in Estimating Variance Components and Predicting Growth and Body Composition Traits in Swine. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050767. [PMID: 35627152 PMCID: PMC9140470 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of feeding behavior in conjunction with gut microbiome sampled at two growth stages in predicting growth and body composition traits of finishing pigs. Six hundred and fifty-one purebred boars of three breeds: Duroc (DR), Landrace (LR), and Large White (LW), were studied. Feeding activities were recorded individually from 99 to 163 days of age. The 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained from each pig at 123 ± 4 and 158 ± 4 days of age. When pigs reached market weight, body weight (BW), ultrasound backfat thickness (BF), ultrasound loin depth (LD), and ultrasound intramuscular fat (IMF) content were measured on live animals. Three models including feeding behavior (Model_FB), gut microbiota (Model_M), or both (Model_FB_M) as predictors, were investigated. Prediction accuracies were evaluated through cross-validation across genetic backgrounds using the leave-one-breed-out strategy and across rearing environments using the leave-one-room-out approach. The proportions of phenotypic variance of growth and body composition traits explained by feeding behavior ranged from 0.02 to 0.30, and from 0.20 to 0.52 when using gut microbiota composition. Overall prediction accuracy (averaged over traits and time points) of phenotypes was 0.24 and 0.33 for Model_FB, 0.27 and 0.19 for Model_M, and 0.40 and 0.35 for Model_FB_M for the across-breed and across-room scenarios, respectively. This study shows how feeding behavior and gut microbiota composition provide non-redundant information in predicting growth in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing He
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 120 W Broughton Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (J.J.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (F.T.)
| | - Francesco Tiezzi
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 120 W Broughton Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (J.J.); (C.M.)
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (F.T.)
| | - Jicai Jiang
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 120 W Broughton Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (J.J.); (C.M.)
| | - Jeremy T. Howard
- Smithfield Premium Genetics, Rose Hill, NC 28458, USA; (J.T.H.); (Y.H.); (K.G.)
| | - Yijian Huang
- Smithfield Premium Genetics, Rose Hill, NC 28458, USA; (J.T.H.); (Y.H.); (K.G.)
| | - Kent Gray
- Smithfield Premium Genetics, Rose Hill, NC 28458, USA; (J.T.H.); (Y.H.); (K.G.)
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Division of Animal Resource Science, 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Christian Maltecca
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 120 W Broughton Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (J.J.); (C.M.)
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An J, Oh HE, Kim H, Lee JH, Lee ES, Kim YS, Choi JW. Significance of Altered Fatty Acid Transporter Expressions in Uterine Cervical Cancer and Its Precursor Lesions. Anticancer Res 2022; 42:2131-2137. [PMID: 35347037 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-risk human papilloma virus (HR HPV) infection is a major factor leading to the development of uterine cervical cancer. Data suggest that alterations in lipid metabolism are related to the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. Specifically, the uptake of exogenous fatty acids and their intracellular storage in lipid droplets enables cancer cells to survive and adapt to the changing tumor environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared the immunohistochemical expression of fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4), and cluster of differentiation 36/fatty acid translocase (CD36/FAT) in normal cervical epithelium, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tissues of the uterine cervix. We also investigated the clinicopathological implications of these fatty acid transporters in SCC. RESULTS Compared with that in normal cervical tissues, the expression of FATP4 was lower in LSIL (p=0.002), HSIL (p=0.006), and SCC (p=0.001). In contrast, CD36 expression was higher in SCC tissues than in normal cervical tissues (p<0.001). In normal cervical tissues, HR HPV-infected lesions exhibited a decrease in FATP4 (p<0.001) and an increase of CD36 (p=0.134), compared to those that were not infected with HR HPV. High CD36 expression was associated with a shorter recurrence-free survival (p<0.001). However, high FATP4 levels showed no significant correlation with the clinicopathological parameters of SCC. CONCLUSION Altered expression levels of FATP4 and CD36 are unique features that might be related to HR HPV infection and promote tumorigenesis and progression of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsuk An
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Eun Oh
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Han Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung Seok Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sik Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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14
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Kim YM, Seong HS, Kim YS, Hong JK, Sa SJ, Lee J, Lee JH, Cho KH, Chung WH, Choi JW, Cho ES. Genome-Wide Assessment of a Korean Composite Pig Breed, Woori-Heukdon. Front Genet 2022; 13:779152. [PMID: 35186025 PMCID: PMC8847790 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.779152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A Korean synthetic pig breed, Woori-Heukdon (WRH; F3), was developed by crossing parental breeds (Korean native pig [KNP] and Korean Duroc [DUC]) with their crossbred populations (F1 and F2). This study in genome-wide assessed a total of 2,074 pigs which include the crossbred and the parental populations using the Illumina PorcineSNP60 BeadChip. After quality control of the initial datasets, we performed population structure, genetic diversity, and runs of homozygosity (ROH) analyses. Population structure analyses showed that crossbred populations were genetically influenced by the parental breeds according to their generation stage in the crossbreeding scheme. Moreover, principal component analysis showed the dispersed cluster of WRH, which might reflect introducing a new breeding group into the previous one. Expected heterozygosity values, which were used to assess genetic diversity, were .365, .349, .336, .330, and .211 for WRH, F2, F1, DUC, and KNP, respectively. The inbreeding coefficient based on ROH was the highest in KNP (.409), followed by WRH (.186), DUC (.178), F2 (.107), and F1 (.035). Moreover, the frequency of short ROH decreased according to the crossing stage (from F1 to WRH). Alternatively, the frequency of medium and long ROH increased, which indicated recent inbreeding in F2 and WRH. Furthermore, gene annotation of the ROH islands in WRH that might be inherited from their parental breeds revealed several interesting candidate genes that may be associated with adaptation, meat quality, production, and reproduction traits in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Min Kim
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, South Korea.,Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ha-Seung Seong
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, South Korea.,Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Young-Sin Kim
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Joon-Ki Hong
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Sa
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jungjae Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Jun-Hee Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Ho Cho
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Won-Hyong Chung
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Cho
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, South Korea
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15
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Choi JW, Lee Y, Kim H, Cho HY, Min SK, Kim YS. Coexpression of MCT1 and MCT4 in ALK-positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications. Am J Surg Pathol 2022; 46:241-248. [PMID: 34619707 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In solid tumors, glycolytic cancer or stromal cells export lactates through monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 4, while oxidative cancer or stromal cells take up lactates as metabolic fuels or signaling molecules through MCT1. CD147 acts as a chaperone of MCT1 or MCT4. Unlike solid tumors, malignant lymphomas have a peculiar tumor microenvironment. To investigate the metabolic phenotype of malignant lymphoma associated with lactate transport, we analyzed immunohistochemical expressions of MCT1, MCT4, and CD147 in 247 cases of various malignant lymphomas. Surprisingly, both MCT1 and MCT4 were diffusely expressed on tumor cell membranes in all cases (11/11, 100%) of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) (+) anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). In contrast, only MCT1 was diffusely expressed in tumor cells of ALK(-) ALCL, as well as in B-cell, natural killer/T-cell, T-cell, and classic Hodgkin lymphomas. In these lymphomas, MCT4 expression was mostly localized to adjacent stromal cells. The pattern of diffuse membranous MCT1 and partial MCT4 expressions in tumor cells was observed in 1 case each of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (1/15, 6.7%) and multiple myeloma (1/34, 2.9%). CD147 was diffusely expressed in all types of lymphoma tumor and/or stromal cells. In conclusion, ALK(+) ALCL has a unique metabolism showing high coexpression of MCT1 and MCT4 in tumor cells. Because only ALK(+) ALCL overexpresses MCT4, immunostaining for MCT4 together with ALK is very useful for differential diagnosis from ALK(-) ALCL or peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Moreover, dual targeting against MCT1 and MCT4 would be an appropriate therapeutic approach for ALK(+) ALCL.
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MESH Headings
- Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase/analysis
- Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase/genetics
- Basigin/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Clinical Decision-Making
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/enzymology
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/therapy
- Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters/analysis
- Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters/genetics
- Muscle Proteins/analysis
- Muscle Proteins/genetics
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prognosis
- Republic of Korea
- Symporters/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Woo Choi
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul
| | - Hyunchul Kim
- Department of Pathology, Cha University Ilsan Medical Center, Goyang
| | - Hyun Yee Cho
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul
| | - Soo Kee Min
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sik Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan
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Zhao ZJ, Ahn J, Lee D, Jeong CB, Kang M, Choi J, Bok M, Hwang S, Jeon S, Park S, Ko J, Chang KS, Choi JW, Park I, Jeong JH. Wafer-scale, highly uniform, and well-arrayed suspended nanostructures for enhancing the performance of electronic devices. Nanoscale 2022; 14:1136-1143. [PMID: 34989389 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07375c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Suspended nanostructures play an important role in enhancing the performance of a diverse group of nanodevices. However, realizing a good arrangement and suspension for nanostructures of various shapes remains a significant challenge. Herein, a rapid and simple method for fabricating wafer-scale, highly uniform, well-arrayed suspended nanostructures via nanowelding lithography is reported. Suspended nanostructures with various shapes (nanowires, nanoholes, nanomesh, and nanofilms) and materials (gold, silver, and palladium metals) were employed to demonstrate the applicability of our method. Moreover, gas sensors and thermoacoustic speakers with suspended nanowires outperformed those with unsuspended nanostructures. The proposed method is expected to help advance the development of future nanodevices based on suspended nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Zhao
- Institute of Smart City and Intelligent Transportation, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 999 Pidu District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junseong Ahn
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongheon Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Bae Jeong
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejion 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingu Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungrak Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moonjeong Bok
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soonhyoung Hwang
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sohee Jeon
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sooyeon Park
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Ko
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Soo Chang
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejion 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun-Ho Jeong
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
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Choi JW, Lee J, Lee Y, Seo JH, Hong KD. Preclinical testing of an anal bulking agent coated with a zwitterionic polymer in a fecal incontinence rat model. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:2708-2718. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02341a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fecal incontinence is a disabling condition in which the passage of fecal material cannot be controlled. Although the condition is not life-threatening, it can seriously reduce the quality of life...
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18
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Lee DB, Yoon HG, Park SM, Choi JW, Kwon HY, Won C. Estimating the effective fields of spin configurations using a deep learning technique. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22937. [PMID: 34824339 PMCID: PMC8616938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of complicated magnetic domain structures induced by various spin-spin interactions in magnetic systems have been extensively investigated in recent years. To understand the statistical and dynamic properties of complex magnetic structures, it is crucial to obtain information on the effective field distribution over the structure, which is not directly provided by magnetization. In this study, we use a deep learning technique to estimate the effective fields of spin configurations. We construct a deep neural network and train it with spin configuration datasets generated by Monte Carlo simulation. We show that the trained network can successfully estimate the magnetic effective field even though we do not offer explicit Hamiltonian parameter values. The estimated effective field information is highly applicable; it is utilized to reduce noise, correct defects in the magnetization data, generate spin configurations, estimate external field responses, and interpret experimental images.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Lee
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - H G Yoon
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - S M Park
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - J W Choi
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - H Y Kwon
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
| | - C Won
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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19
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Lee J, Choi JW, Hong KD, Seo JH. Injectable polydimethylsiloxane microfiller coated with zwitterionic polymer for enhanced biocompatibility. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 210:112223. [PMID: 34838418 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Silicone-based fillers have been applied in several branches of medicine, such as soft tissue augmentation, because of their stability and durability. However, the inherently hydrophobic surfaces of silicone occasionally cause excessive deposition of the fibrous matrix in vivo, leading to severe fibrosis. In this study, we evaluated the use of a zwitterionic copolymer to offer a facile surface treatment method for silicone-based fillers and performed a preclinical trial of the formulation as-prepared. The copolymer has amphiphilic moieties, which act as macromolecular surfactants that can functionalize and stabilize the silicone particles during fabrication. The effectiveness and safety of the particle filler were evaluated histologically by scoring the peri-implant tissues into previously defined categories. Our results suggest that zwitterion-coated silicone fillers can inhibit protein adsorption, and thus, help attenuate foreign body reactions in a rat model. This demonstrates their potential for wide application in different fields within the discipline of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonbum Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123 Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15355, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang Dae Hong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123 Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15355, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Hun Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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20
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You HJ, Kim HK, Kim MS, Lee YH, Chung JH, Hwang NH, Kim DW, Choi JW, Lee JH. Establishment and characterization of two human cutaneous angiosarcoma cell lines, KU-CAS3 and KU-CAS5. Head Neck 2021; 44:7-17. [PMID: 34693591 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous angiosarcoma (CAS) is a rare but fatal cancer. Established CAS cell lines are necessary for the investigation of their properties and treatment options. METHODS Two cell lines, KU-CAS3 and KU-CAS5, were established from human angiosarcoma specimens obtained from the scalp. Flow cytometric assay, tube formation assay, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake assay, immunofluorescence analysis, real-time PCR, tumorigenesis assay, and STR analysis were conducted. RESULTS The cells showed endothelial cell properties, based on the cobblestone appearance upon reaching confluence, CD31 positivity, tube-formation activity, active uptake of acetylated LDL, and vWF expression. The two cell lines expressed relatively high levels of adrenergic β2 receptor, and the VEGF1 and VEGF2 receptors. In the in vivo study, the growing neoplasms, confirmed as CAS, were identified as subcutaneous dark papules. KU-CAS cell lines were considered authentic based on STR profiling. CONCLUSIONS KU-CAS3 and KU-CAS5 are the first human CAS cell lines having tumorigenic potential in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hi-Jin You
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Medicine, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyu Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Medicine, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Min-Sook Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Medicine, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Yun-Hwan Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Medicine, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Medicine, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Na-Hyun Hwang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Medicine, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Deok-Woo Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Korea University Medicine, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Medicine, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Ju-Han Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Medicine, Ansan, South Korea
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21
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Jang SH, Sohn SI, Park H, Lee SJ, Kim YW, Hong JM, Kim CH, Choi JW, Kang DH, Kim YS, Hwang YH, Lee JS, Hong JH. The Safety of Intra-arterial Tirofiban during Endovascular Therapy after Intravenous Thrombolysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1633-1637. [PMID: 34301637 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The safety and efficacy of tirofiban during endovascular therapy in patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant IV tPA remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of intra-arterial tirofiban use during endovascular therapy in patients treated with IV tPA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a multicenter registry, we enrolled patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent endovascular therapy. Safety outcomes included postprocedural parenchymal hematoma type 2 and/or thick subarachnoid hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, and 3-month mortality. Efficacy outcomes included the successful reperfusion rate, postprocedural reocclusion, and good outcomes at 3 months (mRS scores of 0-2). The tirofiban effect on the outcomes was evaluated using a multivariable analysis while adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Among enrolled patients, we identified 314 patients with stroke (279 and 35 patients in the no tirofiban and tirofiban groups, respectively) due to an intracranial artery occlusion who underwent endovascular therapy with intravenous thrombolysis. A multivariable analysis revealed no association of intra-arterial tirofiban with postprocedural parenchymal hematoma type and/or thick subarachnoid hemorrhage (adjusted OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.20-4.10; P = .918), intraventricular hemorrhage (adjusted OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.02-2.85; P = .467), and 3-month mortality (adjusted OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.04-1.87; P = .299). Intra-arterial tirofiban was not associated with good outcome (adjusted OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 0.89 -6.12; P = .099). CONCLUSIONS Using intra-arterial tirofiban during endovascular therapy after IV tPA could be safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jang
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.H.J., S.-I.S., H.P., J.-H.H.)
| | - S-I Sohn
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.H.J., S.-I.S., H.P., J.-H.H.)
| | - H Park
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.H.J., S.-I.S., H.P., J.-H.H.)
| | - S-J Lee
- Department of Neurology (S.-J.L., J.M.H., J.S.L.)
| | - Y-W Kim
- Department of Neurology (Y.-W.K., Y.-H.H.)
| | - J M Hong
- Department of Neurology (S.-J.L., J.M.H., J.S.L.)
| | - C-H Kim
- Neurosurgery (C.-H.K.), School of Medicine Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - J W Choi
- Radiology (J.W.C.), School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | - Y-S Kim
- Radiology (Y.-S.K.), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Y-H Hwang
- Department of Neurology (Y.-W.K., Y.-H.H.)
| | - J S Lee
- Department of Neurology (S.-J.L., J.M.H., J.S.L.)
| | - J-H Hong
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.H.J., S.-I.S., H.P., J.-H.H.)
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22
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Baek SK, Jeon SB, Seo BG, Hwangbo C, Shin KC, Choi JW, An CS, Jeong MA, Kim TS, Lee JH. The Presence or Absence of Alkaline Phosphatase Activity to Discriminate Pluripotency Characteristics in Porcine Epiblast Stem Cell-Like Cells. Cell Reprogram 2021; 23:221-238. [PMID: 34227846 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2021.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine embryonic stem cells (pESCs) would provide potentials for agricultural- and biotechnological-related applications. However, authentic pESCs have not been established yet because standards for porcine stem cell-specific markers and culture conditions are not clear. Therefore, the present study reports attempts to derive pluripotent epiblast stem cells either from in vitro or in vivo derived porcine embryos. Nine epiblast cell lines (seven lines from Berkshire and two lines from Duroc) could only be isolated from day 9- to 9.5-old in vivo derived early conceptuses. Pluripotency features were analyzed in relation to the presence or absence of alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity. Interestingly, the mRNA expression of several marker genes for pluripotency or epiblast was different between putative epiblast stem cells of the two groups [AP-positive (+) pEpiSC-like cell 2 line and AP-negative (-) pEpiSC-like cell 8 line]. For example, expressions of OCT-3/4, NANOG, SOX2, c-MYC, FGF2, and NODAL in AP-negative (-) porcine epiblast stem cell (pEpiSC)-like cells were higher than those in AP-positive (+) pEpiSC-like cells. Expression of surface markers differed between the two groups to some extent. SSEA-1 was strongly expressed only in AP-negative (-) pEpiSC-like cells, whereas AP-positive (+) pEpiSC-like cells did not express. In addition, we report to have some differences in the in vitro differentiation capacity between AP-positive (+) and AP-negative (-) epiblast cell lines. Primary embryonic germ layer markers (cardiac actin, nestin, and GATA 6) and primordial germ cell markers (Dazl and Vasa) were strongly expressed in embryoid bodies (EBs) aggregated from AP-negative (-) pEpiSC-like cells, whereas EBs aggregated from AP-positive (+) pEpiSCs did not show expression of primary embryonic germ layers and primordial germ cell markers except GATA 6. These results indicate that pEpiSC-like cells display different pluripotency characteristics in relation to AP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ki Baek
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Been Jeon
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Gyeong Seo
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Hwangbo
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum-Chul Shin
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Forest Environmental Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seop An
- Gyeongsangnamdo Livestock Experiment Station, Sancheong, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Jeong
- Gyeongsangnamdo Livestock Experiment Station, Sancheong, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Suk Kim
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Hee Lee
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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23
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Lee D, Jo B, Choi JW. Direction-of-arrival estimation with blind surface impedance compensation for spherical microphone array. JASA Express Lett 2021; 1:074801. [PMID: 36154651 DOI: 10.1121/10.0005640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation from spherical microphone array data requires mode strength compensation for removing the dependency on the array surface impedance. However, in practice, mismatches exist in the actual and modeled surface impedances and degrade the DoA estimation performance. Herein, a non-parametric beamformer that can accurately estimate DoAs under the mode strength mismatch is proposed. The technique utilizes a block-diagonal covariance matrix and order-dependent normalization of spherical harmonic coefficients. The proposed method tested for various surface impedance mismatches and DoAs shows robust estimation performance with reduced dependency on the array surface impedance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongheon Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea , ,
| | - Byeongho Jo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea , ,
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea , ,
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24
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Jung J, Jeong H, Choi JW, Kim HS, Oh HE, Lee ES, Kim YS, Lee JH. Increased expression levels of AURKA and KIFC1 are promising predictors of progression and poor survival associated with gastric cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 224:153524. [PMID: 34148003 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Increased cell proliferation is a critical hallmark of cancer development and progression. The proliferation of tumor cells depends on mitotic deregulation. Here, we identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in gastric cancer (GC) through RNA sequencing data and bioinformatics analysis. Subsequent functional and pathway enrichment analyses showed that the screened DEGs were enriched in the mitosis-associated pathway. Based on the analysis results, we selected two signatures (aurora kinase A [AURKA] and kinesin family member C1 [KIFC1]) to determine their clinicopathological significance. The results showed a significant positive correlation between AURKA and KIFC1 expression both at the mRNA and protein levels. AURKA expression was positively correlated with distant metastases (p = 0.032) and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (p = 0.001). Elevated KIFC1 expression was significantly associated with tumor size (p = 0.029), depth of invasion (p < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001), distant metastasis (p = 0.023), and TNM stage (p < 0.001). Higher AURKA (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.3, p < 0.001) and KIFC1 (HR = 1.41, p < 0.001) mRNA levels were also significantly correlated with poor overall survival. Thus, AURKA and KIFC1 could serve as potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoon Jung
- Department of Pathology, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Simgok-Ro, 100 Gil, Seo-Gu, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hoiseon Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-Ro, Danwon-Gu, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-Ro, Danwon-Gu, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-Ro, Danwon-Gu, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Eun Oh
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-Ro, Danwon-Gu, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung Seok Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-Ro, Danwon-Gu, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sik Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-Ro, Danwon-Gu, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Han Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-Ro, Danwon-Gu, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 15355, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Jeon SB, Seo BG, Baek SK, Lee HG, Shin JH, Lee IW, Kim HJ, Moon SY, Shin KC, Choi JW, Kim TS, Lee JH, Hwangbo C. Endothelial Cells Differentiated from Porcine Epiblast Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2021; 23:89-98. [PMID: 33861642 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2020.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have the ability of self-renewal that can retain the characteristics of the mother cell, and of pluripotency that can differentiate into several body types. PSCs typically include embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from the inner cell mass of the preimplantation embryo, and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) derived from the epiblast of postimplantation embryo. Although PSCs are able to be used by differentiation into endothelial cells as a potential treatment for vascular diseases, human ESCs and induced PSCs (iPSCs) are followed by ethical and safety issues. Pigs are anatomically and physiologically similar to humans. Therefore, the goal of this study was to establish an efficient protocol that differentiates porcine EpiSCs (pEpiSCs) into the endothelial cells for applying the treatment of human vascular diseases. As a result, alkaline phosphatase (AP)-negative (-) pEpiSCs cultured in endothelial cell growth basal medium-2 (EBM-2) differentiation medium in association with 50 ng/mL of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for 8 days were changed morphologically like the feature of endothelial cells, and expression of pluripotency-associated markers (OCT-3/4, NANOG, SOX2, and C-MYC) in porcine differentiated cells was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Additionally, when pEpiSCs were cultured in EBM-2 + 50 ng/mL of VEGF, porcine differentiated cells represented a common endothelial cell marker positive (CD31+) but monocytes and lymphocytes marker negative (CD45-). Therefore, these results indicated that pEpiSCs cultured in EBM-2 + 50 ng/mL of VEGF culture condition were efficiently differentiated into endothelial cells for the treatment of blood vessel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Been Jeon
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Gyeong Seo
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), PMBBRC and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Geongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ki Baek
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Geun Lee
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Hong Shin
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Won Lee
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Kim
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), PMBBRC and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Geongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Moon
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), PMBBRC and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Geongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum-Chul Shin
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Forest Environmental Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Suk Kim
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Hee Lee
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Hwangbo
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), PMBBRC and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Geongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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26
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Jeong H, Oh HE, Kim H, Lee JH, Lee ES, Kim YS, Choi JW. Upregulation of Fatty Acid Transporters is Associated With Tumor Progression in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:594705. [PMID: 34257543 PMCID: PMC8262182 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.594705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
As patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) show a high degree of heterogeneity in tumor recurrence or progression, many clinicians demand a detailed risk stratification. Although modified fatty acid metabolism in cancer cells is reported to reflect malignant phenotypes such as metastasis, the impact of fatty acid transporters on NMIBC has never been investigated. This study examined the clinicopathologic implications of fatty acid transporters such as fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4), cluster of differentiation 36/fatty acid translocase (CD36/FAT), and long chain acyl CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) in 286 NMIBC cases. This study revealed that FATP4, CD36, and ACSL1 were overexpressed in 123 (43.0%), 43 (15.0%), and 35 (12.2%) NMIBC cases, respectively. High FATP4 in tumor cells was associated with high grade (p = 0.004) and high stage (p = 0.039). High CD36 was related to high grade (p < 0.001), high stage (p = 0.002), and non-papillary growth type (p = 0.004). High ACSL1 showed an association with high grade (p < 0.001), high stage (p = 0.01), non-papillary growth type (p = 0.002), and metastasis (p = 0.033). High FATP4 was an independent factor predicting short overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio = 3.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–10.31; p = 0.038). In conclusion, upregulation of FATP4, CD36, and ACSL1 might promote the NMIBC progression and could be exploited in clinical risk stratification and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoiseon Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Hwa Eun Oh
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Hyesun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Ju-Han Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Eung Seok Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Young-Sik Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
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27
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Kim JC, Kim YC, Choi JW. Use of hydrochlorothiazide and risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer in Koreans: a retrospective cohort study using administrative healthcare data. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 46:680-686. [PMID: 33215728 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of skin cancer is increasing because of the ageing population and ultraviolet exposure, and previous studies have revealed that long-term use of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), an antihypertensive agent, has been associated with an increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). However, the association of NMSC and HCTZ within East Asian populations is unclear. AIM To investigate the risk of NMSC in Korean subjects using HCTZ. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the administrative healthcare data. The study enrolled 62 243 patients exposed to HCTZ with a cumulative dose of ≥ 2500 mg and 62 243 unexposed subjects matched 1 : 1 with the patients for age, sex and income level. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the cumulative incidence of NMSC between the two groups (log-rank P < 0.01). Cox regression analysis was conducted after adjusting for potential confounders, and showed the risk for NMSC in the group exposed to HCTZ was significantly higher than that of the unexposed group (hazard ratio = 1.48; 95% CI 1.03-2.13). In the subgroup analysis, the oldest age group (≥ 70 years) showed increased cumulative incidence of NMSC with statistical significance compared with the unexposed control group (log-rank P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In this study, we revealed that the cumulative use of HCTZ (≥ 2500 mg) could increase the risk of NMSC in Koreans, especially the older age group. Thus, HCTZ could be a risk factor for NMSC in East Asian as well as white populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Y C Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - J W Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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28
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Jeon SW, Choi JW. Personal audio system for neckband headset with low computational complexity. J Acoust Soc Am 2020; 148:3913. [PMID: 33379876 DOI: 10.1121/10.0002941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Personal audio systems have been developed based on various approaches with the goal of synthesizing an isolated sound zone that avoids disturbing others in different locations. In this work, a near-field solution for a neckband headset using three loudspeakers positioned close to each ear is proposed. In particular, it is an attempt to derive a simple multichannel filter for reducing the computational cost in mobile devices. Unlike super-directive beamforming techniques, the controlled radiation pattern is not highly directional but can boost the near-field sound, thereby providing an extra sound level difference between the listener's ear locations and far-field surrounding areas. For this purpose, a multichannel filter is designed using a conventional pressure matching technique for reproducing a target signal at the ear location while suppressing sound radiation to a far-field. It is shown that the optimal filter weights can be successfully approximated in the form of a simple broadside differential array pattern. The simplified filter structure can be realized using only two second-order infinite impulse response filters for driving the middle and two side loudspeakers. Through various simulations and experiments, it is demonstrated that the proposed solution can effectively realize a personal audio system with a minimal loss of sound isolation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Woon Jeon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
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Kim YM, Seong HS, Lee JJ, Son DH, Kim JS, Sa SJ, Kim YS, Choi TJ, Cho KH, Hong JK, Choi JW, Cho ES. Genome-wide investigation of a Korean synthetic breed, Woori-Heukdon using the Illumina PorcineSNP60K BeadChip. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:1443-1453. [PMID: 33145727 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-01008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Woori-Heukdon (KWH) is a Korean synthetic pig breed generated using Chookjin-Duroc (KCD), Chookjin-Chamdon (KCC), and their crossbreds. Currently, there is a severe lack of studies investigating the Korean breed populations including wild boars (KWB) throughout the genome. OBJECTIVE This study was performed to investigate the genetic characteristics of Korean pig populations at the genome-wide level. METHODS Using the SNP dataset derived from genotyped and downloaded datasets using the Illumina PorcineSNP60K BeadChip, we compared the genomes of 532 individuals derived from 23 pig breeds to assess the genetic diversity, inbreeding coefficient, genetic differentiation, and population structure. RESULTS KWB showed the lowest average expected heterozygosity (HE = 0.1904), while KWH showed the highest genetic diversity (HE = 0.02859) among Korean populations. We verified that the genetic composition of KWH, showing USD of 74.8% and KCC of 25.2% in ADMIXTURE analysis. In population structure analyses, KCC was consistently shown to be separated from other pig populations. In addition, we observed gene flow from Western pigs to a part of Chinese populations. CONCLUSION This study showed that Korean native pigs, KCC have genetic differences in comparison with Chinese and Western pigs; despite some historical records and recent genetic studies, we could not find any clear evidence that KCC was significantly influenced by Chinese or Western breeds in this study. We also verified the theoretical genomic composition of KWH at the molecular level in structure analyses. To our knowledge, this is the first genomic study to investigate the genomic characteristics of KWH and KCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Min Kim
- Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, 331-801, Republic of Korea.,College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Seung Seong
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Jae Lee
- Jung P & C Institute, Inc., 1504 U-TOWER, Yongin, 16950, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Son
- Darby Genetics, Anseong, 7381-8, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Su Kim
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Sa
- Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, 331-801, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sin Kim
- Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, 331-801, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jeong Choi
- Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, 331-801, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Ho Cho
- Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, 331-801, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Ki Hong
- Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, 331-801, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Seok Cho
- Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, 331-801, Republic of Korea.
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Srikanth K, Kim NY, Park W, Kim JM, Kim KD, Lee KT, Son JH, Chai HH, Choi JW, Jang GW, Kim H, Ryu YC, Nam JW, Park JE, Kim JM, Lim D. Author Correction: Comprehensive genome and transcriptome analyses reveal genetic relationship, selection signature, and transcriptome landscape of small-sized Korean native Jeju horse. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18383. [PMID: 33087804 PMCID: PMC7577969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74979-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Srikanth
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Young Kim
- Subtropical Livestock Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeju-do, 63242, Republic of Korea
| | - WonCheoul Park
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Kyung-Tai Lee
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hwan Son
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ha Chai
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Gul-Won Jang
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- , C&K genomics, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Chul Ryu
- Division of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wu Nam
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Mo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Ansung-si, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dajeong Lim
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
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Kwon HY, Yoon HG, Lee C, Chen G, Liu K, Schmid AK, Wu YZ, Choi JW, Won C. Magnetic Hamiltonian parameter estimation using deep learning techniques. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/39/eabb0872. [PMID: 32978161 PMCID: PMC7518863 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb0872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding spin textures in magnetic systems is extremely important to the spintronics and it is vital to extrapolate the magnetic Hamiltonian parameters through the experimentally determined spin. It can provide a better complementary link between theories and experimental results. We demonstrate deep learning can quantify the magnetic Hamiltonian from magnetic domain images. To train the deep neural network, we generated domain configurations with Monte Carlo method. The errors from the estimations was analyzed with statistical methods and confirmed the network was successfully trained to relate the Hamiltonian parameters with magnetic structure characteristics. The network was applied to estimate experimentally observed domain images. The results are consistent with the reported results, which verifies the effectiveness of our methods. On the basis of our study, we anticipate that the deep learning techniques make a bridge to connect the experimental and theoretical approaches not only in magnetism but also throughout any scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Kwon
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea.
| | - H G Yoon
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - C Lee
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - G Chen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - K Liu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Physics Department, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - A K Schmid
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Y Z Wu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - J W Choi
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - C Won
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
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32
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Yang M, Li Q, Chopdekar RV, Dhall R, Turner J, Carlström JD, Ophus C, Klewe C, Shafer P, N'Diaye AT, Choi JW, Chen G, Wu YZ, Hwang C, Wang F, Qiu ZQ. Creation of skyrmions in van der Waals ferromagnet Fe 3GeTe 2 on (Co/Pd) n superlattice. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/36/eabb5157. [PMID: 32917619 PMCID: PMC7473669 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb5157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions are topological spin textures, which usually exist in noncentrosymmetric materials where the crystal inversion symmetry breaking generates the so-called Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. This requirement unfortunately excludes many important magnetic material classes, including the recently found two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials, which offer unprecedented opportunities for spintronic technology. Using photoemission electron microscopy and Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, we investigated and stabilized Néel-type magnetic skyrmion in vdW ferromagnetic Fe3GeTe2 on top of (Co/Pd) n in which the Fe3GeTe2 has a centrosymmetric crystal structure. We demonstrate that the magnetic coupling between the Fe3GeTe2 and the (Co/Pd) n could create skyrmions in Fe3GeTe2 without the need of an external magnetic field. Our results open exciting opportunities in spintronic research and the engineering of topologically protected nanoscale features by expanding the group of skyrmion host materials to include these previously unknown vdW magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Q Li
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - R V Chopdekar
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - R Dhall
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - J Turner
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - J D Carlström
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C Ophus
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C Klewe
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - P Shafer
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - A T N'Diaye
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - J W Choi
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - G Chen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Y Z Wu
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - C Hwang
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea
| | - F Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Z Q Qiu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Lee M, Hosseindoust A, Oh S, Ko H, Cho E, Sa S, Kim Y, Choi J, Kim J. Impact of an anti-Salmonella. Typhimurium Bacteriophage on intestinal microbiota and immunity status of laying hens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 105:952-959. [PMID: 32772452 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Typhoid is a distinct gastrointestinal disease that largely affects the public by consumption of inadequately or partially cooked eggs from contaminated laying hen farms. This has led the research on laying hens to focus on controlling the contamination by an effective anti-Salmonella spp. agent in the intestine. The treatments included, control, without challenge; PC, Salmonella typhimurium challenged (STC); BP5, 5 ppm bacteriophage/kg + STC; BP10, 10 ppm bacteriophage/kg + STC, on Salmonella shedding, body organs inflammatory reactions, and expression of toll-like receptor (TLR), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and heat shock protein (HSP) in the jejunum, liver,and thigh muscle in the STC laying hens. The RT-PCR method was used to enumerate the number of Salmonella typhimurium in the organs. The birds in the STC groups exhibited the increased population of Salmonella spp. in the excreta (p < .01). In the STC groups, the BP5 and BP10 laying hens exhibited a lower (p < .01) population of Salmonella spp. in the excreta at d 7 after STC. Supplementation of bacteriophage significantly decreased (p < .01) the colonization of S. Typhimurium in the spleen, oviduct, caecum and excreta. Among the STC treatments, the BP10 laying hens showed lower (p < .01) mRNA expression of interferon-γ (IFNγ) and TLR-4 in the jejunum compared with the PC treatment. After the STC, dietary supplementation with BP5 or BP10 decreased (p < .01) the mRNA expressions of IFNγ, HSP-27 and tumour necrosis factor-α in the liver compared with the PC treatment. These results suggest that bacteriophage can be used as an effective agent to decrease S. Typhimurium contamination in laying hens and possibly lower S. Typhimurium transfer to foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- MiJin Lee
- Poultry Science Division, Livestock Research Development, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan, Korea
| | | | - SeungMin Oh
- Gyeongsangbuk-do Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju, Korea
| | - HanSeo Ko
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - EunSeok Cho
- Poultry Science Division, Livestock Research Development, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan, Korea
| | - SooJin Sa
- Poultry Science Division, Livestock Research Development, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan, Korea
| | | | - JungWoo Choi
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - JinSoo Kim
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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34
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Choi JW, Lee ES. Response to 'The incidence and survival of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with vitiligo: a nationwide population-based matched cohort study in Korea'. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:1149-1150. [PMID: 32762038 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J W Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - E-S Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Jung J, Jeong S, Jeong H, Oh HE, Choi JW, Lee ES, Kim YS, Kwak Y, Kim WH, Lee JH. Increased HOXC6 mRNA expression is a novel biomarker of gastric cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236811. [PMID: 32745141 PMCID: PMC7398522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular biomarkers that are pivotal for the development and progression of gastric cancer (GC). We analyzed clinical specimens using RNA sequencing to identify the target genes. We found that the expression of HOXC6 mRNA was upregulated with the progression of cancer, which was validated by quantitative real time PCR and RNA in-situ hybridization. To compare the protein expression of HOXC6, we evaluated GC and normal gastric tissue samples using western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. We detected significantly higher levels of HOXC6 in the GC tissues than in the normal controls at both mRNA and protein levels. The expression levels of HOXC6 mRNA in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) were significantly higher than those in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC). Kaplan-Meier curves showed that high expression of HOXC6 mRNA is significantly associated with poor clinical prognosis. Our findings suggest that HOXC6 mRNA may be a novel biomarker and can be potentially valuable in predicting the prognosis of GC patients. Especially, HOXC6 mRNA in-situ hybridization may be a diagnostic tool for predicting prognosis of individual GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoon Jung
- Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Jeong
- Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoiseon Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Eun Oh
- Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung Seok Lee
- Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sik Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjin Kwak
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Han Lee
- Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Kim YS, Jung J, Jeong H, Oh HE, Lee JH, Lee ES, Choi JW. Protein expression profiles and prognostic value of E2F family members in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152880. [PMID: 32089412 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The derangement of the cell cycle facilitates uncontrolled cell proliferation and acquisition of genetic alterations favorable for malignancy. However, the protein expression profiles of E2 F family cell cycle regulators in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have not yet been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we aimed to examine the protein expression profiles and prognostic value of E2 F1, E2 F3, and E2 F4 in ccRCC cases. The immunohistochemical expression of E2 F1, E2 F3, and E2 F4 was quantitatively scored in 180 ccRCC tumor tissues and 79 normal kidney tissues. The prognostic implications of these E2 F members were determined. We found that ccRCC tumor cells showed higher nuclear expression of E2 F1, E2 F3 and E2 F4 than normal kidney samples. High E2 F1 and E2 F3 expression in tumor cells was associated with poor prognostic factors of ccRCC, whereas high E2 F4 correlated with beneficial prognostic factors. High expression of E2 F1 and E2 F3 in tumor cells was correlated with a poor overall and recurrence-free survival, while high E2 F4 expression did not. In conclusion, E2 F1, E2 F3 and E2 F4 may function as oncogenes during tumorigenesis of ccRCC, although they contribute to the progression of ccRCC in different ways. Additional studies are required to clarify the conflicting role of E2 F4 in the tumor evolution of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sik Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Jung
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoiseon Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Eun Oh
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Han Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung Seok Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
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Son DH, Hwang NH, Chung WH, Seong HS, Lim H, Cho ES, Choi JW, Kang KS, Kim YM. Whole-genome resequencing analysis of 20 Micro-pigs. Genes Genomics 2019; 42:263-272. [PMID: 31833050 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00891-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Miniature pigs have been increasingly used as mammalian model animals for biomedical research because of their similarity to human beings in terms of their metabolic features and proportional organ sizes. However, despite their importance, there is a severe lack of genome-wide studies on miniature pigs. OBJECTIVE In this study, we performed whole-genome sequencing analysis of 20 Micro-pigs obtained from Medi Kinetics to elucidate their genomic characteristics. RESULTS Approximately 595 gigabase pairs (Gb) of sequence reads were generated to be mapped to the swine reference genome assembly (Sus scrofa 10.2); on average, the sequence reads covered 99.15% of the reference genome at an average of 9.6-fold coverage. We detected a total of 19,518,548 SNPs, of which 8.7% were found to be novel. With further annotation of all of the SNPs, we retrieved 144,507 nonsynonymous SNPs (nsSNPs); of these, 5968 were found in all 20 individuals used in this study. SIFT prediction for these SNPs identified that 812 nsSNPs in 402 genes were deleterious. Among these 402 genes, we identified some genes that could potentially affect traits of interest in Micro-pigs, such as RHEB and FRAS1. Furthermore, we performed runs of homozygosity analysis to locate potential selection signatures in the genome, detecting several loci that might be involved in phenotypic characteristics in Micro-pigs, such as MSTN, GDF5, and GDF11. CONCLUSION In this study, we identified numerous nsSNPs that could be used as candidate genetic markers with involvement in traits of interest. Furthermore, we detected putative selection footprints that might be associated with recent selection applied to miniature pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Son
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyun Hwang
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Hyong Chung
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Research Group of Healthcare, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Seung Seong
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungbum Lim
- Medikinetics Co., Ltd, 4 Hansan-gil, Cheongbuk-eup, Pyeongtaek-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Cho
- Division of Swine Science, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Soo Kang
- Medikinetics Co., Ltd, 4 Hansan-gil, Cheongbuk-eup, Pyeongtaek-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Min Kim
- Division of Swine Science, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea.
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Gao N, Je SG, Im MY, Choi JW, Yang M, Li Q, Wang TY, Lee S, Han HS, Lee KS, Chao W, Hwang C, Li J, Qiu ZQ. Creation and annihilation of topological meron pairs in in-plane magnetized films. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5603. [PMID: 31811144 PMCID: PMC6898613 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Merons which are topologically equivalent to one-half of skyrmions can exist only in pairs or groups in two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic (FM) systems. The recent discovery of meron lattice in chiral magnet Co8Zn9Mn3 raises the immediate challenging question that whether a single meron pair, which is the most fundamental topological structure in any 2D meron systems, can be created and stabilized in a continuous FM film? Utilizing winding number conservation, we develop a new method to create and stabilize a single pair of merons in a continuous Py film by local vortex imprinting from a Co disk. By observing the created meron pair directly within a magnetic field, we determine its topological structure unambiguously and explore the topological effect in its creation and annihilation processes. Our work opens a pathway towards developing and controlling topological structures in general magnetic systems without the restriction of perpendicular anisotropy and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. A meron is one half of a skyrmion but whether a single meron pair can be created and stabilized remains a challenging question. Here, Gao et al. develop a method to create and stabilize individual pairs of merons in a continuous Py film by local vortex imprinting from Co disks.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gao
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.,Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - S -G Je
- Center for X-ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - M -Y Im
- Center for X-ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
| | - J W Choi
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - M Yang
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Q Li
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - T Y Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - S Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Korea
| | - H -S Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Korea
| | - K -S Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Korea
| | - W Chao
- Center for X-ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - C Hwang
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon, 305-340, Korea
| | - J Li
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Z Q Qiu
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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Srikanth K, Kim NY, Park W, Kim JM, Kim KD, Lee KT, Son JH, Chai HH, Choi JW, Jang GW, Kim H, Ryu YC, Nam JW, Park JE, Kim JM, Lim D. Comprehensive genome and transcriptome analyses reveal genetic relationship, selection signature, and transcriptome landscape of small-sized Korean native Jeju horse. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16672. [PMID: 31723199 PMCID: PMC6853925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Jeju horse, indigenous to the Jeju Island in Korea may have originated from Mongolian horses. Adaptations to the local harsh environment have conferred Jeju horse with unique traits such as small-sized body, stocky head, and shorter limbs. These characteristics have not been studied previously at the genomic level. Therefore, we sequenced and compared the genome of 41 horses belonging to 6 breeds. We identified numerous breed-specific non-synonymous SNPs and loss-of-function mutants. Demographic and admixture analyses showed that, though Jeju horse is genetically the closest to the Mongolian breeds, its genetic ancestry is independent of that of the Mongolian breeds. Genome wide selection signature analysis revealed that genes such as LCORL, MSTN, HMGA2, ZFAT, LASP1, PDK4, and ACTN2, were positively selected in the Jeju horse. RNAseq analysis showed that several of these genes were also differentially expressed in Jeju horse compared to Thoroughbred horse. Comparative muscle fiber analysis showed that, the type I muscle fibre content was substantially higher in Jeju horse compared to Thoroughbred horse. Our results provide insights about the selection of complex phenotypic traits in the small-sized Jeju horse and the novel SNPs identified will aid in designing high-density SNP chip for studying other native horse breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Srikanth
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Young Kim
- Subtropical Livestock Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeju-do, 63242, Republic of Korea
| | - WonCheoul Park
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Kyung-Tai Lee
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hwan Son
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ha Chai
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Gul-Won Jang
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Youn-Chul Ryu
- Division of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wu Nam
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Mo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Ansung-si, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dajeong Lim
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
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Kwon HY, Kim NJ, Lee CK, Yoon HG, Choi JW, Won C. An innovative magnetic state generator using machine learning techniques. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16706. [PMID: 31723230 PMCID: PMC6853879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53411-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a new efficient algorithm to simulate magnetic structures numerically. It contains a generative model using a complex-valued neural network to generate k-space information. The output information is hermitized and transformed into real-space spin configurations through an inverse fast Fourier transform. The Adam version of stochastic gradient descent is used to minimize the magnetic energy, which is the cost of our algorithm. The algorithm provides the proper ground spin configurations with outstanding performance. In model cases, the algorithm was successfully applied to solve the spin configurations of magnetic chiral structures. The results also showed that a magnetic long-range order could be obtained regardless of the total simulation system size.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Kwon
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - N J Kim
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - C K Lee
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - H G Yoon
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - J W Choi
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - C Won
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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Lee SH, Hosseindoust A, Laxman Ingale S, Rathi PC, Yoon SY, Choi JW, Kim JS. Thermostable xylanase derived from Trichoderma citrinoviride increases growth performance and non-starch polysaccharide degradation in broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 2019; 61:57-62. [PMID: 31559842 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2019.1673316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
1. The aim of this trial was to determine the optimal supplementation level of a xylanase enzyme from Trichoderma citrinoviride on growth performance, apparent ileal and total tract nutrient retention, intestinal morphology, and intestinal concentration of volatile fatty acids in broiler chickens.2. A total of 600 broiler chickens (Ross 308) of mixed sex were randomly allotted to four treatments, on the basis of similar body weight. The dietary treatments were made from a corn-wheat-soy based diet supplemented with either 0, 3750, 7500, or 11 250 XU/kg xylanase and were fed to 32 d of age.3. A linear response to increasing dietary xylanase was demonstrated for overall weight gain (P < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). The apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and gross energy, and the coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CIAD) of N and soluble non-starch polysaccharides were linearly improved when xylanase was added to the diet (P < 0.05). Moreover, a linear increase (P < 0.05) was observed in the CIAD of Arg, Lys, and Try with increasing dietary levels of xylanase.4. The viscosity of digesta in ileum was linearly decreased when dietary xylanase level increased (P < 0.05).5. An increase in villus height of the duodenum and jejunum were observed with increasing dietary levels of xylanase (linear, P < 0.05).6. Overall, the results showed that the effects of dietary xylanase supplementation on broiler performance was determined through effects on nutrient availability and intestinal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Department of Swine Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - A Hosseindoust
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - P C Rathi
- Advanced Enzyme Technologies Ltd., Thane, India
| | - S Y Yoon
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Choi
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Kim
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Kim DY, Jung WS, Choi JW, Choung J, Kim HG. Evaluating Tissue Contrast and Detecting White Matter Injury in the Infant Brain: A Comparison Study of Synthetic Phase-Sensitive Inversion Recovery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1406-1412. [PMID: 31345940 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Synthetic MR imaging enables the acquisition of phase-sensitive inversion recovery images. The aim of this study was to compare the image quality of synthetic phase-sensitive inversion recovery with that of other sequences in infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Brain MR imaging with 3D T1-weighted fast-spoiled gradient recalled, synthetic T1WI, and synthetic phase-sensitive inversion recovery of 91 infants was compared. Contrast between unmyelinated WM and myelinated WM and between unmyelinated WM and cortical GM was calculated. Qualitative evaluation of image quality and myelination degree was performed. In infants with punctate white matter injuries, the number of lesions was compared. RESULTS The contrast between unmyelinated WM and myelinated WM was higher in synthetic phase-sensitive inversion recovery compared with fast-spoiled gradient recalled or synthetic T1WI (P < .001). Compared with synthetic T1WI, synthetic phase-sensitive inversion recovery showed higher gray-white matter differentiation (P < .001) and myelination degree in the cerebellar peduncle (P < .001). The number of detected punctate white matter injuries decreased with synthetic phase-sensitive inversion recovery compared with fast-spoiled gradient recalled sequences (1.2 ± 3.2 versus 3.4 ± 3.6, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Synthetic phase-sensitive inversion recovery has the potential to improve tissue contrast and image quality in the brain MR imaging of infants. However, we have to be aware that synthetic phase-sensitive inversion recovery has limited value when assessing punctate white matter injuries compared with 3D fast-spoiled gradient recalled imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Kim
- From the Department of Radiology (D.Y.K., W.S.J., J.W.C., H.G.K.)
| | - W S Jung
- From the Department of Radiology (D.Y.K., W.S.J., J.W.C., H.G.K.)
| | - J W Choi
- From the Department of Radiology (D.Y.K., W.S.J., J.W.C., H.G.K.)
| | - J Choung
- Biomedical Informatics (J.C.), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Office of Biostatistics (J.C.), Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - H G Kim
- From the Department of Radiology (D.Y.K., W.S.J., J.W.C., H.G.K.) .,Department of Radiology (H.G.K.), Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park HS, Choi JW. Combined surgical approach to intralabyrinthine schwannoma. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2019; 137:223-226. [PMID: 31208878 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intralabyrinthine schwannoma (ILS) is a tumor originating from the Schwann cells in the inner ear. Various surgical approaches can be used for the resection of ILS. The aim of this report is to describe a case involving a 60-year-old man who was treated successfully with a combined surgical approach. CASE REPORT The patient underwent a combined microscopic (transmastoid labyrinthectomy) and endoscopic procedure for surgical excision of ILS involving the vestibule and the lower half of the cochlear basal turn. The combined surgical technique enabled a complete removal of the ILS without removal of the unaffected cochlea as well as the external auditory canal. Besides additional exclusion of the middle ear, blind-sac closure of the external auditory canal and cavity obliteration were avoided. No postoperative complications were observed. DISCUSSION A combined microscopic and endoscopic approach to surgery enables removal of the ILS involving the vestibule and the lower half of the cochlear basal turn while helping to reduce surgical radicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-S Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - J W Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, South Korea.
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Roh HG, Kim EY, Kim IS, Lee HJ, Park JJ, Lee SB, Choi JW, Jeon YS, Park M, Kim SU, Kim HJ. A Novel Collateral Imaging Method Derived from Time-Resolved Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Angiography in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Pilot Study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:946-953. [PMID: 31097431 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Assessment of the collateral status has been emphasized for appropriate treatment decisions in patients with acute ischemic stroke. The purpose of this study was to introduce a multiphase MRA collateral imaging method (collateral map) derived from time-resolved dynamic contrast-enhanced MRA and to verify the value of the multiphase MRA collateral map in acute ischemic stroke by comparing it with the multiphase collateral imaging method (MRP collateral map) derived from dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MR perfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS From a prospectively maintained registry of acute ischemic stroke, MR imaging data of patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by steno-occlusive lesions of the unilateral ICA and/or the M1 segment of the MCA were analyzed. We generated collateral maps using dynamic signals from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRA and DSC-MRP using a Matlab-based in-house program and graded the collateral scores of the multiphase MRA collateral map and the MRP collateral map independently. Interobserver reliabilities and intermethod agreement between both collateral maps for collateral grading were tested. RESULTS Seventy-one paired multiphase MRA and MRP collateral maps from 67 patients were analyzed. The interobserver reliabilities for collateral grading using multiphase MRA or MRP collateral maps were excellent (weighted κ = 0.964 and 0.956, respectively). The agreement between both collateral maps was also excellent (weighted κ = 0.884; 95% confidence interval, 0.819-0.949). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the dynamic signals of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRA could be used to generate multiphase collateral images and showed the possibility of the multiphase MRA collateral map as a useful collateral imaging method in acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Roh
- From the Departments of Radiology (H.G.R., J.W.C.)
| | - E Y Kim
- Department of Radiology (E.Y.K.), Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - I S Kim
- Siemens Healthineers Ltd (I.S.K.), Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Lee
- Departments of Neurosurgery (H.J.L., S.U.K.)
| | | | | | - J W Choi
- From the Departments of Radiology (H.G.R., J.W.C.)
| | - Y S Jeon
- Neurosurgery (Y.S.J.), Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M Park
- Department of Radiology (M.P.), Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S U Kim
- Departments of Neurosurgery (H.J.L., S.U.K.)
| | - H J Kim
- Radiology (H.J.K.), Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
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Seong HS, Kim NY, Kim DC, Hwang NH, Son DH, Shin JS, Lee JH, Chung WH, Choi JW. Whole genome sequencing analysis of horse populations inhabiting the Korean Peninsula and Przewalski's horse. Genes Genomics 2019; 41:621-628. [PMID: 30941726 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00795-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Jeju horse is an indigenous horse breed in Korea. However, there is a severe lack of genomic studies on Korean horse breeds. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to report genomic characteristics of domestic horse populations that inhabit South Korea (Jeju, Jeju crossbred, and Thoroughbred) and a wild horse breed (Przewalski's horse). RESULTS Using the equine reference genome assembly (EquCab 2.0), more than ~ 6.5 billion sequence reads were successfully mapped, which generated an average of 40.87-fold coverage throughout the genome. Using these data, we detected a total of 12.88 million SNPs, of which 73.7% were found to be novel. All the detected SNPs were deeply annotated to retrieve SNPs in gene regions using the RefSeq and Ensemble gene sets. Approximately 27% of the total SNPs were located within genes, whereas the remaining 73% were found in intergenic regions. Using 129,776 coding SNPs, we retrieved a total of 49,171 nonsynonymous SNPs in 12,351 genes. Furthermore, we identified a total of 10,770 deleterious nonsynonymous SNPs which are predicted to affect protein structure or function. CONCLUSION We showed numerous genomic variants from domestic and wild horse breeds. These results provide a valuable resource for further studies on functions of SNP-containing genes, and can aid in determining the molecular basis underlying variation in economically important traits of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Seung Seong
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Young Kim
- Subtropical Animal Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeju, 690-150, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Cheol Kim
- Jeju Special Self-Governing Province Livestock Promotion, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyun Hwang
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Son
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Suh Shin
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Hee Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Hyong Chung
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Research Group of Healthcare, Wanju-gun, 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Kim Y, Choi JW, Lee JH, Kim YS. Spindle assembly checkpoint MAD2 and CDC20 overexpressions and cell-in-cell formation in gastric cancer and its precursor lesions. Hum Pathol 2019; 85:174-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Baek SK, Cho YS, Kim IS, Jeon SB, Moon DK, Hwangbo C, Choi JW, Kim TS, Lee JH. A Rho-Associated Coiled-Coil Containing Kinase Inhibitor, Y-27632, Improves Viability of Dissociated Single Cells, Efficiency of Colony Formation, and Cryopreservation in Porcine Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2019; 21:37-50. [DOI: 10.1089/cell.2018.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ki Baek
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), IALS, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Cho
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), IALS, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Sung Kim
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Been Jeon
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ky Moon
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Hwangbo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), IALS, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Suk Kim
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Hee Lee
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Kim YS, Kim Y, Choi JW, Oh HE, Lee JH. Genetic variants and risk of prostate cancer using pathway analysis of a genome-wide association study. Neoplasma 2019; 63:629-34. [PMID: 27268928 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2016_418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study explored candidate causal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to clarify the biological mechanism of prostate cancer (PCa). Identify candidate Causal SNPs and Pathways (ICSNPathway) analysis was applied using a PCa genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset that included 473,736 SNPs in 1151 cases of PCa and 1156 controls of European ancestry. Five candidate causal SNPs, three candidate causal genes, and two candidate causal pathways were identified using integrating linkage disequilibrium analysis, functional SNP annotation, and pathway-based analysis. The ICSNPathway analysis suggested three hypothetical mechanisms of PCa. The first was rs13112390, rs13112358, rs2048074 to nei-like DNA glycosylase 3 (NEIL3) gene to damaged DNA binding. The second was rs3087386 to REV1, DNA directed polymerase (REV1) gene to damaged DNA binding. The third was rs1063134 to potassium channel, inwardly rectifying subfamily J, member 4 (KCNJ4) gene to inward rectifier potassium channel activity.
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Jo B, Choi JW. Parametric direction-of-arrival estimation with three recurrence relations of spherical harmonics. J Acoust Soc Am 2019; 145:480. [PMID: 30710972 DOI: 10.1121/1.5087698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The eigenbeam estimation of signal parameters via the rotational invariance technique (EB-ESPRIT) is a well-known subspace-based beamforming algorithm for a spherical microphone array. EB-ESPRIT uses a recurrence relation to directly estimate directional parameters expressing directions-of-arrival (DOAs) of sound sources without an exhaustive grid-search. In the conventional EB-ESPRIT, the directional parameter along the elevational direction is given by a tangent function, which inevitably produces two shortcomings. First, the tangent function becomes singular for sources near the equator in spherical coordinates. Furthermore, two sources lying in exactly opposite directions in the spherical coordinates are indistinguishable and a strong ambiguity problem arises. In this work, an EB-ESPRIT technique based on generalized eigenvalue decomposition (GEVD) is proposed to resolve the singularity and ambiguity problems. The proposed technique uses three independent recurrence relations for spherical harmonics, thus the singularity problem due to the tangent function can be completely avoided. A common transformation matrix for extracting DOAs from recurrence relations are found from the GEVD, and the use of cosine and sine functions makes it possible to find DOAs without ambiguity and without extra transforms or angle-pairing processes. It is demonstrated that the proposed method not only overcomes the singularity and ambiguity problems, but also outperforms conventional techniques in terms of DOA accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongho Jo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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Lee JH, Jeong H, Choi JW, Oh HE, Kim YS. Liquid biopsy prediction of axillary lymph node metastasis, cancer recurrence, and patient survival in breast cancer: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12862. [PMID: 30334995 PMCID: PMC6211877 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liquid biopsies using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) have been developed for early cancer detection and patient monitoring. To investigate the clinical usefulness of ctDNA aberrations and cfDNA levels in patients with breast cancer (BC), we conducted a meta-analysis of 69 published studies on 5736 patients with BC. METHODS The relevant publications were identified by searching PubMed and Embase databases. The effect sizes of outcome parameters were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS The ctDNA mutation rates of TP53, PIK3CA, and ESR1 were approximately 38%, 27%, and 32%, respectively. High levels of cfDNA were associated with BCs rather than with healthy controls. However, these detection rates were not satisfactory for BC screening. Although the precise mechanisms have been unknown, high cfDNA levels were significantly associated with axillary lymph node metastasis (odds ratio [OR] = 2.148, P = .030). The ctDNA mutations were significantly associated with cancer recurrence (OR = 3.793, P < .001), short disease-free survival (univariate hazard ratio [HR] = 5.180, P = .026; multivariate HR = 3.605, P = .001), and progression-free survival (HR = 1.311, P = .013) rates, and poor overall survival outcomes (HR = 2.425, P = .007). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis demonstrates that ctDNA mutation status predicts disease recurrence and unfavorable survival outcomes, while cfDNA levels can be predictive of axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with BC.
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