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Emara MH, Zaghloul M, Abdel-Gawad M, Makhlouf NA, Abdelghani M, Abdeltawab D, Mahros AM, Bekhit A, Behl NS, Mostafa S, Piscoya A, Abd-Elsalam S, Alboraie M. Effect of COVID-19 on gastrointestinal endoscopy practice: a systematic review. Ann Med 2022; 54:2875-2884. [PMID: 36369765 PMCID: PMC9665076 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2133163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the emergence of the novel corona virus (SARS-Cov-2) in the late 2019 and not only the endoscopy practice and training but also the health care systems around the globe suffers. This systematic review focused the impact of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) on the endoscopy practice. METHODS A web search of different databases combining different search terms describing the endoscopy practice and the COVID-19 pandemic was done. Articles were screened for selection of relevant articles in two steps: title and abstract step and full-text screening step, by two independent reviewers and any debate was solved by a third reviewer. RESULTS Final studies included in qualitative synthesis were 47. The data shown in the relevant articles were evident for marked reduction in the volume of endoscopy, marked affection of colorectal cancer screening, impairments in the workflow, deficiency in personal protective equipment (PPE) and increased likelihood of catching the infection among both the staff and the patients. CONCLUSION The main outcomes from this review are rescheduling of endoscopy procedures to be suitable with the situation of COVID-19 pandemic in each Country. Also, the endorsement of the importance of PPE use for health care workers and screening of COVID-19 infection pre-procedure.Key messagesThe data focussing Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and COVID-19 emerged from different areas around the globe. The data presented on the published studies were heterogeneous. However, there were remarkable reductions in the volume of GI endoscopy worldwideStaff reallocation added a burden to endoscopy practiceThere was a real risk for COVID-19 spread among both the staff and the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Emara
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Mariam Zaghloul
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Abdel-Gawad
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology, and Infectious Diseases Department, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nahed A Makhlouf
- Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelghani
- Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Doaa Abdeltawab
- Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Aya M Mahros
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Bekhit
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sharqia Health Directorate, Sharqia, Egypt
| | - Nitin S Behl
- Institute of Gastro and liver Diseases, Fortis Hospitals, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sadek Mostafa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alejandro Piscoya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Guillermo Kaelin De la Fuente - EsSalud, Lima, Peru.,Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis, Clinical Practice Guidelines and Health Technology Assessments Unit, Universidad San Ignacio Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | - Sherief Abd-Elsalam
- Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Alboraie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Ilagan-Ying YC, Almeida MN, Kahler-Quesada A, Ying L, Hughes ML, Do A, Hung KW. Increased Mortality in Patients Undergoing Inpatient Endoscopy During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:5053-5062. [PMID: 35182250 PMCID: PMC8857390 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07414-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to the restructuring of most healthcare systems, but the impact on patients undergoing inpatient endoscopic procedures is unknown. We sought to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality among patients undergoing inpatient endoscopy before and during the first wave of the pandemic within an academic tertiary care center. METHODS We studied patients who underwent inpatient endoscopic procedures from March 1-May 31 in 2020 (COVID-19 era), the peak of the pandemic's first wave across the care center studied, and in March 1-May 31, 2018 and 2019 (control). Patient demographics and hospitalization/procedure data were compared between groups. Cox regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality. RESULTS Inpatient endoscopy volume decreased in 2020 with a higher proportion of urgent procedures, increased proportion of patients receiving blood transfusions, and a 10.1% mortality rate. In 2020, male gender, further distance from hospital, need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and procedures conducted outside the endoscopy suite were associated with increased risk of 30-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing endoscopy during the pandemic had higher proportions of ICU admission, more urgent indications, and higher rates of 30-day mortality. Greater proportions of urgent endoscopy cases may be due to hospital restructuring or patient reluctance to seek hospital care during a pandemic. Demographic and procedural characteristics associated with higher mortality risk may be potential areas to improve outcomes during future pandemic hospital restructuring efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ysabel C. Ilagan-Ying
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | | | | | - Lee Ying
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Michelle L. Hughes
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Albert Do
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Kenneth W. Hung
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
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Lugli G, Ottaviani MM, Botta A, Ascione G, Bruschi A, Cagnazzo F, Zammarchi L, Romagnani P, Portaluri T. The Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Healthcare Provision in Italy to non-COVID Patients: a Systematic Review. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2022; 14:e2022012. [PMID: 35070219 PMCID: PMC8746940 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2022.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Italy has been one of the countries most affected by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and the regional healthcare system has had to quickly adapt its organization to meet the needs of infected patients. This has led to a drastic change in the routine management of non-communicable diseases with a potential long-term impact on patient health care. Therefore, we investigated the management of non-COVID-19 patients across all medical specialities in Italy. METHODS A PRISMA guideline-based systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, restricting the search to the main outbreak period in Italy (from February 20 to June 25 2020). We selected articles in English or Italian that detailed changes in the Italian hospital care for non-COVID-19 patients due to the pandemic. Our keywords included all medical specialities combined with our geographical focus (Italy) and COVID-19. RESULTS Of the 4643 potentially eligible studies identified by the search, 247 were included. A decrease in the management of emergencies in non-COVID patients was found together with an increase in mortality. Similarly, non-deferrable conditions met a tendency toward decreased diagnosis. All specialities have been affected by the re-organization of healthcare provision in the hub-and-spoke system and have benefited from telemedicine. CONCLUSIONS Our work highlights the changes in the Italian public healthcare system to tackle the developing health crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of our review may be useful to analyse future directions for the healthcare system in the case of new pandemic scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Lugli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- CEST Centre for Excellence and Transdisciplinary Studies, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Maria Ottaviani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- CEST Centre for Excellence and Transdisciplinary Studies, Turin, Italy
| | - Annarita Botta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- CEST Centre for Excellence and Transdisciplinary Studies, Turin, Italy
| | - Guido Ascione
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- CEST Centre for Excellence and Transdisciplinary Studies, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bruschi
- Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- CEST Centre for Excellence and Transdisciplinary Studies, Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Cagnazzo
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier University Medical Center, 80, Avenue Augustin Fliche, Montpellier, France
| | - Lorenzo Zammarchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Disease, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Romagnani
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio,” University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Portaluri
- IN Srl, Udine, Italy
- CEST Centre for Excellence and Transdisciplinary Studies, Turin, Italy
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Rosevics L, Fossati BS, Teixeira S, Bem RSD, Souza RCAD. COVID-19 AND DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY: EMERGENCY ENDOSCOPIC PROCEDURES AND RISK FACTORS FOR UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2021; 58:337-343. [PMID: 34705968 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.202100000-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has changed digestive endoscopy services around the world. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to measure the number of urgent/emergency endoscopic procedures performed in a Brazilian hospital, comparing it to the same period in the previous year, and to identify risk factors in COVID-19 patients undergoing endoscopic procedures for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). METHODS This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational, single-center study. The study evaluated urgent/emergency endoscopic procedures performed on adult patients from March to August in 2019 and 2020. The COVID-19 patients included were diagnosed using RT-PCR, aged over 18 years with complete medical record information. The variables evaluated were age, sex, comorbidities, length of stay, D-dimer, need for intensive care unit (ICU) and mechanical ventilation. Student's t-test for independent samples or the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used to compare quantitative variables. Categorical variables were analyzed using Fisher's exact test. A P-value <0.05 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS A total of 130 urgent/emergency endoscopic procedures were performed in 2020 and 97 in 2019. During the study period, 631 patients were hospitalized due to COVID-19, of whom 16 underwent urgent/emergency endoscopic procedures, 10 (1.6%) due to UGIB. Of the variables analyzed, the need for ICU and/or mechanical ventilation during hospitalization was statistically significant as a risk factor for UGIB. CONCLUSION This study showed increased urgent/emergency endoscopic procedures during the pandemic at the study site. Among the patients hospitalized with the novel coronavirus, there is a higher risk for UGIB in those needing ICU and/or mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Rosevics
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Sandra Teixeira
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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Kim KH, Kim SB. Comparison of the impact of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography between pre-COVID-19 and current COVID-19 outbreaks in South Korea: Retrospective survey. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:8404-8412. [PMID: 34754849 PMCID: PMC8554445 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i28.8404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has markedly influenced the endoscopic patterns. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an essential technique for pancreatobiliary disease but increases the risk of exposure to the virus-containing body fluid; however, the impact of COVID-19 on ERCP is unknown.
AIM To compare the number of endoscopic activities and to analyze the clinical outcomes of ERCPs before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in Daegu, South Kore.
METHODS This retrospective cohort study included patients aged ≥ 18 years who underwent ERCP between February 18 and March 28, 2020, at a tertiary hospital. ERCP indications and endoscopic details were compared with those from the same period in 2018 and 2019 as control groups.
RESULTS Of the 269 ERCP procedures, 113 (42.0%) cases were performed as emergency procedures. The number of ERCP procedures in 2018 and 2019 decreased by 20.2% and 56.6%, respectively, compared with that in 2020 (P < 0.01); among the 113 emergency ERCPs, the observed numbers in 2018 (n = 42) and 2019 (n = 55) dramatically dropped by 61.9% and 70.9%, respectively, compared with that in 2020 (n = 16). Of the 16 cases in 2020, stone removal was performed in five, biliary stenting in five, sphincterotomy in five, and nasobiliary drainage in one. No case of ERCP-related infection in medical workers or other patients has been reported.
CONCLUSION The COVID-19 outbreak significantly reduced the number of ERCPs; however, there is no difference in the indications and endoscopic interventions before and during the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kook Hyun Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University, College of Medicine, Daegu 42415, South Korea
| | - Sung Bum Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University, College of Medicine, Daegu 42415, South Korea
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Kim KH, Kim SB, Kim TN. Changes in endoscopic patterns before and during COVID-19 outbreak: Experience at a single tertiary center in Korean. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:3576-3585. [PMID: 34046457 PMCID: PMC8130062 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i15.3576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The surge of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients has markedly influenced the treatment policies of tertiary hospitals because of the need to protect medical staff and contain viral transmission, but the impact COVID-19 had on emergency gastrointestinal endoscopies has not been determined.
AIM To compare endoscopic activities and analyze the clinical outcomes of emergency endoscopies performed before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in Daegu, the worst-hit region in South Korea.
METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients aged ≥ 18 years that underwent endoscopy from February 18 to March 28, 2020, at a tertiary hospital in Daegu. Demographics, laboratory findings, types and causes of emergency endoscopies, and endoscopic reports were reviewed and compared with those obtained for the same period in 2018 and 2019.
RESULTS From February 18 to March 28, a total of 366 emergent endoscopic procedures were performed: Upper endoscopy (170, 50.6%), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (113, 33.6%), and colonoscopy with sigmoidoscopy (53, 15.8%). The numbers of procedures performed in 2018 and 2019 dropped by 48.8% and 54.8%, respectively, compared with those in 2020. During the COVID-19 outbreak, the main indications for endoscopy were melena (36.7%), hematemesis (30.6%), and hematochezia (10.2%). Of the endoscopic abnormalities detected, gastrointestinal bleeding was the most common: 39 cases in 2018, 51 in 2019, and 35 in 2020.
CONCLUSION The impact of COVID-19 is substantial and caused dramatic reductions in endoscopic procedures and changes in patient behaviors. Long-term follow-up studies are required to determine the effects of COVID-19 induced changes in the endoscopy field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kook Hyun Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 42415, South Korea
| | - Sung Bum Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 42415, South Korea
| | - Tae Nyeun Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 42415, South Korea
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Thiruvenkatarajan V, Lorenzetti M, Chung A, Wong CK, Currie J, Wahba M, Van Wijk RM, Skinner MW, Sorbello M. Airway Management Considerations for Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Procedures in COVID-19 Era. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:2739-2742. [PMID: 32712781 PMCID: PMC7382315 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Thiruvenkatarajan
- Department of Anesthesia, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, Adelaide, SA 5011 Australia
- Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - M. Lorenzetti
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - A. Chung
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - C. K. Wong
- Department of Anesthesia, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, Adelaide, SA 5011 Australia
| | - J. Currie
- Department of Anesthesia, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, Adelaide, SA 5011 Australia
| | - M. Wahba
- Department of Anesthesia, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, Adelaide, SA 5011 Australia
| | - R. M. Van Wijk
- Department of Anesthesia, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, Adelaide, SA 5011 Australia
- Discipline of Acute Care Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - M. W. Skinner
- Surgical and Perioperative Services, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia
| | - M. Sorbello
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, AOU Policlinico San Marco University Hospital, Catania, Italy
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Becq A, Jais B, Fron C, Rotkopf H, Perrod G, Rudler M, Thabut D, Hedjoudje A, Palazzo M, Amiot A, Sobhani I, Dray X, Camus M. Drastic decrease of urgent endoscopies outside regular working hours during the Covid-19 pandemic in the paris area. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2020; 44:579-585. [PMID: 32788129 PMCID: PMC7402205 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly affected medical care. We surmise that the number of urgent endoscopies outside regular working hours in the Paris area decreased as a result. The objective of this study was to describe the observed number of acts during the 2020 mandatory period of home isolation, compared to the values in prior years and the expected value for 2020. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a multicenter cohort study to investigate the practice of urgent endoscopy acts, outside regular working hours, in Paris and its surrounding suburbs, in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected the number of endoscopies performed between January 17th and April 17th 2018, 2019 and 2020. We then collected clinical, endoscopic and outcome variables from the patients of years 2019 and 2020. RESULTS From March 17th to April 17th (during home isolation), the number of acts was respectively of 147 in 2018, 137 in 2019, and 79 in 2020, lower that the expected number of 142 (-44.0%). In 2020, the number of endoscopies for suspected gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), and findings of variceal and non-variceal bleeding decreased by 52.1%, 69.2% and 43.1% respectively, after a month of home isolation. In-hospital death rate were similar. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that the urgent endoscopy caseload outside regular hours decreased nearly by half during the pandemic. Our results suggest a decreased number of endoscopies for suspected gastrointestinal bleeding, and findings of variceal and non-variceal bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Becq
- Sorbonne Université, Endoscopy Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France.
| | - Benedicte Jais
- Endoscopy Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Beaujon, 92110 Clichy, France
| | - Clémence Fron
- Sorbonne Université, Endoscopy Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Hugo Rotkopf
- Paris 12 Université, APH-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Guillaume Perrod
- Gastroenterology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marika Rudler
- Sorbonne Université, Endoscopy Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Thabut
- Sorbonne Université, Endoscopy Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Maxime Palazzo
- Endoscopy Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Beaujon, 92110 Clichy, France
| | - Aurélien Amiot
- Paris 12 Université, APH-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Iradj Sobhani
- Paris 12 Université, APH-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Xavier Dray
- Sorbonne Université, Endoscopy Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Marine Camus
- Sorbonne Université, Endoscopy Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
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