Negative Regulation of SIRT1 by IRF9 Involved in Hyperlipidemia Acute Pancreatitis Associated with Kidney Injury

The multiple roles of interferon regulatory factor family in health and disease

Interferon Regulatory Factors (IRFs), a family of transcription factors, profoundly influence the immune system, impacting both physiological and pathological processes. This review explores the diverse functions of nine mammalian IRF members, each featuring conserved domains essential for interactions with other transcription factors and cofactors. These interactions allow IRFs to modulate a broad spectrum of physiological processes, encompassing host defense, immune response, and cell development. Conversely, their pivotal role in immune regulation implicates them in the pathophysiology of various diseases, such as infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, metabolic diseases, and cancers. In this context, IRFs display a dichotomous nature, functioning as both tumor suppressors and promoters, contingent upon the specific disease milieu. Post-translational modifications of IRFs, including phosphorylation and ubiquitination, play a crucial role in modulating their function, stability, and activation. As prospective biomarkers and therapeutic targets, IRFs present promising opportunities for disease intervention. Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms governing IRF regulation, potentially pioneering innovative therapeutic strategies, particularly in cancer treatment, where the equilibrium of IRF activities is of paramount importance.

Hesperidin Alleviates Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis by Activating SIRT1 - Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, and Experimental Validation

BACKGROUND

Acute necrotizing pancreatitis is a serious pancreatic injury with limited effective treatments. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of hesperidin on Larginine- induced acute pancreatitis and its potential targets.

METHODS

The authors induced acute pancreatitis in mice by administering two hourly intraperitoneal injections of L-arginine-HCl, and evaluated the impact of hesperidin on pancreatic and lung tissues, plasma amylase activity, and myeloperoxidase content. Additionally, necrosis and mitochondrial function was tested in primary pancreatic acinar cells. The interactions between hesperidin and proteins involved in necrosis and mitochondrial dysfunction were further invested using in silico molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations.

RESULTS

Hesperidin effectively ameliorated the severity of acute necrotizing pancreatitis by reducing plasma amylase, pancreatic MPO, serum IL-6 levels, pancreatic edema, inflammation, and pancreatic necrosis. Hesperidin also protected against acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury and prevented acinar cell necrosis, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and ATP depletion. In addition, hesperidin exhibited a high binding affinity with SIRT1 and increased the protein levels of SIRT1. The SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 abolished the protective effect of hesperidin against necrosis in acinar cells.

CONCLUSION

These findings indicate that hesperidin alleviates the severity of acute necrotizing pancreatitis by activating SIRT1, which may provide insight into the mechanisms of natural compounds in treating AP. Hesperidin has potential as a therapeutic agent for acute necrotizing pancreatitis and provides a new approach for novel therapeutic strategies.

Clinical Value of Hospital-Community-Family Integrated Nursing Model in the Treatment of Patients with Hyperlipidemia Pancreatitis

Objective

This study aimed to observe the impact of the hospital-community-family integrated nursing paradigm on the compliance, psychological state, and blood lipid levels in patients with hyperlipidemia pancreatitis (HLP).

Methods

Totally 66 HLP patients treated in our institution between June 2018 and June 2021 were randomized to Exp group and Con group. The Exp group received the hospital-community-family integrated nursing mode, whereas Con group adopted conventional nursing. Outcome measures included patient compliance, mental state, and blood cholesterol levels.

Results

Patients with integrated nursing exhibited markedly higher compliance than those with conventional nursing, as evinced by higher scores of compliance behavior, compliance awareness, medication attitude, and treatment attitude (P < 0.05). Integrated nursing offered more potent mitigation of negative emotions of patients than conventional nursing (P < 0.05). Integrated nursing resulted in better enhanced quality of life of patients versus conventional nursing (P < 0.05). Superior blood lipid amelioration was observed in patients after integration nursing versus those after conventional nursing, demonstrated by a higher serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level, and lower levels of triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P < 0.05). Patients were more satisfied with integrated nursing (96.97%) than conventional nursing (72.73%), suggesting a high patient acceptance of the nursing mode (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The hospital-community-family integrated nursing model provides a viable alternative to enhance HLP patients' compliance and optimize their psychological state and blood lipid levels, demonstrating good potential for clinical promotion.

REL-NPMI: Exploring genotype and phenotype relationship of pancreatitis based on improved normalized point-by-point mutual information

Pancreatitis is a relatively serious disease caused by the self-digestion of trypsin in the pancreas. The generation of diseases is closely related to gene and phenotype information. Generally, gene-phenotype relations are mainly obtained through clinical experiments, but the cost is huge. With the amount of published biomedical literature increasing exponentially, it carries a wealth of disease-related gene and phenotype information. This study provided an effective way to obtain disease-related gene and phenotype information. To our best knowledge, this work first attempted to explore relationships between genotype and phenotype about the pancreatitis from the computational perspective. It mined 6152 genes and 76,753 pairs of genotype and phenotype extracted from the biomedical literature about pancreatitis using text mining. Based on the above 76,753 pairs, the study proposed an improved normalized point-wise mutual information (REL-NPMI) model to optimize gene-phenotype relations related to pancreatitis, and obtained 12,562 gene-phenotype pairs which may be related to pancreatitis. The extracted top 20 results were validated and evaluated. The experimental results show that the method is promising for exploring pancreatitis' molecular mechanism, thus it provides a computational way for studying pancreatitis' disease pathogenesis. Data resources and the Pancreatitis Gene-Phenotype Association Database are available at http://114.116.4.45:8081/and resources are also available at https://github.com/polipoptbe8023/REL-NPMI.git.

The sirtuin family in health and disease

Sirtuins (SIRTs) are nicotine adenine dinucleotide(+)-dependent histone deacetylases regulating critical signaling pathways in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and are involved in numerous biological processes. Currently, seven mammalian homologs of yeast Sir2 named SIRT1 to SIRT7 have been identified. Increasing evidence has suggested the vital roles of seven members of the SIRT family in health and disease conditions. Notably, this protein family plays a variety of important roles in cellular biology such as inflammation, metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, etc., thus, it is considered a potential therapeutic target for different kinds of pathologies including cancer, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and other conditions. Moreover, identification of SIRT modulators and exploring the functions of these different modulators have prompted increased efforts to discover new small molecules, which can modify SIRT activity. Furthermore, several randomized controlled trials have indicated that different interventions might affect the expression of SIRT protein in human samples, and supplementation of SIRT modulators might have diverse impact on physiological function in different participants. In this review, we introduce the history and structure of the SIRT protein family, discuss the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of seven members of the SIRT protein family, elaborate on the regulatory roles of SIRTs in human disease, summarize SIRT inhibitors and activators, and review related clinical studies.

Mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus Alleviating Acquired Hyperlipidemia Induced by High-Fat Diet through Regulating Lipid Metabolism

Astragalus membranaceus (AM) is a food and medicinal homologous plant. The current research is aimed to investigate the beneficial effects and mechanisms of AM in treating acquired hyperlipidemia. The network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis results showed 481 AM-related targets and 474 acquired hyperlipidemia-associated targets, and 101 candidate targets were obtained through the intersection, mainly enriched in endocrine resistance, AGE-RAGE in diabetic complications and p53 signaling pathways. Quercetin, kaempferol, calycosin, formononetin and isorhamnetin were determined as the candidate active components of AM in the treatment of acquired hyperlipidemia. Moreover, key targets of AM, namely, AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), cyclin D1 (CCND1) and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), were screened out, which were closely related to adipogenesis, fatty acid metabolism and bile acid metabolism. The subsequent animal experiments showed that AM extract treatment improved the lipid profiles of the high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice by reducing lipogenesis and increasing lipolysis and lipid β-oxidation, which were associated with the downregulating of AKT1 and CCND1, and the upregulating of VEGFA and ESR1 in liver and adipose tissue. Overall, AM alleviated acquired hyperlipidemia through regulating lipid metabolism, and AKT1, VEGFA, CCND1 and ESR1 might be the key targets.

RETRACTED: Depleting microRNA-183-3p improves renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis after acute kidney injury via SIRT1/PUMA/FOXO3a deacetylation

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Concern was raised about the reliability of the Western blot results in Figs. 2E, and 3C, which appear to have the same eyebrow shaped phenotype as many other publications tabulated here (https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/149EjFXVxpwkBXYJOnOHb6RhAqT4a2llhj9LM60MBffM/edit#gid=0). The journal requested the corresponding author comment on these concerns and provide the raw data. However the authors were not able to satisfactorily fulfil this request and therefore the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.