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Chen Y, Green HL, Berman JI, Putt ME, Otten K, Mol KL, McNamee M, Allison O, Kuschner ES, Kim M, Bloy L, Liu S, Yount T, Roberts TPL, Edgar JC. Functional and structural maturation of auditory cortex from 2 months to 2 years old. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.05.597426. [PMID: 38895425 PMCID: PMC11185738 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.05.597426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In school-age children, the myelination of the auditory radiation thalamocortical pathway is associated with the latency of auditory evoked responses, with the myelination of thalamocortical axons facilitating the rapid propagation of acoustic information. Little is known regarding this auditory system function-structure association in infants and toddlers. The present study tested the hypothesis that maturation of auditory radiation white-matter microstructure (e.g., fractional anisotropy (FA); measured using diffusion-weighted MRI) is associated with the latency of the infant auditory response (P2m measured using magnetoencephalography, MEG) in a cross-sectional (2 to 24 months) as well as longitudinal cohort (2 to 29 months) of typically developing infants and toddlers. In the cross-sectional sample, non-linear maturation of P2m latency and auditory radiation diffusion measures were observed. After removing the variance associated with age in both P2m latency and auditory radiation diffusion measures, auditory radiation still accounted for significant variance in P2m latency. In the longitudinal sample, latency and FA associations could be observed at the level of a single child. Findings provide strong support for a contribution of auditory radiation white matter to rapid cortical auditory encoding processes in infants.
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2
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Thompson DA, Mikó-Baráth E, Hardy SE, Jandó G, Shaw M, Hamilton R. ISCEV standard pattern reversal VEP development: paediatric reference limits from 649 healthy subjects. Doc Ophthalmol 2023; 147:147-164. [PMID: 37938426 PMCID: PMC10638119 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-023-09952-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish the extent of agreement for ISCEV standard reference pattern reversal VEPs (prVEPs) acquired at three European centres, to determine any effect of sex, and to establish reference intervals from birth to adolescence. METHODS PrVEPs were recorded from healthy reference infants and children, aged 2 weeks to 16 years, from three centres using closely matched but non-identical protocols. Amplitudes and peak times were modelled with orthogonal quadratic and sigmoidal curves, respectively, and two-sided limits, 2.5th and 97.5th centiles, estimated using nonlinear quantile Bayesian regression. Data were compared by centre and by sex using median quantile confidence intervals. The 'critical age', i.e. age at which P100 peak time ceased to shorten, was calculated. RESULTS Data from the three centres were adequately comparable. Sex differences were not clinically meaningful. The pooled data showed rapid drops in P100 peak time which stabilised by 27 and by 34 weeks for large and small check widths, respectively. Post-critical-age reference limits were 87-115 ms and 96-131 ms for large and small check widths, respectively. Amplitudes varied markedly and reference limits for all ages were 5-57 μV and 3.5-56 μV for large and small check widths, respectively. CONCLUSIONS PrVEP reference data could be combined despite some methodology differences within the tolerances of the ISCEV VEP Standard, supporting the clinical benefit of ISCEV Standards. Comparison with historical data is hampered by lack of minimum reporting guidelines. The reference data presented here could be validated or transformed for use elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy A Thompson
- The Tony Kriss Visual Electrophysiology Unit, Clinical and Academic, Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK.
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, University College London, 30 Guildford Street, London, UK.
| | - Eszter Mikó-Baráth
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Sharon E Hardy
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gábor Jandó
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Martin Shaw
- Department of Clinical Physics and Bioengineering, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ruth Hamilton
- Department of Clinical Physics and Bioengineering, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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3
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van Genderen MM. In childhood, a different electrode placement improves the recording of pattern reversal visual evoked potentials. J Physiol 2023; 601:1703-1704. [PMID: 36869731 DOI: 10.1113/jp284400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria M van Genderen
- Diagnostic Center for complex visual disorders, Bartiméus, Zeist, Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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4
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Jiang TT, Wang L, Chen HL, Deng Y, Peng XL, Hu Y. Developmental characteristics of visual evoked potentials to different stimulation in normal children. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:296-306. [PMID: 33843429 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1912039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the developmental characteristics of flash visual evoked potentials (FVEP) and pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (PVEP) of healthy children. METHODS The data were collected with a Keypoint Workstation 9033A07; 168 children (2 months-13 years) were tested with FVEP and 101 (4-13 years) were tested with PVEP. RESULTS A triphasic waveform with clear components (N2, P2, and N3) was recorded steadily after 1 year, with occurrence rates over 97% at all frequencies. FVEP latency significantly decreased with age. The amplitude difference of FVEP was greater for binocular than monocular fields. FVEP amplitude increased and amplitude differences decreased with stimulation frequency. The occurrence rate of PVEP was 100% after 4 years, and PVEP latency was significantly prolonged with age. N75 and P100 amplitudes and the N75-P100 amplitude difference increased with field of vision. CONCLUSION FVEP can be evoked in normal children at less than 2 Hz. Stimulation frequency can be adjusted to improve early detection and verification of subclinical lesions. The PVEP waveform is simple and stable, and its results are easier to analyze and interpret than FVEP, but it is limited by visual acuity and fixation force, whereas FVEP is affected less by visual acuity. but it is necessary to establish normal reference values of each age in each laboratory because of complicated analysis. According to the specific situation of the patient (vision, fixation) and clinical demand, we need to choose the right stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong-Liang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Peng
- Division of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hongkong Baptist Univesity United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
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5
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Thompson DA, Marmoy OR, Prise KL, Reynolds VM, Handley SE, Versace DM, Kafiabadi S, Mankad K, Panteli V, Schwiebert K, James G, Bowman R. Giant pattern VEPs in children. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2021; 34:33-42. [PMID: 34388649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Our aim is to elaborate the clinical significance of giant amplitude pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in children. 'Giant' amplitude VEPs exceed the upper 97.5th centile, 90% CI for age. We scrutinised 2750 pattern VEPs recorded to international standards between Jan 2015 and 2017 from children aged 16 years and under, attending a specialist children's hospital. Twenty seven children, median age 6yrs, (range 1-16 yrs), were identified with giant VEPs (P100 amplitude range 65-163 μV). Most, 22/27 (81%), had conditions associated with a risk of raised ICP. Sixteen of these twenty two children had craniosynostosis; six multi-sutural and eight single suture disease. Others had Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension, arachnoid cyst, NF1 with shunted hydrocephalus, chronic infantile neurological cutaneous and articular (CINCA) syndrome, nephrotic cystinosis and obstructive sleep apnoea. Five children presented with a range of conditions, some associated with seizures some symptomatic, but as yet undiagnosed. Frequent structural associations were optical coherence tomography measures of optic disc maximum anterior axial horizontal retinal thickness projection >160 μm and neuro-radiological findings of CSF effacement and copper beaten appearance. Ultrasonography measures of optic nerve sheath diameters varied, but in one child took 2 years to resolve after treatment for raised ICP. Optic disc gradings by fundoscopy were mostly normal, as were visual acuities. Raised ICP was confirmed by gold standard ICP bolt measurements in five of seven children tested. These data suggest that rICP should be considered if a child has sustained giant amplitude VEPs at normal latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy A Thompson
- Clinical and Academic Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK; Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - Oliver R Marmoy
- Clinical and Academic Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK; Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Katrina L Prise
- Clinical and Academic Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Victoria M Reynolds
- Clinical and Academic Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Sian E Handley
- Clinical and Academic Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK; Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Dominique M Versace
- Clinical and Academic Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Sina Kafiabadi
- Neuroradiology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Kshitij Mankad
- Neuroradiology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Vasiliki Panteli
- Clinical and Academic Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Kemmy Schwiebert
- Clinical and Academic Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Greg James
- Department of Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK; Craniofacial Research Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Richard Bowman
- Clinical and Academic Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK; Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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6
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Tkatchenko TV, Tkatchenko AV. Genetic network regulating visual acuity makes limited contribution to visually guided eye emmetropization. Genomics 2021; 113:2780-2792. [PMID: 34147636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During postnatal development, the eye undergoes a refinement process whereby optical defocus guides eye growth towards sharp vision in a process of emmetropization. Optical defocus activates a signaling cascade originating in the retina and propagating across the back of the eye to the sclera. Several observations suggest that visual acuity might be important for optical defocus detection and processing in the retina; however, direct experimental evidence supporting or refuting the role of visual acuity in refractive eye development is lacking. Here, we used genome-wide transcriptomics to determine the relative contribution of the retinal genetic network regulating visual acuity to the signaling cascade underlying visually guided eye emmetropization. Our results provide evidence that visual acuity is regulated at the level of molecular signaling in the retina by an extensive genetic network. The genetic network regulating visual acuity makes relatively small contribution to the signaling cascade underlying refractive eye development. This genetic network primarily affects baseline refractive eye development and this influence is primarily facilitated by the biological processes related to melatonin signaling, nitric oxide signaling, phototransduction, synaptic transmission, and dopamine signaling. We also observed that the visual-acuity-related genes associated with the development of human myopia are chiefly involved in light perception and phototransduction. Our results suggest that the visual-acuity-related genetic network primarily contributes to the signaling underlying baseline refractive eye development, whereas its impact on visually guided eye emmetropization is modest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrei V Tkatchenko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Campus C, Signorini S, Vitali H, De Giorgis V, Papalia G, Morelli F, Gori M. Sensitive period for the plasticity of alpha activity in humans. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 49:100965. [PMID: 34051686 PMCID: PMC8167822 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual experience is crucial for the development of neural processing. For example, alpha activity development is a vision-dependent mechanism. Indeed, studies report no alpha activity is present in blind adults. Nevertheless, studies have not investigated the developmental trajectory of this activity in infants and children with blindness. Here, we hypothesize that the difference in neural activity of blind compared to sighted subjects is: absent at birth, progressive with age, specifically occipital and linked to a gradual motor impairment. Therefore, we consider spectral power of resting-state EEG and its association with motor impairment indices, in blind subjects and in sighted controls between 0 and 11 years of age. Blind subjects show posterior alpha activity during the first three years of life, although weaker and slower maturing compared to sighted subjects. The first great differentiation between blind and sighted subjects occurs between 3 and 6 years of age. Starting in this period, reduced alpha activity increases the probability of motor impairment in blind subjects, likely because of impaired perception/interaction. These results show that visual experience mediates the neural mechanisms generating alpha oscillations during the first years of life, suggesting that it is a sensitive period for the plasticity of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Campus
- U-VIP: Unit for Visually Impaired People, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16152, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Helene Vitali
- U-VIP: Unit for Visually Impaired People, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16152, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Monica Gori
- U-VIP: Unit for Visually Impaired People, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16152, Genova, Italy.
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8
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Abstract
This chapter reviews common applications of visual electrophysiology relevant to neuro-ophthalmology practice. The use of standard tests and extended protocols are described including the cortical visual evoked potential and pattern and full-field electroretinogram (PERG; ERG) methods, the latter including the photopic negative response. Abnormalities of these recordings are rarely specific but provide valuable diagnostic guidance and an objective measure of visual pathway function, difficult or impossible to infer by other methods. The electrophysiological phenotypes associated with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, OPA1- and SSBP1-associated dominant optic atrophy, and WFS1-related syndromes are described. Typical changes in retinal and optic nerve function tests associated with acquired disease are highlighted, including those related to demyelination, ischemic, compressive, nutritional and toxic, and nonorganic etiologies. The importance of complementary testing using different electrophysiological techniques is emphasized, for the purposes of differential diagnosis and in disorders that may masquerade as optic nerve pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neringa Jurkute
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Genetics Department, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony G Robson
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Electrophysiology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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9
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Assessment of Human Visual Acuity Using Visual Evoked Potential: A Review. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20195542. [PMID: 32998208 PMCID: PMC7582995 DOI: 10.3390/s20195542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Visual evoked potential (VEP) has been used as an alternative method to assess visual acuity objectively, especially in non-verbal infants and adults with low intellectual abilities or malingering. By sweeping the spatial frequency of visual stimuli and recording the corresponding VEP, VEP acuity can be defined by analyzing electroencephalography (EEG) signals. This paper presents a review on the VEP-based visual acuity assessment technique, including a brief overview of the technique, the effects of the parameters of visual stimuli, and signal acquisition and analysis of the VEP acuity test, and a summary of the current clinical applications of the technique. Finally, we discuss the current problems in this research domain and potential future work, which may enable this technique to be used more widely and quickly, deepening the VEP and even electrophysiology research on the detection and diagnosis of visual function.
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10
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Intraoperative visual evoked potential monitoring for optic pathway glioma in an infant: A case description. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:1772-1774. [PMID: 32504939 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Lupori L, Sagona G, Fuchs C, Mazziotti R, Stefanov A, Putignano E, Napoli D, Strettoi E, Ciani E, Pizzorusso T. Site-specific abnormalities in the visual system of a mouse model of CDKL5 deficiency disorder. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:2851-2861. [PMID: 31108505 PMCID: PMC6736061 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a severe global developmental delay and early-onset seizures. Notably, patients show distinctive visual abnormalities often clinically diagnosed as cortical visual impairment. However, the involvement of cerebral cortical dysfunctions in the origin of the symptoms is poorly understood. CDD mouse models also display visual deficits, and cortical visual responses can be used as a robust biomarker in CDKL5 mutant mice. A deeper understanding of the circuits underlying the described visual deficits is essential for directing preclinical research and translational approaches. Here, we addressed this question in two ways: first, we performed an in-depth morphological analysis of the visual pathway, from the retina to the primary visual cortex (V1), of CDKL5 null mice. We found that the lack of CDKL5 produced no alteration in the organization of retinal circuits. Conversely, CDKL5 mutants showed reduced density and altered morphology of spines and decreased excitatory synapse marker PSD95 in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and in V1. An increase in the inhibitory marker VGAT was selectively present in V1. Second, using a conditional CDKL5 knockout model, we showed that selective cortical deletion of CDKL5 from excitatory cells is sufficient to produce abnormalities of visual cortical responses, demonstrating that the normal function of cortical circuits is dependent on CDKL5. Intriguingly, these deficits were associated with morphological alterations of V1 excitatory and inhibitory synaptic contacts. In summary, this work proposes cortical circuit structure and function as a critically important target for studying CDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lupori
- BIO@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Giulia Sagona
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA University of Florence, Area San Salvi-Pad. 26, Florence 50135, Italy.,Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa 56128, Italy
| | - Claudia Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Raffaele Mazziotti
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA University of Florence, Area San Salvi-Pad. 26, Florence 50135, Italy
| | - Antonia Stefanov
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Elena Putignano
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Debora Napoli
- BIO@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Enrica Strettoi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ciani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pizzorusso
- BIO@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA University of Florence, Area San Salvi-Pad. 26, Florence 50135, Italy
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12
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Yap TP, Luu CD, Suttle CM, Chia A, Boon MY. Electrophysiological and Psychophysical Studies of Meridional Anisotropies in Children With and Without Astigmatism. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:1906-1913. [PMID: 31042798 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We investigated the pattern of meridional anisotropies, if any, for pattern onset-offset visual evoked potential (POVEPs) responses and psychophysical grating acuity (GA) in children with normal letter visual acuity (20/20 or better). Methods A total of 29 children (aged 3-9 years), nine of whom were astigmatic (AS), were recruited. Orientation-specific monocular POVEPs were recorded in response to sinewave grating stimuli oriented along the subjects' principal AS meridians. Horizontal and vertical gratings were designated Meridians 1 and 2, respectively, for nonastigmatic patients (Non-AS). Binocular POVEPs in response to the same stimuli, but oriented at 45°, 90°, 135°, and 180°, were recorded. Psychophysical GAs were assessed monocularly and binocularly along the same meridians using the same stimuli by a 2-alternative-forced-choice staircase technique. The C3 amplitudes and peak latencies of the POVEP and GAs were compared across meridians using linear mixed models (monocular) and ANOVA (binocular). Results There were significant meridional anisotropies in monocular C3 amplitudes regardless of astigmatism status (P = 0.001): Meridian 2 (mean ± SE Non-AS, 30.13 ± 2.07 μV; AS, 26.53 ± 2.98 μV) was significantly higher than Meridian 1 (Non-AS, 26.14 ± 1.87 μV; AS, 21.68 ± 2.73 μV; P = 0.019), but no meridional anisotropies were found for GA or C3 latency. Binocular C3 amplitude in response to horizontally oriented stimuli (180°, 29.71 ± 3.06 μV) was significantly lower than the oblique (45°, 36.62 ± 3 .05 μV; P = 0.03 and 135°, 35.95 ± 2.92 μV; P = 0.04) and vertical (90°, 37.82 ± 3.65 μV; P = 0.02) meridians, and binocular C3 latency was significantly shorter in response to vertical than oblique gratings (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions Meridional anisotropy was observed in children with normal vision. The findings suggest that horizontal gratings result in a small, but significantly lower POVEP amplitude than for vertical and oblique gratings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiong Peng Yap
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chi D Luu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia; Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine M Suttle
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Division of Optometry and Visual Sciences, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey Chia
- Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus Department, Singapore National Eye Centre (SNEC), Singapore.,Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Department, KK Women's and Children's Hospital (KKH), Singapore
| | - Mei Ying Boon
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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13
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Evaluation of Neurotoxicity of Multiple Anesthesia in Children Using Visual Evoked Potentials. MEDICAL BULLETIN OF SISLI ETFAL HOSPITAL 2019; 53:284-289. [PMID: 32377097 PMCID: PMC7192278 DOI: 10.14744/semb.2018.59454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Anesthetic applications may cause increased neuronal damage in infants and children. Commonly cognitive or learning disability tests were used to investigate the neurological progress in children. Visual Evoked Potential is a gross electrical signal generated by the occipital regions of the cerebral cortex in response to visual stimulation and an objective assessment of brain function. In this study, to acquire more objective results, Visual Evoked Potential responses of children who had multiple exposures to anesthesia during the treatment of corrosive esophagitis were compared to children who have never received anesthesia before. Methods: In this prospective, single-blinded, randomized, controlled study, 25 children, who were admitted to our pediatric surgery clinic because of corrosive esophagitis and who received general anesthesia more than 15 times composed Group-P; 25 children, who admitted to our well-child-clinic and who had never received anesthesia before consisted Group-C. The flash and pattern VEP responses of both groups were measured at the electrophysiology laboratory without any anesthetic drug application. The VEP responses of children in Group-P were recorded at least three days after the last exposure to anesthesia. Results: Latencies and amplitudes of the N2 and P2 components of the pattern and flash VEP responses were statistically significantly different between the two groups (p=0.000). Conclusion: This study shows that in children who had repeated anesthetic applications VEP parameters are significantly altered. We believe that VEP responses may be a reliable objective criterion for the evaluation of anesthesia neurotoxicity.
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Occipital Petalia and Albinism: A Study of Interhemispheric VEP Asymmetries in Albinism with No Nystagmus. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060802. [PMID: 31195712 PMCID: PMC6617331 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess chiasmal misrouting in a cohort of children with albinism with no nystagmus using hemifield visual evoked potentials (VEP) measures. Methods: Monocular VEPs were recorded and analyzed from three electrodes (O1, Oz, and O2 referred to Fz) from 16 children with albinism without nystagmus. Pattern reversal (full field and hemifield stimulation), full field pattern appearance and flash stimuli were used to evoke VEPs for each eye. Results: The amplitude of the pattern reversal VEPs to stimulation of the hemifield corresponding to the crossing pathways were as expected significantly larger than those to the non-crossing in each eye ((right eye p = 0.000004), (left eye p = 0.001)). Pattern reversal VEPs recorded from the left hemisphere were also larger than those from the right and most evident when comparing the crossing pathways of each eye (p = 0.004). Conclusions: This study has demonstrated electrophysiological differences in visual pathway function of the left and right hemisphere in subjects with albinism like that previously described in controls. Nasal field stimulation activated crossing and non-crossing pathways in patients with albinism and as a result, nasal hemifield VEPs in albinism are less lateralized compared to what is found in normal subjects.
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Ström L, Michanek M, Ekesten B. Age‐associated changes in the equine flash visual evoked potential. Vet Ophthalmol 2018; 22:388-397. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Ström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Måns Michanek
- Referral Animal Hospital Strömsholm Strömsholm Sweden
| | - Björn Ekesten
- Department of Clinical Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
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Lin D, Chen J, Liu Z, Lin Z, Li X, Wu X, Cao Q, Lin H, Chen W, Liu Y. Impairments of Visual Function and Ocular Structure in Patients With Unilateral Posterior Lens Opacity. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2018; 7:9. [PMID: 30050726 PMCID: PMC6058911 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.7.4.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigate visual function impairment and ocular structure in patients with unilateral posterior lens opacity, a type of congenital cataract (CC) in our novel CC category system. METHODS We studied patients aged 3 to 15 years who were diagnosed with unilateral posterior CC. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) were examined. Corneal astigmatism (CA), mean keratometry, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth (ACD), and axial length were measured by Pentacam and IOL-Master. Variations between two eyes were compared by paired t-tests. RESULTS Among the 25 patients involved, BCVAs (logMAR) of cataractous and contralateral healthy eyes were 0.8 ± 0.4 (range, 0.1-1.7) and 0.1 ± 0.1 (range, -0.1 to 0.4). Compared to contralateral healthy eyes, larger CA (1.8 ± 1.2 vs. 0.9 ± 0.4 diopters [D], P = 0.002) and deeper ACD (3.7 ± 0.3 vs. 3.5 ± 0.4 mm, P = 0.009) were found in cataractous eyes. No significant positive or negative linear relationship was found between BCVA and parameters of VEP. Peak time of P100 of pattern VEP-60' in cataractous eyes was longer than that in contralateral healthy eyes (114.9 ± 18.8 vs. 105.0 ± 12.4 ms, P = 0.013). Amplitudes of P100 of patterns VEP-60' and -15' in cataractous eyes were smaller than those in contralateral healthy eyes (PVEP-60', 15.2 ± 5.3 vs. 19.9 ± 10.4 μV, P = 0.023; PVEP-15', 10.4 ± 7.0 vs. 22.1 ± 11.9 μV, P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Impaired visual function and ocular structure were detected in patients with posterior lens opacities. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE This study provides evidence-based clinical recommendations for unilateral posterior CC patients with controversial treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoru Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianzhong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Haotian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Weirong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
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Costa MF, de Cássia Rodrigues Matos França V, Barboni MTS, Ventura DF. Maturation of Binocular, Monocular Grating Acuity and of the Visual Interocular Difference in the First 2 Years of Life. Clin EEG Neurosci 2018; 49:159-170. [PMID: 28844161 DOI: 10.1177/1550059417723804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The sweep visual evoked potential method (sVEP) is a powerful tool for measurement of visual acuity in infants. Despite the applicability and reliability of the technique in measuring visual functions the understanding of sVEP acuity maturation and how interocular difference of acuity develops in early infancy, as well as the availability of normality ranges, are rare in the literature. We measured binocular and monocular sVEPS acuities in 481 healthy infants aged from birth to 24 months without ophthalmological diseases. Binocular sVEP acuity was significantly higher than monocular visual acuities for almost all ages. Maturation of monocular sVEP acuity showed 2 longer critical periods while binocular acuity showed three maturation periods in the same age range. We found a systematic variation of the mean interocular acuity difference (IAD) range according to age from 1.45 cpd at birth to 0.31 cpd at 24 months. An additional contribution was the determination of sVEP acuity norms for the entire age range. We conclude that binocular and monocular sVEP acuities have distinct growth curves reflecting different maturation profiles for each function. Differences in IAD range shorten according to age and they should be considered in using the sVEP acuity measurements for clinical diagnosis as amblyopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Fernandes Costa
- 1 Laboratório de Psicofisiologia Sensorial, Departamento de Psicologia Experimental, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,2 Núcleo de Neurociências e Comportamento e Neurociências Aplicada, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mirella Teles Salgueiro Barboni
- 1 Laboratório de Psicofisiologia Sensorial, Departamento de Psicologia Experimental, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,2 Núcleo de Neurociências e Comportamento e Neurociências Aplicada, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dora Fix Ventura
- 1 Laboratório de Psicofisiologia Sensorial, Departamento de Psicologia Experimental, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,2 Núcleo de Neurociências e Comportamento e Neurociências Aplicada, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Martini D, Innocenti A, Cosentino C, Bedogni G, Angelino D, Biasini B, Zavaroni I, Ventura M, Galli D, Mirandola P, Vitale M, Dei Cas A, Bonadonna RC, Passeri G, Pruneti C, Del Rio D. Claimed Effects, Outcome Variables and Methods of Measurement for Health Claims on Foods Related to Vision Proposed Under Regulation (EC) 1924/2006. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020211. [PMID: 29443929 PMCID: PMC5852787 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate visual function has a strong impact on the quality of life of people. Several foods and food components have been hypothesized to play a role in the maintenance of normal visual function and in the prevention of eye diseases. Some of these foods/food components have been the object of a request of authorization for use of health claims under Articles 13(5) or 14 of the Regulation (EC) 1924/2006. Most of these requests have received a negative opinion from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) due to the choice of inappropriate outcome variables (OVs) and/or methods of measurement (MMs) applied in the studies used to substantiate the claims. This manuscript refers to the collection, collation and critical analysis of OVs and MMs related to vision. Guidance document and requests for authorization of health claims were used to collect OVs and MMs related to vision. A literature review was performed to critically analyse OVs and MMs, with the aim of defining their appropriateness in the context of a specific claimed effect related to vision. The results highlight the importance of adequate choices of OVs and MMs for an effective substantiation of claims related to visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Martini
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Augusto Innocenti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Psychology Unit, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Chiara Cosentino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Psychology Unit, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Bedogni
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Liver Research Center, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Donato Angelino
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Biasini
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Ivana Zavaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Endocrinology, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
- The Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Daniela Galli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sport and Exercise Medicine Centre (SEM), University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Prisco Mirandola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sport and Exercise Medicine Centre (SEM), University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Marco Vitale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Sport and Exercise Medicine Centre (SEM), University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Dei Cas
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Endocrinology, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
- The Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Riccardo C Bonadonna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Endocrinology, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
- The Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Passeri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Building Clinica Medica Generale, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Carlo Pruneti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Psychology Unit, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
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Thompson DA, Fritsch DM, Hardy SE. The changing shape of the ISCEV standard pattern onset VEP. Doc Ophthalmol 2017; 135:69-76. [PMID: 28612321 PMCID: PMC5532414 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-017-9596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Pattern onset VEPs do not always show distinct C1–C2–C3 peaks and troughs. Our purpose was to study changes in pattern onset VEP with age to determine when the illustrated ISCEV standard onset VEP waveform can be reliably recorded. Methods We recorded pattern onset VEPs from an Oz electrode referred to mid-frontal electrode according to ISCEV standards by presenting checks of 60′ and 15′ side length in a 15° field. Twenty-four adults aged 20–63 years participated. Amplitudes and latencies were collated. Pattern onset adult VEP shapes were compared to the waveform published in the ISCEV VEP standard and to paediatric pattern onset VEP waveforms recorded from 16 infants aged 7 months. Results The shape of the pattern onset VEP changed gradually with age. The C1–C2–C3 morphology of the ISCEV standard pattern onset VEP becomes apparent consistently after 40 years to 60′ check stimulation. As age increases a negative trough, C2 is more frequently seen; however, the broad positive peak which characterises infant onset VEPs may still be recorded at 20 years. The group median measurements of onset VEPs to 60′ were C1 7 µV@ 88 ms (range 67–110 ms), C2 9 µV@109 ms (range 89–158 ms) and C3 13 µV@121–246 ms. To smaller 15′ checks, peak latencies were earlier and C2 became more obvious. The group median measures of onset VEPs to 15′ were C1 2 µV@69 ms (55–108 ms), C2 10 µV@90 ms (77–145 ms) and C3 14 µV@122 ms (99–200 ms). Conclusion The ISCEV standard onset VEP best describes the waveform configuration and latency of the onset VEP produced by 60′ checks in adults of more than 40 years of age. The onset VEP waveform produced by 15′ checks is distinguished by more prominent negative C2 and earlier C1 and C2 latencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy A Thompson
- The Tony Kriss Visual Electrophysiology Unit, Clinical and Academic Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK. .,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - Dennis M Fritsch
- The Tony Kriss Visual Electrophysiology Unit, Clinical and Academic Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Sharon E Hardy
- The Tony Kriss Visual Electrophysiology Unit, Clinical and Academic Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
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LeBlanc JJ, Nelson CA. Deletion and duplication of 16p11.2 are associated with opposing effects on visual evoked potential amplitude. Mol Autism 2016; 7:30. [PMID: 27354901 PMCID: PMC4924305 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-016-0095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Duplication and deletion of the chromosomal region 16p11.2 cause a broad range of impairments, including intellectual disability, language disorders, and sensory symptoms. However, it is unclear how changes in 16p11.2 dosage affect cortical circuitry during development. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the visual evoked potential (VEP) could be used as a noninvasive quantitative measure of cortical processing in children with 16p11.2 copy number variation. Methods Pattern-reversal VEPs were successfully recorded in 19 deletion carriers, 9 duplication carriers, and 13 typically developing children between the ages of 3 and 14 years. The stimulus was a black and white checkerboard (60’) that reversed contrast at 2 Hz. VEP responses were extracted from continuous EEG recorded using a high-density elasticized electrode net. Results Quantitative analysis of the VEP waveform revealed that, relative to controls, deletion carriers displayed increased amplitude and duplication carriers displayed diminished amplitude. Latencies of the VEP waveform components were unaffected by 16p11.2 status. P1 amplitude did not correlate with age, IQ, or head circumference. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that recording VEP is a useful method to assay cortical processing in children with 16p11.2 copy number variation. There is a gene dosage-dependent effect on P1 amplitude that merits further investigation. The VEP is directly translatable to animal models, offering a promising way to probe the neurobiological mechanisms underlying cortical dysfunction in this developmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn J LeBlanc
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA USA ; Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA USA ; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA USA ; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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Boggio E, Pancrazi L, Gennaro M, Lo Rizzo C, Mari F, Meloni I, Ariani F, Panighini A, Novelli E, Biagioni M, Strettoi E, Hayek J, Rufa A, Pizzorusso T, Renieri A, Costa M. Visual impairment in FOXG1-mutated individuals and mice. Neuroscience 2016; 324:496-508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Tan ACS, Chen L, Png R, Chia A. The diagnosis and assessment of visual function in Singaporean children with electrophysiology: 10-year results. Doc Ophthalmol 2016; 132:189-99. [PMID: 27084553 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-016-9539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the clinical use and efficacy of electrophysiology in children. METHODS This was a retrospective review of all children aged <16 years, who were referred to the Visual Electrophysiology Laboratory at the Singapore National Eye Center between 2003 and 2013. RESULTS A total of 586 children, median age 8 years (range 0.15-16), were referred for a variety of reasons including investigation of poor vision (40 %), suspected retinal disease or optic nerve/cortical dysfunction (17 %), nystagmus (13 %) and screening or monitoring of a variety of ocular or neurological conditions (12 %). The number of children with vision 6/15 or worse was 418 (71 %), and 103 (18 %) had vision 6/120 or worse in at least one eye. The most common pathology noted was retinal dystrophy or dysfunction (41 %) or optic nerve/cortical dysfunction (12 %). In 30 %, visual electrophysiology was within normal limits, and in 6 %, a conclusive diagnosis could not be obtained. CONCLUSION Electrophysiology testing played an important role in the assessment of children and added to the clinical management of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C S Tan
- Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Singapore. .,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - LiYu Chen
- Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Rena Png
- Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Audrey Chia
- Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
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LeBlanc JJ, DeGregorio G, Centofante E, Vogel-Farley VK, Barnes K, Kaufmann WE, Fagiolini M, Nelson CA. Visual evoked potentials detect cortical processing deficits in Rett syndrome. Ann Neurol 2015; 78:775-86. [PMID: 26332183 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutation of the X-linked MECP2 gene and characterized by developmental regression during the first few years of life. The objective of this study was to investigate if the visual evoked potential (VEP) could be used as an unbiased, quantitative biomarker to monitor brain function in RTT. METHODS We recorded pattern-reversal VEPs in Mecp2 heterozygous female mice and 34 girls with RTT. The amplitudes and latencies of VEP waveform components were quantified, and were related to disease stage, clinical severity, and MECP2 mutation type in patients. Visual acuity was also assessed in both mice and patients by modulating the spatial frequency of the stimuli. RESULTS Mecp2 heterozygous female mice and RTT patients exhibited a similar decrease in VEP amplitude that was most striking in the later stages of the disorder. RTT patients also displayed a slower recovery from the principal peak of the VEP response that was impacted by MECP2 mutation type. When the spatial frequency of the stimulus was increased, both patients and mice displayed a deficit in discriminating smaller patterns, indicating lower visual spatial acuity in RTT. INTERPRETATION VEP is a method that can be used to assess brain function across species and in children with severe disabilities like RTT. Our findings support the introduction of standardized VEP analysis in clinical and research settings to probe the neurobiological mechanism underlying functional impairment and to longitudinally monitor progression of the disorder and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn J LeBlanc
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston.,F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston.,Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Geneva DeGregorio
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston
| | - Eleonora Centofante
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston
| | - Vanessa K Vogel-Farley
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston
| | - Katherine Barnes
- Rett Syndrome Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston
| | - Walter E Kaufmann
- Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Rett Syndrome Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston
| | - Michela Fagiolini
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston.,Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston.,Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA
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Early childhood development of visual texture segregation in full-term and preterm children. Vision Res 2015; 112:1-10. [PMID: 25976298 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To date, very little is known about the normal development trajectory of visual texture segregation, or how it is affected by preterm birth. The goal of this study was to characterize the development of visual texture segregation using texture segregation visual evoked potentials (tsVEPs) in children born full-term and children born preterm without major neurological impairment. Forty-five full-term and 43 preterm children were tested at either 12, 24 or 36 months of age (corrected age for prematurity at 12 and 24 months old). VEPs were obtained using two lower-level stimuli defined by orientation (oriVEP) and two higher-level stimuli defined by texture (texVEP). TsVEP was obtained by dividing by two the subtraction of oriVEP from texVEP. Results show a clear maturation of the processes underlying visual texture segregation in the full-term group, with a significant N2 latency reduction between 12 and 36 months of age for all conditions. Significant N2 amplitude reduction was observed for oriVEP between 12 and 24 months, as well as for texVEP between 12 and 24 months, and 12 and 36 months. Comparison between full-term and preterm children indicated significantly lower N2 amplitude for the preterm group at 12 months for oriVEP and texVEP. These differences were no longer apparent at 24 months of age, suggesting that children born preterm catch up with their full-term counterparts somewhere between 12 and 24 months of age. Our results appear to reflect a maturational delay in preterm children in both lower-level and higher-level visual processing during, at least, early childhood.
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Libertus K, Needham A. Face preference in infancy and its relation to motor activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025414535122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Infants’ preference for faces was investigated in a cross-sectional sample of 75 children, aged 3 to 11 months, and 23 adults. A visual preference paradigm was used where pairs of faces and toys were presented side-by-side while eye gaze was recorded. In addition, motor activity was assessed via parent report and the relation between motor activity and face preference was examined. Face preference scores followed an inverted U-shaped developmental trajectory with no face preference in 3-month-olds, a strong face preference in 5- and 9-month-olds, and a weaker face preference in 11-month-olds. Adults showed no reliable face preference. Motor activity was a significant predictor of face preference in 3-month-old infants, supporting the presence of motor-social connections in early infancy.
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Pompe MT, Kranjc BS, Brecelj J. Chromatic visual evoked potentials in paediatric population. Doc Ophthalmol 2013; 128:43-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s10633-013-9419-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Van Mierlo C, Spileers W, Legius E, Casteels I, Cassiman C. Role of visual evoked potentials in the assessment and management of optic pathway gliomas in children. Doc Ophthalmol 2013; 127:177-90. [PMID: 23884797 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-013-9399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the role of pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (pVEPs) in the screening and monitoring of optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) in children with and without neurofibromatosis type 1. METHODS A review of the English literature published between 1980 and 2012 was performed, with comparison of results of retro- and prospective studies. RESULTS Pattern reversal VEPs have a high sensitivity (85.7-100 %) for the diagnosis of OPGs, moreover they are safe and cost-effective. Conversely, they have a low specificity (43-83 %) and are not widely available. Besides, pattern reversal VEP results can be unreliable in young children, because of the need for a good cooperation. The studies that were analyzed have drawbacks, including the small sample size, the retrospective design, the differences in gold standard for diagnosis, the different interpretation of small changes in VEP results and the lack of control groups. CONCLUSION There is still debate about the gold standard for the screening and follow-up of OPGs. The added value of pVEPs to the ophthalmic examination is controversial. Randomized controlled trials or prospective multicentre studies are necessary to assess with sufficient accuracy the sensitivity and specificity of pattern reversal VEPs in the screening for OPGs and its follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Van Mierlo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000, Leuven, Belgium,
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Conducting shorter VEP tests to estimate visual acuity via assessment of SNR. Doc Ophthalmol 2012; 126:21-8. [PMID: 23099657 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-012-9355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The estimation of visual acuity (VA) via visual evoked potentials (VEP) is a valuable measure for all preverbal and non-verbal subjects whether adults or children. The aim of this study is to introduce a novel technique of VEP acquisition based on estimates of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and comparison to a predefined detection threshold. We aim to demonstrate the reduction in total study time without compromising the accuracy of the VEP-determined acuity estimate. METHODS The VEP-determined acuity of twelve normal subjects was assessed via a spatial frequency (SF) sweep. A pattern reversal checkerboard stimulus utilised SFs ranging from 0.1 to 28 cycles per degree (cpd). Using linear extrapolation and Bland-Altman analysis, VEP-acquired acuity was compared to a conventional Snellen Acuity measurement. An SNR test, Fsp, assessed signal quality to determine the minimum amount of sweep data required for VEP-based VA estimation. RESULTS VEP acuity estimates correlated strongly (r2=0.91, SD=0.06), leading to a VA limit via extrapolation. Bland-Altman analysis revealed agreement between tests is statistically valid (95% CI -0.11 to 0.42 logMAR). The Fsp statistic indicated SFs 1.3-3.6 cpd yielded Fsp>3.1 within 15 s of acquisition with frequencies>3.6 cpd being sub-threshold. The Kruskal-Wallis statistic compared final Fsp values for SFs as groups, where F=208.82 ranking each frequency, with frequencies>7.2 cpd ranking lowest. DISCUSSION The Fsp as an SNR measurement shows that rapid, quality-driven clinical tests for VEP-based acuity estimates can be conducted without compromising accuracy.
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Lee J, Birtles D, Wattam-Bell J, Atkinson J, Braddick O. Orientation-reversal VEP: comparison of phase and peak latencies in adults and infants. Vision Res 2012; 63:50-7. [PMID: 22575338 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2012.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The peak latency of pattern-reversal (PR)-VEP has been found to develop rapidly, reaching the adult level around 15 weeks of age. However, the development of orientation-reversal (OR)-VEP, reflecting the specific spatial organization of cortical receptive fields, still remains unknown. OR-VEP was tested in 81 adults at 1-12 reversals/sec (r/s) and 94 infants (age 4-79 weeks) at 2-8r/s. OR data at 4r/s from an additional 123 infants (age 4.0-20.3 weeks) studied previously were also analyzed. In addition to peak transient latencies at 1-4r/s, latency values derived from the gradient of phase against temporal frequency in steady-state recording were also calculated. For both adults and infants, no significant latency differences in the initial positive peaks were found among the low reversal rates. The calculated latency was statistically longer than the transient latency in both groups. While the transient latency asymptoted to adult value of 102 ms at around 50 weeks of age, the calculated latency, unlike that for PR-VEP, showed little variation across the age span. The data suggest a dominant effect of transmission delay on the initial peak in infancy, which reduces with age. However, the overall timing of the cortical response to orientation change remains slower than for pattern reversal in the fully developed visual cortex. Upon reaching maturity, the latencies of the initial positive peak in both pattern and orientation VEPs may arise from the same level of cortical processing in V1, but the overall time course reflected in the steady-state phase continues to show a much more prolonged response to orientation change than the transmission delay seen in the transient VEPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lee
- Visual Development Unit, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK.
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VEP characteristics in children with achiasmia, in comparison to albino and healthy children. Doc Ophthalmol 2012; 124:109-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s10633-012-9315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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The effects of maternal supplementation of polyunsaturated Fatty acids on visual, neurobehavioural, and developmental outcomes of the child: a systematic review of the randomized trials. Obstet Gynecol Int 2012; 2012:591531. [PMID: 22315616 PMCID: PMC3270452 DOI: 10.1155/2012/591531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) use in pregnancy has been promoted as beneficial for visual and neurobehavioural development in the fetus. However, no systematic review of the randomized trials has been conducted. The objective of this review was to evaluate potential advantages of this regiment by reviewing all randomized trials in pregnancy. Methods. Systematic review of randomized controlled studies comparing cognitive and visual achievements among infants whose mothers were treated and untreated with PUFA during gestation. Results. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, three focusing on visual and six on neurobehavioural development. Due to differing outcome measurements in the infants, the studies could not be combined into a formal meta-analysis. Synthesizing the existing data, for both visual and neurobehavioural development, most studies could not show sustained benefits to infant cognition or visual development. Conclusion. At the present time a recommendation to change practice and supplement all expecting mothers with PUFA to improve offspring vision or neurobehavioural function is not supported by existing evidence.
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Daluwatte C, Miles JH, Christ SE, Beversdorf DQ, Lofgreen A, Berliner N, Yao G. Age-dependent pupillary light reflex parameters in children. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2012; 2012:3776-3779. [PMID: 23366750 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2012.6346789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pupillary light reflex (PLR) refers to the phenomenon where pupil size changes in response to stimulation with a flash of light. It is a simple functional test that can reveal dysfunctions associated with the PLR pathway. Although abnormal PLR responses have been reported in many neurological disorders, few studies investigated neurodevelopmental effects on PLR parameters. We studied the effect of age on PLR in a group of 6 to 17 year old children with typical development. A significant and consistent age effect was found on PLR latency in children younger than 10 years old. Age effects were also observed in resting pupil diameter and constriction amplitude. However such age related trends were not observed in children with neurodevelopment disorders. These results suggest that PLR has the potential to be used as a simple noninvasive tool for monitoring neurodevelopment in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathuri Daluwatte
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211,
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de Sonneville LMJ, Huijbregts SCJ, Licht R, Sergeant JA, van Spronsen FJ. Pre-attentive processing in children with early and continuously-treated PKU. Effects of concurrent Phe level and lifetime dietary control. J Inherit Metab Dis 2011; 34:953-62. [PMID: 21541727 PMCID: PMC3137776 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-011-9321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sixty-four children, aged 7 to 14 years, with early-treated PKU, were compared with control children on visual evoked potential (VEP) amplitudes and latencies and auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) amplitudes. It was further investigated whether indices of dietary control would be associated with these evoked potentials parameters. There were no significant differences between controls and children with PKU in VEP- and MMN-indices. However, higher lifetime Phe levels were, in varying degree and stronger than concurrent Phe level, related to increased N75 amplitudes, suggesting abnormalities in attention, and longer P110 latencies, indicating a reduction in speed of neural processing, possibly due to deficits in myelination or reduced dopamine levels in brain and retina. Similarly, higher lifetime Phe levels and Index of Dietary Control (IDC) were associated with decreased MMN amplitudes, suggesting a reduced ability to respond to stimulus change and poorer triggering of the frontally mediated attention switch. In summary, the present study in children with PKU investigated bottom-up information processing, i.e., triggered by external events, a fundamental prerequisite for the individual's responsiveness to the outside world. Results provide evidence that quality of dietary control may affect the optimal development of these pre-attentive processes, and suggest the existence of windows of vulnerability to Phe exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo M J de Sonneville
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, and Dept. of Clinical Child and Adolescent Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333, AK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Dockstader C, Gaetz W, Rockel C, Mabbott DJ. White matter maturation in visual and motor areas predicts the latency of visual activation in children. Hum Brain Mapp 2011; 33:179-91. [PMID: 21432944 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, white matter maturation is important for the improvement of cognitive function and performance with age. Across studies the variables of white matter maturity and age are highly correlated; however, the unique contributions of white matter to information processing speed remain relatively unknown. We investigated the relations between the speed of the visually-evoked P100m response and the biophysical properties of white matter in 11 healthy children performing a simple, visually-cued finger movement. We found that: (1) the latency of the early, visually-evoked response was related to the integrity of white matter in both visual and motor association areas and (2) white matter maturation in these areas accounted for the variations in visual processing speed, independent of age. Our study is a novel investigation of spatial-temporal dynamics in the developing brain and provides evidence that white matter maturation accounts for age-related decreases in the speed of visual response. Developmental models of cortical specialization should incorporate the unique role of white matter maturation in mediating changes in performance during tasks involving visual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Dockstader
- The Hospital for Sick Children Psychology, 555 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Feng JJ, Xu X, Wang WP, Guo SJ, Yang H. Pattern visual evoked potential performance in preterm preschoolers with average intelligence quotients. Early Hum Dev 2011; 87:61-6. [PMID: 21109371 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm infants are more likely to develop visual perceptual and visual-motor impairments. Visual perceptual deficiencies may contribute to significant difficulties in daily life, but few reports are available relating electrophysiological assessment of the visual system to spatial information problems in premature preschoolers with average intelligence quotients. AIM This study was designed to investigate preterm preschoolers' responses to various spatial frequencies of pattern reversal visual evoked potential (PRVEP) and compare them to normal children. DESIGN Participants were 20 very low birth weight (VLBW), 41 low birth weight (LBW) and 41 normal children who were 4 to 6 years old and were free from major disability and developmentally appropriate for gestational age at birth. They were evaluated using the Chinese population adaptation of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) and recorded PRVEP at five levels of spatial frequency (checkerboard pattern (check) sizes of 108', 54', 27', 13' and 7') using a VikingQuest-IV neuroelectrophysiological device (Nicolet, Madison, WI, USA). RESULTS Compared with normal children, the LBW and VLBW groups had significantly lower level in the tests of verbal, performance and overall intelligence quotients, particularly in performance, although the levels were within the average range. The PRVEP P100 wave latencies were significantly prolonged at all five degrees of spatial frequency in the VLBW group compared with the controls, while showing delay in the LBW with 13' and 7' check size. In the meanwhile, the amplitudes of P100 at all five spatial frequencies were significantly smaller in the VLBW and LBW groups than in the normal children. And VLBW group had even lower P100 amplitudes than the LBW group. CONCLUSIONS Preterm preschoolers with average cognition capability are at risk of defect in visual-spatial perception, especially when they are confronted with more complicated information. PRVEP may provide an objective and convenient measurement in detecting the problem of visual perception in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Feng
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Brinciotti M, Matricardi M, Colatrella A, Torcia F, Fallucca F, Napoli A. Visual evoked potentials in infants of diabetic mothers: relations to clinical and metabolic status during pregnancy and delivery. Clin Neurophysiol 2009; 120:563-8. [PMID: 19181572 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2008] [Revised: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs) and psychomotor development of infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) in relation to clinical and metabolic data during pregnancy and delivery. METHODS VEPs and psychomotor development (Brunet-Lézine) were analysed in 40 two-month-old IDMs (21 males, 19 females), 24 from mothers with type-1 diabetes, 13 gestational diabetes, and 3 type-2 diabetes. Normative VEP data were obtained from 63 age matched controls. RESULTS VEP latencies were significantly longer in IDMs than in controls (O1 wave IV=197.9+/-35.5 vs 155.3+/-30.3; P<0.001; O2 wave IV=200.2+/-33.8 vs 155.6+/-29.0; P<0.001). The mean developmental quotient was normal. In IDMs with type-1 diabetes delayed VEPs were related to increased weight during pregnancy (r 0.516; P 0.009), 1st trimester fasting blood glucose (r 0.458; P 0.037), insulin requirement during the 2nd (r 0.441; P 0.035) and 3rd trimester (r 0.422; P 0.039); in IDMs with gestational diabetes, VEP latency showed negative relation to Apgar scores (r -0.748; P 0.008). CONCLUSIONS IDMs have delayed VEPs, which may possibly be related to poor metabolic control in pre-gestational diabetes, and to delivery complications in gestational diabetes. SIGNIFICANCE IDMs show subtle neurophysiologic changes detectable by VEPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brinciotti
- Department of Child Neuropsychiatry and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine I, Sapienza Rome University, Via dei Sabelli, 108, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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