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Ingels A, Scott R, Hooper AR, van der Westhuyzen AE, Wagh SB, de Meester J, Maddau L, Marko D, Aichinger G, Berger W, Vermeersch M, Pérez-Morga D, Maslivetc VA, Evidente A, van Otterlo WAL, Kornienko A, Mathieu V. New hemisynthetic derivatives of sphaeropsidin phytotoxins triggering severe endoplasmic reticulum swelling in cancer cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14674. [PMID: 38918539 PMCID: PMC11199504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sphaeropsidins are iso-pimarane diterpenes produced by phytopathogenic fungi that display promising anticancer activities. Sphaeropsidin A, in particular, has been shown to counteract regulatory volume increase, a process used by cancer cells to avoid apoptosis. This study reports the hemi-synthesis of new lipophilic derivatives obtained by modifications of the C15,C16-alkene moiety. Several of these compounds triggered severe ER swelling associated with strong proteasomal inhibition and consequently cell death, a feature that was not observed with respect to mode of action of the natural product. Significantly, an analysis from the National Cancer Institute sixty cell line testing did not reveal any correlations between the most potent derivative and any other compound in the database, except at high concentrations (LC50). This study led to the discovery of a new set of sphaeropsidin derivatives that may be exploited as potential anti-cancer agents, notably due to their maintained activity towards multidrug resistant models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Ingels
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- ULB Cancer Research Center, U-CRC, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robert Scott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Annie R Hooper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Aletta E van der Westhuyzen
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Sachin B Wagh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Joséphine de Meester
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Lucia Maddau
- Department of Agriculture, Section of Plant Pathology and Entomology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Aichinger
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Medical University of Vienna Center for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marjorie Vermeersch
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - David Pérez-Morga
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Vladimir A Maslivetc
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Willem A L van Otterlo
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.
| | - Véronique Mathieu
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
- ULB Cancer Research Center, U-CRC, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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Ahsan MJ, Ali A, Ali A, Thiriveedhi A, Bakht MA, Yusuf M, Salahuddin, Afzal O, Altamimi AS. Pyrazoline Containing Compounds as Therapeutic Targets for Neurodegenerative Disorders. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:38207-38245. [PMID: 36340076 PMCID: PMC9631758 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Pyrazolines are a significant class of heterocyclic compounds with essential biological activities. They are quite stable, which has inspired medicinal chemists to experiment with the ring's structure in many different ways to create a variety of pharmacological activities. The structures of numerous commercially available therapeutic agents contain a pyrazoline ring. Pyrazolines are well-known for their ability to treat neurodegenerative diseases. The neurodegenerative diseases that affect huge populations globally include Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and psychiatric disorders. The neuroprotective properties of pyrazolines published since 2003 are covered in the current review. Structure-activity relationships (SARs), molecular docking simulation, anticholinesterase (anti-AChE), and monoamine oxidase (MAO A/B) inhibitory actions are all covered in this article. Pyrazolines were discovered to have beneficial effects in the management of AD and were revealed to be inhibitors of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques. They were discovered to be efficient against PD and also targeted MAO B and COMT. It was discovered that the pyrazolines block MAO A to treat psychiatric diseases. Pyrazolines are significant heteroaromatic scaffolds with a variety of biological functions. They were discovered to be remarkably stable and serve as an indispensable anchor for the development of new drugs. By blocking AChE and MAOs, they may be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. The discussion outlined here is an essential and helpful resource for medicinal chemists who are investigating and applying pyrazolines in neurodegenerative research initiatives as well as to expedite future research programs on neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Jawed Ahsan
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Maharishi Arvind
College of Pharmacy, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302 039, India
| | - Amena Ali
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abuzer Ali
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif
University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arunkumar Thiriveedhi
- Vignan’s
Foundation for Science, Technology & Research Deemed to be University
Guntur, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh 522213, India
| | - Mohammed A. Bakht
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanity Studies, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 83, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Yusuf
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salahuddin
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute
of Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-2, Greater Noida, Uttar
Pradesh 201 306, India
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of
Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box- 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik Saleh
Alfawaz Altamimi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of
Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box- 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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3
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CCNA2 as an Immunological Biomarker Encompassing Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Response in Multiple Cancer Types. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5910575. [PMID: 35401923 PMCID: PMC8989596 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5910575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Cancer is a major threat to human health worldwide. Although recent innovations and advances in early detection and effective therapies such as targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors have saved more lives of cancer patients and improved their quality of life, our knowledge about cancer remains largely unknown. CCNA2 belongs to the cell cyclin family and has been demonstrated to be a tumorigenic gene in multiple solid tumor types. The aim of the present study was to make a comprehensive analysis on the role of CCNA2 at a pancancer level. Methods Multidatabases were collected to evaluate the different expression, prognostic value, DNA methylation, tumor mutation burden, microsatellite instability, mismatch repair, tumor immune microenvironment, and drug sensitivity of CCNA2 across pancancer. IHC was utilized to validate the expression and prognostic value of CCNA2 in ccRCC patients from SMMU cohort. Results CCNA2 was differentially expressed in most cancer types vs. normal tissues. CCNA2 may significantly influence the prognosis of multiple cancer types, especially clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). CCNA2 was also frequently mutated in most cancer types. Notably, CCNA2 was significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint inhibitory genes. In addition, CCNA2 was also strongly related to drug resistance. Conclusion CCNA2 may prove to be a new biomarker for prognostic prediction, tumor immunity assessment, and drug susceptibility evaluation in pancancer level, especially in ccRCC.
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Sing LC, Roy A, Hui LY, Mun CS, Rajak H, Karunakaran R, Ravichandran V. Multi-targeted molecular docking, drug-likeness and ADMET studies of derivatives of few quinoline- and acridine-based FDA-approved drugs for anti-breast cancer activity. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-01878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Klausz K, Kellner C, Gehlert CL, Krohn S, Wilcken H, Floerkemeier I, Günther A, Bauerschlag DO, Clement B, Gramatzki M, Peipp M. The Novel Dual Topoisomerase Inhibitor P8-D6 Shows Anti-myeloma Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 21:70-78. [PMID: 34725192 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
P8-D6 is a novel dual inhibitor of human topoisomerase I (TOP1) and II (TOP2) with broad pro-apoptotic antitumor activity. NCI-60 screening revealed markedly improved cytotoxicity of P8-D6 against solid and leukemia cell lines compared with other single and dual topoisomerase inhibitors, for example, irinotecan, doxorubicin, or pyrazoloacridine. In this study, we investigated the capacity of P8-D6 to inhibit myeloma cell growth in vitro and in vivo Growth inhibition assays demonstrated significant anti-myeloma effects against different myeloma cell lines with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range. Freshly isolated plasma cells of patients with multiple myeloma were killed by P8-D6 with similar doses. P8-D6 activated caspase 3/7 and induced significant apoptosis of myeloma cells. Supportive effects of bone marrow stromal cells on IL6-dependent INA-6 myeloma cells were abrogated by P8-D6 and apoptosis occurred in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Of note, healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were not affected at concentrations toxic for malignant plasma cells. Treatment of myeloma xenografts in immunodeficient SCID/beige mice by intravenous and, notably, also oral application of P8-D6 markedly inhibited tumor growths, and significantly prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Klausz
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, and Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Christian Kellner
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carina Lynn Gehlert
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, and Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Steffen Krohn
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, and Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hauke Wilcken
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, and Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Inken Floerkemeier
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Günther
- Helios Clinics Schwerin, Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, Schwerin, Germany
| | - Dirk O Bauerschlag
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bernd Clement
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Gramatzki
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, and Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, and Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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Upadhyay N, Tilekar K, Loiodice F, Anisimova NY, Spirina TS, Sokolova DV, Smirnova GB, Choe JY, Meyer-Almes FJ, Pokrovsky VS, Lavecchia A, Ramaa CS. Pharmacophore hybridization approach to discover novel pyrazoline-based hydantoin analogs with anti-tumor efficacy. Bioorg Chem 2021; 107:104527. [PMID: 33317839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In search for new and safer anti-cancer agents, a structurally guided pharmacophore hybridization strategy of two privileged scaffolds, namely diaryl pyrazolines and imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin), was adopted resulting in a newfangled series of compounds (H1-H22). Herein, a bio-isosteric replacement of "pyrrolidine-2,5-dione" moiety of our recently reported antitumor hybrid incorporating diaryl pyrazoline and pyrrolidine-2,5-dione scaffolds with "imidazoline-2,4-dione" moiety has been incorporated. Complete biological studies revealed the most potent analog among all i.e. compound H13, which was at-least 10-fold more potent compared to the corresponding pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, in colon and breast cancer cells. In-vitro studies showed activation of caspases, arrest of G0/G1 phase of cell cycle, decrease in the expression of anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) and increased DNA damage. In-vivo assay on HT-29 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma) animal xenograft model unveiled the significant anti-tumor efficacy along with oral bioavailability with maximum TGI 36% (i.p.) and 44% (per os) at 50 mg/kg dose. These findings confirm the suitability of hybridized pyrazoline and imidazolidine-2,4-dione analog H13 for its anti-cancer potential and starting-point for the development of more efficacious analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Kalpana Tilekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Natalia Yu Anisimova
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana S Spirina
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Darina V Sokolova
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina B Smirnova
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jun-Yong Choe
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Science, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Department of Biochemistry, People's Friendship University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, University of Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - C S Ramaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India.
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Georgakopoulos A, Kalampaliki AD, Gioti K, Hamdoun S, Giannopoulou AF, Efferth T, Stravopodis DJ, Tenta R, Marakos P, Pouli N, Kostakis IK. Synthesis of novel xanthone and acridone carboxamides with potent antiproliferative activities. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Stability Studies of Some Novel Aza-Acridine Aminoderivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194584. [PMID: 33049986 PMCID: PMC7582268 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Several new amino-substituted aza-acridine derivatives bearing a basic side chain have been designed and synthesized. The antiproliferative activity of the target compounds has been evaluated against three cancer cell lines-namely HCT-116 (colorectal), the uterine sarcoma MES-SA, and its doxorubicin-resistant variant MES-SA/Dx5. A limited number of the new acridines showed marginal cytotoxicity against the tested cell lines; nevertheless, these analogues possessed a similar substitution pattern. The moderate biological activity of these derivatives was attributed to their instability in aqueous media, which has been studied by mass spectrometry and computational chemistry experiments at the density functional level of theory (DFT).
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Nehra B, Rulhania S, Jaswal S, Kumar B, Singh G, Monga V. Recent advancements in the development of bioactive pyrazoline derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 205:112666. [PMID: 32795767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazolines remain privileged heterocycles in drug discovery. 2-Pyrazoline scaffold has been proven as a ubiquitous motif which is present in a number of pharmacologically important drug molecules such as antipyrine, ramifenazone, ibipinabant, axitinib etc. They have been widely explored by the scientific community and are reported to possess wide spectrum of biological activities. For combating unprecedented diseases and worldwide increasing drug resistance, 2-pyrazoline has been tackled as a fascinating pharmacophore to generate new molecules with improved potency and lesser toxicity along with desired pharmacokinetic profile. This review aims to summarizes various recent advancements in the medicinal chemistry of pyrazoline based compounds with the following objectives: (1) To represent inclusive data on pyrazoline based marketed drugs as well as therapeutic candidates undergoing preclinical and clinical developments; (2) To discuss recent advances in the medicinal chemistry of pyrazoline derivatives with their numerous biological significances for the eradication of various diseases; (3) Summarizes structure-activity relationships (SAR) including in silico and mechanistic studies to afford ideas for the design and development of novel compounds with desired therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupender Nehra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Rulhania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Shalini Jaswal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
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Aichinger G, Lichtenberger FB, Steinhauer TN, Flörkemeier I, Del Favero G, Clement B, Marko D. The Aza-Analogous Benzo[ c]phenanthridine P8-D6 Acts as a Dual Topoisomerase I and II Poison, thus Exhibiting Potent Genotoxic Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071524. [PMID: 32230817 PMCID: PMC7180443 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The benzo[c]phenanthridine P8-D6 was recently found to suppress the catalytic activity of both human topoisomerase (Topo) I and II. Concomitantly, potent cytotoxic activity was observed in different human tumor cell lines, raising questions about the underlying mechanisms in vitro. In the present study, we addressed the question of whether P8-D6 acts as a so-called Topo poison, stabilizing the covalent Topo-DNA intermediate, thus inducing fatal DNA strand breaks in proliferating cells. In HT-29 colon carcinoma cells, fluorescence imaging revealed P8-D6 to be taken up by the cells and to accumulate in the perinuclear region. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that the compound is partially located inside the nuclei, thus reaching the potential target. In the "in vivo complex of enzyme" (ICE) bioassay, treatment of HT-29 cells with P8-D6 for 1 h significantly enhanced the proportion of Topo I and II covalently linked to the DNA in concentrations ≥1 µM, indicating effective dual Topo poisoning. Potentially resulting DNA damage was analyzed by single-cell gel electrophoresis ("comet assay"). Already at 1 h of incubation, significant genotoxic effects were observed in the comet assay in concentrations as low as 1 nM. Taken together, the present study demonstrates the high Topo-poisoning and genotoxic potential of P8-D6 in human tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Aichinger
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.A.); (F.-B.L.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Falk-Bach Lichtenberger
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.A.); (F.-B.L.); (G.D.F.)
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gutenbergstraße 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.N.S.); (I.F.); (B.C.)
| | - Tamara N. Steinhauer
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gutenbergstraße 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.N.S.); (I.F.); (B.C.)
| | - Inken Flörkemeier
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gutenbergstraße 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.N.S.); (I.F.); (B.C.)
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.A.); (F.-B.L.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Bernd Clement
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gutenbergstraße 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.N.S.); (I.F.); (B.C.)
| | - Doris Marko
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.A.); (F.-B.L.); (G.D.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Ahmed NM, Youns M, Soltan MK, Said AM. Design, synthesis, molecular modelling, and biological evaluation of novel substituted pyrimidine derivatives as potential anticancer agents for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:1110-1120. [PMID: 31117890 PMCID: PMC6537702 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1612889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
New anticancer agents are highly needed to overcome cancer cell resistance. A novel series of pyrimidine pyrazoline-anthracene derivatives (PPADs) (4a-t) were designed and synthesised. The anti-liver cancer activity of all compounds was screened in vitro against two hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines (HepG2 and Huh-7) as well as normal fibroblast cells by resazurin assay. The designed compounds 4a-t showed a broad-spectrum anticancer activity against the two cell lines and their activity was more prominent on cancer compared to normal cells. Compound 4e showed high potency against HepG2 and Huh-7 cell lines ((IC50=5.34 and 6.13 μg/mL, respectively) comparable to that of doxorubicin (DOX) activities. A structure activity relationship (SAR) has been investigated and compounds 4e, 4i, 4m, and 4q were the most promising anticancer agents against tested cell lines. These compounds induced apoptosis in HepG2 and Huh-7 cells through significant activation of caspase 3/7 at all tested concentrations. In conclusion, 4e could be a potent anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa Mohamed Ahmed
- a Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Helwan University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Youns
- b Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Helwan University , Cairo , Egypt.,c Department of Functional Genome Analysis , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Moustafa Khames Soltan
- d Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt.,e Oman College of Health Sciences , Muscat , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Mohammed Said
- a Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Helwan University , Cairo , Egypt.,f Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , NY , USA
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Abd-Rabou AA, Abdel-Wahab BF, Bekheit MS. Synthesis, molecular docking, and evaluation of novel bivalent pyrazolinyl-1,2,3-triazoles as potential VEGFR TK inhibitors and anti-cancer agents. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0451-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wang H, Zheng J, Xu W, Chen C, Wei D, Ni W, Pan Y. A New Series of Cytotoxic Pyrazoline Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents that Induce Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101635. [PMID: 28961210 PMCID: PMC6151802 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of pyrazoline derivatives 1b-12b was designed, synthesized and evaluated for antiproliferative activity against three cancer cell lines (HepG-2, Hela and A549). Additionally, NIH/3T3 cell cytotoxicity were tested and the structure activity relationships (SARs) were also determined. Among these new derivatives, the compounds 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxythiophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide (1b) and 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxythiphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide (2b) showed the best activity against HepG-2 cells, with IC50 values of 6.78 μM and 16.02 μM, respectively. They also displayed potent activity against Hela cells; meanwhile, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxythiophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide (5b) and 3-(4-bromo-phenyl)-5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxythiophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide (6b) were also identified as promising anticancer agents against A549 cells owing to their notable inhibitory effect, compared with cisplatin (IC50 = 29.48 μM). Furthermore, it was also found that compounds 1b and 2b had low cytotoxicity against NIH/3T3 cells and further mechanistic studies revealed that 1b arrested HepG-2 cells cycle at the G2/M phase at high concentrations and induced apoptosis in HepG-2 cells. Moreover, 1b upregulated protein expression level of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, Bax and p53 and downregulated protein expression level of Bcl-2 in dose-dependent way in HepG-2 cells. Thus, this study indicates that compound 1b might be a promising antitumor drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jinhong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Weijie Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Duncan Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wenxiu Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Xu W, Pan Y, Wang H, Li H, Peng Q, Wei D, Chen C, Zheng J. Synthesis and Evaluation of New Pyrazoline Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents in HepG-2 Cell Line. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030467. [PMID: 28300751 PMCID: PMC6155299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health concern worldwide. Adverse effects of cancer treatments still compromise patients' quality of life. To identify new potential anticancer agents, a series of novel pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxic effects on HepG-2 (human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line) and primary hepatocytes. Compound structures were confirmed by ¹H-NMR, mass spectrometry, and infrared imaging. An in vitro assay demonstrated that several compounds exerted cytotoxicity in the micromolar range. Benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl-[5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-4,5-dihydo-pyrazol-1-yl]-methanone (b17) was the most effective anticancer agent against HepG-2 cells owing to its notable inhibitory effect on HepG-2 with an IC50 value of 3.57 µM when compared with cisplatin (IC50 = 8.45 µM) and low cytotoxicity against primary hepatocytes. Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis/necrosis evaluation using this compound revealed that b17 notably arrested HepG-2 cells in the G₂/M phase and induced HepG-2 cells apoptosis. Our findings indicate that compound b17 may be a promising anticancer drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qing Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong, China.
| | - Duncan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jinhong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Zhang B, Li X, Li B, Gao C, Jiang Y. Acridine and its derivatives: a patent review (2009 - 2013). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 24:647-64. [PMID: 24848259 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.902052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acridine derivatives have been extensively explored as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of a number of diseases, such as cancer, Alzheimer's, and bacterial and protozoan infections. Their mode of action is mainly attributed to DNA intercalation and the subsequent effects on the biological processes linked to DNA and its related enzymes. AREA COVERED This review covers the relevant efforts in developing acridine derivatives with enhanced therapeutic potency and selectivity and as fluorescent materials, with particular focus on the newly patented acridine derivatives in 2009 - 2013, acridine drugs in clinical trials and preclinical studies, and other new derivatives that emerged in 2009 - 2013. EXPERT OPINION Thousands of acridines with therapeutic and biological activities or with photochemical properties have been developed. In addition, to modify the position and the nature of the substituent on the acridine core, more attention may be paid to the development of azaacridine or other heteroatom-substituted acridine derivatives and their synthesis methods to broaden the application of acridine derivatives. In cancer chemotherapy, the mode of action of acridine derivatives needs to be further studied. Efficient methods for identification and optimization of acridine derivatives to localize at the sites of disease need to be further developed. Moreover, acridine drugs may be combined with such bioactive agents as DNA repair proteins inhibitors to overcome tumor resistance and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Tsinghua University, Department of Chemistry , Beijing 100084 , PR China
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Arslan C, Altundag K, Dizdar O. Emerging drugs in metastatic breast cancer: an update. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2011; 16:647-67. [PMID: 22122529 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2011.640672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of breast cancer at an advanced stage has decreased in the modern world due to screening programs and usage of novel chemotherapy agents at an adjuvant setting. Recurrence is the major problem seen in > 50% of breast cancer patients diagnosed at an early stage. Developing new drugs for metastatic breast cancer is a huge and challenging research area. AREAS COVERED Emerging drugs showed positive results in clinical studies and agents in routine clinical usage are updated. Current treatment strategies as a combination of biologic agents and overcoming drug resistance are discussed. Literature search is made from PubMed, ASCO and San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium Meeting abstracts. EXPERT OPINION A number of drugs caused survival benefit for advanced breast cancer. Hundreds of new studies with tens of agents are conducted for treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Tumor resistance and treatment related toxicities are unavoidable which are two main search areas for improving metastatic breast cancer management. Understanding the pathways of genesis and progression yielded many targets for treatment. However, cure in metastatic breast cancer is still a far aim and new agents and treatment strategies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagatay Arslan
- Hacettepe University Institute of Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara, Turkey
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