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Voura M, Anwar S, Sigala I, Parasidou E, Fragoulidou S, Hassan MI, Sarli V. Synthesis, Structural Modification, and Bioactivity Evaluation of Substituted Acridones as Potent Microtubule Affinity-Regulating Kinase 4 Inhibitors. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1052-1074. [PMID: 37470016 PMCID: PMC10353068 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Acridones present numerous pharmacological activities, including inhibition of microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4 (MARK4) kinase activity. To investigate structure-activity relationships and develop potent MARK4 inhibitors, derivatives of 2-methylacridone were synthesized and tested for their activity against MARK4 kinase. Selective substitutions at the nitrogen atom were accomplished by treating 2-methylacridone with alkyl halides in the presence of K2CO3. In addition, amidation of acridone acetic acid 11 with piperazine or tryptophan methyl ester followed by derivatization with various amines gave a series of new acridone derivatives. Among the tested compounds, six were identified as possessing high inhibitory activity against MARK4. The molecular modeling studies showed that the derivatives bearing piperazine or tryptophan bind well to the ATP-binding site of MARK4. The antiproliferative activity of six active compounds was evaluated against HeLa and U87MG cancer cells. Tryptophan derivatives 23a, 23b, and 23c showed significant cytotoxicity against both cell lines with EC50 values ranging from 2.13 to 4.22 μM, while derivatives bearing piperazine were found to be not cytotoxic. Additionally, compound 23a decreased the proliferation of human MDA-MB-435 and U251 cancer cells in the low micromolar range; however, it also affects the non-cancerous HGF cells. Due to their high binding affinity against MARK4, the synthesized compounds could be potential agents to target MARK4 against cancer and tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Voura
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Saleha Anwar
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ioanna Sigala
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Parasidou
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Souzanna Fragoulidou
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Vasiliki Sarli
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Varakumar P, Rajagopal K, Aparna B, Raman K, Byran G, Gonçalves Lima CM, Rashid S, Nafady MH, Emran TB, Wybraniec S. Acridine as an Anti-Tumour Agent: A Critical Review. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010193. [PMID: 36615391 PMCID: PMC9822522 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarized the current breakthroughs in the chemistry of acridines as anti-cancer agents, including new structural and biologically active acridine attributes. Acridine derivatives are a class of compounds that are being extensively researched as potential anti-cancer drugs. Acridines are well-known for their high cytotoxic activity; however, their clinical application is restricted or even excluded as a result of side effects. The photocytotoxicity of propyl acridine acts against leukaemia cell lines, with C1748 being a promising anti-tumour drug against UDP-UGT's. CK0403 is reported in breast cancer treatment and is more potent than CK0402 against estrogen receptor-negative HER2. Acridine platinum (Pt) complexes have shown specificity on the evaluated DNA sequences; 9-anilinoacridine core, which intercalates DNA, and a methyl triazene DNA-methylating moiety were also studied. Acridine thiourea gold and acridinone derivatives act against cell lines such as MDA-MB-231, SK-BR-3, and MCF-7. Benzimidazole acridine compounds demonstrated cytotoxic activity against Dual Topo and PARP-1. Quinacrine, thiazacridine, and azacridine are reported as anti-cancer agents, which have been reported in the previous decade and were addressed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Potlapati Varakumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research), Ooty 643001, India
| | - Kalirajan Rajagopal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research), Ooty 643001, India
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (T.B.E.); (S.W.)
| | - Baliwada Aparna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research), Ooty 643001, India
| | - Kannan Raman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research), Ooty 643001, India
| | - Gowramma Byran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research), Ooty 643001, India
| | | | - Salma Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed H. Nafady
- Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12568, Egypt
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (T.B.E.); (S.W.)
| | - Sławomir Wybraniec
- Department of Chemical Technology and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (T.B.E.); (S.W.)
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3
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A comprehensive review on acridone based derivatives as future anti-cancer agents and their structure activity relationships. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 239:114527. [PMID: 35717872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The development of drug resistance and severe side-effects has reduced the clinical efficacy of the existing anti-cancer drugs available in the market. Thus, there is always a constant need to develop newer anti-cancer drugs with minimal adverse effects. Researchers all over the world have been focusing on various alternative strategies to discover novel, potent, and target specific molecules for cancer therapy. In this direction, several heterocyclic compounds are being explored but amongst them one promising heterocycle is acridone which has attracted the attention of medicinal chemists and gained huge biological importance as acridones are found to act on different therapeutically proven molecular targets, overcome ABC transporters mediated drug resistance and DNA intercalation in cancer cells. Some of these acridone derivatives have reached clinical studies as these heterocycles have shown huge potential in cancer therapeutics and imaging. Here, the authors have attempted to compile and make some recommendations of acridone based derivatives concerning their cancer biological targets and in vitro-cytotoxicity based on drug design and novelty to increase their therapeutic potential. This review also provides some important insights on the design, receptor targeting and future directions for the development of acridones as possible clinically effective anti-cancer agents.
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4
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Kozurkova M. Acridine derivatives as inhibitors/poisons of topoisomerase II. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:544-552. [PMID: 34514603 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The potential of acridines (amsacrine) as a topoisomerase II inhibitor or poison was first discovered in 1984, and since then, a considerable number of acridine derivatives have been tested as topoisomerase inhibitors/poisons, containing different substituents on the acridine chromophore. This review will discuss a series of studies published over the course of the last decade, which have investigated various novel acridine derivatives against topoisomerase II activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kozurkova
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic.,Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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5
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Thorat BR, Rani D, Yamgar RS, Mali SN. Synthesis, Spectroscopic, In-vitro and Computational Analysis of Hydrazones as Potential Antituberculosis Agents: (Part-I). Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 23:392-401. [PMID: 32209038 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323999200325125858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the last few decades, the healthcare sector is facing the problem of the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) infections all over the world. Regardless of the current healthcare progress for the treatment of mycobacterial infections, we are still unable to control addition of every year 9 million new cases of tuberculosis (TB). OBJECTIVE We had an objective to synthesize some novel hydrazones, which were further subjected to characterization, Photoluminescence study, in vitro anti-mycobacterium testing and in silico ADMET predictions. METHODS Some new hydrazone derivatives have been successfully prepared by the condensation reaction in the present study. All the compounds were characterized by using FTIR, NMR, UV, Fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. RESULTS All our newly synthesized compounds showed strong electronic excitation at 292.6 - 319.0 nm and displayed more intense emissions in the 348 - 365 nm regions except compound 3i. The newly synthesized hydrazones 3a, 3b, 3f and 3g were found to be the most active compounds and showed MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentrations) values of 12.5 μg/mL. CONCLUSION In the realm of development of more potent, effective, safer and less toxic antituberculosis agents; our current study would definitely help the medicinal chemists to develop potent analogues containing hydrazine motifs in them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bapu R Thorat
- Department of Chemistry, Government of Maharashtra's Ismail Yusuf College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Mumbai 60, India
| | - Deepa Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Government of Maharashtra's Ismail Yusuf College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Mumbai 60, India
| | - Ramesh S Yamgar
- Department of Chemistry, Chikitsak Samuha's Patkar-Varde College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Goregaon (West), Mumbai 400 062, India
| | - Suraj N Mali
- Government College of Pharmacy, Karad, Maharashtra, 415125, India
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6
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Liang X, Wu Q, Luan S, Yin Z, He C, Yin L, Zou Y, Yuan Z, Li L, Song X, He M, Lv C, Zhang W. A comprehensive review of topoisomerase inhibitors as anticancer agents in the past decade. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:129-168. [PMID: 30917303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The topoisomerase enzymes play an important role in DNA metabolism, and searching for enzyme inhibitors is an important target in the search for new anticancer drugs. Discovery of new anticancer chemotherapeutical capable of inhibiting topoisomerase enzymes is highlighted in anticancer research. Therefore, biologists, organic chemists and medicinal chemists all around the world have been identifying, designing, synthesizing and evaluating a variety of novel bioactive molecules targeting topoisomerase. This review summarizes types of topoisomerase inhibitors in the past decade, and divides them into nine classes by structural characteristics, including N-heterocycles compounds, quinone derivatives, flavonoids derivatives, coumarin derivatives, lignan derivatives, polyphenol derivatives, diterpenes derivatives, fatty acids derivatives, and metal complexes. Then we discussed the application prospect and development of these anticancer compounds, as well as concluded parts of their structural-activity relationships. We believe this review would be invaluable in helping to further search potential topoisomerase inhibition as antitumor agent in clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| | - Qiang Wu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Shangxian Luan
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhixiang Yuan
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Min He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
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Kim S, Kundu A, Chun R, Han SH, Pandey AK, Yoo S, Park J, Kim HS, Ku JM, Kim IS. Direct Synthesis of 2-Acyl Acridines Using Aldimines and Anthranils: Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Anti-Inflammatory Activity. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saegun Kim
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Kundu
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Rina Chun
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Han
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Ashok Kumar Pandey
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungin Yoo
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Park
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Mo Ku
- Biocenter; Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator (GBSA); Suwon 16229 Republic of Korea
| | - In Su Kim
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
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8
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Faisal M, Shahid S, Ghumro SA, Saeed A, Larik FA, Shaheen Z, Channar PA, Fattah TA, Rasheed S, Mahesar PA. DABCO–PEG ionic liquid-based synthesis of acridine analogous and its inhibitory activity on alkaline phosphatase. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2017.1409898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faisal
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shereena Shahid
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sarfaraz Ali Ghumro
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fayaz Ali Larik
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zeenat Shaheen
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Samina Rasheed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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9
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Gensicka-Kowalewska M, Cholewiński G, Dzierzbicka K. Recent developments in the synthesis and biological activity of acridine/acridone analogues. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01026e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many people in the world struggle with cancer or bacterial, parasitic, viral, Alzheimer's and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grzegorz Cholewiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Chemical Faculty
- Gdansk University of Technology
- 80-233 Gdansk
- Poland
| | - Krystyna Dzierzbicka
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Chemical Faculty
- Gdansk University of Technology
- 80-233 Gdansk
- Poland
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10
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Kelly PS, McSweeney S, Coleman O, Carillo S, Henry M, Chandran D, Kellett A, Bones J, Clynes M, Meleady P, Barron N. Process-relevant concentrations of the leachable bDtBPP impact negatively on CHO cell production characteristics. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:1547-1558. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul S. Kelly
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University; Glasnevin Dublin 9 Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Cluster; University of Limerick; Ireland
| | - Shane McSweeney
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University; Glasnevin Dublin 9 Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Cluster; University of Limerick; Ireland
| | - Orla Coleman
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University; Glasnevin Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Sara Carillo
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Cluster; University of Limerick; Ireland
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training; Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock Co Dublin Ireland
| | - Michael Henry
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University; Glasnevin Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Deepak Chandran
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University; Glasnevin Dublin 9 Ireland
- School of Chemical Sciences; Dublin City University; Glasnevin Dublin Ireland
| | - Andrew Kellett
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University; Glasnevin Dublin 9 Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Cluster; University of Limerick; Ireland
- School of Chemical Sciences; Dublin City University; Glasnevin Dublin Ireland
| | - Jonathan Bones
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Cluster; University of Limerick; Ireland
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training; Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock Co Dublin Ireland
| | - Martin Clynes
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University; Glasnevin Dublin 9 Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Cluster; University of Limerick; Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University; Glasnevin Dublin 9 Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Cluster; University of Limerick; Ireland
| | - Niall Barron
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University; Glasnevin Dublin 9 Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Cluster; University of Limerick; Ireland
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11
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The metabolomic signature of hematologic malignancies. Leuk Res 2016; 49:22-35. [PMID: 27526405 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing accumulation of knowledge raises hopes that understanding tumor metabolism will provide new ways for predicting, diagnosing, and even treating cancers. Some metabolic biomarkers are at present routinely utilized to diagnose cancer and metabolic alterations of tumors are being confirmed as therapeutic targets. The growing utilization of metabolomics in clinical research may rapidly turn it into one of the most potent instruments used to detect and fight tumor. In fact, while the current state and trends of high throughput metabolomics profiling focus on the purpose of discovering biomarkers and hunting for metabolic mechanism, a prospective direction, namely reprogramming metabolomics, highlights the way to use metabolomics approach for the aim of treatment of disease by way of reconstruction of disturbed metabolic pathways. In this review, we present an ample summary of the current clinical appliances of metabolomics in hematological malignancies.
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12
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Olszewska P, Mikiciuk-Olasik E, Błaszczak-Świątkiewicz K, Szymański J, Szymański P. Novel tetrahydroacridine derivatives inhibit human lung adenocarcinoma cell growth by inducing G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:959-67. [PMID: 25458793 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is not only the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide but it is still the leading cause of cancer-related death. Acridine derivatives are a class of anticancer agents with the ability to intercalate DNA and inhibit topoisomerases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sixteen new tetrahydroacridine derivatives on the viability and growth of human lung adenocarcinoma cells. We compared anticancer activity of a series of eight compounds with 4-fluorobenzoic acid and eight compounds with 6-hydrazinonicotnic acid differed from each other in length of the aliphatic chain containing from 2 to 9 carbon atoms. Interestingly, tetrahydroacridine with 4-fluorobenzoic acid (compounds 9-16) showed higher anticancer activity than derivatives with 6-hydrazinonicotnic acid (compounds 1-8) and their efficacy was correlated with increasing number of carbon atoms in the aliphatic chain. The results showed that inhibition of cancer cell growth by the most effective compounds 15 and 16 was associated with induction of G1 phase cell cycle arrest followed by caspase-3 dependent apoptosis. Our findings suggest that tetrahydroacridine with 4-fluorobenzoic acid containing 8 and 9 carbon atoms may be potential candidate for treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Olszewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Mikiciuk-Olasik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Błaszczak-Świątkiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Szymański
- Central Scientific Laboratory, Medical University, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Szymański
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Muszyñskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
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13
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Wang Y, Gao D, Chen Z, Li S, Gao C, Cao D, Liu F, Liu H, Jiang Y. Acridone derivative 8a induces oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells: application of metabolomics in mechanistic studies of antitumor agents. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63572. [PMID: 23667640 PMCID: PMC3646819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A new acridone derivative, 2-aminoacetamido-10-(3, 5-dimethoxy)-benzyl-9(10H)-acridone hydrochloride (named 8a) synthesized in our lab shows potent antitumor activity, but the mechanism of action remains unclear. Herein, we report the use of an UPLC/Q-TOF MS metabolomic approach to study the effects of three compounds with structures optimized step-by-step, 9(10H)-acridone (A), 10-(3,5-dimethoxy)benzyl-9(10H)-acridone (I), and 8a, on CCRF-CEM leukemia cells and to shed new light on the probable antitumor mechanism of 8a. Acquired data were processed by principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to identify potential biomarkers. Comparing 8a-treated CCRF-CEM leukemia cells with vehicle control (DMSO), 23 distinct metabolites involved in five metabolic pathways were identified. Metabolites from glutathione (GSH) and glycerophospholipid metabolism were investigated in detail, and results showed that GSH level and the reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio were significantly decreased in 8a-treated cells, while L-cysteinyl-glycine (L-Cys-Gly) and glutamate were greatly increased. In glycerophospholipid metabolism, cell membrane components phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were decreased in 8a-treated cells, while the oxidative products lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) were significantly increased. We further found that in 8a-treated cells, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) were notably increased, accompanied with decrease of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, release of cytochrome C and activation of caspase-3. Taken together our results suggest that the acridone derivative 8a induces oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells. The UPLC/Q-TOF MS based metabolomic approach provides novel insights into the mechanistic studies of antitumor drugs from a point distinct from traditional biological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Metabolomics at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Metabolomics at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shangfu Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunmei Gao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Deliang Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Metabolomics at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (HXL); (YYJ)
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HXL); (YYJ)
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Ryan E, Blake AJ, Benoit A, David MF, Robert AK. Efficacy of substituted 9-aminoacridine derivatives in small cell lung cancer. Invest New Drugs 2012; 31:285-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-012-9854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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