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Gao WY, Boonyarat C, Takomthong P, Plekratoke K, Hayakawa Y, Yenjai C, Kaewamatawong R, Chaiwiwatrakul S, Waiwut P. Acridone Derivatives from Atalantia monophyla Inhibited Cancer Cell Proliferation through ERK Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123865. [PMID: 35744993 PMCID: PMC9228231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of acridone alkaloids on cancer cell lines and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The ten acridone alkaloids from Atalantia monophyla were screened for cytotoxicity against LNCaP cell lines by a WST-8 assay. Then, the most potential acridone, buxifoliadine E, was evaluated on four types of cancer cells, namely prostate cancer (LNCaP), neuroblastoma (SH SY5Y), hepatoblastoma (HepG2), and colorectal cancer (HT29). The results showed that buxifoliadine E was able to significantly inhibit the proliferation of all four types of cancer cells, having the most potent cytotoxicity against the HepG2 cell line. Western blotting analysis was performed to assess the expression of signaling proteins in the cancer cells. In HepG2 cells, buxifoliadine E induced changes in the levels of Bid as well as cleaved caspase-3 and Bax through MAPKs, including Erk and p38. Moreover, the binding interaction between buxifoliadine E and Erk was investigated by using the Autodock 4.2.6 and Discovery Studio programs. The result showed that buxifoliadine E bound at the ATP-binding site, located at the interface between the N- and C-terminal lobes of Erk2. The results of this study indicate that buxifoliadine E suppressed cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting the Erk pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yong Gao
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand; (W.-Y.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Chantana Boonyarat
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.B.); (P.T.); (K.P.)
| | - Pitchayakarn Takomthong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.B.); (P.T.); (K.P.)
| | - Kusawadee Plekratoke
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.B.); (P.T.); (K.P.)
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;
| | - Chavi Yenjai
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Rawiwun Kaewamatawong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand; (W.-Y.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Suchada Chaiwiwatrakul
- Department of English, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani 34000, Thailand;
| | - Pornthip Waiwut
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand; (W.-Y.G.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-80-8955511; Fax: +66-45-353609
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Hamzehpoor E, Ruchlin C, Tao Y, Ramos-Sanchez JE, Titi HM, Cosa G, Perepichka DF. Room Temperature Phosphorescence vs Triplet-Triplet Annihilation in N-Substituted Acridone Solids. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6431-6438. [PMID: 34236197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic room temperature phosphorescent (ORTP) compounds have recently emerged as a promising class of emissive materials with a multitude of potential applications. However, the number of building blocks that give rise to efficient ORTP materials is still limited, and the rules for engineering phosphorescent properties in organic solids are not well understood. Here, we report ORTP in a series of N-substituted acridone derivatives with electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, and sterically bulky substituents. X-ray crystallography shows that the solid-state packing varies progressively between coparallel and antiparallel π-stacking and separated π-dimers, depending on the size of the substituent. The detailed photophysical studies supported by DFT calculations reveal complex dynamics of singlet and triplet excited states, depending on the electronic effects of substituents and solid-state packing. The programmable molecular packing provides a lever to control the triplet-triplet annihilation that is manifested as delayed fluorescence in acridone derivatives with continuous (both parallel and antiparallel) π-stacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Hamzehpoor
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Cory Ruchlin
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Yuze Tao
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | | | - Hatem M Titi
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Gonzalo Cosa
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Dmitrii F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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Thom KA, Wieser F, Diestelhorst K, Reiffers A, Czekelius C, Kleinschmidt M, Bracker M, Marian CM, Gilch P. Acridones: Strongly Emissive HIGHrISC Fluorophores. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5703-5709. [PMID: 34125550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An acridone derivative (N-methyl-difluoro-acridone, NMA-dF) is characterized with respect to its utility as an emitter in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Using steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy as well as quantum chemistry, its ability to convert singlet and triplet excitons into light was scrutinized. NMA-dF emits in the deep blue range of the visible spectrum. Its fluorescence emission occurs with quantum yields close to 1 and a radiative rate constant of ≈5 × 108 s-1. So, it processes singlet excitons very efficiently. Using 1,4-dichlorobenzene as a sensitizer, it is shown that NMA-dF also converts triplet excitons into light. With the aid of quantum chemistry, this is related to a reverse intersystem crossing starting from a higher triplet state (HIGHrISC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer A Thom
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felix Wieser
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kevin Diestelhorst
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Reiffers
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Constantin Czekelius
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Kleinschmidt
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mario Bracker
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christel M Marian
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Gilch
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Huang J, Yan Z, Qiu P, Mo Y, Cao Q, Li Q, Huo L, Zhao L. A New Coumarin-Acridone Compound as a Fluorescence Probe for Fe 3+ and Its Application in Living Cells and Zebrafish. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082115. [PMID: 33917054 PMCID: PMC8067698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new coumarin-acridone fluorescent probe S was designed and synthesized, and the structure was confirmed with 1H/13C NMR spectrometry, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. This probe has high sensitivity and selectivity for Fe3+ over other testing metal ions at 420 or 436 nm in acetonitrile-MOPS (3-Morpholinopropanesulfonic Acid) buffer solution (20.0 μM, pH = 6.9, 8:2 (v/v)). Under physiological conditions, the probe displayed satisfying time stability with a detection limit of 1.77 µM. In addition, probe S was successfully used to detect intracellular iron changes through a fluorescence-off mode, and the imaging results of cells and zebrafish confirmed their low cytotoxicity and satisfactory cell membrane permeability, as well as their potential biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lini Huo
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-07-71495-3513 (L.H. & L.Z.)
| | - Lichun Zhao
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-07-71495-3513 (L.H. & L.Z.)
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Torregrosa-Chinillach A, Chinchilla R. Synthesis of Xanthones, Thioxanthones and Acridones by a Metal-Free Photocatalytic Oxidation Using Visible Light and Molecular Oxygen. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040974. [PMID: 33673146 PMCID: PMC7918112 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
9H-Xanthenes, 9H-thioxanthenes and 9,10-dihydroacridines can be easily oxidized to the corresponding xanthones, thioxanthones and acridones, respectively, by a simple photo-oxidation procedure carried out using molecular oxygen as oxidant under the irradiation of visible blue light and in the presence of riboflavin tetraacetate as a metal-free photocatalyst. The obtained yields are high or quantitative.
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Kancharla P, Dodean RA, Li Y, Pou S, Pybus B, Melendez V, Read L, Bane CE, Vesely B, Kreishman-Deitrick M, Black C, Li Q, Sciotti RJ, Olmeda R, Luong TL, Gaona H, Potter B, Sousa J, Marcsisin S, Caridha D, Xie L, Vuong C, Zeng Q, Zhang J, Zhang P, Lin H, Butler K, Roncal N, Gaynor-Ohnstad L, Leed SE, Nolan C, Ceja FG, Rasmussen SA, Tumwebaze PK, Rosenthal PJ, Mu J, Bayles BR, Cooper RA, Reynolds KA, Smilkstein MJ, Riscoe MK, Kelly JX. Lead Optimization of Second-Generation Acridones as Broad-Spectrum Antimalarials. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6179-6202. [PMID: 32390431 PMCID: PMC7354843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The global impact of malaria remains staggering despite extensive efforts to eradicate the disease. With increasing drug resistance and the absence of a clinically available vaccine, there is an urgent need for novel, affordable, and safe drugs for prevention and treatment of malaria. Previously, we described a novel antimalarial acridone chemotype that is potent against both blood-stage and liver-stage malaria parasites. Here, we describe an optimization process that has produced a second-generation acridone series with significant improvements in efficacy, metabolic stability, pharmacokinetics, and safety profiles. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of dual-stage targeting acridones as novel drug candidates for further preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papireddy Kancharla
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Rozalia A. Dodean
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Yuexin Li
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Sovitj Pou
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Brandon Pybus
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Victor Melendez
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Lisa Read
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Charles E. Bane
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Brian Vesely
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Mara Kreishman-Deitrick
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Chad Black
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Qigui Li
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Richard J. Sciotti
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Raul Olmeda
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Thu-Lan Luong
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Heather Gaona
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Brittney Potter
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Jason Sousa
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Sean Marcsisin
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Diana Caridha
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Lisa Xie
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Chau Vuong
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Jing Zhang
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Ping Zhang
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Hsiuling Lin
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Kirk Butler
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Norma Roncal
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Lacy Gaynor-Ohnstad
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Susan E. Leed
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Christina Nolan
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Frida G. Ceja
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Dominican University of California, San Rafael, CA 94901, United States
| | - Stephanie A. Rasmussen
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Dominican University of California, San Rafael, CA 94901, United States
| | | | - Philip J. Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Jianbing Mu
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville MD 20852, USA
| | - Brett R. Bayles
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Dominican University of California, San Rafael, CA 94901, United States
- Global Public Health Program, Dominican University of California, San Rafael CA 94901
| | - Roland A. Cooper
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Dominican University of California, San Rafael, CA 94901, United States
| | - Kevin A. Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Martin J. Smilkstein
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Michael K. Riscoe
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Jane X. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
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Chakraborty B, Sengupta C, Pal U, Basu S. Probing the Hydrogen Bond Involving Acridone Trapped in a Hydrophobic Biological Nanocavity: Integrated Spectroscopic and Docking Analyses. Langmuir 2020; 36:1241-1251. [PMID: 31951141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic analyses reveal that acridone (AD) penetrates through the structure and enters the hydrophobic cavity of the protein β-lactoglobulin (βLG). Although the protein contains two tryptophan (Trp) residues, AD interacts with only one (Trp-19), which is authenticated by the appearance of a single isoemissive point in TRANES. Alteration in the secondary structure of the protein while AD pierces through βLG is evident from the circular dichroism spectroscopic study. The ground-state interaction between AD and βLG is proven from the UV-vis spectroscopic study and the static nature of quenching of intrinsic fluorescence of the protein by the ligand. The steady-state fluorescence study in varied temperatures indicates the involvement of hydrogen bonding in the ligand-protein interaction. Further, the time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy study gives a hint of the presence of a hydrogen bond in AD-βLG interaction, which possibly involves the rotamers of Trp-19. In fact, the idea of involvement of rotamers of Trp-19 is obtained from the increase in fluorescence lifetime of βLG in the presence of AD. The docking study agrees to the involvement of hydrogen bonding in AD-βLG interaction. The direct evidence of hydrogen bonding between Trp and AD is obtained from the laser flash photolysis studies where the signature of formation of ADH• and Trp• through hydrogen abstraction between Trp and AD, loosely bound through hydrogen bonding, gets prominence. Thus, binding of AD to βLG involves hydrogen bonding in a hydrophobic pocket of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brotati Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry , Bejoy Narayan Mahavidyalaya , Hooghly, Itachuna , West Bengal 712147 , India
| | - Chaitrali Sengupta
- S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences , Kolkata , West Bengal 700106 , India
| | - Uttam Pal
- S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences , Kolkata , West Bengal 700106 , India
| | - Samita Basu
- Chemical Sciences Division , Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics , 1/AF Bidhannagar , Kolkata 700064 , India
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Murahari M, Kharkar PS, Lonikar N, Mayur YC. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular docking and QSAR studies of 2,4-dimethylacridones as anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 130:154-170. [PMID: 28246041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manikanta Murahari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400 056, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560 054, India
| | - Prashant S Kharkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai 400 056, India
| | - Nitin Lonikar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, AME's V.L. College of Pharmacy, Raichur 584103, India
| | - Y C Mayur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai 400 056, India.
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Kuete V, Fouotsa H, Mbaveng AT, Wiench B, Nkengfack AE, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of a naturally occurring furoquinoline alkaloid and four acridone alkaloids towards multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cells. Phytomedicine 2015; 22:946-951. [PMID: 26321744 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemotherapy is one of the preferred mode of treatment of malignancies, but is complicated by the expression of diverse resistance mechanisms of cancer cells. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of five alkaloids including a furoquinoline montrofoline (1) and four acridones namely 1-hydroxy-4-methoxy-10-methylacridone (2), norevoxanthine (3), evoxanthine (4), 1,3-dimethoxy-10-methylacridone (5) against 9 drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cell lines. The resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of these compounds, whilst caspase-Glo assay was used to detect caspase activation. Cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were all analyzed via flow cytometry. RESULTS Furoquinoline 1 as well as the acridone alkaloids 2-5 displayed cytotoxic effects with IC50 values below 138 µM on all the 9 tested cancer cell lines. The IC50 values ranged from 41.56 µM (towards hepatocarinoma HepG2 cells) to 90.66 µM [towards colon carcinoma HCT116 (p53(-/-)) cells] for 1, from 6.78 µM [towards HCT116 (p53(-/-)) cells) to 106.47 µM [towards breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231-pcDNA cells] for 2, from 5.72 µM (towards gliobastoma U87MG.ΔEGFR cells) to 137.62 µM (towards leukemia CCRF-CEM cells] for 3, from 6.11 µM [towards HCT116 (p53(+/+)) cells] to 80.99 µM (towards HepG2 cells] for 4, from 3.38 µM (towards MDA-MB-231-BCRP cells) to 58.10 µM (towards leukemia CEM/ADR5000 cells] for 5 and from 0.20 µM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 195.12 µM (against CEM/ADR5000 cells) for doxorubicin. Acridone alkaloid 5 induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells, mediated by increased ROS production. CONCLUSIONS The five tested alkaloids and mostly acridone 5 are potential cytotoxic natural products that deserve more investigations to develop novel cytotoxic compounds against multifactorial drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang,Cameroon
| | - Hugues Fouotsa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang,Cameroon
| | - Benjamin Wiench
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Augustin E Nkengfack
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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Beniddir MA, Le Borgne E, Iorga BI, Loaëc N, Lozach O, Meijer L, Awang K, Litaudon M. Acridone alkaloids from Glycosmis chlorosperma as DYRK1A inhibitors. J Nat Prod 2014; 77:1117-22. [PMID: 24798019 DOI: 10.1021/np400856h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Two new acridone alkaloids, chlorospermines A and B (1 and 2), were isolated from the stem bark of Glycosmis chlorosperma, together with the known atalaphyllidine (3) and acrifoline (4), by means of bioguided isolation using an in vitro enzyme assay against DYRK1A. Acrifoline (4) and to a lesser extent chlorospermine B (2) and atalaphyllidine (3) showed significant inhibiting activity on DYRK1A with IC50's of 0.075, 5.7, and 2.2 μM, respectively. Their selectivity profile was evaluated against a panel of various kinases, and molecular docking calculations provided structural details for the interaction between these compounds and DYRK1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi A Beniddir
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, LabEx CEBA , 1, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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Mäki-Jouppila JHE, Laine LJ, Rehnberg J, Narvi E, Tiikkainen P, Hukasova E, Halonen P, Lindqvist A, Kallio L, Poso A, Kallio MJ. Centmitor-1, a novel acridinyl-acetohydrazide, possesses similar molecular interaction field and antimitotic cellular phenotype as rigosertib, on 01910.Na. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:1054-66. [PMID: 24748653 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitosis is an attractive target for the development of new anticancer drugs. In a search for novel mitotic inhibitors, we virtually screened for low molecular weight compounds that would possess similar steric and electrostatic features, but different chemical structure than rigosertib (ON 01910.Na), a putative inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) pathways. Highest scoring hit compounds were tested in cell-based assays for their ability to induce mitotic arrest. We identified a novel acridinyl-acetohydrazide, here named as Centmitor-1 (Cent-1), that possesses highly similar molecular interaction field as rigosertib. In cells, Cent-1 phenocopied the cellular effects of rigosertib and caused mitotic arrest characterized by chromosome alignment defects, multipolar spindles, centrosome fragmentation, and activated spindle assembly checkpoint. We compared the effects of Cent-1 and rigosertib on microtubules and found that both compounds modulated microtubule plus-ends and reduced microtubule dynamics. Also, mitotic spindle forces were affected by the compounds as tension across sister kinetochores was reduced in mitotic cells. Our results showed that both Cent-1 and rigosertib target processes that occur during mitosis as they had immediate antimitotic effects when added to cells during mitosis. Analysis of Plk1 activity in cells using a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based assay indicated that neither compound affected the activity of the kinase. Taken together, these findings suggest that Cent-1 and rigosertib elicit their antimitotic effects by targeting mitotic processes without impairment of Plk1 kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni H E Mäki-Jouppila
- Authors' Affiliations: VTT Health, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland; Centre for Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku; Drug Research Doctoral Programme and FinPharma Doctoral Program Drug Discovery; School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Kovalenko AL, Grigorian SS, Romantsov MG, Petrov AI, Muzykin MA, Isaeva EI. [Interferon inductor activity and interferon production under the action of acridonacetic acid salts]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2014; 77:16-19. [PMID: 25668942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Peculiarities of the kinetics of accumulation and duration of circulation of three types of interferon under the action of acridonacetic acid salts have been studied. Optimum doses of meglumine salt of acridonacetic acid are established, which ensure efficient and consistent induction of three interferon types, ensuring their prolonged circulation in the blood.
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Wang Y, Gao D, Chen Z, Li S, Gao C, Cao D, Liu F, Liu H, Jiang Y. Acridone derivative 8a induces oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells: application of metabolomics in mechanistic studies of antitumor agents. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63572. [PMID: 23667640 PMCID: PMC3646819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A new acridone derivative, 2-aminoacetamido-10-(3, 5-dimethoxy)-benzyl-9(10H)-acridone hydrochloride (named 8a) synthesized in our lab shows potent antitumor activity, but the mechanism of action remains unclear. Herein, we report the use of an UPLC/Q-TOF MS metabolomic approach to study the effects of three compounds with structures optimized step-by-step, 9(10H)-acridone (A), 10-(3,5-dimethoxy)benzyl-9(10H)-acridone (I), and 8a, on CCRF-CEM leukemia cells and to shed new light on the probable antitumor mechanism of 8a. Acquired data were processed by principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to identify potential biomarkers. Comparing 8a-treated CCRF-CEM leukemia cells with vehicle control (DMSO), 23 distinct metabolites involved in five metabolic pathways were identified. Metabolites from glutathione (GSH) and glycerophospholipid metabolism were investigated in detail, and results showed that GSH level and the reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio were significantly decreased in 8a-treated cells, while L-cysteinyl-glycine (L-Cys-Gly) and glutamate were greatly increased. In glycerophospholipid metabolism, cell membrane components phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were decreased in 8a-treated cells, while the oxidative products lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) were significantly increased. We further found that in 8a-treated cells, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) were notably increased, accompanied with decrease of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, release of cytochrome C and activation of caspase-3. Taken together our results suggest that the acridone derivative 8a induces oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells. The UPLC/Q-TOF MS based metabolomic approach provides novel insights into the mechanistic studies of antitumor drugs from a point distinct from traditional biological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Metabolomics at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Metabolomics at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shangfu Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunmei Gao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Deliang Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Metabolomics at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (HXL); (YYJ)
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HXL); (YYJ)
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14
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Kostina VH, Pal'chykovs'ka LH, Platonov MO, Vasyl'chenko OV, Lysenko NA, Alekseeva IV. [Novel hybrid inhibitors of the phage T7 RNA polymerase: synthesis, docking and screening in vitro]. Ukr Biokhim Zh (1999) 2012; 84:38-47. [PMID: 23342633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A number of new hybrid heteroaromatic compounds, consisting of tricyclic fragments (acridone, thioxanthone and phenazine) and bicyclic fragments (benzimidazole, benzothiazole and benzoxazole) were synthesized using the method, developed by the authors. As a result of screening against the transcription model system of the phage T7 DNA-dependent RNA polymerase three effective inhibitors of the RNA syntheses with the IC50 value of 8.9, 5.7 and 19.8 microM were detected. To cast light on the mode of interaction between the synthesized compounds and the target, the molecular docking was applied to the model pocket of the phage T7 RNA polymerase transcription complex. It was established that these ligands form networks of H-bonds with residues of the pocket conservative amino acids and pi-interaction with the Mg2+ ion. A planar geometry of the hybrid molecules, realized due to the intramolecular H-bonds, proved to be an important structural feature, which correlates with an efficacious inhibitory activity.
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Abstract
Baliospermum montanum leaves yielded 3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxy-10-methyl-9-acridanone (1), an alkaloid from the CHCl₃ fraction. Spectroscopic analysis was performed to assign the structure of the new compound (1) and its absolute configuration. The compound was evaluated for its effect in anaphylaxis by estimation of the release of histamine in systemic anaphylaxis model. The acridanone alkaloid significantly inhibited the degranulation of mast cells up to 65.22 % and 75.12 % at a dose of 50 and 75 mg/kg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichairajan Venkatesh
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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16
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Karak D, Banerjee A, Sahana A, Guha S, Lohar S, Adhikari SS, Das D. 9-Acridone-4-carboxylic acid as an efficient Cr(III) fluorescent sensor: trace level detection, estimation and speciation studies. J Hazard Mater 2011; 188:274-280. [PMID: 21345582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
9-Acridone-4-carboxylic acid has been established as an efficient Cr(III) fluorescent sensor. The binding of this ligand with Cr(III) is confirmed by FTIR, thermal and mass spectral analysis of the product. Based on this chelation assisted fluorescence quenching, a highly sensitive spectrofluorometric method is developed for trace level detection, estimation and speciation studies of chromium in DMF-water. The ligand has an excitation and emission maxima at 408 nm and 498.4 nm, respectively. The equilibrium binding constant of the ligand with Cr(III) is 8.1378 × 10(4) as calculated using Stern-Volmer equation. Up to 9 × 10(-6)mol L(-1) of [Cr(3+)], linearity has been observed. The interference of foreign ions has been found to be negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasis Karak
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
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Girdhar A, Jain S, Jain N, Girdhar S. Syntheses and biological studies of novel 9(10H)-acridone derivatives. Acta Pol Pharm 2010; 67:211-214. [PMID: 20369800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Girdhar
- Seth G.L. Bihani S.D. College of Technical Education, Sriganganagar-335001, Rajasthan, India.
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Bacher M, Brader G, Greger H, Hofer O. Complete 1H and 13C NMR data assignment of new constituents from Severinia buxifolia. Magn Reson Chem 2010; 48:83-88. [PMID: 19937908 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical analysis of different organs of the rutaceaeous plant Severinia buxifolia led to the isolation of a new limonoid, a new acridone alkaloid, and a new flavone. Structure elucidation and signal assignment were achieved by the extensive use of 1D and 2D NMR experiments (selective 1D NOE, COSY, NOESY, HSQC, HMBC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Bacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Wien, Austria.
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Abstract
Oscillatoria perornata, a cyanobacterium (blue-green alga), common in catfish production ponds in the southeastern United States, produces the monoterpene 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), which is absorbed into catfish flesh and imparts a "musty" taste, rendering them unpalatable and unmarketable. Algicides that are currently in the commercial market to control O. perornata have broad-spectrum toxicity toward other beneficial phytoplankton, such as the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum, as well as low biodegradability. As part of our continuing efforts to search for natural-product-based algicides, the ethyl acetate extract of the roots of Swinglea glutinosa was investigated. This report describes isolation and structure elucidation of one novel coumarin, two known coumarins, and nine acridone alkaloids from S. glutinosa root extracts and the evaluation of these compounds for algicidal activity against O. perornata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Purcaro
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
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Verma RP, Hansch C. Investigation of DNA‐Binding Properties of Organic Molecules Using Quantitative Structure‐Activity Relationship (QSAR) Models. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:88-110. [PMID: 17722103 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Due to the great potential of DNA as a receptor, many classes of synthetic and naturally occurring molecules exert their anticancer activities through DNA-binding. In the field of antitumor DNA-binding agents, a number of acridine and anthracycline derivatives are in the market as chemotherapeutic agents. However, the clinical application of such classes of compounds has encountered problems such as multi-drug resistance and secondary and/or collateral effects. Thus, there has been increasing interest in discovering and developing small molecules that are capable of DNA-binding, which will be expected to be used either in place of or in conjunction with, the existing compounds. The interest in the application of the QSAR paradigm has steadily increased in recent decades and we hope it may be useful in the design and development of DNA-binding molecules as new anticancer agents. In the present review, an attempt has been made to understand the DNA-binding properties of different compound series and discussed using 27 QSAR models, which reveal a number of interesting points. The most important determinants for the activity in these models are Hammett electronic (sigma and sigma+), hydrophobic, molar refractivity, and Sterimol width parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwar P Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, 645 North College Avenue, Claremont, CA 91711, USA.
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Kelly JX, Smilkstein MJ, Cooper RA, Lane KD, Johnson RA, Janowsky A, Dodean RA, Hinrichs DJ, Winter R, Riscoe M. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of 10-N-substituted acridones as novel chemosensitizers in Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:4133-40. [PMID: 17846138 PMCID: PMC2151415 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00669-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 10-N-substituted acridones, bearing alkyl side chains with tertiary amine groups at the terminal position, were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for the ability to enhance the potency of quinoline drugs against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites. A number of acridone derivatives, with side chains bridged three or more carbon atoms apart between the ring nitrogen and terminal nitrogen, demonstrated chloroquine (CQ)-chemosensitizing activity against the MDR strain of P. falciparum (Dd2). Isobologram analysis revealed that selected candidates demonstrated significant synergy with CQ in the CQ-resistant (CQR) parasite Dd2 but only additive (or indifferent) interaction in the CQ-sensitive (CQS) D6. These acridone derivatives also enhanced the sensitivity of other quinoline antimalarials, such as desethylchloroquine (DCQ) and quinine (QN), in Dd2. The patterns of chemosensitizing effects of selected acridones on CQ and QN were similar to those of verapamil against various parasite lines with mutations encoding amino acid 76 of the P. falciparum CQ resistance transporter (PfCRT). Unlike other known chemosensitizers with recognized psychotropic effects (e.g., desipramine, imipramine, and chlorpheniramine), these novel acridone derivatives exhibited no demonstrable effect on the uptake or binding of important biogenic amine neurotransmitters. The combined results indicate that 10-N-substituted acridones present novel pharmacophores for the development of chemosensitizers against P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane X Kelly
- Medical Research Service, R&D 33, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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