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Sun G, Rong D, Li Z, Sun G, Wu F, Li X, Cao H, Cheng Y, Tang W, Sun Y. Role of Small Molecule Targeted Compounds in Cancer: Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:694363. [PMID: 34568317 PMCID: PMC8455877 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.694363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on molecular targeted therapy of tumors is booming, and novel targeted therapy drugs are constantly emerging. Small molecule targeted compounds, novel targeted therapy drugs, can be administered orally as tablets among other methods, and do not draw upon genes, causing no immune response. It is easily structurally modified to make it more applicable to clinical needs, and convenient to promote due to low cost. It refers to a hotspot in the research of tumor molecular targeted therapy. In the present study, we review the current Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved use of small molecule targeted compounds in tumors, summarize the clinical drug resistance problems and mechanisms facing the use of small molecule targeted compounds, and predict the future directions of the evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dawei Rong
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhouxiao Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Guangshun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangbai Sun
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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Petronijević J, Janković N, Stanojković TP, Joksimović N, Grozdanić NĐ, Vraneš M, Tot A, Bugarčić Z. Biological evaluation of selected 3,4-dihydro-2(1H
)-quinoxalinones and 3,4-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazin-2-ones: Molecular docking study. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351:e1700308. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nenad Janković
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kragujevac; Kragujevac Serbia
| | | | - Nenad Joksimović
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kragujevac; Kragujevac Serbia
| | | | - Milan Vraneš
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Tot
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Zorica Bugarčić
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kragujevac; Kragujevac Serbia
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Saifuzzaman M, Morrison R, Zheng Z, Orive S, Hamilton J, Thompson PE, Al-rawi JM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 8-aryl-2-morpholino-7-O-substituted benzo[e][1,3]oxazin-4-ones against DNA-PK, PI3K, PDE3A enzymes and platelet aggregation. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5531-5536. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lin Z, Zhang Q, Luo W. Angiogenesis inhibitors as therapeutic agents in cancer: Challenges and future directions. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 793:76-81. [PMID: 27840192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis has become an attractive target for cancer therapy since the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first angiogenesis inhibitor (bevacizumab) for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer in 2004. In following years, a large number of angiogenesis inhibitors have been discovered and developed, ranging from monoclonal antibodies, endogenous peptides, to small organic molecules and microRNAs. Many of them are now entering the clinical trial, or achieving approval for clinical use. However, major limitations have been observed about angiogenesis inhibitors by continued clinical investigations, such as resistance, enhancing tumor hypoxia and reducing delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, which might be the main reason for poor improvement in overall survival after angiogenesis inhibitor administration in clinic. Therefore, optimal anti-angiogenic therapy strategies become critical. The present review summarizes recent researches in angiogenesis inhibitors, and proposes a perspective on future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexuan Lin
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Quanwei Zhang
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhong Luo
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Synthesis, structure elucidation, DNA-PK and PI3K and anti-cancer activity of 8- and 6-aryl-substituted-1-3-benzoxazines. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 110:326-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chen X, Zhang H, Zhu H, Yang X, Yang Y, Yang Y, Min H, Chen G, Liu J, Lu J, Cheng H, Sun X. Endostatin combined with radiotherapy suppresses vasculogenic mimicry formation through inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in esophageal cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:4679-88. [PMID: 26511968 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth of solid tumors requires angiogenesis to provide oxygen and nutrients and to support cell proliferation. The switch from an avascular to a vascular phenotype is typically related to acceleration of tumor growth. Anti-angiogenic therapy is becoming a very promising way for malignant tumors. Meanwhile, malignant tumor cells themselves were able to develop the formation of cell-lined vessels that contribute to tumor neovascularization and supply the nutrients and oxygen, which is called vasculogenic mimicry (VM). However, the molecular mechanism of VM remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the novel recombinant human endostatin (rh-Endo) protein combined with radiotherapy on human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines Eca-109 and TE13. Our results showed that rh-Endo combined with radiotherapy significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, and VM of human esophageal cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner; however, it has no direct effect on apoptosis of carcinoma cells, which indicated that rh-Endo combined with radiotherapy significantly changed the microenvironment of esophageal carcinoma, and played an important role in preventing distant metastasis. Our findings suggested that rh-Endo inhibited the metastasis of esophageal cancer and the activation of AKT pathway, and the down-regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may be associated with such effect of rh-Endo. These results also supported the bright prospect of rh-Endo combined with radiotherapy for clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hongcheng Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yuehua Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hua Min
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Guangzong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hongyan Cheng
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xinchen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Zhu H, Yang X, Ding Y, Liu J, Lu J, Zhan L, Qin Q, Zhang H, Chen X, Yang Y, Yang Y, Liu Z, Yang M, Zhou X, Cheng H, Sun X. Recombinant human endostatin enhances the radioresponse in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by normalizing tumor vasculature and reducing hypoxia. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14503. [PMID: 26412785 PMCID: PMC4585975 DOI: 10.1038/srep14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of recombinant human endostatin (rh-Endo) in combination with radiation therapy (RT) on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and explore the potential mechanisms. ECA109-bearing nude mice were administered RT and/or rh-Endo treatment. Tumor volume, survival, hypoxia and vascular parameters were recorded during the treatment schedule and follow-up as measures of treatment response. ESCC cell lines (ECA109 and TE13) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were developed to investigate the outcomes and toxicities of rh-Endo and RT in vitro. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also evaluated. In vivo studies of ECA109-bearing xenografts showed that rh-Endo improved the radioresponse, with normalization of tumor vasculature and a reduction in hypoxia. In vitro studies showed that rh-Endo did not radiosensitize ESCC cell lines but did affect endothelial cells with a time- and dose-dependent manner. Studies of the molecular mechanism indicated that the improved radioresponse might be due to crosstalk between cancer cells and endothelial cells involving HIF and VEGF expression. Our data suggest that rh-Endo may be a potential anti-angiogenic agent in ESCC especially when combined with RT. The improved radioresponse arises from normalization of tumor vasculature and a reduction in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuqiong Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changzhou Cancer Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Liangliang Zhan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuehua Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zheming Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Meiling Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xifa Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changzhou Cancer Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Hongyan Cheng
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xinchen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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