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Aravindan N, Natarajan M, Somasundaram DB, Aravindan S. Chemoprevention of neuroblastoma: progress and promise beyond uncertainties. JOURNAL OF CANCER METASTASIS AND TREATMENT 2023; 9:9. [PMID: 38249515 PMCID: PMC10798790 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2022.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children and comprises one-tenth of all childhood cancer deaths. The current clinical therapy for this deadly disease is multimodal, involving an induction phase with alternating regimens of high-dose chemotherapeutic drugs and load reduction surgery; a consolidation phase with more intensive chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and stem cell transplant; and a maintenance phase with immunotherapy and immune-activating cytokine treatment. Despite such intensive treatment, children with neuroblastoma have unacceptable life quality and survival, warranting preventive measures to regulate the cellular functions that orchestrate tumor progression, therapy resistance, metastasis, and tumor relapse/recurrence. Globally, active efforts are underway to identify novel chemopreventive agents, define their mechanism(s) of action, and assess their clinical benefit. Some chemoprevention strategies (e.g., retinoids, difluoromethylornithine) have already been adopted clinically as part of maintenance phase therapy. Several agents are in the pipeline, while many others are in preclinical characterization. Here we review the classes of chemopreventive agents investigated for neuroblastoma, including cellular events targeted, mode(s) of action, and the level of development. Our review: (i) highlights the pressing need for new and improved chemopreventive strategies for progressive neuroblastoma; (ii) lists the emerging classes of chemopreventive agents for neuroblastoma; and (iii) recognizes the relevance of targeting dynamically evolving hallmark functions of tumor evolution (e.g., survival, differentiation, lineage transformation). With recent gains in the understanding of tumor evolution processes and preclinical and clinical efforts, it is our strong opinion that effective chemopreventive strategies for aggressive neuroblastoma are a near reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Aravindan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Mohan Natarajan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Dinesh Babu Somasundaram
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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2
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El Moukhtari SH, Garbayo E, Fernández-Teijeiro A, Rodríguez-Nogales C, Couvreur P, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Nanomedicines and cell-based therapies for embryonal tumors of the nervous system. J Control Release 2022; 348:553-571. [PMID: 35705114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Embryonal tumors of the nervous system are neoplasms predominantly affecting the pediatric population. Among the most common and aggressive ones are neuroblastoma (NB) and medulloblastoma (MB). NB is a sympathetic nervous system tumor, which is the most frequent extracranial solid pediatric cancer, usually detected in children under two. MB originates in the cerebellum and is one of the most lethal brain tumors in early childhood. Their tumorigenesis presents some similarities and both tumors often have treatment resistances and poor prognosis. High-risk (HR) patients require high dose chemotherapy cocktails associated with acute and long-term toxicities. Nanomedicine and cell therapy arise as potential solutions to improve the prognosis and quality of life of children suffering from these tumors. Indeed, nanomedicines have been demonstrated to efficiently reduce drug toxicity and improve drug efficacy. Moreover, these systems have been extensively studied in cancer research over the last few decades and an increasing number of anticancer nanocarriers for adult cancer treatment has reached the clinic. Among cell-based strategies, the clinically most advanced approach is chimeric-antigen receptor (CAR) T therapy for both pathologies, which is currently under investigation in phase I/II clinical trials. However, pediatric drug research is especially hampered due not only to ethical issues but also to the lack of efficient pre-clinical models and the inadequate design of clinical trials. This review provides an update on progress in the treatment of the main embryonal tumors of the nervous system using nanotechnology and cell-based therapies and discusses key issues behind the gap between preclinical studies and clinical trials in this specific area. Some directions to improve their translation into clinical practice and foster their development are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souhaila H El Moukhtari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elisa Garbayo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Teijeiro
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, School of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Dr, Fedriani 3, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; Sociedad Española de Hematología y Oncología Pediátricas (SEHOP), Spain
| | - Carlos Rodríguez-Nogales
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, UMRCNRS8612,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry 92296, France
| | - María J Blanco-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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3
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Smith CC, Sheedy DL, McEwen HP, Don AS, Kril JJ, Sutherland GT. Lipidome changes in alcohol-related brain damage. J Neurochem 2021; 160:271-282. [PMID: 34699608 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-related brain injury is characterized by cognitive deficits and brain atrophy with the prefrontal cortex particularly susceptible. White matter in the human brain is lipid rich and a major target of damage from chronic alcohol abuse; yet, there is sparse information on how these lipids are affected. Here, we used untargeted lipidomics as a discovery tool to describe these changes in the prefrontal, middle temporal, and visual cortices of human subjects with alcohol use disorder and controls. Significant changes to the lipidome, predominantly in the prefrontal and visual cortices, and differences between the white and grey matter of each brain region were identified. These effects include broad decreases to phospholipids and ceramide, decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids, decreased sphingadiene backbones, and selective decreases in cholesteryl ester fatty acid chains. Our findings show that chronic alcohol abuse results in selective changes to the neurolipidome, which likely reflects both the directs effects on the brain and concurrent effects on the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caine C Smith
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Donna L Sheedy
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holly P McEwen
- Centenery Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony S Don
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centenery Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jillian J Kril
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Greg T Sutherland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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4
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Fox CA, Moschetti A, Ryan RO. Reconstituted HDL as a therapeutic delivery device. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159025. [PMID: 34375767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies of "pre β" high density lipoprotein (HDL) and reconstituted HDL (rHDL) have contributed to our understanding of the Reverse Cholesterol Transport pathway. The relative ease with which discoidal rHDL can be generated in vitro has led to novel applications including a) infusion of rHDL into patients to promote regression of atherosclerosis; b) use of rHDL as a miniature membrane for integration of transmembrane proteins in a native-like conformation and c) incorporation of hydrophobic bioactive molecules into rHDL, creating a delivery device. The present review is focused on bioactive agent containing rHDL. The broad array of hydrophobic bioactive molecules successfully incorporated into these particles is discussed, as well as the use of natural lipids and synthetic lipid analogs to confer distinctive binding activity. This technology remains in its infancy with the full potential of these simple, yet elegant, nanoparticles still to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin A Fox
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States of America
| | - Anthony Moschetti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States of America
| | - Robert O Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States of America.
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5
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Lam BWS, Yam TYA, Chen CP, Lai MKP, Ong WY, Herr DR. The noncanonical chronicles: Emerging roles of sphingolipid structural variants. Cell Signal 2020; 79:109890. [PMID: 33359087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SPs) are structurally diverse and represent one of the most quantitatively abundant classes of lipids in mammalian cells. In addition to their structural roles, many SP species are known to be bioactive mediators of essential cellular processes. Historically, studies have focused on SP species that contain the canonical 18‑carbon, mono-unsaturated sphingoid backbone. However, increasingly sensitive analytical technologies, driven by advances in mass spectrometry, have facilitated the identification of previously under-appreciated, molecularly distinct SP species. Many of these less abundant species contain noncanonical backbones. Interestingly, a growing number of studies have identified clinical associations between these noncanonical SPs and disease, suggesting that there is functional significance to the alteration of SP backbone structure. For example, associations have been found between SP chain length and cardiovascular disease, pain, diabetes, and dementia. This review will provide an overview of the processes that are known to regulate noncanonical SP accumulation, describe the clinical correlations reported for these molecules, and review the experimental evidence for the potential functional implications of their dysregulation. It is likely that further scrutiny of noncanonical SPs may provide new insight into pathophysiological processes, serve as useful biomarkers for disease, and lead to the design of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Wan Shing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ting Yu Amelia Yam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA; American University of Health Sciences, Long Beach, CA, USA.
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6
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Adams DR, Pyne S, Pyne NJ. Structure-function analysis of lipid substrates and inhibitors of sphingosine kinases. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109806. [PMID: 33035646 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The sphingosine kinases, SK1 and SK2, catalyse the formation of the bioactive signalling lipid, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), from sphingosine. SK1 and SK2 differ in their subcellular localisation, trafficking and regulation, but the isoforms are also distinct in their selectivity toward naturally occurring and synthetic ligands as substrates and inhibitors. To date, only the structure of SK1 has been determined, and a structural basis for selectivity differences in substrate handling by SK2 has yet to be established. Here we present a structural rationale, based on homology modelling and ligand docking, to account for the capacity of SK2, but not SK1, to efficiently process the pharmacologically active substances, fingolimod (FTY720) and safingol, as substrates. We propose that two key residue differences in hSK2 (Ser305/Thr584 in place of Ala175/Ala339 in hSK1) facilitate conformational switching in the lipid head group anchor residue, Asp308 (corresponding to Asp178 in hSK1), to accommodate substrate diversity for SK2. Our analysis accounts for the contrasting behaviour of fingolimod and safingol as non-turnover inhibitors of SK1, but substrates for SK2, and the observed stereoselectivity for phosphorylation of the pro-S hydroxymethyl group of fingolimod to generate (S)-FTY720-P in vivo. We also rationalise why methylation of the pro-R hydroxymethyl of FTY720 switches the behaviour of the resulting compound, (R)-FTY720 methyl ether (ROMe), to SK2-selective inhibition. Whilst the pharmacological significance of (S)-FTY720-P is firmly established, as the active principle of fingolimod in treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, the potential importance of SK-mediated phosphorylation of other substrates, such as safingol and non-canonical naturally occuring substrates such as (4E,nZ)-sphingadienes, is less widely appreciated. Thus, the contribution of SK2-derived safingol 1-phosphate to the anti-cancer activity of safingol should be considered. Similarly, the biological role of sphingadiene 1-phosphates derived from plant-based dietary sphingadienes, which we also show here are substrates for both SK1 and SK2, merits investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Adams
- School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Susan Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE Scotland, UK
| | - Nigel J Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE Scotland, UK.
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7
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Couttas TA, Rustam YH, Song H, Qi Y, Teo JD, Chen J, Reid GE, Don AS. A Novel Function of Sphingosine Kinase 2 in the Metabolism of Sphinga-4,14-Diene Lipids. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10060236. [PMID: 32521763 PMCID: PMC7344861 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The number, position, and configuration of double bonds in lipids affect membrane fluidity and the recruitment of signaling proteins. Studies on mammalian sphingolipids have focused on those with a saturated sphinganine or mono-unsaturated sphingosine long chain base. Using high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we observed a marked accumulation of lipids containing a di-unsaturated sphingadiene base in the hippocampus of mice lacking the metabolic enzyme sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2). The double bonds were localized to positions C4–C5 and C14–C15 of sphingadiene using ultraviolet photodissociation-tandem mass spectrometry (UVPD-MS/MS). Phosphorylation of sphingoid bases by sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) or SphK2 forms the penultimate step in the lysosomal catabolism of all sphingolipids. Both SphK1 and SphK2 phosphorylated sphinga-4,14-diene as efficiently as sphingosine, however deuterated tracer experiments in an oligodendrocyte cell line demonstrated that ceramides with a sphingosine base are more rapidly metabolized than those with a sphingadiene base. Since SphK2 is the dominant sphingosine kinase in brain, we propose that the accumulation of sphingadiene-based lipids in SphK2-deficient brains results from the slower catabolism of these lipids, combined with a bottleneck in the catabolic pathway created by the absence of SphK2. We have therefore uncovered a previously unappreciated role for SphK2 in lipid quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Andrew Couttas
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (T.A.C.); (H.S.); (Y.Q.); (J.D.T.); (J.C.)
| | - Yepy Hardi Rustam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (Y.H.R.); (G.E.R.)
| | - Huitong Song
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (T.A.C.); (H.S.); (Y.Q.); (J.D.T.); (J.C.)
| | - Yanfei Qi
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (T.A.C.); (H.S.); (Y.Q.); (J.D.T.); (J.C.)
| | - Jonathan David Teo
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (T.A.C.); (H.S.); (Y.Q.); (J.D.T.); (J.C.)
| | - Jinbiao Chen
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (T.A.C.); (H.S.); (Y.Q.); (J.D.T.); (J.C.)
| | - Gavin Edmund Reid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (Y.H.R.); (G.E.R.)
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony Simon Don
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (T.A.C.); (H.S.); (Y.Q.); (J.D.T.); (J.C.)
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-28627-5578
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8
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Moschetti A, Vine LN, Lethcoe K, Dagda RK, Ellison P, Ryan RO. Assembly and Characterization of Biocompatible Coenzyme Q 10 -Enriched Lipid Nanoparticles. Lipids 2020; 55:141-149. [PMID: 32074388 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ) is a strongly hydrophobic lipid that functions in the electron transport chain and as an antioxidant. CoQ10 was conferred with aqueous solubility by incorporation into nanoparticles containing phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I. These particles, termed CoQ10 nanodisks (ND), contain 1.0 mg CoQ10 /5 mg PtdCho/2 mg apoA-I (97% CoQ10 solubilization efficiency). UV/Vis absorbance spectroscopy of CoQ10 ND revealed a characteristic absorbance peak centered at 275 nm. Incorporation of CoQ10 into ND resulted in quenching of apoA-I tryptophan fluorescence emission. Gel filtration chromatography of CoQ10 ND gave rise to a single major absorbance peak and HPLC of material extracted from this peak confirmed the presence of CoQ10 . Incubation of cultured cells with CoQ10 ND, but not empty ND, resulted in a significant increase in the CoQ10 content of mitochondria as well as enhanced oxidative phosphorylation, as observed by a ~24% increase in maximal oxygen consumption rate. Collectively, a facile method to solubilize significant quantities of CoQ10 in lipid nanoparticles has been developed. The availability of CoQ10 ND provides a novel means to investigate biochemical aspects of CoQ10 uptake by cells and/or administer it to subjects deficient in this key lipid as a result of inborn errors of metabolism, statin therapy, or otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Moschetti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Lucas N Vine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Kyle Lethcoe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Ruben K Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Patricia Ellison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Robert O Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
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9
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Zhang T, Trauger SA, Vidoudez C, Doane KP, Pluimer BR, Peterson RT. Parallel Reaction Monitoring reveals structure-specific ceramide alterations in the zebrafish. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19939. [PMID: 31882772 PMCID: PMC6934720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive characterisations of the zebrafish genome and proteome have established a foundation for the use of the zebrafish as a model organism; however, characterisation of the zebrafish lipidome has not been as comprehensive. In an effort to expand current knowledge of the zebrafish sphingolipidome, a Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM)-based liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method was developed to comprehensively quantify zebrafish ceramides. Comparison between zebrafish and a human cell line demonstrated remarkable overlap in ceramide composition, but also revealed a surprising lack of most sphingadiene-containing ceramides in the zebrafish. PRM analysis of zebrafish embryogenesis identified developmental stage-specific ceramide changes based on long chain base (LCB) length. A CRISPR-Cas9-generated zebrafish model of Farber disease exhibited reduced size, early mortality, and severe ceramide accumulation where the amplitude of ceramide change depended on both acyl chain and LCB lengths. Our method adds an additional level of detail to current understanding of the zebrafish lipidome, and could aid in the elucidation of structure-function associations in the context of lipid-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sunia A Trauger
- Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles Vidoudez
- Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kim P Doane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Brock R Pluimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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10
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Shen X, Xu X, Xie C, Liu H, Yang D, Zhang J, Wu Q, Feng W, Wang L, Du L, Xuan L, Meng C, Zhang H, Wang W, Wang Y, Xie T, Huang Z. YAP promotes the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells through decreasing the nuclear location of p27 Kip1 mediated by Akt. Cell Prolif 2019; 53:e12734. [PMID: 31863533 PMCID: PMC7046475 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to investigate the roles and underlying mechanisms of YAP in the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells. Methods The expression level of YAP was evaluated by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Cell viability, cell proliferation and growth were detected by CCK‐8, PH3 and Ki67 immunostaining, and the real‐time cell analyser system. The nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins of p27Kip1 were dissociated by the nuclear‐cytosol extraction kit and were detected by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. mRNA levels of Akt, CDK5 and CRM1 were determined by qRT‐PCR. Results YAP was enriched in SH‐SY5Y cells (a human neuroblastoma cell line). Knock‐down of YAP in SH‐SY5Y cells or SK‐N‐SH cell line (another human neuroblastoma cell line) significantly decreased cell viability, inhibited cell proliferation and growth. Mechanistically, knock‐down of YAP increased the nuclear location of p27Kip1, whereas serum‐induced YAP activation decreased the nuclear location of p27Kip1 and was required for cell proliferation. Meanwhile, overexpression of YAP in these serum‐starved SH‐SY5Y cells decreased the nuclear location of p27Kip1, promoted cell proliferation and overexpression of p27Kip1 in YAP‐activated cells inhibited cell proliferation. Furthermore, knock‐down of YAP reduced Akt mRNA and protein levels. Overexpression of Akt in YAP‐downregulated cells decreased the nuclear location of p27Kip1 and accelerated the proliferation of SH‐SY5Y cells. Conclusions Our studies suggest that YAP promotes the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells through negatively controlling the nuclear location of p27Kip1 mediated by Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiya Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Anti-cancer Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Anti-cancer Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changnan Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huitao Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Danlu Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjin Feng
- Zhejiang Sinogen Medical Equipment Co., Ltd. Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology (Ministry of Health of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leilei Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lina Xuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chaobo Meng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Anti-cancer Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Anti-cancer Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Nanotechnological based miRNA intervention in the therapeutic management of neuroblastoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 69:100-108. [PMID: 31562954 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a widely diagnosed cancer in children, characterized by amplification of the gene encoding the MYCN transcription factor, which is highly predictive of poor clinical outcome and metastatic disease. microRNAs (a class of small non-coding RNAs) are regulated by MYCN transcription factor in neuroblastoma cells. The current research is focussed on identifying differential role of miRNAs and their interactions with signalling proteins, which are intricately linked with cellular processes like apoptosis, proliferation or metastasis. However, the therapeutic success of miRNAs is limited by pharmaco-technical issues which are well counteracted by nanotechnological advancements. The nanoformulated miRNAs unload anti-cancer drugs in a controlled and prespecified manner at target sites, to influence the activity of target protein in amelioration of NB. Recent advances and developments in the field of miRNAs-based systems for clinical management of NBs and the role of nanotechnology to overcome challenges with drug delivery of miRNAs have been reviewed in this paper.
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12
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Carreira AC, Santos TC, Lone MA, Zupančič E, Lloyd-Evans E, de Almeida RFM, Hornemann T, Silva LC. Mammalian sphingoid bases: Biophysical, physiological and pathological properties. Prog Lipid Res 2019:100995. [PMID: 31445071 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sphingoid bases encompass a group of long chain amino alcohols which form the essential structure of sphingolipids. Over the last years, these amphiphilic molecules were moving more and more into the focus of biomedical research due to their role as bioactive molecules. In fact, free sphingoid bases interact with specific receptors and target molecules and have been associated with numerous biological and physiological processes. In addition, they can modulate the biophysical properties of biological membranes. Several human diseases are related to pathological changes in the structure and metabolism of sphingoid bases. Yet, the mechanisms underlying their biological and pathophysiological actions remain elusive. Within this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge on the biochemical and biophysical properties of the most common sphingoid bases and to discuss their importance in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Carreira
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química e Bioquímica (CQB) e Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Sir Martin Evans Building, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - T C Santos
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química-Física Molecular - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CQFM-IN) and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M A Lone
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E Zupančič
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - E Lloyd-Evans
- Sir Martin Evans Building, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - R F M de Almeida
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica (CQB) e Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - T Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L C Silva
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química-Física Molecular - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CQFM-IN) and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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13
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Carreira AC, Santos TC, Lone MA, Zupančič E, Lloyd-Evans E, de Almeida RFM, Hornemann T, Silva LC. Mammalian sphingoid bases: Biophysical, physiological and pathological properties. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 75:100988. [PMID: 31132366 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.100988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sphingoid bases encompass a group of long chain amino alcohols which form the essential structure of sphingolipids. Over the last years, these amphiphilic molecules were moving more and more into the focus of biomedical research due to their role as bioactive molecules. In fact, free sphingoid bases interact with specific receptors and target molecules, and have been associated with numerous biological and physiological processes. In addition, they can modulate the biophysical properties of biological membranes. Several human diseases are related to pathological changes in the structure and metabolism of sphingoid bases. Yet, the mechanisms underlying their biological and pathophysiological actions remain elusive. Within this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge on the biochemical and biophysical properties of the most common sphingoid bases and to discuss their importance in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Carreira
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal; Centro de Química e Bioquímica (CQB) e Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal; Sir Martin Evans Building, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - T C Santos
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal; Centro de Química-Física Molecular - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CQFM-IN), IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M A Lone
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E Zupančič
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal
| | - E Lloyd-Evans
- Sir Martin Evans Building, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - R F M de Almeida
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica (CQB) e Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - T Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L C Silva
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal; Centro de Química-Física Molecular - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CQFM-IN), IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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