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Chauhan N, Patro BS. Emerging roles of lysosome homeostasis (repair, lysophagy and biogenesis) in cancer progression and therapy. Cancer Lett 2024; 584:216599. [PMID: 38135207 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In the era of personalized therapy, precise targeting of subcellular organelles holds great promise for cancer modality. Taking into consideration that lysosome represents the intersection site in numerous endosomal trafficking pathways and their modulation in cancer growth, progression, and resistance against cancer therapies, the lysosome is proposed as an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Based on the recent advances, the current review provides a comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms of lysosome homeostasis under 3R responses: Repair, Removal (lysophagy) and Regeneration of lysosomes. These arms of 3R responses have distinct role in lysosome homeostasis although their interdependency along with switching between the pathways still remain elusive. Recent advances underpinning the crucial role of (1) ESCRT complex dependent/independent repair of lysosome, (2) various Galectins-based sensing and ubiquitination in lysophagy and (3) TFEB/TFE proteins in lysosome regeneration/biogenesis of lysosome are outlined. Later, we also emphasised how these recent advancements may aid in development of phytochemicals and pharmacological agents for targeting lysosomes for efficient cancer therapy. Some of these lysosome targeting agents, which are now at various stages of clinical trials and patents, are also highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Chauhan
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India
| | - Birija Sankar Patro
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India.
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2
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Bestion E, Rachid M, Tijeras-Raballand A, Roth G, Decaens T, Ansaldi C, Mezouar S, Raymond E, Halfon P. Ezurpimtrostat, A Palmitoyl-Protein Thioesterase-1 Inhibitor, Combined with PD-1 Inhibition Provides CD8 + Lymphocyte Repopulation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Target Oncol 2024; 19:95-106. [PMID: 38133710 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-023-01019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase-1 (PPT1) is a clinical stage druggable target for inhibiting autophagy in cancer. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the cellular and molecular activity of targeting PPT1 using ezurpimtrostat, in combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody. METHODS In this study we used a transgenic immunocompetent mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma. RESULTS Herein, we revealed that inhibition of PPT1 using ezurpimtrostat decreased the liver tumor burden in a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing the penetration of lymphocytes into tumors when combined with anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1). Inhibition of PPT1 potentiates the effects of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy by increasing the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I at the surface of liver cancer cells and modulates immunity through recolonization and activation of cytotoxic CD8+ lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS Ezurpimtrostat turns cold tumors into hot tumors and, thus, could improve T cell-mediated immunotherapies in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïne Bestion
- Genoscience Pharma, 10, Rue d'Iéna, 13006, Marseille, France
| | - Madani Rachid
- Genoscience Pharma, 10, Rue d'Iéna, 13006, Marseille, France
| | | | - Gael Roth
- Centre hospitalouniversitaire Grenoble Alpes/Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre national de la recherché scienti-fique, Unité mixte de recherche 5309-Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1209, University Grenoble Alpes/Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Decaens
- Centre hospitalouniversitaire Grenoble Alpes/Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre national de la recherché scienti-fique, Unité mixte de recherche 5309-Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1209, University Grenoble Alpes/Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Soraya Mezouar
- Genoscience Pharma, 10, Rue d'Iéna, 13006, Marseille, France
- Etablissement français du sang, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Anthropologie bio-culturelle, droit, éthique et santé, "Biologie des Groupes Sanguins", Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Raymond
- Genoscience Pharma, 10, Rue d'Iéna, 13006, Marseille, France
- Oncology Department, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Halfon
- Genoscience Pharma, 10, Rue d'Iéna, 13006, Marseille, France.
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3
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Fischer D, Fluegen G, Garcia P, Ghaffari-Tabrizi-Wizsy N, Gribaldo L, Huang RYJ, Rasche V, Ribatti D, Rousset X, Pinto MT, Viallet J, Wang Y, Schneider-Stock R. The CAM Model-Q&A with Experts. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010191. [PMID: 36612187 PMCID: PMC9818221 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), as an extraembryonic tissue layer generated by the fusion of the chorion with the vascularized allantoic membrane, is easily accessible for manipulation. Indeed, grafting tumor cells on the CAM lets xenografts/ovografts develop in a few days for further investigations. Thus, the CAM model represents an alternative test system that is a simple, fast, and low-cost tool to study tumor growth, drug response, or angiogenesis in vivo. Recently, a new era for the CAM model in immune-oncology-based drug discovery has been opened up. Although there are many advantages offering extraordinary and unique applications in cancer research, it has also disadvantages and limitations. This review will discuss the pros and cons with experts in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Fischer
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Fluegen
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Pediatric Surgery (A), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Paul Garcia
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, 38700 La Tronche, France
- R&D Department, Inovotion, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Nassim Ghaffari-Tabrizi-Wizsy
- SFL Chicken CAM Lab, Department of Immunology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Laura Gribaldo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Volker Rasche
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, 89073 Ulm, Germany
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neurosciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Marta Texeira Pinto
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Ipatimup—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jean Viallet
- R&D Department, Inovotion, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Yan Wang
- R&D Department, Inovotion, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Experimental Tumorpathology, Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 94054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-8526-069
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4
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Zhou B, Hao Q, Liang Y, Kong E. Protein palmitoylation in cancer: molecular functions and therapeutic potential. Mol Oncol 2022; 17:3-26. [PMID: 36018061 PMCID: PMC9812842 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein S-palmitoylation (hereinafter referred to as protein palmitoylation) is a reversible lipid posttranslational modification catalyzed by the zinc finger DHHC-type containing (ZDHHC) protein family. The reverse reaction, depalmitoylation, is catalyzed by palmitoyl-protein thioesterases (PPTs), including acyl-protein thioesterases (APT1/2), palmitoyl protein thioesterases (PPT1/2), or alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 17A/B/C (ABHD17A/B/C). Proteins encoded by several oncogenes and tumor suppressors are modified by palmitoylation, which enhances the hydrophobicity of specific protein subdomains, and can confer changes in protein stability, membrane localization, protein-protein interaction, and signal transduction. The importance for protein palmitoylation in tumorigenesis has just started to be elucidated in the past decade; palmitoylation appears to affect key aspects of cancer, including cancer cell proliferation and survival, cell invasion and metastasis, and antitumor immunity. Here we review the current literature on protein palmitoylation in the various cancer types, and discuss the potential of targeting of palmitoylation enzymes or palmitoylated proteins for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhui Zhou
- Institute of Psychiatry and NeuroscienceXinxiang Medical UniversityChina,Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory MedicineXinxiang Medical UniversityChina
| | - Qianyun Hao
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Oncology IIPeking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Yinming Liang
- Institute of Psychiatry and NeuroscienceXinxiang Medical UniversityChina,Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory MedicineXinxiang Medical UniversityChina,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory MedicineXinxiang Medical UniversityChina
| | - Eryan Kong
- Institute of Psychiatry and NeuroscienceXinxiang Medical UniversityChina
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5
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Targeting the Metabolic Rewiring in Pancreatic Cancer and Its Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184351. [PMID: 36139512 PMCID: PMC9497173 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with only a few effective therapeutic options. A characteristic feature of PDAC is its unique tumor microenvironment (TME), termed desmoplasia, which shows extensive fibrosis and extracellular matrix deposition, generating highly hypoxic and nutrient-deprived conditions within the tumor. To thrive in this harsh TME, PDAC undergoes extensive metabolic rewiring that includes the altered use of glucose and glutamine, constitutive activation of autophagy-lysosomal pathways, and nutrient acquisition from host cells in the TME. Notably, these properties support PDAC metabolism and mediate therapeutic resistance, including immune suppression. A deeper understanding of the unique metabolic properties of PDAC and its TME may aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies against this deadly disease.
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6
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Albendazole-induced autophagy blockade contributes to elevated apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma cells through AMPK/mTOR activation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 454:116214. [PMID: 36055539 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Albendazole (ABZ) is a broad-spectrum anti-parasitic drug that exhibits antitumor effects against several carcinomas. The effects of ABZ on cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Our study aims to investigate the role of ABZ in inducing autophagy-mediated apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cells. The antitumor effects of ABZ were evaluated against CCA cells and HIBEC intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells. Furthermore, the apoptosis rates, and autophagy flux in RBE and FRH-0201 cells treated with ABZ were investigated. ABZ inhibited proliferation, induced cell death and apoptosis in CCA cells in vitro. In vivo, tumors from ABZ- treated BALB/c nude mice were significantly smaller than untreated mice. ABZ also induced the initiation of autophagy via AMPK/mTOR pathways, resulting in the formation of autophagosome. In addition, ABZ blocked autophagic flux by inhibiting the fusion of autophagosome-lysosome, which increased the apoptotic death of CCA cells. However, the apoptotic death of CCA cells induced by ABZ was reversed by 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagosome formation inhibitor, but increased by chloroquine (CQ), an autophagosome-lysosome fusion inhibitor.Our work provides novel mechanisms for anti-tumor effects of ABZ on CCA, suggesting that ABZ may be used as a potent autophagy inhibitor in the treatment of CCA.
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7
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He W, Gao Y, Zhou J, Shi Y, Xia D, Shen HM. Friend or Foe? Implication of the autophagy-lysosome pathway in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4690-4703. [PMID: 35874956 PMCID: PMC9305279 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing amount of evidence indicating the close interplays between the replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2 and the autophagy-lysosome pathway in the host cells. While autophagy machinery is known to either assist or inhibit the viral replication process, the reciprocal effects of the SARS-CoV-2 on the autophagy-lysosome pathway have also been increasingly appreciated. More importantly, despite the disappointing results from the clinical trials of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in treatment of COVID-19, there is still ongoing effort in discovering new therapeutics targeting the autophagy-lysosome pathway. In this review, we provide an update-to-date summary of the interplays between the autophagy-lysosome pathway in the host cells and the pathogen SARS-CoV-2 at the molecular level, to highlight the prognostic value of autophagy markers in COVID-19 patients and to discuss the potential of developing novel therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 by targeting the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Thus, understanding the nature of such interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and the autophagy-lysosome pathway in the host cells is expected to provide novel strategies in battling against this global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Dajing Xia
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital; Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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8
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Zheng Q, Zhang B, Li C, Zhang X. Overcome Drug Resistance in Cholangiocarcinoma: New Insight Into Mechanisms and Refining the Preclinical Experiment Models. Front Oncol 2022; 12:850732. [PMID: 35372014 PMCID: PMC8970309 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.850732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive tumor characterized by a poor prognosis. Therapeutic options are limited in patients with advanced stage of CCA, as a result of the intrinsic or acquired resistance to currently available chemotherapeutic agents, and the lack of new drugs entering into clinical application. The challenge in translating basic research to the clinical setting, caused by preclinical models not being able to recapitulate the tumor characteristics of the patient, seems to be an important reason for the lack of effective and specific therapies for CCA. So, there seems to be two ways to improve patient outcomes. The first one is developing the combination therapies based on a better understanding of the mechanisms contributing to the resistance to currently available chemotherapeutic agents. The second one is developing novel preclinical experimental models that better recapitulate the genetic and histopathological features of the primary tumor, facilitating the screening of new drugs for CCA patients. In this review, we discussed the evidence implicating the mechanisms underlying treatment resistance to currently investigated drugs, and the development of preclinical experiment models for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfan Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changfeng Li
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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9
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GNS561 Exhibits Potent Antiviral Activity against SARS-CoV-2 through Autophagy Inhibition. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010132. [PMID: 35062337 PMCID: PMC8778678 DOI: 10.3390/v14010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has spread quickly worldwide, leading to more than 280 million confirmed cases, including over 5,000,000 deaths. Interestingly, coronaviruses were found to subvert and hijack autophagic process to allow their viral replication. Autophagy-modulating compounds thus rapidly emerged as an attractive strategy to fight SARS-CoV-2 infection, including the well-known chloroquine (CQ). Here, we investigated the antiviral activity and associated mechanism of GNS561/Ezurpimtrostat, a small lysosomotropic molecule inhibitor of late-stage autophagy. Interestingly, GNS561 exhibited antiviral activity of 6–40 nM depending on the viral strain considered, currently positioning it as the most powerful molecule investigated in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We then showed that GNS561 was located in lysosome-associated-membrane-protein-2-positive (LAMP2-positive) lysosomes, together with SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, GNS561 increased LC3-II spot size and caused the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and the presence of multilamellar bodies, suggesting that GNS561 disrupted the autophagy mechanism. To confirm our findings, we used the K18-hACE2 mouse model and highlighted that GNS561 treatment led to a decline in SARS-CoV-2 virions in the lungs associated with a disruption of the autophagy pathway. Overall, our study highlights GNS561 as a powerful drug in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and supports the hypothesis that autophagy blockers could be an alternative strategy for COVID-19.
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10
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Ganzleben I, Neurath MF, Becker C. Autophagy in Cancer Therapy-Molecular Mechanisms and Current Clinical Advances. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215575. [PMID: 34771737 PMCID: PMC8583685 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Autophagy is the capability of cells to dismantle and recycle parts of themselves. This process is closely intertwined with other crucial cell functions, such as growth and control of metabolism. Autophagy is oftentimes dysregulated in cancer and offers established and advanced tumors protection against a lack of nutrients and an advantage regarding proliferation. This review will present an overview of the basics of human autophagy, its dysregulation in cancer, and approaches to target autophagy in cancer treatment in recent and current clinical trials as well as new findings of preclinical research. Abstract Autophagy is a crucial general survival tactic of mammalian cells. It describes the capability of cells to disassemble and partially recycle cellular components (e.g., mitochondria) in case they are damaged and pose a risk to cell survival or simply if their resources are urgently needed elsewhere at the time. Autophagy-associated pathomechanisms have been increasingly recognized as important disease mechanisms in non-malignant (neurodegeneration, diffuse parenchymal lung disease) and malignant conditions alike. However, the overall consequences of autophagy for the organism depend particularly on the greater context in which autophagy occurs, such as the cell type or whether the cell is proliferating. In cancer, autophagy sustains cancer cell survival under challenging, i.e., resource-depleted, conditions. However, this leads to situations in which cancer cells are completely dependent on autophagy. Accordingly, autophagy represents a promising yet complex target in cancer treatment with therapeutically induced increase and decrease of autophagic flux as important therapeutic principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Ganzleben
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.G.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.G.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.G.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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11
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Brun S, Bestion E, Raymond E, Bassissi F, Jilkova ZM, Mezouar S, Rachid M, Novello M, Tracz J, Hamaï A, Lalmanach G, Vanderlynden L, Legouffe R, Stauber J, Schubert T, Plach MG, Courcambeck J, Drouot C, Jacquemot G, Serdjebi C, Roth G, Baudoin JP, Ansaldi C, Decaens T, Halfon P. GNS561, a clinical-stage PPT1 inhibitor, is efficient against hepatocellular carcinoma via modulation of lysosomal functions. Autophagy 2021; 18:678-694. [PMID: 34740311 PMCID: PMC9037544 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1988357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most frequent primary liver cancer. Macroautophagy/autophagy inhibitors have been extensively studied in cancer but, to date, none has reached efficacy in clinical trials. In this study, we demonstrated that GNS561, a new autophagy inhibitor, whose anticancer activity was previously linked to lysosomal cell death, displayed high liver tropism and potent antitumor activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines and in two hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo models. We showed that due to its lysosomotropic properties, GNS561 could reach and specifically inhibited its enzyme target, PPT1 (palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1), resulting in lysosomal unbound Zn2+ accumulation, impairment of cathepsin activity, blockage of autophagic flux, altered location of MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase), lysosomal membrane permeabilization, caspase activation and cell death. Accordingly, GNS561, for which a global phase 1b clinical trial in liver cancers was just successfully achieved, represents a promising new drug candidate and a hopeful therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment. Abbreviations: ANXA5:annexin A5; ATCC: American type culture collection; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CASP3: caspase 3; CASP7: caspase 7; CASP8: caspase 8; CCND1: cyclin D1; CTSB: cathepsin B; CTSD: cathepsin D; CTSL: cathepsin L; CQ: chloroquine; iCCA: intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; DEN: diethylnitrosamine; DMEM: Dulbelcco’s modified Eagle medium; FBS: fetal bovine serum; FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; HDSF: hexadecylsulfonylfluoride; IC50: mean half-maximal inhibitory concentration; LAMP: lysosomal associated membrane protein; LC3-II: phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated form of MAP1LC3; LMP: lysosomal membrane permeabilization; MALDI: matrix assisted laser desorption ionization; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MKI67: marker of proliferation Ki-67; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; NH4Cl: ammonium chloride; NtBuHA: N-tert-butylhydroxylamine; PARP: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PPT1: palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1; SD: standard deviation; SEM: standard error mean; vs, versus; Zn2+: zinc ion; Z-Phe: Z-Phe-Tyt(tBu)-diazomethylketone; Z-VAD-FMK: carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-[O-methyl]- fluoromethylketone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eloïne Bestion
- Genoscience Pharma, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, MEPHI, APHM, IRD, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Raymond
- Genoscience Pharma, Marseille, France.,Medical Oncology, Paris Saint-Joseph Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Zuzana Macek Jilkova
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center UGA/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, La Tronche, France.,University of Grenoble Alpes, Faculté De Médecine, France.,Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, Chu Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Ahmed Hamaï
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Inserm U1151-CNRS UMR, Paris, France.,University of Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Lalmanach
- Inserm, UMR1100, Centre d'Etude Des Pathologies Respiratoires, Equipe "Mécanismes Protéolytiques Dans l'Inflammation", Tours, France.,University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Lise Vanderlynden
- Inserm, UMR1100, Centre d'Etude Des Pathologies Respiratoires, Equipe "Mécanismes Protéolytiques Dans l'Inflammation", Tours, France.,University of Tours, Tours, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gael Roth
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center UGA/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, La Tronche, France.,University of Grenoble Alpes, Faculté De Médecine, France.,Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, Chu Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Baudoin
- Aix-Marseille Univ, MEPHI, APHM, IRD, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Thomas Decaens
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center UGA/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, La Tronche, France.,University of Grenoble Alpes, Faculté De Médecine, France.,Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, Chu Grenoble, France
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12
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Brun S, Pascussi JM, Gifu EP, Bestion E, Macek-Jilkova Z, Wang G, Bassissi F, Mezouar S, Courcambeck J, Merle P, Decaens T, Pannequin J, Halfon P, Caron de Fromentel C. GNS561, a New Autophagy Inhibitor Active against Cancer Stem Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Hepatic Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:5432-5438. [PMID: 34405006 PMCID: PMC8364651 DOI: 10.7150/jca.58533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) have a very poor prognosis due to the lack of efficient treatments. As observed in several other tumors, the effectiveness of treatments is mainly hampered by the presence of a highly tumorigenic sub-population of cancer cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs). Indeed, CSCs are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and can regenerate the tumor bulk. Hence, innovative drugs that are efficient against both bulk tumor cells and CSCs would likely improve cancer treatment. In this study, we demonstrated that GNS561, a new autophagy inhibitor that induces lysosomal cell death, showed significant activity against not only the whole tumor population but also a sub-population displaying CSC features (high ALDH activity and tumorsphere formation ability) in HCC and in liver mCRC cell lines. These results were confirmed in vivo in HCC from a DEN-induced cirrhotic rat model in which GNS561 decreased tumor growth and reduced the frequency of CSCs (CD90+CD45-). Thus, GNS561 offers great promise for cancer therapy by exterminating both the tumor bulk and the CSC sub-population. Accordingly, a global phase 1b clinical trial in liver cancers was recently completed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Patricia Gifu
- CRCL, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Université Lyon 1 ‐ Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Eloïne Bestion
- Genoscience Pharma, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Univ, MEPHI, APHM, IRD, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Zuzana Macek-Jilkova
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center UGA, Inserm U 1209, CNRS 5309, La Tronche, France
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Faculté de Médecine, France
- Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato‐gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, CHU Grenoble, France
| | - Guanxiong Wang
- CRCL, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Université Lyon 1 ‐ Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Philippe Merle
- CRCL, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Université Lyon 1 ‐ Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Decaens
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center UGA, Inserm U 1209, CNRS 5309, La Tronche, France
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Faculté de Médecine, France
- Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato‐gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, CHU Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Pannequin
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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13
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Preis E, Schulze J, Gutberlet B, Pinnapireddy SR, Jedelská J, Bakowsky U. The chorioallantoic membrane as a bio-barrier model for the evaluation of nanoscale drug delivery systems for tumour therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:317-336. [PMID: 33905805 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In 2010, the European Parliament and the European Union adopted a directive on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. The directive aims to protect animals in scientific research, with the final goal of complete replacement of procedures on live animals for scientific and educational purposes as soon as it is scientifically viable. Furthermore, the directive announces the implementation of the 3Rs principle: "When choosing methods, the principles of replacement, reduction and refinement should be implemented through a strict hierarchy of the requirement to use alternative methods." The visibility, accessibility, and the rapid growth of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) offers a clear advantage for various manipulations and for the simulation of different Bio-Barriers according to the 3R principle. The extensive vascularisation on the CAM provides an excellent substrate for the cultivation of tumour cells or tumour xenografts which could be used for the therapeutic evaluation of nanoscale drug delivery systems. The tumour can be targeted either by topical application, intratumoural injection or i.v. injection. Different application sites and biological barriers can be examined within a single model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Preis
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan Schulze
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Gutberlet
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Shashank Reddy Pinnapireddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany; CSL Behring Innovation GmbH, Emil-von-Behring-Str. 76, 35041 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jarmila Jedelská
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany; Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Core Facility for Small Animal MRI, Hans-Meerwein Str. 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Udo Bakowsky
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
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14
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Piffoux M, Eriau E, Cassier PA. Autophagy as a therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:333-344. [PMID: 32929194 PMCID: PMC7852577 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterised by early metastasis and resistance to anti-cancer therapy, leading to an overall poor prognosis. Despite continued research efforts, no targeted therapy has yet shown meaningful efficacy in PDAC; mutations in the oncogene KRAS and the tumour suppressor TP53, which are the most common genomic alterations in PDAC, have so far shown poor clinical actionability. Autophagy, a conserved process allowing cells to recycle altered or unused organelles and cellular components, has been shown to be upregulated in PDAC and is implicated in resistance to both cytotoxic chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Autophagy is thus regarded as a potential therapeutic target in PDAC and other cancers. Although the molecular mechanisms of autophagy activation in PDAC are only beginning to emerge, several groups have reported interesting results when combining inhibitors of the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and inhibitors of autophagy in models of PDAC and other KRAS-driven cancers. In this article, we review the existing preclinical data regarding the role of autophagy in PDAC, as well as results of relevant clinical trials with agents that modulate autophagy in this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Piffoux
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- INSERM UMR 1197-Interaction cellules souches-niches: physiologie, tumeurs et réparation tissulaire, Villejuif, France
- Laboratoire matière et systèmes complexes, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Erwan Eriau
- Team 11 « Metabolism, Cancer, Immunity », UMR S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Philippe A Cassier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
- TGFβ and Pancreatic Cancer Lab, UMR INSERM 1052 - CNRS 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de LYON (CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
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15
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Halfon P, Bestion E, Zandi K, Andreani J, Baudoin JP, La Scola B, Mege JL, Mezouar S, Schinazi RF. GNS561 exhibits potent in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 through autophagy inhibition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 33052342 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.06.327635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV) has spread quickly worldwide, with more than 29 million cases and 920,000 deaths. Interestingly, coronaviruses were found to subvert and hijack the autophagic process to allow their viral replication. One of the spotlights had been focused on the autophagy inhibitors as a target mechanism effective in the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Consequently, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a derivative of CQ, was suggested as the first potentially be therapeutic strategies as they are known to be autophagy inhibitors. Then, they were used as therapeutics in SARS-CoV-2 infection along with remdesivir, for which the FDA approved emergency use authorization. Here, we investigated the antiviral activity and associated mechanism of GNS561, a small basic lipophilic molecule inhibitor of late-stage autophagy, against SARS-CoV-2. Our data indicated that GNS561 showed the highest antiviral effect for two SARS-CoV-2 strains compared to CQ and remdesivir. Focusing on the autophagy mechanism, we showed that GNS561, located in LAMP2-positive lysosomes, together with SARS-CoV-2, blocked autophagy by increasing the size of LC3-II spots and the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles in the cytoplasm with the presence of multilamellar bodies characteristic of a complexed autophagy. Finally, our study revealed that the combination of GNS561 and remdesivir was associated with a strong synergistic antiviral effect against SARS-CoV-2. Overall, our study highlights GNS561 as a powerful drug in SARS-CoV-2 infection and supports that the hypothesis that autophagy inhibitors could be an alternative strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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16
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Leclair HM, Tardif N, Paris A, Galibert MD, Corre S. Role of Flavonoids in the Prevention of AhR-Dependent Resistance During Treatment with BRAF Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145025. [PMID: 32708687 PMCID: PMC7404066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF and MEK inhibitors (BRAFi and MEKi) are the standard of care for the treatment of metastatic melanoma in patients with BRAFV600E mutations, greatly improving progression-free survival. However, the acquisition of resistance to BRAFi and MEKi remains a difficult clinical challenge, with limited therapeutic options available for these patients. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of natural flavonoids as specific AhR (Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor) transcription factor antagonists in combination with BRAFi. Experimental Design: Experiments were performed in vitro and in vivo with various human melanoma cell lines (mutated for BRAFV600E) sensitive or resistant to BRAFi. We evaluated the role of various flavonoids on cell sensitivity to BRAFi and their ability to counteract resistance and the invasive phenotype of melanoma. Results: Flavonoids were highly effective in potentiating BRAFi therapy in human melanoma cell lines by increasing sensitivity and delaying the pool of resistant cells that arise during treatment. As AhR antagonists, flavonoids counteracted a gene expression program associated with the acquisition of resistance and phenotype switching that leads to an invasive and EMT-like phenotype. Conclusions: The use of natural flavonoids opens new therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of patients with BRAF-resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse M. Leclair
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, University Rennes–UMR6290, F-35000 Rennes, France; (H.M.L.); (N.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Nina Tardif
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, University Rennes–UMR6290, F-35000 Rennes, France; (H.M.L.); (N.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Anaïs Paris
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, University Rennes–UMR6290, F-35000 Rennes, France; (H.M.L.); (N.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Marie-Dominique Galibert
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, University Rennes–UMR6290, F-35000 Rennes, France; (H.M.L.); (N.T.); (A.P.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Hospital University of Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
- Correspondence: (M.-D.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Sébastien Corre
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, University Rennes–UMR6290, F-35000 Rennes, France; (H.M.L.); (N.T.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.-D.G.); (S.C.)
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Bestion E, Jilkova ZM, Mège JL, Novello M, Kurma K, Pour STA, Lalmanach G, Vanderlynden L, Fizanne L, Bassissi F, Rachid M, Tracz J, Boursier J, Courcambeck J, Serdjebi C, Ansaldi C, Decaens T, Halfon P, Brun S. GNS561 acts as a potent anti-fibrotic and pro-fibrolytic agent in liver fibrosis through TGF-β1 inhibition. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2020; 11:2040622320942042. [PMID: 32728410 PMCID: PMC7366401 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320942042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatic fibrosis is the result of chronic liver injury that can progress to
cirrhosis and lead to liver failure. Nevertheless, there are no
anti-fibrotic drugs licensed for human use. Here, we investigated the
anti-fibrotic activity of GNS561, a new lysosomotropic molecule with high
liver tropism. Methods: The anti-fibrotic effect of GNS561 was determined in vitro
using LX-2 hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and primary human HSCs by studying
cell viability, activity of caspases 3/7, autophagic flux, cathepsin
maturation and activity, HSC activation and transforming growth factor-β1
(TGF-β1) maturation and signaling. The contribution of GNS561
lysosomotropism to its anti-fibrotic activity was assessed by increasing
lysosomal pH. The potency of GNS561 on fibrosis was evaluated in
vivo in a rat model of diethylnitrosamine-induced liver
fibrosis. Results: GNS561 significantly decreased cell viability and promoted apoptosis.
Disrupting the lysosomal pH gradient impaired its pharmacological effects,
suggesting that GNS561 lysosomotropism mediated cell death. GNS561 impaired
cathepsin activity, leading to defective TGF-β1 maturation and autophagic
processes. Moreover, GNS561 decreased HSC activation and extracellular
matrix deposition by downregulating TGF-β1/Smad and mitogen-activated
proteine kinase signaling and inducing fibrolysis. Finally, oral
administration of GNS561 (15 mg/kg per day) was well tolerated and
attenuated diethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis in this rat model
(decrease of collagen deposition and of pro-fibrotic markers and increase of
fibrolysis). Conclusion: GNS561 is a new potent lysosomotropic compound that could represent a valid
medicinal option for hepatic fibrosis treatment through both its
anti-fibrotic and its pro-fibrolytic effects. In addition, this study
provides a rationale for targeting lysosomes as a promising therapeutic
strategy in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïne Bestion
- Genoscience Pharma, Marseille, France, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Zuzana Macek Jilkova
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center UGA/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, La Tronche, France Université Grenoble Alpes, Faculté de médecine, France, Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, CHU Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mège
- IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Keerthi Kurma
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center UGA/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, La Tronche, France Université Grenoble Alpes, Faculté de médecine, France, Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, CHU Grenoble, France
| | - Seyedeh Tayebeh Ahmad Pour
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center UGA/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, La Tronche, France Université Grenoble Alpes, Faculté de médecine, France, Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, CHU Grenoble, France
| | - Gilles Lalmanach
- INSERM, UMR1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Equipe «Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation», Tours, France, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Lise Vanderlynden
- INSERM, UMR1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Equipe «Mécanismes Protéolytiques dans l'Inflammation», Tours, France, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Lionel Fizanne
- Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES EA 3859, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | | | | | | | - Jérôme Boursier
- Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES EA 3859, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Decaens
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center UGA/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, La Tronche, France Université Grenoble Alpes, Faculté de médecine, France, Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, CHU Grenoble, France
| | | | - Sonia Brun
- Genoscience Pharma, 10 Rue d'Iéna, Marseille, 13006, France
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Chiangjong W, Chutipongtanate S, Hongeng S. Anticancer peptide: Physicochemical property, functional aspect and trend in clinical application (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 57:678-696. [PMID: 32705178 PMCID: PMC7384845 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is currently ineffectively treated using therapeutic drugs, and is also able to resist drug action, resulting in increased side effects following drug treatment. A novel therapeutic strategy against cancer cells is the use of anticancer peptides (ACPs). The physicochemical properties, amino acid composition and the addition of chemical groups on the ACP sequence influences their conformation, net charge and orientation of the secondary structure, leading to an effect on targeting specificity and ACP-cell interaction, as well as peptide penetrating capability, stability and efficacy. ACPs have been developed from both naturally occurring and modified peptides by substituting neutral or anionic amino acid residues with cationic amino acid residues, or by adding a chemical group. The modified peptides lead to an increase in the effectiveness of cancer therapy. Due to this effectiveness, ACPs have recently been improved to form drugs and vaccines, which have sequentially been evaluated in various phases of clinical trials. The development of the ACPs remains focused on generating newly modified ACPs for clinical application in order to decrease the incidence of new cancer cases and decrease the mortality rate. The present review could further facilitate the design of ACPs and increase efficacious ACP therapy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wararat Chiangjong
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Somchai Chutipongtanate
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Perez-Montoyo H. Therapeutic Potential of Autophagy Modulation in Cholangiocarcinoma. Cells 2020; 9:E614. [PMID: 32143356 PMCID: PMC7140412 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a multistep catabolic process through which misfolded, aggregated or mutated proteins and damaged organelles are internalized in membrane vesicles called autophagosomes and ultimately fused to lysosomes for degradation of sequestered components. The multistep nature of the process offers multiple regulation points prone to be deregulated and cause different human diseases but also offers multiple targetable points for designing therapeutic strategies. Cancer cells have evolved to use autophagy as an adaptive mechanism to survive under extremely stressful conditions within the tumor microenvironment, but also to increase invasiveness and resistance to anticancer drugs such as chemotherapy. This review collects clinical evidence of autophagy deregulation during cholangiocarcinogenesis together with preclinical reports evaluating compounds that modulate autophagy to induce cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell death. Altogether, experimental data suggest an impairment of autophagy during initial steps of CCA development and increased expression of autophagy markers on established tumors and in invasive phenotypes. Preclinical efficacy of autophagy modulators promoting CCA cell death, reducing invasiveness capacity and resensitizing CCA cells to chemotherapy open novel therapeutic avenues to design more specific and efficient strategies to treat this aggressive cancer.
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