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Al-Shaeri M, Paterson L, Stobie M, Cyphus P, Hartl MGJ. Trophic Transfer of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes at the Base of the Food Chain and Toxicological Response. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4363. [PMID: 36558216 PMCID: PMC9784265 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The potential for trophic transfer of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was assessed using the green algae Tetraselmis suecica and the blue mussel Mytilus edulis in a series of laboratory experiments. Swanee River Natural Organic Matter (SRNOM)-dispersed SWCNTs were introduced into growing algal cultures. Light microscopical observations, confirmed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy, showed that SWCNT agglomerates adhered to the external algal cell walls and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) results suggested internalization. A direct effect of SWCNT exposure on the algae was a significant decrease in growth, expressed as chlorophyll a concentration and cell viability. Mussels, fed with algae in the presence of SWCNTs, led to significantly increased pseudofaeces production, indicating selective feeding. Nevertheless, histological sections of the mussel digestive gland following exposure showed evidence of SWCNT-containing algae. Furthermore, DNA damage and oxidative stress biomarker responses in the mussel haemocytes and gill tissue were significantly altered from baseline values and were consistent with previously observed responses to SWCNT exposure. In conclusion, the observed SWCNT-algal interaction demonstrated the potential for SWCNT entrance at the base of the food chain, which may facilitate their trophic transfer with potential consequences for human exposure and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Al-Shaeri
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lynn Paterson
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Margret Stobie
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Paul Cyphus
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Mark G. J. Hartl
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
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Connolly M, Little S, Hartl MGJ, Fernandes TF. An Integrated Testing Strategy for Ecotoxicity (ITS-ECO) Assessment in the Marine Environmental Compartment using Mytilus spp.: A Case Study using Pristine and Coated CuO and TiO 2 Nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1390-1406. [PMID: 35226375 PMCID: PMC9321938 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An integrated testing strategy for ecotoxicity assessment (ITS-ECO) was developed to aid in the hazard and fate assessment of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) deposited in marine environments using the bivalve Mytilus spp. as a test species. The ENMs copper(II) oxide (CuO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2 ), either in pristine form (core) or with functionalized coatings (polyethylene glycol [PEG], carboxyl [COOH], and ammonia [NH3 ]) were selected as case study materials based on their production levels and use. High-throughput in vitro testing in Tier 1 of the ITS-ECO revealed CuO ENMs to elicit cytotoxic effects on lysosomes of hemocytes of mussels, with the hazard potential CuO PEG > CuO COOH > CuO NH3 > CuO core, whereas TiO2 ENMs were not cytotoxic. Genotoxicity in hemocytes as well as gill cells of mussels following in vivo exposure (48 h) to CuO ENMs was also seen. Longer in vivo exposures in Tier 2 (48 h-21 days) revealed subacute and chronic oxidative effects for both CuO and TiO2 ENMs, in some cases leading to lipid peroxidation (core TiO2 ENMs). In Tier 3 bioaccumulation studies, distinct patterns of uptake for Cu (predominantly in gills) and Ti (predominantly in digestive glands) and between the different core and coated ENMs were found. Clear NM-specific and coating-dependent effects on hazard and fate were seen. Overall, using a tiered testing approach, the ITS-ECO was able to differentiate the hazard (acute, subacute, and chronic effects) posed by ENMs of different compositions and coatings and to provide information on fate for environmental risk assessment of these ENMs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1390-1406. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Connolly
- Institute of Life and Earth SciencesHeriot‐Watt UniversityEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Simon Little
- Institute of Life and Earth SciencesHeriot‐Watt UniversityEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark G. J. Hartl
- Institute of Life and Earth SciencesHeriot‐Watt UniversityEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Teresa F. Fernandes
- Institute of Life and Earth SciencesHeriot‐Watt UniversityEdinburghUnited Kingdom
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Erraud A, Bonnard M, Geffard O, Chaumot A, Duflot A, Geffard A, Forget-Leray J, Xuereb B. Assessment of sperm DNA integrity within the Palaemon longirostris (H. ) population of the Seine estuary. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:485-493. [PMID: 30458378 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The interpretation of biomarkers in natura should be based on a referential of expected values in uncontaminated conditions. Nevertheless, to build a reference data set of biomarker responses in estuarine areas, which receive chronic pollution loads due to their transition position between continent and sea, is impossible. In this context, the aim of the present work was to propose the use of laboratory recovery period to define a baseline for the measurement of sperm DNA damage by Comet assay in the estuarine prawn Palaemon longirostris. For that, sperm DNA integrity was observed after both a passive (i.e. 20 days in a clean environment) and an active (i.e. forced renewal of spermatophores) recovery of wild P. longirostris specimens from the Seine estuary, in laboratory conditions. Then, the levels of sperm DNA damage recorded within the P. longirostris population of the Seine estuary, during six campaigns of sampling from April 2015 to October 2017, have been interpreted according to the defined threshold values. The results showed a persistence in the level of DNA damage after 20-day in clean environment with the passive recovery. This strategy was inconclusive to reach a baseline level but it revealed the lack of DNA repair mechanisms. For the active recovery, a decrease of 54% of the level of DNA damage has been observed after the first renewal of spermatophores and this level stabilized after the second renewal. On the basis of this second strategy, we defined a mean basal value of sperm DNA damage of 54.9 A.U. and a maximum threshold of 69.7 A.U. (i.e. 95 %CI). The analysis of the results using the reference value highlighted significant abnormal sperm DNA damage within the native population of P. longirostris from the Seine estuary on all stations during the six-sampling campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Erraud
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Marc Bonnard
- Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, 51100, Reims, France
| | - Olivier Geffard
- IRSTEA, UR RiverLY Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, F-69625, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Arnaud Chaumot
- IRSTEA, UR RiverLY Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, F-69625, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aurélie Duflot
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Alain Geffard
- Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, 51100, Reims, France
| | - Joëlle Forget-Leray
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Benoit Xuereb
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, 76600, Le Havre, France.
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D’costa AH, S.K. S, M.K. PK, Furtado S. The Backwater Clam ( Meretrix casta ) as a bioindicator species for monitoring the pollution of an estuarine environment by genotoxic agents. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 825:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Martins M, Costa PM. The comet assay in Environmental Risk Assessment of marine pollutants: applications, assets and handicaps of surveying genotoxicity in non-model organisms. Mutagenesis 2014; 30:89-106. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Evaluation of single-cell gel electrophoresis data: combination of variance analysis with sum of ranking differences. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 771:15-22. [PMID: 25308437 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Specimens of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis were collected from five sites in the Boka Kotorska Bay (Adriatic Sea, Montenegro) during the period summer 2011-autumn 2012. Three types of tissue, haemolymph, digestive gland were used for assessment of DNA damage. Images of randomly selected cells were analyzed with a fluorescence microscope and image analysis by the Comet Assay IV Image-analysis system. Three parameters, viz. tail length, tail intensity and Olive tail moment were analyzed on 4200 nuclei per cell type. We observed variations in the level of DNA damage in mussels collected at different sites, as well as seasonal variations in response. Sum of ranking differences (SRD) was implemented to compare use of different types of cell and different measure of comet tail per nucleus. Numerical scales were transferred into ranks, range scaling between 0 and 1; standardization and normalization were carried out. SRD selected the best (and worst) combinations: tail moment is the best for all data treatment and for all organs; second best is tail length, and intensity ranks third (except for digestive gland). The differences were significant at the 5% level. Whereas gills and haemolymph cells do not differ significantly, cells of the digestive gland are much more suitable to estimate genotoxicity. Variance analysis decomposed the effect of different factors on the SRD values. This unique combination has provided not only the relative importance of factors, but also an overall evaluation: the best evaluation method, the best data pre-treatment, etc., were chosen even for partially contradictory data. The rank transformation is superior to any other way of scaling, which is proven by ordering the SRD values by SRD again, and by cross validation.
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Al-Shaeri M, Ahmed D, McCluskey F, Turner G, Paterson L, Dyrynda EA, Hartl MGJ. Potentiating toxicological interaction of single-walled carbon nanotubes with dissolved metals. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2013; 32:2701-2710. [PMID: 23982896 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored the ecotoxicology of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and their likely interaction with dissolved metals, with a focus on the effect of in vivo exposure in marine mussels. Any nano-scale effects were negated by the tendency of uncoated SWCNTs to agglomerate in water, particularly with high ionic strength as is the case in estuarine and full-strength seawater. However, SWCNTs, in combination with natural organic matter, remained suspended in seawater for long enough to become available to filter-feeding mussels, leading to their concentration on and increased contact with gill epithelia during exposure. For the first time, the authors describe a potentiating toxicological effect, expressed as DNA strand breaks obtained using the comet assay, on divalent metals afforded by negatively charged SWCNT agglomerates in seawater at concentrations as low as 5 µg L⁻¹. This is supported by the observation that SWCNTs alone were only toxic at concentrations ≥100 µg L⁻¹ and that the SWCNT-induced DNA damage was correlated with oxidative stress only in the absence of metals. If these laboratory experiments are confirmed in the natural environment, the present results will have implications for the understanding of the role of carbon nanotubes in environmental metal dynamics, toxicology, and consequently, regulatory requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Al-Shaeri
- Heriot-Watt University, Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; King Abdulaziz University, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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