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Beringue A, Queffelec J, Le Lann C, Sulmon C. Sublethal pesticide exposure in non-target terrestrial ecosystems: From known effects on individuals to potential consequences on trophic interactions and network functioning. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 260:119620. [PMID: 39032619 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Over the last decades, the intensification of agriculture has resulted in an increasing use of pesticides, which has led to widespread contamination of non-target ecosystems in agricultural landscapes. Plants and arthropods inhabiting these systems are therefore chronically exposed to, at least, low levels of pesticides through direct pesticide drift, but also through the contamination of their nutrient sources (e.g. soil water or host/prey tissues). Pesticides (herbicides, acaricides/insecticides and fungicides) are chemical substances used to control pests, such as weeds, phytophagous arthropods and pathogenic microorganisms. These molecules are designed to disturb specific physiological mechanisms and induce mortality in targeted organisms. However, under sublethal exposure, pesticides also affect biological processes including metabolism, development, reproduction or inter-specific interactions even in organisms that do not possess the molecular target of the pesticide. Despite the broad current knowledge on sublethal effects of pesticides on organisms, their adverse effects on trophic interactions are less investigated, especially within terrestrial trophic networks. In this review, we provide an overview of the effects, both target and non-target, of sublethal exposures to pesticides on traits involved in trophic interactions between plants, phytophagous insects and their natural enemies. We also discuss how these effects may impact ecosystem functioning by analyzing studies investigating the responses of Plant-Phytophage-Natural enemy trophic networks to pesticides. Finally, we highlight the current challenges and research prospects in the understanding of the effects of pesticides on trophic interactions and networks in non-target terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Beringue
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution)], UMR, 6553, Rennes, France
| | | | - Cécile Le Lann
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution)], UMR, 6553, Rennes, France
| | - Cécile Sulmon
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution)], UMR, 6553, Rennes, France.
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Hou YY, Zang ZY, Lü WJ, Xu W, Desneux N, Zang LS. Transgenerational hormesis and sublethal effects of five key insecticides for controlling Spodoptera frugiperda on its endoparasitoid Cotesia marginiventris. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1681-1691. [PMID: 38010617 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endoparasitoid Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) is a promising biological control agent of the fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith). Because the application of insecticides is one of the prime choices in pest management, we evaluated the sublethal and transgenerational effects of the five key insecticides-chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, spinetoram, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), and Mamestra brassicae nucleopolyhedrovirus (MbNPV)-on the parasitoid. RESULTS Exposure to five insecticides at a concentration causing 10% mortality (LC10 ) caused hormetic effects in the parent generation (F0 ) by increasing the parasitism and reducing the immature duration. Interestingly, the hormetic response was also observed in the offspring generation indirectly exposed to the insecticides. Furthermore, insecticides increased the parasitism rate by 6.32-14.73% in the F1 generation, which was similar to that of the F0 generation (3.96-11.81%) compared with the control. No significant adverse effect was observed on the number of emerged parasitoids of the F1 and F2 generations. However, insecticides had a detrimental impact on body size and fecundity in the F1 and F2 generations, which showed a small body size with shorter hind tibiae and a significant reduction in the female ratio compared with the control; the exception was that chlorantraniliprole significantly improved the female ratio in the F2 generation. CONCLUSIONS Five insecticides at LC10 induced transgenerational hormetic and sublethal effects on C. marginiventris. Our results provide a scientific basis for a better understanding of the long-term impacts of insecticides at sublethal doses on parasitoids, facilitating the development of improved integrated pest management programs for FAW control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Hou
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuo-Yi Zang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wen-Jie Lü
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Lian-Sheng Zang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Li X, Song S, Wei F, Huang X, Guo Y, Zhang T. Occurrence, distribution, and translocation of legacy and current-use pesticides in pomelo orchards in South China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169674. [PMID: 38160827 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Pomelo (Citrus grandis) is a highly popular and juicy member of the citrus family. However, little is known regarding the occurrence and distribution of pesticides in pomelo. In this study, we determined the levels of legacy (n = 25) and current-use pesticides (n = 2) in all parts of pomelo (i.e., epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp, pulp, and seed) and paired soil and leaf samples collected from two pomelo orchards in South China. At least one target pesticide was detected in the pomelo fruit, soil, and leaf samples, indicating that these pesticides were ubiquitous. The spatial distribution of the total concentration of pesticides in the pomelo parts was in the order of epicarp (216 ng/g) > mesocarp (9.50 ng/g) > endocarp (4.40 ng/g) > seed (3.80 ng/g) > pulp (1.10 ng/g), revealing different spatial distributions in pomelo. Principal component analysis was performed based on the concentrations of the target pesticides in the pulp and paired samples of epicarp, leaf, topsoil, and deep soil to examine the translocation pathway of the pesticides in pomelo. Close correlations were found among the target pesticides, and the pesticides in the pulp were mainly transferred from the epicarp, topsoil, or deep soil. We also explored the factors that affected such transport and found that the main translocation pathway of the non-systemic pesticide (i.e., buprofezin) into the pulp was the epicarp, whereas the systemic pesticide (i.e., pyriproxyfen) was mainly derived from the soil. The cumulative chronic dietary risks of all the pesticides resulting from pomelo consumption were much lower than the acceptable daily intake values for the general population. However, the prolonged risk of exposure to these pesticides should not be underestimated. The potential health risks posed by legacy and current-use pesticides, which are widely and frequently utilized, should be given increased attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China
| | - Shiming Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China
| | - Fenghua Wei
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China
| | - Xiongfei Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuankai Guo
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Singh S, Protasov A, Kramer RM, Yaacobi G, Kaspi R. Toxicity assessment of common acaricides and mineral oils on Anagyrus vladimiri, an effective biocontrol agent of citrus mealybug. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:798-814. [PMID: 37039255 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pesticides, while playing an important role in the suppression of insect pests, should be used in a manner that minimizes negative effects on natural enemies. The parasitoid, Anagyrus vladimiri Triapitsyn (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), plays an important role in the management of mealybug pests of citrus groves in the Mediterranean region. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of commonly used acaricides (Spirodiclofen, Spirotetramat, Sulfur, Fenpyroximate, Abamectin) and mineral oils (Levanola, EOS, JMS, and Ultrapaz) on acute mortality of A. vladimiri. Toxicity was assessed in 4 cases: (i) direct spray application on adults, (ii) pesticide application on the mummified host, (iii) feeding with contaminated food, and (iv) contact with pesticide residue. The pesticide Abamectin, applied alone and with Levanola oil was highly toxic to adults in all bioassays, with the exception of direct spray application on the mummified host. Fenpyroximate was found to be highly toxic only when sprayed directly on adults, and sulfur was slightly harmful. Mineral oils were harmful when ingested with food; otherwise, they did not cause appreciable adult mortality. The findings of the present study suggest that all tested materials, with the exception of Abamectin and Fenpyroximate, are compatible with the survival of A. vladimiri. Direct ingestion of oils can, however, cause a degree of mortality. Given that indiscriminate use of these pesticides may affect the population ecology of A. vladimiri, they should be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashwat Singh
- Department of Entomology, ARO, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Alex Protasov
- Department of Entomology, ARO, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Reut Madar Kramer
- Department of Entomology, ARO, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Gal Yaacobi
- Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Sapir Academic College, Hof Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Roy Kaspi
- Department of Entomology, ARO, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Cui Y, He Y, Li J, Yang Q, Lin Z, Wang C, Liang G, Jiao B. Determination, distribution and potential health risk assessment of insecticides and acaricides in citrus fruits of China. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fernandes FO, de Souza TD, Sanches AC, Dias NP, Desiderio JA, Polanczyk RA. Sub-lethal effects of a Bt-based bioinsecticide on the biological conditioning of Anticarsia gemmatalis. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:2071-2082. [PMID: 34549369 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioinsecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner, 1915 are widely used to control lepidopteran in several crops. However, surviving insects exposed to the sub-lethal concentration of Bt-based bioinsecticides can suffer a multitude of effects on the biological conditioning known as hormesis. Here, we aimed to provide a clearer understanding of the biological conditioning of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner, 1818), exposed to different concentrations of a Bt-based bioinsecticide, by assessing life table parameters over three generations. We defined five sub-lethal concentrations (LC5, LC10, LC15, LC20, and LC25) from the response curve estimate of A. gemmatalis. Deionized water was used as a control. We assessed the parameters of eggs-viability and the duration of the stages, incubation, larval, pre-pupal, pupal, adult, pre-oviposition and total biological cycle. Data were used to construct the fertility life table using the two-sex program. The survival curves showed greater variation in the proportion of individuals at each development stage using the LC25. The sub-lethal concentrations did not influence the incubation-eggs period, pre-pupal and pupal. However, the larval and adult stages using LC25 and LC10 were the most affected. Changes in sex ratio were observed using LC20 and LC5. The toxic effect of Bt-based bioinsecticide interfered mainly in the parameters of fertility, sex ratio, net reproduction rate (R0), and gross reproduction rate (GRR).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamires Doroteo de Souza
- Department of Plant Protection, Paulista State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Ariadne Costas Sanches
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Naymã Pinto Dias
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Janete Apparecida Desiderio
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, Paulista State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antonio Polanczyk
- Department of Plant Protection, Paulista State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, Brazil
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Della Vechia JF, Zanardi OZ, Kapp ABP, Bassanezi RB, de Andrade DJ. Lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides on the survival and reproduction of Brevipalpus yothersi (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2021; 85:191-204. [PMID: 34739615 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-021-00672-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The overuse of insecticides to control vector insects such as Diaphorina citri Kuwayama in citrus groves has altered the population dynamics of pest mites. Among phytophagous mites, population outbreaks of citrus leprosis mite, Brevipalpus yothersi Baker, have been increasingly intense and frequent in Brazilian citrus groves. Despite the great importance of the B. yothersi mite for citrus production, the lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides on this mite have not yet been studied. Therefore, in this study, the effects of insecticides commonly used for D. citri control on B. yothersi mortality, reproduction, and instantaneous growth rate were assessed. For this, two experiments were carried out, one under controlled conditions and another in a greenhouse. The insecticides tested were beta-cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, buprofezin, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, pyriproxyfen, and thiamethoxam at 0 (control), 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and twofold the recommended insecticide concentration for D. citri control. The pyriproxyfen insecticide provided high mortality of B. yothersi even at low concentrations. Furthermore, this insecticide negatively interfered with the reproduction of this mite. Beta-cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, buprofezin, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, and thiamethoxam, in the tested concentrations, showed low impact on citrus leprosis mite. Regarding the reproduction of the mite, no significant increase in fecundity was observed on B. yothersi females exposed to insecticide residues, regardless of the concentration tested. Therefore, the application of these insecticides in the management of pest insects is unlikely to promote an increase in the citrus leprosis mite population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Franciosi Della Vechia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP/FCAV), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N, Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Odimar Zanuzo Zanardi
- Department of Education, Research and Extension, Federal Institute of Santa Catarina (IFSC), São Miguel do Oeste, Santa Catarina, 89900-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Piai Kapp
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP/FCAV), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N, Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Júnior de Andrade
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP/FCAV), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N, Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
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Li Z, Su X, Dong C, Zhou J, An W, Wang C, Jiao B. Determination of five pesticides in kumquat: Dissipation behaviors, residues and their health risk assessment under field conditions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:112958. [PMID: 34773845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to profile the dissipation patterns and residues of five pesticides (triazophos, profenofos, chlorpyrifos, etoxazole and bifenthrin) on kumquat using QuEChERS method coupled with HPLC-MS/MS. The corresponding dietary health risks were also estimated. In the method validation, satisfactory results of good linearity (r2 ≥ 0.9956), sensitivity (limits of quantification ≤0.01 mg/kg), recoveries (71.0-95.7%) with relative standard deviations (0.70-9.4%) were obtained. The half-lives of the five pesticides in kumquat were 13.6-38.5 d under field conditions according to first-order kinetics. Based on the final residue experiment, dietary exposure risks of profenofos, chlorpyrifos, etoxazole and bifenthrin were all acceptably low, with RQc and RQa values of 0.00199-0.122 and 0.00145-0.200, respectively. However, exposure intake of triazophos posed unacceptable acute and chronic health risks for Chinese residents, especially for children with RQa and RQc up to 4.25 and 2.19. Forbidden use suggestion of triazophos and recommended MRLs of profenofos and bifenthrin were put forward in kumquat for safe production and consumption. This work was significant in providing guidance on appropriate application and MRL establishment of pesticides in kumquat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixia Li
- Southwest University, Citrus Research Institute, Chongqing 400712, China; Southwest University, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuesu Su
- Southwest University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Southwest University, Citrus Research Institute, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Southwest University, Citrus Research Institute, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Wenjin An
- Southwest University, Citrus Research Institute, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Chengqiu Wang
- Southwest University, Citrus Research Institute, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Bining Jiao
- Southwest University, Citrus Research Institute, Chongqing 400712, China.
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Pisa L, Goulson D, Yang EC, Gibbons D, Sánchez-Bayo F, Mitchell E, Aebi A, van der Sluijs J, MacQuarrie CJK, Giorio C, Long EY, McField M, Bijleveld van Lexmond M, Bonmatin JM. An update of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) on systemic insecticides. Part 2: impacts on organisms and ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:11749-11797. [PMID: 29124633 PMCID: PMC7921077 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0341-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
New information on the lethal and sublethal effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on organisms is presented in this review, complementing the previous Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) in 2015. The high toxicity of these systemic insecticides to invertebrates has been confirmed and expanded to include more species and compounds. Most of the recent research has focused on bees and the sublethal and ecological impacts these insecticides have on pollinators. Toxic effects on other invertebrate taxa also covered predatory and parasitoid natural enemies and aquatic arthropods. Little new information has been gathered on soil organisms. The impact on marine and coastal ecosystems is still largely uncharted. The chronic lethality of neonicotinoids to insects and crustaceans, and the strengthened evidence that these chemicals also impair the immune system and reproduction, highlights the dangers of this particular insecticidal class (neonicotinoids and fipronil), with the potential to greatly decrease populations of arthropods in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Sublethal effects on fish, reptiles, frogs, birds, and mammals are also reported, showing a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity of these insecticides in vertebrates and their deleterious impacts on growth, reproduction, and neurobehaviour of most of the species tested. This review concludes with a summary of impacts on the ecosystem services and functioning, particularly on pollination, soil biota, and aquatic invertebrate communities, thus reinforcing the previous WIA conclusions (van der Sluijs et al. 2015).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dave Goulson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - En-Cheng Yang
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David Gibbons
- RSPB Centre for Conservation of Science, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, SG19 2DL, UK
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Bayo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 1 Central Avenue, Eveleigh, NSW, 2015, Australia
| | - Edward Mitchell
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Aebi
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Anthropology Institute, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Saint-Nicolas 4, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen van der Sluijs
- Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities, University of Bergen, Postboks 7805, 5020, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Postboks 7805, 5020, Bergen, Norway
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Environmental Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris J K MacQuarrie
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen St. East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | | | - Elizabeth Yim Long
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Melanie McField
- Smithsonian Institution, 701 Seaway Drive Fort Pierce, Florida, 34949, USA
| | | | - Jean-Marc Bonmatin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans, France.
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Khan RR, Arshad M, Aslam A, Arshad M. Additive interactions of some reduced-risk biocides and two entomopathogenic nematodes suggest implications for integrated control of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Sci Rep 2021; 11:1268. [PMID: 33446737 PMCID: PMC7809130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79725-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher volumes of conventional and novel chemical insecticides are applied by farmers to control resistant strains of armyworm (Spodoperta litura) in Pakistan without knowing their risks to the environment and to public health. Ten reduced-risk insecticides were tested for their compatibility with two entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs); Heterorhabditis indica and Steinernema carpocapsae against S. litura. The insecticide emamectin benzoate was highly toxic (LC50 = 2.97 mg/l) against 3rd instar S. litura larvae when applied alone whereas, novaluron and methoxyfenozide were the least toxic (LC50 = 29.56 mg/l and 21.06 mg/l), respectively. All the insecticides proved harmless against the two EPNs even 96 h after treatment. Indoxacarb, flubendiamide and spinetoram produced the greatest mortalities (72–76%) of S. litura larvae after 72 h when applied in mixtures with H. indica. Lowest mortalities (44.00 ± 3.74% and 48.00 ± 2.89) were observed for mixtures of H. indica with methoxyfenozide and chlorfenapyr, respectively. The positive control treatments with both EPNs (S. carpocapsae and H. indica) produced > 50% mortality 96 h after treatment. For insecticide mixtures with S. carpocapsae, only indoxacarb produced 90% mortality of larvae, whereas, indoxacarb, flubendiamide, emamectin benzoate, and spinetoram produced 90–92% mortality of larvae when applied in mixtures with H. indica. Additive interactions (Chi-square < 3.84) of EPN mixtures with reduced volumes of reduced-risk insecticides suggest opportunities to develop more environmentally favorable pest management programs for S. litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashad Rasool Khan
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan. .,Plant Protection Research Center, Directorate General of Agriculture and Livestock Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries Wealth and Water Resources, Muscat, 121, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Asad Aslam
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Entomology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Wang C, Cui Y, Li J, Chen A, Liang G, Jiao B. Occurrence, temporal variation, quality and safety assessment of pesticide residues on citrus fruits in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127381. [PMID: 32569958 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Citrus is highly consumed in China and considered a major source of pesticide carrier in human diet. In this paper, pesticide residues in mandarins, tangerines and oranges from China were evaluated, as well as the quality and long-term dietary risks for the Chinese consumers. Temporal variations for eight MRL non-compliant pesticides were also investigated. 106 pesticides were analyzed using QuEChERS procedure and UPLC-MS/MS, GC-MS and GC methods. Forty different pesticides were detected in 86% of the 2922 samples from 2013 to 2018. Chlorpyrifos was the most frequently detected pesticide with a detection rate of 40%. Residues of eight pesticides in 3.8% of the total samples exceeded their MRLs. The most severely excessive pesticide was bifenthrin with 283% MRL. The occurrences and exceeding rates of eight pesticides presented clear temporal variations during the six harvesting years. Isocarbophos, carbofuran and triazophos were the main risk factors threatening the citrus safety pre-2015, whereas profenofos and bifenthrin gradually became dominant after 2016, coinciding with government control measures. The index of quality for residues (IqR) levels of 88% of the samples were below 1.0, which indicated a satisfactory quality of citrus fruits in China, although 70% of the samples contained two or more residues. The cumulative chronic dietary risks were acceptable for both the Chinese general population and children and would not pose health risks. However, more strictly enforced control measures for methidathion and isocarbophos, and reduced usage of triazophos, quinalphos, profenofos and bifenthrin should be pursued to further improve the safety of citrus fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixia Li
- Southwest University Citrus Research Institute, Chongqing, 400712, China; Southwest University College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Yaohai Zhang
- Southwest University Citrus Research Institute, Chongqing, 400712, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, 400712, China.
| | - Qiyang Zhao
- Southwest University Citrus Research Institute, Chongqing, 400712, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, 400712, China.
| | - Chengqiu Wang
- Southwest University Citrus Research Institute, Chongqing, 400712, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, 400712, China.
| | - Yongliang Cui
- Southwest University Citrus Research Institute, Chongqing, 400712, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, 400712, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Southwest University Citrus Research Institute, Chongqing, 400712, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, 400712, China.
| | - Aihua Chen
- Southwest University Citrus Research Institute, Chongqing, 400712, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, 400712, China.
| | - Guolu Liang
- Southwest University College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Bining Jiao
- Southwest University Citrus Research Institute, Chongqing, 400712, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, 400712, China.
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Ganjisaffar F, Andreason SA, Perring TM. Lethal and Sub-Lethal Effects of Insecticides on the Pink Hibiscus Mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). INSECTS 2019; 10:E31. [PMID: 30654463 PMCID: PMC6359081 DOI: 10.3390/insects10010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a pest of many plants, and a new problem on dates in California. The effects of seven insecticides and water on different life stages of this mealybug were studied to identify the best material for control. Water did not have any significant effect on mealybugs, but the insecticide treatments significantly affected all life stages tested. The egg hatch rate ranged from 28.5% to 17.2% for spirotetramat, bifenthrin, flupyradifurone, fenpropathrin, and buprofezin treatments, and was lower for sulfoxaflor (2.8%) and acetamiprid (0.1%). Despite high survival of neonate crawlers in the non-treated control and water treatments, 53.1% and 34.6% survived in the spirotetramat and buprofezin treatments, respectively; survival was zero in the other treatments. Spirotetramat and buprofezin caused very low mortality of nymphs in the first day post-treatment, but mortality significantly increased over time and reached 42.8% and 50.6% by day 6, respectively. The other treatments were highly toxic to the nymphs (79.4⁻99.4% on day 6). Insecticides also had a significant effect on the feeding ability of nymphs. By day 6 after treatment, 73.9% to 100% of nymphs treated with different insecticides stopped feeding although they were still alive. Insecticides showed no effect on the mortality of adult females, but the percentages of ovipositing females were significantly reduced (51.1% to 10.6%) in all insecticide treatments, except buprofezin, which was not statistically different from water and the non-treated control. In the process of our studies, we identified abnormalities in the appearance of eggs from females treated with various insecticides, and these aberrant eggs are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ganjisaffar
- Department of Entomology, University of California, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Sharon A Andreason
- Department of Entomology, University of California, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Thomas M Perring
- Department of Entomology, University of California, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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He Z, Liu Y, Wang L, Guo Q, Ali S, Chen XS, Qiu BL. Risk Assessment of Two Insecticides on Encarsia formosa, Parasitoid of Whitefly Bemisia tabaci. INSECTS 2018; 9:insects9030116. [PMID: 30208565 PMCID: PMC6164281 DOI: 10.3390/insects9030116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of acute toxicity to insect natural enemies is very important for insecticide selection used within integrated pest management (IPM). The acute toxicity of abamectin and imidacloprid against Encarsia formosa, a parasitoid of Bemisia tabaci, was investigated. Abamectin had a high toxicity risk to E. formosa, while imidacloprid showed a medium toxicity risk. When treated with the lethal concentration 30 (LC30) of abamectin, the dwelling time of E. formosa in B. tabaci infested-plant-area (IPA) was significantly lower than in non-infested plant areas (non-IPA). In addition, the frequency of E. formosa entering into the two areas was not significantly different in the LC10 and LC30 treatments. Within the IPA, LC10, and LC30 treatments decreased the dwelling time and entering frequency of parasitoid significantly. For imidacloprid treatments, E. formosa stayed a longer time in the non-IPA than in the IPA when treated with LC30. The frequency of E. formosa entering into the two areas was only slightly different in the LC1, LC10, and LC30 treatments. Within the IPA, LC10 and LC30 treatments were significantly decreased in the dwelling time and the entering frequency of E. formosa. The results indicate that abamectin and imidacloprid have high or medium acute toxicity against E. formosa and a negative sublethal effect on its searching behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Rd., Tianhe, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Rd., Tianhe, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Pest Biocontrol, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Rd., Tianhe, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Qiu Guo
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Pest Biocontrol, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Rd., Tianhe, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Rd., Tianhe, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xiao-Sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Rd., Tianhe, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Rd., Tianhe, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Bao-Li Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Rd., Tianhe, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Pest Biocontrol, South China Agricultural University, No. 483, Wushan Rd., Tianhe, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Lu XM, Lu PZ. Response of microbial communities to pesticide residues in soil restored with Azolla imbricata. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:475-484. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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