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Takemura Mariano MV, Paganotto Leandro L, Gomes KK, Dos Santos AB, de Rosso VO, Dafre AL, Farina M, Posser T, Franco JL. Assessing the disparity: comparative toxicity of Copper in zebrafish larvae exposes alarming consequences of permissible concentrations in Brazil. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2024; 87:166-184. [PMID: 38073470 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2290630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a naturally occurring metal with essential micronutrient properties. However, this metal might also pose increased adverse environmental and health risks due to industrial and agricultural activities. In Brazil, the maximum allowable concentration of Cu in drinking water is 2 mg/L. Despite this standard, the impact of such concentrations on aquatic organisms remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of CuSO4 using larval zebrafish at environmentally relevant concentrations. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae at 72 hr post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to nominal CuSO4 concentrations ranging from 0.16 to 48 mg/L to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50), established at 8.4 mg/L. Subsequently, non-lethal concentrations of 0.16, 0.32, or 1.6 mg/L were selected for assessing CuSO4 -induced toxicity. Morphological parameters, including body length, yolk sac area, and swim bladder area, were adversely affected by CuSO4 exposure, particularly at 1.6 mg/L (3.31 mm ±0.1, 0.192 mm2 ±0.01, and 0.01 mm2 ±0.05, respectively). In contrast, the control group exhibited values of 3.62 mm ±0.09, 0.136 mm2 ±0.013, and 0.3 mm2 ±0.06, respectively. Behavioral assays demonstrated impairments in escape response and swimming capacity, accompanied by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. In addition, decreased levels of non-protein thiols and reduced cellular viability were noted. Data demonstrated that exposure to CuSO4 at similar concentrations as those permitted in Brazil for Cu adversely altered morphological, biochemical, and behavioral endpoints in zebrafish larvae. This study suggests that the permissible Cu concentrations in Brazil need to be reevaluated, given the potential enhanced adverse health risks of exposure to environmental metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vitória Takemura Mariano
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Luana Paganotto Leandro
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Karen Kich Gomes
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Dos Santos
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Vitor Oliveira de Rosso
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Alcir Luiz Dafre
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Thaís Posser
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Luis Franco
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group. Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research - CIPBIOTEC, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
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Lukanov S, Kolev A, Dimitrova B, Popgeorgiev G. Rice Fields as Important Habitats for Three Anuran Species-Significance and Implications for Conservation. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:106. [PMID: 38200836 PMCID: PMC10778459 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Agriculture can have different effects on wildlife depending on land-use type and extensive/intensive practices. The aim of this study was to establish the significance of rice fields in Central Bulgaria as anuran habitats. We used Audiomoth acoustic loggers to record calling activity at three sites near the city of Plovdiv-one shallow pond and two rice fields-from June to September in 2022 and 2023. We registered the three most widespread species in the region-Bufotes viridis, Hyla orientalis and Pelophylax ridibundus-and created pattern-matching models for them using the free web interface Arbimon, which enabled us to perform presence/absence counts and abundance estimates. At the beginning and the end of the rice vegetation period, water samples were collected and analysed for 62 substances. Substance concentrations were compared between ponds and with LC50 data from the available literature. We registered 19 and 21 substances in 2022 and 2023, respectively, with concentrations within the accepted limits, and although some metals were near risk levels, this was not reflected in the presence counts or the abundance estimates. The results indicated that frog activity was not related to any of the registered substances, but that it was positively correlated with daily rainfall and was higher in the rice fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Lukanov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria;
| | - Andrey Kolev
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria;
| | - Blagovesta Dimitrova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria;
| | - Georgi Popgeorgiev
- National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria;
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Zhang Y, Tan Z, Qin K, Liu C. Effect of Cd/Cu on the toxicity and stereoselective environmental behavior of dinotefuran in earthworms Eisenia foetida. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 259:115022. [PMID: 37207576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides and heavy metals commonly coexist in soil. In this study, the influence of Cd and Cu on the toxicity of rac-dinotefuran and the enantioselective behavior of dinotefuran enantiomers in soil-earthworm microcosms were investigated. The acute toxic tests showed that S-dinotefuran has higher toxic than that of R-dinotefuran. The rac-dinotefuran and Cd has an antagonistic effect on earthworms, and the Cu and rac-dinotefuran has a synergistic effect. Earthworms maybe promoted the enantioselective behavior of dinotefuran in soil. Co-exposure to Cd or Cu inhibited the dissipation of dinotefuran enantiomers (S-dinotefuran and R-enantiomers), and slightly reduced the enantioselectivity in soil. The earthworms were found to be preferentially enriched with S-dinotefuran. However, Cd or Cu attenuated the accumulation of dinotefuran enantiomers in earthworms and decreased the enantioselectivity. The effect of Cd and Cu on the environmental behaviors of dinotefuran enantiomers were correlated positively with the dose of Cd/Cu. These results showed that Cd and Cu alter the environmental behaviors and the toxicity of dinotefuran enantiomers in soil-earthworm microcosms. Thus, the influence of coexistent heavy metals on the ecological risk assessment of chiral pesticides should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road 483, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenchao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road 483, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kaikai Qin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road 483, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chenglan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road 483, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Pontes JRS, Lopes I, Ribeiro R, Araújo CVM. Humane acute testing with tadpoles for risk assessment of chemicals: Avoidance instead of lethality. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135197. [PMID: 35691390 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the sensitivity of amphibians to contamination, data from fish have been commonly used to predict the effects of chemicals on aquatic life stages. However, recent studies have highlighted that toxicity data derived from fish species may not protect all the aquatic life stages of amphibians. For pesticide toxicity assessment (PTA), EFSA has highlighted that more information on lethal toxicity for the aquatic life stages of amphibians is still needed to reduce uncertainties. The current review aims to propose a test with amphibians based on spatial avoidance, as a more humane alternative method to the lethality tests for chemicals. A review of lethal toxicity tests carried out with amphibians in the period between 2018 and 2021 is presented, then we discuss the suitability of using fish toxicity data as a surrogate to predict the effects on more sensitive amphibian groups. The possible differences in sensitivity to chemicals may justify the need to develop further tests with amphibian embryos and larvae in order to reduce uncertainties. A new test is proposed focused on the avoidance behaviour of organisms fleeing from contamination to replace lethal tests. As avoidance indicates the threshold at which organisms will flee from contamination, a reduction in the population density, or its disappearance, at the local scale due to emigration is expected, with ecological consequences analogous to mortality. Avoidance tests provide an ethical advantage over lethal tests as they respect the concepts of the 3 Rs (mainly Refinement), reducing the suffering of the organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Rodolfo S Pontes
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Lopes
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui Ribeiro
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristiano V M Araújo
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN-CSIC), 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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Balzani P, Haubrock PJ, Russo F, Kouba A, Haase P, Veselý L, Masoni A, Tricarico E. Combining metal and stable isotope analyses to disentangle contaminant transfer in a freshwater community dominated by alien species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115781. [PMID: 33049575 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are negatively impacted by various pollutants, from agricultural, urban and industrial wastewater, with metals being one of the largest concerns. Moreover, freshwater ecosystems are often affected by alien species introductions that can modify habitats and trophic relationships. Accordingly, the threat posed by metals interacts with those by alien species, since the latter can accumulate and transfer these substances across the food web to higher trophic levels. How metals transfer within such communities is little studied. We analysed the concentration of 14 metals/metalloids (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn, hereafter 'metal(s)') of eight fish and three crustacean species co-existing in the Arno River (Central Italy), most of which were alien. To assess the pathway of contaminants within the community, we coupled metal analysis with carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis derived from the same specimens. Crustaceans showed higher metal concentration than fish, except for Cd, Hg and Se that were higher in fish. We found evidence of trophic transfer for six metals (Cd, Cr, Hg, Mg, Se, Zn). Additionally, ontogenetic differences and differences among various fish tissues (muscle, liver, and gills) were found in metals concentration. Considerable biomagnification along the trophic chain was found for Hg, while other metals were found to biodilute. Using stable isotopes and Hg as a third diet tracer, we refined the estimations of consumed preys in the diet previously reconstructed with stable isotope mixing models. Alien species reach high biomass and can both survive to and accumulate high pollutants concentrations, potentially posing a risk for their predators and humans. A combined effect of environmental filtering and increased competition may potentially contribute to the disappearance of native species with lower tolerances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paride Balzani
- University of Florence, Department of Biology, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Phillip J Haubrock
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Clamecystrasse 12, 63571, Gelnhausen, Germany; University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Francesco Russo
- University of Florence, Department of Biology, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Antonín Kouba
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Haase
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Clamecystrasse 12, 63571, Gelnhausen, Germany; University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Biology, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Lukáš Veselý
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Alberto Masoni
- University of Florence, Department of Biology, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elena Tricarico
- University of Florence, Department of Biology, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Rackliffe DR, Hoverman JT. Population-level variation in neonicotinoid tolerance in nymphs of the Heptageniidae. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114803. [PMID: 32454363 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities can have significant ecological and evolutionary consequences on populations and communities. In the United States, neonicotinoid insecticides are widespread across the agricultural Midwest and frequently detected in stream systems. Their effect on Heptageniidae mayflies is a major concern because they are highly sensitive to neonicotinoids and have some of the lowest reported tolerance values of any organism. Our objective was to evaluate population-level variation in neonicotinoid sensitivity. We did so by conducting 96 h half maximal effective concentration (EC5096-h) tests for the neonicotinoids clothianidin and thiamethoxam on populations of Stenacron, Stenonema, and Maccaffertium mayflies and testing for associations with agricultural landcover. Additionally, we collected water samples to assess temporal patterns of neonicotinoid presence in stream habitats. We found variation in neonicotinoid tolerance with EC50 values ranging from 4.9 μg/L to 32 μg/L and 19.8 μg/L to 86.5 μg/L for clothianidin and thiamethoxam, respectively. Agricultural landcover was associated with neonicotinoid tolerance for Stenacron and thiamethoxam but not for other comparisons. Moreover, water samples demonstrated that the amount of agricultural landcover was not a strong predictor of neonicotinoids presence in streams. Our data suggest that populations of Heptageniidae mayflies can vary substantially in neonicotinoid tolerance. Population-level variation should be considered in toxicity assessments and presents the potential for evolved tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Riley Rackliffe
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Jason T Hoverman
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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