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Hu H, Ma P, Li H, You J. Determining buffering capacity of polydimethylsiloxane-based passive dosing for hydrophobic organic compounds in large-volume bioassays. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169710. [PMID: 38184249 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is the most widely used material for passive dosing. However, the ability of PDMS to maintain constant water concentrations of chemicals in large-volume bioassays was insufficiently investigated. In this study, we proposed a kinetic-based method to determine the buffering capacity of PDMS for maintaining constant water concentrations of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in large-volume bioassays. A good correlation between log Kow and PDMS-water partitioning coefficients (log KPW) was observed for HOCs with log Kow values ranging from 3.30 to 7.42. For low-molecular-weight HOCs, volatile loss was identified as the primary cause of unstable water concentrations in passive dosing systems. Slow desorption from PDMS resulted in a reduction of water concentrations for high-molecular-weight HOCs. The volume ratio of PDMS to water (RV) was the key factor controlling buffering capacity. As such, buffering capacity was defined as the minimum RV required to maintain 90% of the initial water concentration and was determined to be 0.0076-0.032 for six representative HOCs. Finally, passive dosing with an RV of 0.014 was validated to effectively maintain water concentrations of phenanthrene in 2-L and 96-h toxicity tests with adult mosquitofish. By determining buffering capacity of PDMS, this study recommended specific RV values for cost-efficient implementation of passive dosing approaches in aquatic toxicology, particularly in large-volume bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Department of Eco-engineering, Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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Boonupara T, Udomkun P, Khan E, Kajitvichyanukul P. Airborne Pesticides from Agricultural Practices: A Critical Review of Pathways, Influencing Factors, and Human Health Implications. TOXICS 2023; 11:858. [PMID: 37888709 PMCID: PMC10611335 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This critical review examines the release of pesticides from agricultural practices into the air, with a focus on volatilization, and the factors influencing their dispersion. The review delves into the effects of airborne pesticides on human health and their contribution to anthropogenic air pollution. It highlights the necessity of interdisciplinary research encompassing science, technology, public policy, and agricultural practices to effectively mitigate the risks associated with pesticide volatilization and spray dispersion. The text acknowledges the need for more research to understand the fate and transport of airborne pesticides, develop innovative application technologies, improve predictive modeling and risk assessment, and adopt sustainable pest management strategies. Robust policies and regulations, supported by education, training, research, and development, are crucial to ensuring the safe and sustainable use of pesticides for human health and the environment. By providing valuable insights, this review aids researchers and practitioners in devising effective and sustainable solutions for safeguarding human health and the environment from the hazards of airborne pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirasant Boonupara
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand (P.U.)
| | - Patchimaporn Udomkun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand (P.U.)
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Department, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4015, USA
| | - Puangrat Kajitvichyanukul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand (P.U.)
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Wieringa N, van der Lee GH, de Baat ML, Kraak MHS, Verdonschot PFM. Contribution of sediment contamination to multi-stress in lowland waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:157045. [PMID: 35779724 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water bodies in densely populated lowland areas are often impacted by multiple stressors. At these multi-stressed sites, it remains challenging to quantify the contribution of contaminated sediments. This study, therefore, aimed to elucidate the contribution of sediment contamination in 16 multi-stressed drainage ditches throughout the Netherlands. To this end an adjusted TRIAD framework was applied, where 1) contaminants and other variables in the sediment and the overlying water were measured, 2) whole-sediment laboratory bioassays were performed using larvae of the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius, and 3) the in situ benthic macroinvertebrate community composition was determined. It was hypothesized that the benthic macroinvertebrate community composition would respond to all jointly present stressors in both water and sediment, whereas the whole-sediment bioassays would only respond to the stressors present in the sediment. The benthic macroinvertebrate community composition was indeed related to multiple stressors in both water and sediment. Taxa richness was positively correlated with the presence of PO4-P in the water, macrophyte cover and some pesticides. Evenness, the number of Trichoptera families and the SPEARpesticides were positively correlated to the C:P ratios in the sediment, whilst negative correlations were observed with various contaminants in both the water and sediment. The whole-sediment bioassays with C. riparius positively related to the nutrient content of the sediment, whereas no negative relations to the sediment-associated contaminants were observed, even though the lowered SPEARpesticides index indicated contaminant effects in the field. Therefore, it was concluded that sediment contamination was identified as one of the various stressors that potentially drove the benthic macroinvertebrate community composition in the multi-stressed drainage ditches, but that nutrients may have masked the adverse effects caused by low and diverse sediment contaminants on C. riparius in the bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wieringa
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - G H van der Lee
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M L de Baat
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - M H S Kraak
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P F M Verdonschot
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Fischer FC, Hiki K, Endo S. Free Versus Bound Concentration: Passive Dosing from Polymer Meshes Elucidates Drivers of Toxicity in Aquatic Tests with Benthic Invertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022. [PMID: 36039972 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic toxicity tests with benthic organisms are used to predict the toxicity of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) in sediments, assuming that the freely dissolved concentration (Cfree ) is a good surrogate of bioavailability in the exposure system. However, Cfree of HOCs is difficult to control in water-only setups. Moreover, the role of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the occurrence of toxicity needs clarification because DOC concentrations in sediment porewater can be substantially higher than in typical test water. We introduced biocompatible polyethylene meshes with high sorptive capacities and fast release kinetics as a novel passive dosing phase, which maintained Cfree and Cwater (i.e., free + DOC-bound) in Hyalella azteca water-only tests. Adding the supernatant fraction of peat to test water as a DOC source increased Cwater to an extent comparable to sediment porewater and significantly increased and decreased the observed toxicity of permethrin and benzo[a]pyrene, respectively, to H. azteca. This result indicates that DOC can both benefit and harm test species likely due to the increased health after ingestion of DOC and to the uptake of DOC-bound HOCs, respectively. Passive dosing in combination with the addition of sediment DOC surrogates may better reflect exposure and habitat conditions in sediment porewater than conventional aquatic tests. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;00:1-10. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian C Fischer
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kyoshiro Hiki
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Exposure Routes and Health Risks Associated with Pesticide Application. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10060335. [PMID: 35736943 PMCID: PMC9231402 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides play an important role in agricultural development. However, pesticide application can result in both acute and chronic human toxicities, and the adverse effects of pesticides on the environment and human health remain a serious problem. There is therefore a need to discuss the application methods for pesticides, the routes of pesticide exposure, and the health risks posed by pesticide application. The health problems related to pesticide application and exposure in developing countries are of particular concern. The purpose of this paper is to provide scientific information for policymakers in order to allow the development of proper pesticide application technics and methods to minimize pesticide exposure and the adverse health effects on both applicators and communities. Studies indicate that there are four main pesticide application methods, including hydraulic spraying, backpack spraying, basal trunk spraying, and aerial spraying. Pesticide application methods are mainly selected by considering the habits of target pests, the characteristics of target sites, and the properties of pesticides. Humans are directly exposed to pesticides in occupational, agricultural, and household activities and are indirectly exposed to pesticides via environmental media, including air, water, soil, and food. Human exposure to pesticides occurs mainly through dermal, oral, and respiratory routes. People who are directly and/or indirectly exposed to pesticides may contract acute toxicity effects and chronic diseases. Although no segment of the general population is completely protected against exposure to pesticides and their potentially serious health effects, a disproportionate burden is shouldered by people in developing countries. Both deterministic and probabilistic human health risk assessments have their advantages and disadvantages and both types of methods should be comprehensively implemented in research on exposure and human health risk assessment. Equipment for appropriate pesticide application is important for application efficiency to minimize the loss of spray solution as well as reduce pesticide residuals in the environment and adverse human health effects due to over-spraying and residues. Policymakers should implement various useful measures, such as integrated pest management (IPM) laws that prohibit the use of pesticides with high risks and the development of a national implementation plan (NIP) to reduce the adverse effects of pesticides on the environment and on human health.
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Hiki K, Iwasaki Y, Watanabe H, Yamamoto H. Comparison of Species Sensitivity Distributions for Sediment-Associated Nonionic Organic Chemicals Through Equilibrium Partitioning Theory and Spiked-Sediment Toxicity Tests with Invertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:462-473. [PMID: 34913527 PMCID: PMC9303217 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Equilibrium partitioning (EqP) theory and spiked-sediment toxicity tests are useful methods to develop sediment quality benchmarks. However, neither approach has been directly compared based on species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) to date. In the present study, we compared SSDs for 10 nonionic hydrophobic chemicals (e.g., pyrethroid insecticides, other insecticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) based on 10-14-day spiked-sediment toxicity test data with those based on EqP theory using acute water-only tests. Because the exposure periods were different between the two tests, effective concentrations (i.e., median effective/lethal concentration) were corrected to compare SSDs. Accordingly, we found that hazardous concentrations for 50% and 5% of species (HC50 and HC5, respectively) differed by up to a factor of 100 and 129 between the two approaches, respectively. However, when five or more species were used for SSD estimation, their differences were reduced to a factor of 1.7 and 5.1 for HC50 and HC5, respectively, and the 95% confidence intervals of HC50 values overlapped considerably between the two approaches. These results suggest that when the number of test species is adequate, SSDs based on EqP theory and spiked-sediment tests are comparable in sediment risk assessments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:462-473. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoshiro Hiki
- Health and Environmental Risk Research DivisionNational Institute for Environmental StudiesTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Yuichi Iwasaki
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and SustainabilityNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and TechnologyTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Haruna Watanabe
- Health and Environmental Risk Research DivisionNational Institute for Environmental StudiesTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Health and Environmental Risk Research DivisionNational Institute for Environmental StudiesTsukubaIbarakiJapan
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