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Debroy A, Nirmala MJ, Pulimi M, Peijnenburg WJGM, Mukherjee A. Assessing the role of the graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs: Graphene, GO, rGO) in modifying the toxicity potential and environmental risk of flame retardant, tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) in the marine microalgae Chlorella sp. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142491. [PMID: 38821130 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, a growing concern has emerged regarding the environmental implications of flame retardants (FRs) like tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) and graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs), such as graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), on marine biota. Despite these substances' well-established individual toxicity profiles, there is a notable gap in understanding the physicochemical interactions within the binary mixtures and consequent changes in the toxicity potential. Therefore, our research focuses on elucidating the individual and combined toxicological impacts of TBBPA and GFNs on the marine alga Chlorella sp. Employing a suite of experimental methodologies, including Raman spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, electron microscopy, and chromatography, we examined the physicochemical interplay between the GFNs and TBBPA. The toxicity potentials of individual constituents and their binary combinations were assessed through growth inhibition assays, quantifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and malondialdehyde (MDA) production, photosynthetic activity analyses, and various biochemical assays. The toxicity of TBBPA and graphene-based nanomaterials (GFNs) was examined individually and in combinations. Both pristine TBBPA and GFNs showed dose-dependent toxicity. While lower TBBPA concentrations exacerbated toxicity in binary mixtures, higher TBBPA levels reduced the toxic effects compared to pristine TBBPA treatments. The principal mechanism underlying toxicity was ROS generation, resulting in membrane damage and perturbation of photosynthetic parameters. Cluster heatmap and Pearson correlation were employed to assess correlations between the biological parameters. Finally, ecological risk assessment was undertaken to evaluate environmental impacts of the individual components and the mixture in the algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhrajit Debroy
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Joyce Nirmala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Mrudula Pulimi
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, 2300, RA, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Centre for the Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, 3720, BA, the Netherlands
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Yuan X, Yu S, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhang S, Xue N, Hu X. Optimizing soil tetrabromobisphenol A remediation through iron-based activation of persulfate: A comparative analysis of homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120302. [PMID: 38401492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) that widely exists in soil and poses a potential threat to ecological environment urgently needs economically efficient remediation techniques. This study utilized both homogeneous Fe2⁺ solution and heterogeneous iron-based nanomaterials (chemically synthesized nano zero-valence iron (nZVI) and green-synthesized iron nanoparticles (G-Fe NPs)) to activate persulfate (PS) and assess their efficacy in degrading TBBPA in soil. The results demonstrate the superior performance of heterogeneous catalytic systems (WG-Fe NPs/PS (82.07%) and WnZVI/PS (78.32%)) over homogeneous catalytic system (WFe2+/PS (71.69%)), In addition, G-Fe NPs and nZVI effectively controlled the slow release of Fe2+. The optimization analysis using response surface methodology (RSM) reveal the remarkable significance of the experimental model based on the box-behnken design. RSM show that G-Fe NPs/PS exhibited optimal process parameters and predicted the maximum soil TBBPA degradation efficiency reaching 98.77%. The results of density functional theory calculations suggest that C-Br are the primary targets for electrophilic substitution reactions. Based on the f0 value and △G, the degradation pathway of TBBPA is inferred to involve a sequential debromination process, followed by the cleavage of intermediate carbon-carbon bonds and subsequent oxidation reactions. Hence, G-Fe NPs/PS not only facilitate waste resource utilization but also hold significant application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Yuan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China
| | - Shuntao Yu
- Technical Center for Soil, Agricultural and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, PR China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China
| | - Xinfei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Nandong Xue
- Technical Center for Soil, Agricultural and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, PR China.
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China.
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Zhu X, Li L, Lu Z, Zhu J, Lu L, Wang Z, Xiang M, Lu G, Dang Z, Yu Y. Insight into the interaction of tetrabromobisphenol A with sediment-derived dissolved organic carbon in a multiphase system by direct immersion solid phase microextraction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169037. [PMID: 38056667 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a ubiquitously used commercial brominated flame retardant (BFR), has been widely detected in aquatic environments, and has aroused much attention due to its potential adverse effects on aquatic organisms. However, current research on the environmental fate and transport of TBBPA in the sediment-dissolved organic carbon (DOC)-water polyphase system is lacking. In this study, the sorption behavior of TBBPA in a water-DOC-sediment system was investigated using the direct-immersion solid-phase microextraction (DI-SPME) method, and the free dissolved concentration (Cw-SPME) and DOC adsorption concentration (CDOC) of TBBPA in water were measured by applying this DI-SPME approach. In addition, the effects of pH, ionic strength, and soluble organic concentration on the adsorption of TBBPA in the multiphase system were evaluated. The adsorption kinetics experimental results show that the adsorption behavior of TBBPA on sediments conforms to a linear model, suggesting that it could be mainly absorbed by sediments. The solid-water partition coefficient (Kd) of TBBPA was artificially reduced 1.54 times using the traditional liquid-liquid extraction method because the sorption behavior of the DOC was ignored, which could be accurately corrected using the DI-SPME method. The logKd and logKOC of TBBPA in the multiphase system were 4.12 ± 0.25 and 6.48 ± 0.25, respectively. Finally, the interference experiment revealed that the sorption behavior of TBBPA was affected by the pH, ionic strength (calcium ion), and humic acid concentration, apart from the lead ion concentration itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Liangzhong Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Junyan Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Lun Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Zhengdong Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Mingdeng Xiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Guining Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China.
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Wang Z, Yu L, Wang DG. Dissolved Organic Matter and Lignin Modulate Aquatic Toxicity and Oxidative Stress Response Activated by Layered Double Hydroxides Nanomaterials. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 84:413-425. [PMID: 36790502 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-00985-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Advanced nanomaterials can be released into the environment and can coexist with natural organic matter (NOM). However, evidence on the impacts of NOM on the environmental behavior and toxicity of advanced nanomaterials is still scarce. Here, we investigated the behavior and toxic effects of two layered double hydroxides (LDHs) nanomaterials with different metallic constituents (Mg-Al-LDH and Zn-Al-LDH) at relatively low exposure concentrations on a freshwater green alga (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) in the absence and presence of two types of NOM, namely dissolved organic matter (DOM) and dealkaline lignin (DL). The DOM or DL interaction with the LDHs at different mixture levels was shown to be an antagonistic effect on the growth inhibition toxicity to C. pyrenoidosa mainly. The estimation of the index of Integrated Biological Responses version 2 indicated that the joint interaction of the LDHs with DOM or DL occurred in the following order of frequency synergism > antagonism > additivity. Furthermore, the physicochemical characteristics of LDHs were crucial for illuminating the mechanism by which the DOM or DL modified the LDH-induced oxidative stress response. These findings highlighted the important role of NOM in the behavior and effect of LDHs as a representative of a new class of multifunctional nanomaterials in the freshwater environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Le Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Gao Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, People's Republic of China
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Liu D, Qv M, Dai D, Wang X, Zhu L. Toxic responses of freshwater microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana due to exposure of flame retardants. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136808. [PMID: 36223822 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flame retardants, such as Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) and tributyl phosphate (TBP), are frequently detected in surface water. However, the effects of FRs exposure on aquatic organisms especially freshwater microalgae are still unclear. In this study, the toxicities of TBBPA, TDCPP and TBP to microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana, in terms of growth inhibition, photosynthetic activity inhibition and oxidative damage, were investigated, and according ecological risks were assessed. The results showed that TBBPA, TDCPP and TBP had inhibitory effects on C. sorokiniana, with 96 h EC50 (concentration for 50% of maximal effect) values of 7.606, 41.794 and 49.996 mg/L, respectively. Fv/Fm decreased as the increase of exposure time under 15 mg/L TBBPA. Under 50 mg/L TDCPP and 80 mg/L TBP exposure, Fv/Fm decreased significantly after 24 h. However, Fv/Fm rose after 96 h, indicating that the damaged photosynthetic activity was reversible. The content of chlorophyll a decreased, as the increase of TBBPA concentration from 3 to 15 mg/L. However, chlorophyll a increased first and then decreased, as the increase of TDCPP and TBP concentrations from 0 to 50 mg/L and 0-80 mg/L, respectively. Results indicated that C. sorokiniana could use the phosphorus of TDCPP and TBP to ensure the production of chlorophyll a. The risen content of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde as well as superoxide dismutase activity indicated that exposure to FRs induced oxidative stress. Additionally, the risk quotients showed that tested FRs had ecological risks in natural waters or wastewaters. This study provides insights into the toxicological mechanisms of different FRs toward freshwater microalgae for better understanding of according environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Liu
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Mingxiang Qv
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Dian Dai
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China.
| | - Liandong Zhu
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
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