1
|
Liu B, Zhang L, Cai Y, Zhang M, Huang W, Yan X, Chen H. Correlation analysis of occupational stress and metabolic syndrome among employees of a power grid enterprise in China. Work 2024:WOR240234. [PMID: 39093109 DOI: 10.3233/wor-240234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being in a state of high occupational stress may disrupt the metabolic balance of the body, thus increasing the risk of metabolic diseases. However, the evidence about the relationship between occupational stress and metabolic syndrome was limited. OBJECTIVES To explore the association between occupational stress and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in employees of a power grid enterprise. METHODS A total of 1091 employees were recruited from a power grid enterprise in China. Excluding those who failed to complete the questionnaire and those who had incomplete health check-ups, 945 subjects were included in the study. Assessment of occupational stress was used by job demand-control (JDC) and effort-reward imbalance (ERI) questionnaires, respectively. The information on body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were collected. The levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in the fasting venous blood samples were measured. Logistic regression analysis and multiple linear regression methods were used to analyze the correlation between JDC and ERI models of occupational stress, metabolic syndrome, and its components, respectively. RESULTS The prevalence of MetS was 8.4% and 9.9% in JDC and ERI model high occupational stress employees, respectively. ERI model occupational stress and smoking are significantly associated with the risk of MetS. ERI ratio was significantly associated with lower HDL-C levels. Gender, age, marital status, smoking, high-temperature and high-altitude work were significantly associated with metabolic component levels. CONCLUSION Our study revealed a high detection rate of occupational stress in both JDC and ERI models among employees of a power grid enterprise. ERI model occupational stress, demanding more attention, was associated with the risk of MetS as well as its components such as HDL-C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yashi Cai
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weixu Huang
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuehua Yan
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huifeng Chen
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Adeke AS, Chori BS, Neupane D, Sharman JE, Odili AN. Socio-demographic and lifestyle factors associated with hypertension in Nigeria: results from a country-wide survey. J Hum Hypertens 2024; 38:365-370. [PMID: 35332218 PMCID: PMC11001570 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-022-00673-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
With the rising prevalence of hypertension, especially in Africa, understanding the dynamics of socio-demographic and lifestyle factors is key in managing hypertension. To address existing gaps in evidence of these factors, this study was carried out. A cross-sectional survey using a modified WHO STEPS questionnaire was conducted among 3782 adult Nigerians selected from an urban and a rural community in one state in each of the six Nigerian regions. Among participants, 56.3% were women, 65.8% were married, 52.5% resided in rural areas, and 33.9% had tertiary education. Mean ages (SD) were 53.1 ± 13.6 years and 39.2 ± 15.0 years among hypertensive persons and their normotensive counterparts respectively. On lifestyle, 30.7% had low physical activity, 4.1% consumed tobacco currently, and 35.4% consumed alcohol currently. In comparison to unmarried status, being married (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.41-2.50) or widowed (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.05-2.36) was significantly associated with hypertension, compared with never married. Compared with no formal education, primary (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.12-1.85), secondary (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.04-1.81), and tertiary education (OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.57-2.60) were associated with hypertension. Low physical activity (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.05-1.42), alcohol consumption, (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02-1.37), and unemployment status (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.07-1.88) were also associated with hypertension. Our study indicates an association of socio-demographic and lifestyle factors with hypertension, hence, there is a need for counselling, health education and policy formulation and implementation targeting these factors to prevent and control hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azuka S Adeke
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Abuja, Nigeria.
- Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
| | - Babangida S Chori
- Circulatory Health Research Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Dinesh Neupane
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - James E Sharman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Augustine N Odili
- Circulatory Health Research Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Grudziąż-Sękowska J, Sękowski K, Pinkas J, Jankowski M. Public Expectations and Needs Related to Type 2 Diabetes Prevention: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Poland. Int J Public Health 2024; 69:1606790. [PMID: 38322305 PMCID: PMC10844515 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1606790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to understand the public's expectations regarding type 2 diabetes prevention and to identify factors associated with willingness to participate in preventive activities among adults in Poland. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out using a computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) on a representative sample of 1,046 adults in Poland. A non-probability quota sampling method was used. A study tool was a self-prepared questionnaire. Results: Most respondents (77.3%) declared willingness to participate in preventive activities. Consultation with a diabetologist (75.1%) or family doctor consultation (74.9%) were the most often selected. Lifestyle interventions in the form of dietary and culinary workshops (58.1%) were the least chosen. Having higher education (OR = 3.83, 1.64-8.94, p = 0.002), chronic diseases (OR = 1.36, 1.01-1.85, p = 0.04), and a history of diabetes in the family (OR = 1.67, 1.21-2.30, p = 0.002) were significantly associated with a higher interest in type 2 diabetes prevention. Conclusion: The adults in Poland are keen on participating in diabetes prevention programs, mostly those based on medical counselling rather than lifestyle-oriented interventions. Educational level was the most important factor associated with willingness to participate in type 2 diabetes prevention.
Collapse
|
4
|
Owolabi M, Taiwo O, Akinyemi J, Adebayo A, Popoola O, Akinyemi R, Akpa O, Olowoyo P, Okekunle A, Uvere E, Nwimo C, Ajala O, Adebajo O, Ayodele A, Ayodeji S, Arulogun O, Olaniyan O, Walker R, Jenkins C, Ovbiagele B. Geo-Demographic and Socioeconomic Determinants of Diagnosed Hypertension among Urban Dwellers in Ibadan, Nigeria: A Community-based Study. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3692586. [PMID: 38196605 PMCID: PMC10775392 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3692586/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Background The relationship between diagnosed high blood pressure (HBP) and proximity to health facilities and noise sources is poorly understood. We investigated the relationship between proximity to noise sources, sociodemographic and economic factors, and diagnosed HBP in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods We investigated 13,531 adults from the African Rigorous Innovative Stroke Epidemiological Surveillance (ARISES) study in Ibadan. Using a Geographic Information System (GIS), the locations of healthcare facilities, pharmaceutical shops, bus stops, churches, and mosques were buffered at 100m intervals, and coordinates of persons diagnosed with HBP were overlaid on the buffered features. The number of persons with diagnosed HBP living at every 100m interval was estimated. Gender, occupation, marital status, educational status, type of housing, age, and income were used as predictor variables. Analysis was conducted using Spearman rank correlation and binary logistic regression at p<0.05. Results There was a significant inverse relationship between the number of persons diagnosed with HBP and distance from pharmaceutical shops (r=-0.818), churches (r=-0.818), mosques (r=-0.893) and major roads (r=-0.667). The odds of diagnosed HBP were higher among the unemployed (AOR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.11-2.24), currently married (AOR=1.45, CI: 1.11-1.89), and previously married (1.75, CI: 1.29-2.38). The odds of diagnosed HBP increased with educational level and age group. Conclusion Proximity to noise sources, being unemployed and educational level were associated with diagnosed HBP. Reduction in noise generation, transmission, and exposure could reduce the burden of hypertension in urban settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayowa Owolabi
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ntenda PAM, El-Meidany WMR, Tiruneh FN, Motsa MPS, Nyirongo J, Chirwa GC, Kapachika A, Nkoka O. Determinants of self-reported hypertension among women in South Africa: evidence from the population-based survey. Clin Hypertens 2022; 28:39. [PMCID: PMC9664601 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-022-00222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hypertension (HTN), characterized by an elevation of blood pressure, is a serious public health chronic condition that significantly raises the risks of heart, brain, kidney, and other diseases. In South Africa, the prevalence of HTN (measured objectively) was reported at 46.0% in females, nonetheless little is known regarding the prevalence and risks factors of self-reported HTN among the same population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine determinants of self-reported HTN among women in South Africa.
Methods
The study used data obtained from the 2016 South African Demographic and Health Survey. In total, 6,027 women aged ≥ 20 years were analyzed in this study. Self-reported HTN was defined as a case in which an individual has not been clinically diagnosed with this chronic condition by a medical doctor, nurse, or health worker. Multiple logistic regression models were employed to examine the independent factors of self-reported HTN while considering the complex survey design.
Results
Overall, self-reported HTN was reported in 23.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.1–24.1) of South African women. Being younger (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.04; 95% CI, 0.03–0.06), never married (aOR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.56–0.85), and not covered by health insurance (aOR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.58–0.95) reduced the odds of self-reported HTN. On the other hand, being black/African (aOR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.17–2.54), perception of being overweight (aOR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.40–2.11), and perception of having poor health status (aOR, 3.53; 95% CI, 2.53–5.21) and the presence of other comorbidities (aOR, 7.92; 95% CI, 3.63–17.29) increased the odds of self-reported HTN.
Conclusions
Self-reported HTN was largely associated with multiple sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle factors and the presence of other chronic conditions. Health promotion and services aiming at reducing the burden of HTN in South Africa should consider the associated factors reported in this study to ensure healthy aging and quality of life among women.
Collapse
|
6
|
Leung CY, Huang HL, Abe SK, Saito E, Islam MR, Rahman MS, Ikeda A, Sawada N, Tamakoshi A, Gao YT, Koh WP, Shu XO, Sakata R, Tsuji I, Kim J, Park SK, Nagata C, You SL, Yuan JM, Shin MH, Pan WH, Tsugane S, Kimura T, Wen W, Cai H, Ozasa K, Matsuyama S, Kanemura S, Sugawara Y, Shin A, Wada K, Chen CJ, Wang R, Ahn YO, Ahsan H, Boffetta P, Chia KS, Matsuo K, Qiao YL, Rothman N, Zheng W, Kang D, Inoue M. Association of Marital Status With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in Asia. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2214181. [PMID: 35639382 PMCID: PMC9157263 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Marital status has been shown to be associated with mortality, but evidence in Asian populations is limited. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of marital status with total and cause-specific mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study included individual participant data from 16 prospective studies in the Asia Cohort Consortium conducted between 1963 and 2015. Asian participants with complete information on marital and vital status were included. Study-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using Cox proportional hazards model and then pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. The analysis began in February 2021 and ended in August 2021. EXPOSURES Marital status. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES All-cause and cause-specific mortality. RESULTS Of 623 140 participants (326 397 women [52.4%] and 296 743 men [47.6%]; mean [SD] age, 53.7 [10.2] years; mean [SD] follow-up time, 15.5 [6.1] years), 123 264 deaths were ascertained. Compared with married individuals, those who were unmarried had pooled HRs of 1.15 (95% CI, 1.07-1.24) for total mortality, 1.12 (95% CI, 1.03-1.22) for cerebrovascular disease mortality, 1.20 (95% CI, 1.09-1.31) for coronary heart disease mortality, 1.17 (95% CI, 1.07-1.28) for circulatory system diseases mortality, 1.06 (95% CI, 1.01-1.11) for cancer mortality, 1.14 (95% CI, 1.05-1.23) for respiratory diseases mortality, and 1.19 (95% CI, 1.05-1.34) for external causes of death. Positive associations with total mortality were also observed for those who were single (HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.41-1.86), separated (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.13-1.61), divorced (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.13-1.69), and widowed (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04-1.13). In subgroup analyses, the positive association persisted across baseline health conditions, and the risk of death was more pronounced among men or people younger than 65 years. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This large pooled cohort study of individual participant data provides strong evidence that being unmarried, as well as belonging to the unmarried subcategories, was positively associated with total and cause-specific mortality. Investment of targeted social support services might need to be considered in light of the mortality differences between married and unmarried individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yan Leung
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hsi-Lan Huang
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sarah Krull Abe
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiko Saito
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Md. Rashedul Islam
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Md. Shafiur Rahman
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ai Ikeda
- Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ritsu Sakata
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Graduate School of Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue K. Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chisato Nagata
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - San-Lin You
- School of Medicine and Big Data Research Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Myung-Hee Shin
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wen-Harn Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kotaro Ozasa
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sanae Matsuyama
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Seiki Kanemura
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yumi Sugawara
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keiko Wada
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Renwei Wang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yoon-Ok Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kee Seng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - You-Lin Qiao
- Center for Global Health, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Daehee Kang
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Manami Inoue
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lopuszanska-Dawid M, Kołodziej H, Lipowicz A, Szklarska A. Age, Education, and Stress Affect Ageing Males' Symptoms More than Lifestyle Does: The Wroclaw Male Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095044. [PMID: 35564437 PMCID: PMC9105921 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of subjects are affected by health problems related to the advanced involutional processes. It is extremely important to identify the determinants of the rate of occurrence of physiological, psychological, and social manifestations of aging. The aim was to determine how factors such as lifestyle, level of education, or severity of stressful life events indicate the appearance of aging symptoms in adult men. The material consisted of data of ethnically homogeneous group of 355 men (32−87 years), invited to the study as a part of the Wroclaw Male Study research project. The analyzed features included (1) socioeconomic status: age, educational level, marital status, and having children; (2) elements of lifestyle: alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking, and physical activity; (3) major and most important stressful life events—the Social Readjustment Rating Scale; (4) symptoms related to male aging—the Aging Males’ Symptoms. The backward stepwise regression models, the Kruskal−Wallis test, and multiple comparisons of mean ranks were used. Noncentrality parameter δ (delta), two-tailed critical values of the test, and test power with α = 0.05 were calculated. Among the analyzed variables, age was most strongly associated with the intensity of almost all groups of andropausal symptoms in men (p = 0.0001), followed by the level of education (p = 0.0001) and the intensity of stressful life events (p = 0.0108). Selected lifestyle elements turned out to be much less important (p > 0.01). Preventive actions aimed at slowing down the intensification of involutional processes, including teaching strategies for coping with stressful life events, should be implemented in groups of men with specific risk factors from an early age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lopuszanska-Dawid
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Physical Education, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Marymoncka 34, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-834-04-31
| | - Halina Kołodziej
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (H.K.); (A.L.)
| | - Anna Lipowicz
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (H.K.); (A.L.)
| | - Alicja Szklarska
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Palace of Culture and Science, Defilad Square 1, 00-901 Warsaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lim OW, Liew HH, Eng XR, Yong CK, Lim LH. Determinants of Newly-Diagnosed Raised Blood Pressure: The Malaysian Context. Malays J Med Sci 2022; 28:88-99. [PMID: 35002493 PMCID: PMC8715878 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.6.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Raised blood pressure, also known as hypertension (HPT), has been a distressing health concern among Malaysians. An upward trend is found on the prevalence of newly-diagnosed HPT, contributing to the high number of overall hypertensive patients in Malaysia. To understand the cause and reduce the economic burden caused by HPT, current research aims to examine the dependency among sociodemographic and behavioural determinants of newly-diagnosed HPT among Malaysians. Methods The current study uses secondary data from the Fifth National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS V) 2015, a population based cross-sectional study. This study uses the Bayesian Network (BN) modelling to design and build a ‘causal’ model and identify potential determinants and their respective conditional probability on the prevalence of newly-diagnosed HPT among Malaysians. Results This study shows that Malaysians with newly-diagnosed HPT are directly affected by the age and body mass index (BMI). Additionally, household income, sex, marital status, ethnicity, strata, education levels, occupation, fruit intake, vegetable intake, smoking status, physical activity and plain water intake indirectly affect the incidence of the newly-diagnosed HPT. Conclusion These results may be helpful in implementing appropriate policies to prevent and monitor the increasing prevalence of newly-diagnosed HPT among adults in Malaysia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ooi Wei Lim
- Malaysia Foundation Programme, Heriot-Watt University, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - How Hui Liew
- Department of Mathematical and Actuarial Sciences, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
| | - Xin Ru Eng
- Department of Economics, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, United Kingdom
| | - Chin Khian Yong
- Department of Mathematical and Actuarial Sciences, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
| | - Ling Hong Lim
- Malaysia Foundation Programme, Heriot-Watt University, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Edes AN, Al-Kandari Y, Znidarsic KA, Crews DE. Individual measures of social support may have limited impact on physiological parameters among elderly Kuwaitis. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23655. [PMID: 34339552 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Social support can buffer physiological stress responses, reducing morbidity and mortality risk, but research has occurred primarily in western populations. We examined whether social support was associated with physiological biomarkers in a non-western sample. METHODS We predicted evidence of increased physiological dysregulation in those with less social support among elderly Kuwaitis (≥60 years, n = 253). Measures of social support included marital status (married/unmarried), religiosity (low/high), whether adult children lived at home (yes/no), and perceived social support (low/medium/high). Using linear regression, we tested relationships between each social support measure and 17 biomarkers: cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), epinephrine, norepinephrine, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), waist-hip ratio (WHR), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), TC/HDL, LDL/HDL, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), C-reactive protein (CRP), and resting heart rate (RHR). We analyzed two models for each, one with the independent variable only and a second including age, smoking, and education as covariates. RESULTS Married participants had lower norepinephrine, but higher TC/HDL and LDL/HDL. Higher religiosity was negatively associated with TC (men only) but higher LDL, TC/HDL, and LDL/HDL. Participants with low self-reported social support had higher DBP and HbA1c than those reporting medium or high levels. CONCLUSIONS Relatively few biomarkers associated significantly with individual social support measures in a way that suggests improved health for those with more support. As such, some measures of social support may not be universally beneficial across cultures. Additionally, the high degree of respect for and integration of elders in Kuwait society may collectively buffer against negative effects. Cross-cultural comparisons are critical to better understand how social support influences morbidity and mortality across populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Edes
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Reproductive and Behavioral Sciences, Saint Louis Zoo, One Government Drive, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yagoub Al-Kandari
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Anthropology, Kuwait University, Kifan, Kuwait
| | | | - Douglas E Crews
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ayogu RNB, Nwodo CJ. Epidemiological characteristics of hypertension, impaired fasting capillary glucose and their comorbidity: a retrospective cross-sectional population-based study of rural adolescents in Southeast Nigeria. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e041481. [PMID: 33952534 PMCID: PMC8103371 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of hypertension, impaired fasting capillary glucose (IFCG) and coexistence of both as well as determinants of these conditions among rural adolescents. DESIGN A retrospective cross-sectional population-based study. SETTING Three rural communities in southeast Nigeria. PARTICIPANTS A total of 401 adolescents (10 - 19 years) selected through a five-stage sampling technique completed the study. Sick adolescents, pregnant and nursing adolescent mothers were excluded. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence and determinants of hypertension, IFCG and comorbidity of both were assessed through weight, height, blood pressure, fasting capillary glucose measurements and statistical analysis. RESULTS Prehypertension (10.7%), hypertension alone (12.7%), IFCG alone (11.0%), diabetes (0.2%) and hypertension with IFCG (6.2%) were prevalent among the adolescents. The adolescents aged 15 - 19 years were less likely to be affected by hypertension alone (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.36, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.74, p<0.01). The likelihood of having hypertension alone was three times higher among those who smoked any substance (AOR=3.43, 95% CI 1.34 to 8.78, p<0.05) and 2.85 times higher among those who consumed alcohol (AOR=2.85, 95% CI 1.33 to 6.10, p<0.01). Meal skipping (AOR=2.69, 95% CI 1.16 to 6.25, p<0.05), consumption of fried/baked snacks (AOR=15.46, 95% CI 1.62 to 147.37, p<0.05) and vegetables (AOR=2.27, 95% CI 1.11 to 4.66, p<0.05) were also significant risk factors of hypertension alone. Skipping meals (AOR=2.15, 95% CI 0. 93 to 4.99, p>0.05) and longer than 7 hours of night sleep (AOR=1.88, 95% CI 0.94 TO 3.73, p>0.05) increased the risk of IFCG alone by twofold. Female adolescents (AOR=0.29, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.78, p<0.05) and those who consumed fried/baked snacks (AOR=0.09, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.37, p<0.01) were less likely to have hypertension with IFPG than males and those who consumed non-fried/baked snacks, respectively. CONCLUSION This study reported relatively low prevalence of hypertension alone, IFCG alone, hypertension with IFCG and epidemiological characteristics that can become focus of interventions to curtail the emergence of cardiovascular events at an early age. Awareness creation through health and nutrition education is emphasised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rufina N B Ayogu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nigeria Faculty of Agriculture, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Chinenye Juliet Nwodo
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nigeria Faculty of Agriculture, Nsukka, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Song C, Chongsuvivatwong V, Zhu Luo Bu O, Ji D, Sang Zhuo Ma B, Sriplung H. Relationship between hypertension and geographic altitude: a cross-sectional survey among residents in Tibet. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520903645. [PMID: 32090671 PMCID: PMC7111057 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520903645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hypertension (HT) among individuals living at different altitudes in Tibet. Methods We conducted a stratified cluster survey among 1,631 participants in Tibet living in areas at three different altitudes. Results Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) values were highest at the lowest altitudes. After adjusting for age and sex, the prevalence of HT at low, medium, and high altitudes was 40.6%, 32.5%, and 20.4%, respectively. The prevalence of HT decreased with increasing altitude and increased with increasing age and BMI value. Conclusion Increasing altitude tended to decrease BMI levels, and as a consequence, the prevalence of HT was reduced. National policies and guidelines for HT in Tibet should focus on this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ci Song
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Tibet University Medical College, Lhasa, China
- Epidemiology Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | - Ou Zhu Luo Bu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Tibet University Medical College, Lhasa, China
| | - De Ji
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Tibet University Medical College, Lhasa, China
| | - Ba Sang Zhuo Ma
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Tibet University Medical College, Lhasa, China
| | - Hutcha Sriplung
- Epidemiology Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Community Health Workers in Selected Villages in the Philippines. J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc 2019; 34:171-179. [PMID: 33442153 PMCID: PMC7784100 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.034.02.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome among community health workers (CHWs) in selected villages in the Philippines. It also determined the association of urbanization and socio-demographic characteristics with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome among CHWs. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted among CHWs who were actively rendering service from selected communities at the time of the study. Standardized interviews were conducted and clinical measurements were collected. Results Of the total of 457 CHWs who participated, 96% were females with a median age of 50 years. The prevalence of hypertension in this population was 32.4%. Hypertension was found to be associated with older age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 5.3, 95% CI: 3.2 to 8.8, p<0.001], obesity (aOR 2.4, 95% CI: 1.4 to 4.0, p=0.002) and alcohol consumption (aOR 1.7, 95% CI: 1.0 to 3.0, p<0.040). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) was 13.6%. It was found to be more prevalent among CHWs who were at least 50 years old (aOR 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4 to 5.1, p=0.002), and those who spent at least 5 hours a day in sedentary activities (aOR 3.8, 95% CI: 1.1 to 12.7, p<0.033). Borderline to high total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and triglycerides (TG) were seen in 41%, 37% and 20%, respectively. Sixty percent had low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 52.3%. Conclusion Metabolic syndrome is prevalent among CHW participants, with obesity, hypertension and low LDL-c as the most common components present. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in this population was not found to be significantly different between rural and urban areas after adjusting for other factors.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lim OW, Yong CC. The Risk Factors for Undiagnosed and Known Hypertension among Malaysians. Malays J Med Sci 2019; 26:98-112. [PMID: 31728122 PMCID: PMC6839659 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.5.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of known hypertension has resulted from the progression of undiagnosed hypertension. This study is targeted to examine and compare the risk factors based on the estimated odds ratios of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on different outcome levels of hypertension. Methods A nationwide representative secondary data from the Fourth National Health of Morbidity Survey (NHMS IV) which consists of 24,632 non-institutionalised Malaysian population conducted by the Ministry of Health in 2011 has been used. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval has been estimated using multinomial logistic regression. Results Obese and overweight respondents exhibit increased likelihood of having undiagnosed and known hypertension. Physically inactive, ex-smokers and unclassified drinkers are found having higher likelihood to have known hypertension. However, current drinkers are found to have higher likelihood of having undiagnosed hypertension. Elderly, retirees, home makers and lower educated respondents are shown higher odds to have undiagnosed hypertension. Likewise, the likelihood of having known hypertension has been found to increase among the elderly and other Bumiputra. Conclusion Through this research, significant predictors which consist of obese and overweight respondents, current drinkers, older respondents (above 65 years old) and primary educated respondents are having higher likelihood to have undiagnosed hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ooi Wei Lim
- Malaysia Foundation Programme, Heriot-Watt University Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Chen Chen Yong
- Faculty of Economics and Administration University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Aldiab A, Shubair MM, Al-Zahrani JM, Aldossari KK, Al-Ghamdi S, Househ M, Razzak HA, El-Metwally A, Jradi H. Prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension and its associated cardioembolic risk factors; a population based cross-sectional study in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1327. [PMID: 30497425 PMCID: PMC6267095 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension and prehypertension pose significant public-health and clinical challenges for both economically developed and developing nations. Prevalence of these conditions are frequently underreported because of its often-silent nature. Population-based studies that explore the occurrence and correlates of these conditions are scarce in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed at estimating the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension and prehypertension on a representative sample of males and females living in Al-Kharj town in Saudi Arabia. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis was performed from January 2016 until June 2016 by recruiting a representative sample (n = 1019; aged 18 to 67 years) of the Al Kharj population. All participants completed a self-administered questionnaire, followed by a physical examination and blood test. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 24.0 for Windows. RESULTS The prevalence of prehypertension was 66.1, 48.1 and 54.9% in male, female and all subjects, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension was 6.0, 4.2 and 4.9% in male, female and all subjects, respectively. Being overweight was associated with the highest risk of hypertension (OR = 4.98 [95% C.I. = 1.98-12.52], P = 0.001). People who were classified as class I obese had 3.5 times the risk of hypertension compared with the non-obese group (OR = 3.49 [95% C.I. = 1.42-8.63], P = 0.007). Risk of pre-hypertension was significantly lower in females (OR = 0.48 [95% C.I. = 0.32-0.71]) and tends to increase with obesity status. Gender-specific analyses found that males in the lowest education attainment level had a significantly increased risk of pre-hypertension (OR = 6.56 [95% C.I. = 1.27-33.85], P = 0.003). CONCLUSION This population-based study in Saudi Arabia shows that hypertension and prehypertension are common conditions particularly among males. Overweight and obesity was associated with both conditions. In addition, lower education attainment was a significantly associated factor among males. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm the etiological nature of such associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Aldiab
- Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdouh M Shubair
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC), 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Jamaan M Al-Zahrani
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled K Aldossari
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mowafa Househ
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC)/College of Public Health & Health Informatics, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University For Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ashraf El-Metwally
- College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud Bin AbdulAziz University for Health Sciences, Mail Code 2350, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia. .,Docent of Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Hoda Jradi
- College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud Bin AbdulAziz University for Health Sciences, Mail Code 2350, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Oh WS, Yoon S, Noh J, Sohn J, Kim C, Heo J. Geographical variations and influential factors in prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases in South Korea. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205005. [PMID: 30278073 PMCID: PMC6168158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Geographical variations and influential factors of disease prevalence are crucial information enabling optimal allocation of limited medical resources and prioritization of appropriate treatments for each regional unit. The purpose of this study was to explore the geographical variations and influential factors of cardiometabolic disease prevalence with respect to 230 administrative districts in South Korea. Global Moran’s I was calculated to determine whether the standardized prevalences of cardiometabolic diseases (hypertension, stroke, and diabetes mellitus) were spatially clustered. The CART algorithm was then applied to generate decision tree models that could extract the diseases’ regional influential factors from among 101 demographic, economic, and public health data variables. Finally, the accuracies of the resulting model–hypertension (67.4%), stroke (62.2%), and diabetes mellitus (56.5%)–were assessed by ten-fold cross-validation. Marriage rate was the main determinant of geographic variation in hypertension and stroke prevalence, which has the possibility that married life could have positive effects in lowering disease risks. Additionally, stress-related variables were extracted as factors positively associated with hypertension and stroke. In the opposite way, the wealth status of a region was found to have an influence on the prevalences of stroke and diabetes mellitus. This study suggested a framework for provision of novel insights into the regional characteristics of diseases and the corresponding influential factors. The results of the study are anticipated to provide valuable information for public health practitioners’ cost-effective disease management and to facilitate primary intervention and mitigation efforts in response to regional disease outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won Seob Oh
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Yoon
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juhwan Noh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungwoo Sohn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Heo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Objective: Existing literature shows considerable regional differences in terms of hypertension (HT) prevalence in Turkey. The purpose of this study was to analyze some of the known HT risk factors contributing to the variations between urban and rural areas of Turkey in HT development. Methods: We used data from the 2011 Chronic Diseases and Risk Factors Survey that was conducted by the Turkish Ministry of Health on a representative sample of the Turkish adult population aged 20 years or more (n=16.227). HT was defined as having at least one of the following: a mean systolic/diastolic blood pressure of at least 140/90 mm Hg, a previously diagnosed disease, or use of antihypertensive medication. Stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate HT risk factors in urban and rural settings. Results: Although the HT prevalence was higher in rural areas (28.4%) than in urban areas (23.9%), in this study, urbanization was found to be a contributing factor in multivariate regression analysis. Furthermore, separate regressions for urban and rural settings revealed that age, obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking were independently and positively associated (p<0.05) with HT in both settings, while marital status, employment type, mental health, and lifestyle patterns; nutritional habits; and amount of physical activity and sedentary time (p<0.05) were risk indicators in urban areas only. Conclusion: The findings of our study demonstrate that contributory factors show some variations between urban and rural settings, and on gender within each setting. Taking into account the variations between urban and rural areas in HT development may provide greater insight into the design of prevention strategies.
Collapse
|
17
|
Associations of socioeconomic status with prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in a general Japanese population. J Hypertens 2017; 35:401-408. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
18
|
Łopuszańska-Dawid M, Szklarska A, Kołodziej H, Lipowicz A, Jankowska EA. The relationship between: occupational status, biological condition and androgen hormone level among Polish adult men: the Wroclaw Male Study. Aging Male 2016; 19:231-238. [PMID: 27690723 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2016.1220519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Population health and its determinants are one of the major challenges to social and economic policy. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between occupational activity and biological condition in adult working Polish men. The participants of the study were 300 men (30-65 years), healthy inhabitants of the city of Wroclaw, Poland. Seventeen measures of biological condition were examined. The subjects were divided into three different occupational groups: professionals, soldiers and skilled workers. A comparison of biological age profiles of three occupational groups showed that in the majority of characteristics, professionals had the youngest biological age, whereas skilled workers had the highest biological age. The results for soldiers were not as unambiguous, but biological parameters were generally closer to those for professionals. Inborn biological predispositions and long-term impact of the working environment can influence on the biological condition of various professional groups. Knowledge of the determinants of biological condition might result in efficient use of predisposition to work or may be of help in extending their time of work ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Halina Kołodziej
- b The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science , Institute of Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland , and
| | - Anna Lipowicz
- b The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science , Institute of Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland , and
| | - Ewa A Jankowska
- c Department of Heart Diseases , Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Putz F, Putz T, Goerig N, Knippen S, Gryc T, Eyüpoglu I, Rössler K, Semrau S, Lettmaier S, Fietkau R. Improved survival for elderly married glioblastoma patients : Better treatment delivery, less toxicity, and fewer disease complications. Strahlenther Onkol 2016; 192:797-805. [PMID: 27628965 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-016-1046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Marital status is a well-described prognostic factor in patients with gliomas but the observed survival difference is unexplained in the available population-based studies. METHODS A series of 57 elderly glioblastoma patients (≥70 years) were analyzed retrospectively. Patients received radiotherapy or chemoradiation with temozolomide. The prognostic significance of marital status was assessed. Disease complications, toxicity, and treatment delivery were evaluated in detail. RESULTS Overall survival was significantly higher in married than in unmarried patients (median, 7.9 vs. 4.0 months; p = 0.006). The prognostic significance of marital status was preserved in the multivariate analysis (HR, 0.41; p = 0.011). Married patients could receive significantly higher daily temozolomide doses (mean, 53.7 mg/m² vs. 33.1 mg/m²; p = 0.020), were more likely to receive maintenance temozolomide (45.7 % vs. 11.8 %; p = 0.016), and had to be hospitalized less frequently during radiotherapy (55.0 % vs. 88.2 %; p = 0.016). Of the patients receiving temozolomide, married patients showed significantly lower rates of hematologic and liver toxicity. Most complications were infectious or neurologic in nature. Complications of any grade were more frequent in unmarried patients (58.8 % vs. 30.0 %; p = 0.041) with the incidence of grade 3-5 complications being particularly elevated (47.1 % vs. 15.0 %; p = 0.004). CONCLUSION We found poorer treatment delivery as well as an unexpected severe increase in toxicity and disease complications in elderly unmarried glioblastoma patients. Marital status may be an important predictive factor for clinical decision-making and should be addressed in further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Putz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitätsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Tobias Putz
- Professorship of Demography, University of Bamberg, Feldkirchenstraße 21, 96052, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Nicole Goerig
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitätsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Knippen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitätsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gryc
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitätsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ilker Eyüpoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Rössler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Semrau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitätsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lettmaier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitätsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitätsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lipowicz A, Szklarska A, Mitas AW. Biological costs of economic transition: Stress levels during the transition from communism to capitalism in Poland. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2016; 21:90-9. [PMID: 26799229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
At the end of the 1980s, Poland began the transformation from an essentially one-party communist system to a politically pluralistic democratic system. These political and economic changes had major social consequences, among others unemployment and a sharp decrease in real personal income. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible relationship between stress in adult men, measured by the Allostatic Load, and the socio-economic deterioration during the first part of the economic transition. The Allostatic Load included eleven markers assessing adverse nutritional intake, cardiovascular activity, inflammatory processes, and lung, hepatic and renal functions. The results indicate a significantly higher risk of metabolic dysregulation in men examined after 1990, compared to men from previous years. After adjustment for socioeconomic variables and lifestyle variables, men examined in 1991 had a 31% greater risk of higher Allostatic Load compared with men examined in 1985 (OR=1.31; p=0.0541), in 1992, this risk was 50% greater (OR=1.50; p<0.01), and in 1993, the risk was 66% greater (OR=1.66; p<0.05). The conclusion is drawn that significantly more stressogenic factors for men were those directly connected with the financial situation of their families, than a sudden but short increase of prices for goods and services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lipowicz
- Department of Anthropology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Alicja Szklarska
- Unit of Anthropology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej W Mitas
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Informatics and Medical Equipment, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bentley-Lewis R, Huynh J, Li S, Wenger J, Thadhani R. Hypertension Risk Subsequent to Gestational Dysglycemia Is Modified by Race/Ethnicity. Hypertension 2015; 67:223-8. [PMID: 26573715 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Additionally, gestational dysglycemia has been associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus but not yet associated with hypertension subsequent to pregnancy in long-term follow-up. Therefore, we set out to examine this relationship as well as the role of race/ethnicity in modifying this relationship. We analyzed a prospective observational cohort followed between 1998 and 2007. There were 17 655 women with self-reported race/ethnicity and full-term, live births. A 1-hour 50 g oral glucose-load test and a 3-hour 100 g oral glucose-tolerance test enabled third trimester stratification of women into 1 of 4 glucose-tolerance groups: (1) normal (n=15 056); (2) abnormal glucose-load test (n=1558); (3) abnormal glucose-load and -tolerance tests (n=520); and (4) gestational diabetes mellitus (n=521). Women were then followed for a mean±standard deviation of 4.1±2.9 years after delivery for the development of hypertension. Although gestational diabetes mellitus was associated with an increased risk of hypertension after pregnancy (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.58 [1.02, 2.45]; P=0.04), dysglycemia defined by an abnormal glucose-load test predicted hypertension only among black women (4.52 [1.24, 16.52]; P=0.02). The risk of hypertension after pregnancy among dysglycemia groups not meeting criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus varied based on the race/ethnicity of the population. Further research on the implications of the intersection of race/ethnicity and gestational dysglycemia on subsequent hypertension is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda Bentley-Lewis
- From the Medicine/Diabetes Unit (R.B.-L., J.H., S.L.) and Medicine/Division of Nephrology (J.W., R.T.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
| | - Jennifer Huynh
- From the Medicine/Diabetes Unit (R.B.-L., J.H., S.L.) and Medicine/Division of Nephrology (J.W., R.T.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Sylvia Li
- From the Medicine/Diabetes Unit (R.B.-L., J.H., S.L.) and Medicine/Division of Nephrology (J.W., R.T.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Julia Wenger
- From the Medicine/Diabetes Unit (R.B.-L., J.H., S.L.) and Medicine/Division of Nephrology (J.W., R.T.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Ravi Thadhani
- From the Medicine/Diabetes Unit (R.B.-L., J.H., S.L.) and Medicine/Division of Nephrology (J.W., R.T.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhao J, Kelly M, Bain C, Seubsman SA, Sleigh A. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease mortality among 86866 members of the Thai Cohort Study, 2005-2010. Glob J Health Sci 2015; 7:107-14. [PMID: 25651607 PMCID: PMC4796435 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v7n1p107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thailand is experiencing a development-associated health-risk transition with increasing prominence of chronic diseases. We aim to determine the risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths in Thailand. We conducted longitudinal analyses of deaths in the nationwide Thai Cohort Study from 2005 to 2010 (n=86866) using national vital registration data. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate mutually adjusted estimates of association between dying from CVD and various risk factors measured at baseline in 2005. For three important risks, population attributable fractions were calculated. There were 78 CVD deaths. The probability of dying from CVD for males was 0.15% and for females was 0.04%. Multivariate modelling showed that current smoking (OR=4.01, CI=2.02-7.93), hypertension (OR=1.91, CI=0.95-3.85), and diabetes (OR=2.51, CI=1.01-6.25) are major risk factors of CVD deaths. For males, 54% of CVD deaths can be attributed to smoking. Females are protected by very low rates of smoking. Ischaemic heart disease (OR=6.85, CI=2.47-19.01) is also a strong predictor of CVD deaths. As CVD is a top cause of death, reducing CVD mortality by controlling smoking, hypertension, and hyperglycaemia will substantially improve life expectancy in Thailand today. The low smoking rates among females need to be actively maintained and confer great benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Zhao
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, Australia
| | - Matthew Kelly
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, Australia
- Correspondence: Matthew Kelly, NCEPH, Building 62, Mills Road, Acton 0200, Canberra, Australia. Tel: 61-2-6125 8312. Fax: 61-2-61250740. E-mail:
| | - Chris Bain
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, Australia
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sam-Ang Seubsman
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, Australia
- School of Human Ecology, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | - Adrian Sleigh
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Duration of obesity and incident hypertension in adults from the Framingham Heart Study. J Hypertens 2015; 33:542-5; discussion 545. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
24
|
Kravdal Ø, Grundy E. Underuse of medication for circulatory disorders among unmarried women and men in Norway? BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 15:65. [PMID: 25420870 PMCID: PMC4280763 DOI: 10.1186/2050-6511-15-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is well established that unmarried people have higher mortality from circulatory diseases and higher all-cause mortality than the married, and these marital status differences seem to be increasing. However, much remains to be known about the underlying mechanisms. Our objective was to examine marital status differences in the purchase of medication for circulatory diseases, and risk factors for them, which may indicate underuse of such medication by some marital status groups. Methods Using data from registers covering the entire Norwegian population, we analysed marital status differences in the purchase of medicine for eight circulatory disorders by people aged 50-79 in 2004-2008. These differences were compared with those in circulatory disease mortality during 2004-2007, considered as indicating probable differences in disease burden. Results The unmarried had 1.4-2.8 times higher mortality from the four types of circulatory diseases considered. However, the never-married in particular purchased less medicine for these diseases, or precursor risk factors of these diseases, primarily because of a low chance of making a first purchase. The picture was more mixed for the divorced and widowed. Both groups purchased less of some of these medicines than the married, but, especially in the case of the widowed, relatively more of other types of medicine. In contrast to the never-married, divorced and widowed people were as least as likely as the married to make a first purchase, but adherence rates thereafter, indicated by continuing purchases, were lower. Conclusion The most plausible interpretation of the findings is that compared with married people, especially the never-married more often have circulatory disorders that are undiagnosed or for which they for other reasons underuse medication. Inadequate use of these potentially very efficient medicines in such a large population group is a serious public health challenge which needs further investigation. It is possible that marital status differences in use of medicines for circulatory disorders combined with an increasing importance of these medicines have contributed to the widening marital status gap in mortality observed in several countries. This also requires further investigation.
Collapse
|
25
|
Hypertension and its associated risk factors in the kingdom of saudi arabia, 2013: a national survey. Int J Hypertens 2014; 2014:564679. [PMID: 25170423 PMCID: PMC4142152 DOI: 10.1155/2014/564679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Current data on hypertension in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are lacking. We conducted a national survey to inform decision-makers on the current magnitude of the epidemic. We measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 10,735 Saudis aged 15 years or older and interviewed them through a national multistage survey. We used multivariate logistic regressions to describe sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors of hypertensive, borderline hypertensive, and undiagnosed hypertensive Saudis. We found that 15.2% and 40.6% of Saudis were hypertensive or borderline hypertensive, respectively. Risk of hypertension increased among men, with age, obesity, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. 57.8% of hypertensive Saudis were undiagnosed. These were more likely to be male, older, and diagnosed with diabetes. Among participants diagnosed with hypertension, 78.9% reported taking medication for their condition. About 45% of participants on medication for hypertension had their blood pressure controlled. The prevalence of hypertension and borderline hypertension is very high in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, control of hypertension is poor. With the majority of hypertensive Saudis being unaware of their condition, a national plan is needed to increase utilization of freely available screening, preventive, and medical services.
Collapse
|
26
|
Nuwaha F, Musinguzi G. Pre-hypertension in Uganda: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2013; 13:101. [PMID: 24228945 PMCID: PMC3833647 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-13-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with a systolic blood pressure (BP) of 120 to < 140 or diastolic BP of 80 to < 90 mm hg are classified as having pre-hypertension. Pre-hypertension is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, incident CVD and CVD mortality. Understanding determinants of pre-hypertension especially in low income countries is a pre-requisite for improved prevention and control. METHODS Data were analyzed for 4142 persons aged 18 years and older with BP measured in a community cross sectional survey in Uganda. The prevalence of pre-hypertension was estimated and a number of risk factors e.g. smoking, use of alcohol, overweight, obesity, physical activity, sex, age, marital status, place of residence, and consumption of vegetables and fruits were compared among different groups (normotension, pre-hypertension, and hypertension) using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS The age standardized prevalence of normal blood pressure was 37.6%, pre-hypertension 33.9%, hypertension 28.5% and raised blood pressure 62%. There was no difference between the prevalence of hypertension among women compared to men (28.9% versus 27.9%). However, the prevalence of pre-hypertension was higher among men (41.6%) compared to women (29.4%). Compared to people with normal blood pressure, the risk of pre-hypertension was increased by being 40 years and above, smoking, consumption of alcohol, not being married, being male and being overweight or obese. Compared to pre-hypertension, hypertension was more likely if one was more than 40 years, had infrequent or no physical activity, resided in an urban area, and was obese or overweight. CONCLUSIONS More than one in three of adults in this population had pre-hypertension. Preventive and public health interventions that reduce the prevalence of raised blood pressure need to be implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fred Nuwaha
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P,O, Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Thawornchaisit P, de Looze F, Reid CM, Seubsman SA, Sleigh AC. Health risk factors and the incidence of hypertension: 4-year prospective findings from a national cohort of 60 569 Thai Open University students. BMJ Open 2013; 3:e002826. [PMID: 23801711 PMCID: PMC3696868 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the impact of a number of demographic, biological, behavioural and lifestyle health risk factors on the incidence of hypertension in Thailand over a 4-year period. DESIGN A 4-year prospective study of health risk factors and their effects on the incidence of hypertension in a national Thai Cohort Study from 2005 to 2009. SETTING As Thailand is transitioning from a developing to a middle-income developed country, chronic diseases (particularly cardiovascular disease) have emerged as major health issues. Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart attack and stroke and cross-sectional studies have indicated that the prevalence is increasing. STUDY PARTICIPANTS A total of 57 558 Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University students who participated in both the 2005 and 2009 questionnaire surveys and who were normotensive in 2005 were included in the analysis. MEASURES Adjusted relative risks associating each risk factor and incidence of hypertension by sex, after controlling for confounders such as age, socioeconomic status, body mass index (BMI) and underlying diseases. RESULTS The overall 4-year incidence of hypertension was 3.5%, with the rate in men being remarkably higher than that in women (5.2% vs 2.1%). In both sexes, hypertension was associated with age, higher BMI and comorbidities but not with income and education. In men, hypertension was associated with physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol and fast food intake. In women, hypertension was related to having a partner. CONCLUSIONS In both men and women, hypertension was strongly associated with age, obesity and comorbidities while it had no association with socioeconomic factors. The cohort patterns of socioeconomy and hypertension reflect that the health risk transition in Thais is likely to be at the middle stage. Diet and lifestyle factors associate with incidence of hypertension in Thais and may be amenable targets for hypertension control programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasutr Thawornchaisit
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ferdinandus de Looze
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher M Reid
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sam-ang Seubsman
- School of Human Ecology, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Nonthaburi, Thailand
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Adrian C Sleigh
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Thawornchaisit P, de Looze F, Reid CM, Seubsman SA, Sleigh A. Health-risk factors and the prevalence of hypertension: cross-sectional findings from a national cohort of 87,143 Thai Open University students. Glob J Health Sci 2013; 5:126-41. [PMID: 23777729 PMCID: PMC4776825 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v5n4p126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thailand is undergoing a health-risk transition which increases chronic diseases, particularly hypertension, as a result of a rapid transition from a developing to a developed country. This study analyzes the effect of health-risk factors such as demography, socioeconomic status (SES) and body mass index (BMI) on the prevalence of hypertension. METHODS This was a cross-sectional analysis using data obtained in 2005 from 87,143 Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University (STOU) students participating in the Thai Cohort Study (mean age 30.5 years, 54.7% female). Adjusted odds ratios of the association between risk factors and hypertension were analysed across two age groups by sex, after controlling for the confounding factors such as SES and BMI. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension in men was approximately twice as high as that in women (6.9% vs 2.6%). Hypertension was associated with ageing, a lower education attainment, a higher BMI and having underlying diseases in both sexes. In men, hypertension was associated with being single, having a high income, spending more time on screens (TV & PC), cigarette smoking and drinking alcohol. In women, it was directly correlated with instant and roasted or smoked food consumption. CONCLUSIONS Hypertension was highly associated with obesity and having underlying disease. The Thai health-risk transition is in a later stage. Thais should now be educated about the danger of high blood pressure and the protective power of a low fat and low salt diet, and a normal BMI. Cessation of smoking and moderation in alcohol intake should be promoted.
Collapse
|
29
|
Gholami Fesharaki M, Kazemnejad A, Zayeri F, Sanati J, Akbari H. Historical cohort study on the factors affecting blood pressure in workers of polyacryl iran corporation using bayesian multilevel modeling with skew T distribution. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2013; 15:418-23. [PMID: 24349731 PMCID: PMC3838653 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.10930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is considered as a major public health problem in most countries due to its association with ischemic heart disease which causes cerebrovascular disease and death. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to study factors affecting Blood Pressure (BP). PATIENTS AND METHODS The data were extracted from annual observation of the workers who worked in Polyacryl Iran Corporation (PIC) between 1998 and 2010. In this research, we assessed the effect of Body Mass Index (BMI), age, sex, job status, marital status, job schedule type, and education level on Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) using Bayesian multilevel modeling with skew t distribution using WinBUGS software. RESULTS Totally 3965 persons participated in this study, 75(1.9%) female and 3890 (98.1%) male. In this study age, sex, BMI, job status, marital status, and education level had statistical association with SBP. The result for DBP was similar to SBP except the education level which had no statistical association. CONCLUSIONS Treating obesity, increasing physical activity and quality of married life are proposed as practical solutions to reduce BP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
- Biostatistics Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Farid Zayeri
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Javad Sanati
- Occupational Health Center, Polyacryle Company, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hamed Akbari
- Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kozieł S, Lopuszańska M, Szklarska A, Lipowicz A. The negative health consequences of unemployment: the case of Poland. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2010; 8:255-260. [PMID: 20627735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Revised: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In the 1990s Poland began to make a transition to a free-market economy: a transition accompanied by a variety of negative socio-economic developments, most notably a rise in unemployment. The aim of this study is to shed light on the relationship between occupational status (including unemployment) and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), by examining the experience of 542 men and 572 women between the ages of 40 and 50 of the town of Wroclaw in 2006. The Framingham Risk Score (FRS), which uses certain health and life-style parameters to predict the risk of major coronary problems over a 10-year period, was calculated, and the effect of occupational status on the FRS was assessed. The results showed that the FRS varied according to sex and to occupational status, with the highest FRS rating among unemployed men. Thus governmental policies to counter the adverse effects of unemployment should be developed to remedy the problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Kozieł
- Institute of Anthropology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kuznicza 35, 50-951 Wrocław 56, PO Box 1180, Poland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rodrigues Barbosa A, Ferreti Borgatto A. Arterial hypertension in the elderly of Bridgetown, Barbados: prevalence and associated factors. J Aging Health 2010; 22:611-30. [PMID: 20495155 DOI: 10.1177/0898264310371123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of and investigate factors associated with hypertension among elderly Barbadians. METHOD This was a cross-sectional, population-based household survey. A total of 1,508 persons aged 60 and older were examined. The occurrence of hypertension was assessed by the following question: "Do you take any medication for high blood pressure?" RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension was 29.9% in men and 45.9% in women. Multivariable analysis (the hierarchical model) showed that alcohol consumption, arthritis, heart attack, and self-reported health presented, in women, an association with hypertension (p < .05). Obesity and diabetes were associated with hypertension in both genders. DISCUSSION Sociodemographic variables, sedentary lifestyles, and smoking did not have a noticeable role in the chosen model for the determination of hypertension. Obesity was an especially noteworthy risk factor due to its high prevalence as well as the possibility of the latter being altered through intervention.
Collapse
|
32
|
Physical activity as a potential mechanism through which social support may reduce cardiovascular disease risk. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2008; 23:90-6. [PMID: 18382248 DOI: 10.1097/01.jcn.0000305074.43775.d8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Social support has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It has been suggested that the protective effect of social support is mediated through the autonomic nervous system and/or unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, but data are sparse, especially in diverse populations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate possible pathways through which social support may reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Baseline data from The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Intervention Trial for Heart Health were included in this analysis (N = 501, mean age 48 +/- 13 years, 66% female, 36% nonwhite). Social support was calculated using the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients Social Support Instrument, a validated tool measuring emotional and instrumental support. Emotional support is defined as the belief that one is cared about (high = score > or = 18); instrumental social support is defined as help with services (high = score > or = 3). Demographics, physical activity, and diet were assessed by standardized questionnaires, and cardiovascular disease risk factors were measured systematically. Linear regression models were adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, sex, marital status, and education. Higher instrumental social support was positively associated with minutes of physical activity per week (P = .007). Higher emotional social support was positively associated with number of days of physical activity per week (P = .023), number of servings of wine per week (P = .007), and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = .014). A mediational analysis was performed, and the relationship between emotional social support and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly attenuated by physical activity days per week and number of servings of wine per week. No significant associations were found for other potential mediators tested including body mass index, waist circumference, and intake of omega-3 fatty acids, beer, or liquor. In this ethnically diverse population, emotional social support was linked to higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels through increased physical activity and wine intake, suggesting possible mechanisms through which social support may reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
Collapse
|
33
|
Suwazono Y, Sakata K, Oishi M, Okubo Y, Dochi M, Kobayashi E, Kido T, Nogawa K. Estimation of benchmark dose as the threshold amount of alcohol consumption for blood pressure in Japanese workers. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2007; 27:1487-1495. [PMID: 18093048 DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2007.00983.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In order to determine the threshold amount of alcohol consumption for blood pressure, we calculated the benchmark dose (BMD) of alcohol consumption and its 95% lower confidence interval (BMDL) in Japanese workers. The subjects consisted of 4,383 males and 387 females in a Japanese steel company. The target variables were systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures. The effects of other potential covariates such as age and body mass index were adjusted by including these covariates in the multiple linear regression models. In male workers, BMD/BMDL for alcohol consumption (g/week) at which the probability of an adverse response was estimated to increase by 5% relative to no alcohol consumption, were 396/315 (systolic blood pressure), 321/265 (diastolic blood pressure), and 326/269 (mean arterial pressures). These values were based on significant regression coefficients of alcohol consumption. In female workers, BMD/BMDL for alcohol consumption based on insignificant regression coefficients were 693/134 (systolic blood pressure), 199/90 (diastolic blood pressure), and 267/77 (mean arterial pressure). Therefore, BMDs/BMDLs in males were more informative than those in females as there was no significant relationship between alcohol and blood pressure in females. The threshold amount of alcohol consumption determined in this study provides valuable information for preventing alcohol-induced hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Suwazono
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lipowicz A. Hypertension among Polish males during the economic transition. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2007; 5:61-73. [PMID: 17276743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2006.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Accepted: 10/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In the late 1980s and early 1990s Polish society experienced deep political, economic and social changes. The aim of the study is to investigate whether changes that occurred in Poland during the transformation significantly influenced the risk of hypertension among adult men. We find that irrespective of age, marital status, education, degree of urbanization, lifestyle variables (smoking, drinking alcohol, and physical activity), and BMI the risk of hypertension after 1989 was higher than before transformation (odds ratio=1.45, p<0.001). Psychosocial factors are proposed as factors which might at least partly explain the higher risk of hypertension during the first years of economic transition in Poland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lipowicz
- Institute of Anthropology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kuźnicza 35, 50-951 Wrocław, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|