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Yao Q, Yan SA, Huang M, Zheng Y, Chen M, Lin Q. Assessing transfer of aluminum during tea brewing and associated population health risks. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:423-429. [PMID: 35266432 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2049288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Tea is consumed widely around the world owing to its refreshing taste and potential health benefits. However, drinking tea is considered a major route for dietary aluminum exposure in areas where tea consumption is relatively large. To assess the health risk associated with drinking tea, the contamination level of aluminum was determined in 81 tea samples. The transfer rate of aluminum during tea brewing was investigated. Then based on the site-specific exposure parameters such as consumption data and body weight for six different subpopulations in Fujian, the exposure risks were estimated using a probabilistic approach. Results demonstrate that the contents of aluminum in green tea, white tea, oolong tea, and black tea were significantly different according to the one-way ANOVA analysis (p < 0.05). The transfer rate of aluminum were 32.6%, 31.6%, 26.3%, and 14% for white tea, black tea, oolong tea, and green tea, respectively. With respect to the oral reference dose, the exposure of inhabitants in Fujian to aluminum through drinking tea is under control (even at the 99th percentile).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Yao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Quality Standards Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sun-An Yan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Quality Standards Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Minmin Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Quality Standards Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunyun Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Quality Standards Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meizhen Chen
- Institute of Quality Standards Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiu Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Quality Standards Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
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2
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Na Nagara V, Sarkar D, Luo Q, Biswas JK, Datta R. Health Risk Assessment of Exposure to Trace Elements from Drinking Black and Green Tea Marketed in Three Countries. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2970-2982. [PMID: 34378169 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02863-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Although tea can be beneficial for our health, consuming excess trace elements in tea can be harmful. In this study, the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health risk for trace elements in tea influenced by the country of origin, tea type, and infusion process was assessed. Tea (Camellia sinensis) purchased from China, India, and the USA, including black and green tea, were analyzed for essential micronutrients (Cu, Se, and Zn) and nonessential trace elements (Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, and Pb) in leaves and three types of infusions. The results showed that country of origin, tea type, and infusion process had a significant influence on the trace element contents in tea leaves and infusions, also on health risk. Country of origin had a significant influence on Ba, Cr, Pb, and Zn contents in tea leaves and on As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn contents in tea infusions. Black tea had significantly higher (p < 0.05) Cr and Cu content in tea leaves than green tea, but only Cr content was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of green tea in tea infusion. The trace element contents were the highest in the first infusion and decreased as the number of infusion steps increased. The results showed that the consumption of tea infusion was not likely to cause noncarcinogenic risk. However, the carcinogenic risk for As was of concern. Our results indicate that avoiding drinking the first infusion can help to reduce both carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health risks for trace elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viravid Na Nagara
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Dibyendu Sarkar
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA.
| | - Qingzi Luo
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- Department of Ecological Studies & International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Rupali Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
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3
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Karuk Elmas SN. A simple and rapid determination of Al(III) in natural water samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction after complexation with a novel antipyrine-based Schiff base reagent. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 194:47. [PMID: 34970705 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09701-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is the development of a novel strategy for the determination of Al3+ ions using the combination of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The method is grounded in the complexation between a novel antipyrine-based Schiff base reagent (EHMP) and Al3+ ions. Aluminum concentrations were detected using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at 260 nm and this technique was optimized using the absorbance value of EHMP-Al complex. pH, mixing period, type and volume of organic solvent, etc. were optimized stepwise in order to find out optimum experimental conditions. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification values for the improved analytical method were to be estimated 0.31 and 1.03 μmol.L-1, respectively. The new strategy was successfully performed to define Al3+ ions in natural water samples with RSD values (84.01-107.71%) and recovery values (0.01-0.09%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukriye Nihan Karuk Elmas
- Department of Chemistry, Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70100, Karaman, Turkey.
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Non-Carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment due to Fluoride Exposure from Tea Consumption in Iran Using Monte Carlo Simulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16214261. [PMID: 31684036 PMCID: PMC6862652 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Excessive intake of fluoride can cause adverse health effects. Consumption of tea as a popular drink could be a potential source of fluoride exposure to humans. This research aimed to evaluate the fluoride concentration in tea among the Iranian people using the available data in the literature and to assess the health risk related to the consumption of tea in men, women, and children. The health risk assessment was conducted using the chronic daily intake and hazard quotient according to the approach suggested by the Environmental Protection Agency. The fluoride content in published studies varied noticeably, ranging from 0.13 to 3.27 mg/L. The results revealed that the hazard quotient (HQ) in age groups of women (21-72 years) and children (0-11 years) was within the safe zone (HQ < 1) which showed that there was no potential of non-carcinogenic risk associated with drinking tea in these groups. However, in one case of the men (21-72 years), the HQ > 1 which shows a probable risk of fluorosis. The order of non-carcinogenic health risks in the studied groups was in the order of men > women > children. The results of this can be useful for organizations with the responsibility of human health promotion.
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Zhang L, Zhang J, Chen L, Liu T, Ma G, Liu X. Influence of manufacturing process on the contents of iron, copper, chromium, nickel and manganese elements in Crush, Tear and Curl black tea, their transfer rates and health risk assessment. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Dalipi R, Borgese L, Tsuji K, Bontempi E, Depero LE. Elemental analysis of teas, herbs and their infusions by means of total reflection X-ray fluorescence. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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7
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Karak T, Kutu FR, Nath JR, Sonar I, Paul RK, Boruah RK, Sanyal S, Sabhapondit S, Dutta AK. Micronutrients (B, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn) content in made tea (Camellia sinensis L.) and tea infusion with health prospect: A critical review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:2996-3034. [PMID: 26478953 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1083534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is a perennial acidophilic crop, and known to be a nonalcoholic stimulating beverage that is most widely consumed after water. The aim of this review paper is to provide a detailed documentation of selected micronutrient contents, viz. boron (B), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), and zinc (Zn) in made tea and tea infusion. Available data from the literature were used to calculate human health aspect associated with the consumption of tea infusion. A wide range of micronutrients reported in both made tea and tea infusion could be the major sources of micronutrients for human. The content of B, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn in made tea are ranged from 3.04 to 58.44 μg g-1, below detectable limit (BDL) to 122.4 μg g-1, BDL to 602 μg g-1, 0.275 to 13,040 μg g-1, 0.004 to 15,866 μg g-1, 0.04 to 570.80 μg g-1 and 0.01 to 1120 μg g-1, respectively. Only 3.2 μg L-1 to 7.25 mg L-1, 0.01 μg L-1 to 7 mg L-1, 3.80 μg L-1 to 6.13 mg L-1, 135.59 μg L-1 -11.05 mg L-1, 0.05 μg L-1 to 1980.34 mg L-1, 0.012 to 3.78 μg L-1, and 1.12 μg L-1 to 2.32 μg L-1 of B, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn, respectively, are found in tea infusion which are lower than the prescribed limit of micronutrients in drinking water by World Health Organization. Furthermore, micronutrient contents in tea infusion depend on infusion procedure as well as on the instrument used for analysis. The proportion of micronutrients found in different tea types are 1.0-88.9% for B, 10-60% for Co, 2.0-97.8% for Cu, 67.8-89.9% for Fe, 71.0-87.4% for Mn, 13.3-34% for Mo, and 34.9-83% for Zn. From the results, it can also be concluded that consumption of three cups of tea infusion per day does not have any adverse effect on human health with respect to the referred micronutrients rather got beneficial effects to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Karak
- a Upper Assam Advisory Centre , Tea Research Association , Assam , India
| | - Funso Raphael Kutu
- b Department of Crop Science, School of Agricultural Sciences , North West University, Mafikeng Campus , Mmabatho , South Africa
| | - Jyoti Rani Nath
- a Upper Assam Advisory Centre , Tea Research Association , Assam , India
| | - Indira Sonar
- a Upper Assam Advisory Centre , Tea Research Association , Assam , India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Paul
- c Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute , New Delhi , India
| | | | - Sandip Sanyal
- d Department of Tea Processing and Manufacturing Advisory , Tea Research Association, Tocklai Tea Research Institute , Jorhat , Assam , India
| | - Santanu Sabhapondit
- e Department of Biochemistry , Tea Research Association, Tocklai Tea Research Institute , Jorhat , Assam , India
| | - Amrit Kumar Dutta
- a Upper Assam Advisory Centre , Tea Research Association , Assam , India
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Ahmadi M, Jorfi S, Azarmansuri A, Jaafarzadeh N, Mahvi AH, Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani R, Akbari H, Akhbarizadeh R. Zoning of heavy metal concentrations including Cd, Pb and As in agricultural soils of Aghili plain, Khuzestan province, Iran. Data Brief 2017; 14:20-27. [PMID: 28761913 PMCID: PMC5522919 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil is an important component of life cycle affecting agriculture and food crops. Quality of soil resources is defined according to their potential impact on human health by exposure of harmful constituents through the food chain. Heavy metals especially As, Pb and Cd are among the most hazardous elements which could be released to the top soil through different wastewaters, fertilizers, herbicides and etc. In this research Aghili plain in Khuzestan province, Iran was selected as a total of 54 samples were prepared based on a systematic gridding procedure. Selected heavy metals concentrations were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and then zoning was performed using kriging method. Pollution level was assessed through single factor indices and pollution load index. A separate map dealing with each heavy metal was prepared to present the distribution of heavy metal in Aghili plain. In all samples the heavy metals concentrations were followed the bellow trend: Pb>As>Cd. Furthermore, based on the PLI, all stations were categorized as moderately to highly polluted sites (1<PLI<4). Due to toxic effects of mentioned heavy metal for human health, furture monitoring, some control measures and remedial actions should be undertaken in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ahmadi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sahand Jorfi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amaneh Azarmansuri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nematollah Jaafarzadeh
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amir Hosein Mahvi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamideh Akbari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Promotion Research Center and School of Public health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Razegheh Akhbarizadeh
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, 71454 Shiraz, Iran
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Karak T, Paul RK, Kutu FR, Mehra A, Khare P, Dutta AK, Bora K, Boruah RK. Comparative Assessment of Copper, Iron, and Zinc Contents in Selected Indian (Assam) and South African (Thohoyandou) Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Samples and Their Infusion: A Quest for Health Risks to Consumer. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 175:475-487. [PMID: 27339254 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study aims to assess the infusion pattern of three important micronutrients namely copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) contents from black tea samples produced in Assam (India) and Thohoyandou (South Africa). Average daily intakes and hazardous quotient were reported for these micronutrients. Total content for Cu, Fe, and Zn varied from 2.25 to 48.82 mg kg-1, 14.75 to 148.18 mg kg-1, and 28.48 to 106.68 mg kg-1, respectively. The average contents of each of the three micronutrients were higher in tea leaves samples collected from South Africa than those from India while the contents in tea infusions in Indian samples were higher than in South African tea samples. Results of this study revealed that the consumption of 600 mL tea infusion produced from 24 g of made tea per day may be beneficial to human in terms of these micronutrients content. Application of nonparametric tests revealed that most of the data sets do not satisfy the normality assumptions. Hence, the use of both parametric and nonparametric statistical analysis that subsequently revealed significant differences in elemental contents among Indian and South African tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Karak
- Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Dikom, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786101, India.
| | - Ranjit Kumar Paul
- Division of Statistical Genetics, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Funso Raphael Kutu
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Aradhana Mehra
- Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, DE221GB, Derby, UK
| | - Puja Khare
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Amrit Kumar Dutta
- Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Dikom, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786101, India
| | - Krishnamoni Bora
- Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Dikom, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786101, India
| | - Romesh Kumar Boruah
- Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Dikom, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786101, India
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Multivariate data reduction and discrimination of black and green teas due to the physical fractionation pattern of selected metals determined in their infusions. Talanta 2016; 160:314-324. [PMID: 27591619 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An analytical scheme for the physical fractionation of Al, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Sr and Zn in black and green teas infusions was proposed. It was based on the ultrafiltration/centrifugation through five membranes having molecular weight cut-offs of 100, 50, 30, 10 and 5kDa. The concentrations of the studied metals in the highest and the lowest molecular weight fractions were found to classify and discriminate the analyzed teas infusions much better than the total metals concentrations. The differences in the physical fractionation patterns of these metals assessed for both tea varieties was profound and let to simply classify the infusions of different black and green teas by principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis.
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Mahvi AH, Yousefi N, Meserghani M, Bahrami H. Assessment of Human Health Risk for Heavy Metals in Imported Rice and its Daily Intake in Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/rjet.2016.75.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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12
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Ghoochani M, Shekoohiyan S, Yunesian M, Nazmara S, Mahvi AH. Determination of aluminum and zinc in infusion tea cultivated in north of Iran. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2015; 13:49. [PMID: 26085934 PMCID: PMC4470039 DOI: 10.1186/s40201-015-0196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
To determine aluminum and zinc levels in black tea cultivated in north of Iran, 105 black tea samples were collected from the tea growing regions of Guilan and Mazandaran provinces and were analyzed for Al and Zn concentration of tea infusion. Contents of all elements were analyzed three times separately by using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP - AES). The solubility of Al and Zn in infusions at 5, 15 and 60 min with boiling water showed that the mean level of Al in the third infusion was the highest (262.09 mg/kg) and in the first infusion was the lowest (169.40 mg/kg). The mean level of Zn in the third infusion was the highest (51.40 mg/kg) and in the second infusion was the lowest (48.33 mg/kg). The analysis of results also showed that the location factor influences the contents of these metals at different infusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Ghoochani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakine Shekoohiyan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar- Abbas, Iran
| | - Masoud Yunesian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Nazmara
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahvi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Aghamirlou HM, Khadem M, Rahmani A, Sadeghian M, Mahvi AH, Akbarzadeh A, Nazmara S. Heavy metals determination in honey samples using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2015; 13:39. [PMID: 26045967 PMCID: PMC4456044 DOI: 10.1186/s40201-015-0189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Honey contains a complex mixture of carbohydrates and other minor substances. Elements are minor constituents of honey that may threaten the human health in excess concentrations. So, determining the metals in honey helps its quality control as a food product. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of some metals in Iranian honey. METHODS This study was performed in four regions of Ardabil, a province of Iran. Honey samples (n = 25) were digested in microwave oven by nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide, then analyzed using inductively coupled plasma- optic emission spectrophotometry (ICP-OES). RESULTS No significant differences were observed in cadmium, zinc, nickel, and chromium levels between regions (P > 0.05). Zinc was the most abundant metal in honey samples (1481.64 μg/kg). Some metals had higher concentrations in the East region because of existence more industries there. The highest mean of lead level was 935.48 μg/kg in the East and the lowest was 205.4 μg/kg in the South region. The concentrations of metals were compared with recommended limits for foods. Some of them were higher than standard levels (lead) and some were lower than those (cadmium). CONCLUSIONS Metals are released into the environment through their use in industrial processes and enter the food chain from uptake by plants from contaminated soil or water. Metals concentration in various places depends on many variables, leading to their different concentrations in honey. Some control measures like the quality control of food products, monitoring the soil in agricultural regions and limiting the use of fertilizers are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Mohammadi Aghamirlou
- />Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina St, Keshavarz Blvd, PO BOX: 6446-14155, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Khadem
- />Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolrasoul Rahmani
- />Department of Occupational HealthEngineering, School of Health and Nutrition, Shiraz University ofMedical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Sadeghian
- />Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, International Campus, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahvi
- />Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina St, Keshavarz Blvd, PO BOX: 6446-14155, Tehran, Iran
- />Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Akbarzadeh
- />Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Nazmara
- />Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina St, Keshavarz Blvd, PO BOX: 6446-14155, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Determination of lead, cadmium and arsenic in infusion tea cultivated in north of Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2012; 9:37. [PMID: 23369381 PMCID: PMC3561104 DOI: 10.1186/1735-2746-9-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Tea is one of the most common drinks in all over the world. Rapid urbanization and industrialization in recent decades has increased heavy metals in tea and other foods. In this research, heavy metal contents such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) were determined in 105 black tea samples cultivated in Guilan and Mazandaran Provinces in north of Iran and their tea infusions. The amount of heavy metals in black tea infusions were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP - AES). The mean ± SD level of Pb in 5, 15 and 60 min in infusion tea samples were 0.802 ± 0.633, 0.993 ± 0.667 and 1.367 ± 1.06 mg/kg of tea dry weight, respectively. The mean level of Cd in 5, 15 and 60 min in infusion tea samples were 0.135 ± 0.274, 0.244 ± 0.46 and 0.343 ± 0.473 mg/kg of tea dry weight, respectively. The mean level of As in 5, 15 and 60 min in infusion tea samples were 0.277 ± 0.272, 0.426 ± 0.402 and 0.563 ± 0.454 mg/kg of tea dry weight, respectively. Also, the results showed that the locations and the infusion times influenced upon the amount of these metals (P < 0.05).
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Nazemi L, Nazmara S, Eshraghyan MR, Nasseri S, Djafarian K, Yunesian M, Sereshti H, Moameni A, Shahtaheri SJ. Selenium status in soil, water and essential crops of Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2012; 9:11. [PMID: 23369199 PMCID: PMC3561092 DOI: 10.1186/1735-2746-9-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstracts As a contributing factor to health, the trace element selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient of special interest for humans and all animals. It is estimated that 0.5 to 1 billion people worldwide suffer from Se deficiency. In spite of the important role of Se, its concentrations in soil, water and essential crops have not been studied in Iran. Therefore, the main aim of the current study was to determine the Se content of soil, water, and essential crops (rice in North, wheat in Center, date, and pistachio in South) of different regions of Iran. Sampling was performed in the North, South, and Central regions of Iran. In each selected area in the three regions, 17 samples of surface soil were collected; samples of water and essential crops were also collected at the same sampling points. Upon preliminary preparation of all samples, the Se concentrations were measured by ICP-OES Model Varian Vista-MPX. The amount of soil-Se was found to be in the range between 0.04 and 0.45 ppm in the studied areas; the Se content of soil in the central region of Iran was the highest compared to other regions (p<0.0001). The average Se concentration in irrigation water of different areas was less than 0.01 mg/L, and the mean concentrations of Se in the rice, wheat, date, and pistachio samples were 0.95, 0.74, 0.46, and 0.40 ppm, respectively. Although Se-soil and water-Se level in different regions were low, the typical levels of Se in the essential crops were relatively high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyly Nazemi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, and Center for Water Quality Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Welna M, Szymczycha-Madeja A, Stelmach E, Pohl P. Speciation and Fractionation of Elements in Tea Infusions. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2012.694730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Aksuner N, Henden E, Aker Z, Engin E, Satik S. Determination of essential and non-essential elements in various tea leaves and tea infusions consumed in Turkey. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2012; 5:126-32. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2012.675592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Mahani MK, Maragheh MG. Simultaneous Determination of Sodium, Potassium, Manganese and Bromine in Tea by Standard Addition Neutron Activation Analysis. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-009-9120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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