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Pasqualini V, Garrido M, Cecchi P, Connès C, Couté A, El Rakwe M, Henry M, Hervio-Heath D, Quilichini Y, Simonnet J, Rinnert E, Vitré T, Galgani F. Harmful algae and pathogens on plastics in three mediterranean coastal lagoons. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13654. [PMID: 36895393 PMCID: PMC9988496 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastic is now a pervasive pollutant in all marine ecosystems. The microplastics and macroplastic debris were studied in three French Mediterranean coastal lagoons (Prevost, Biguglia and Diana lagoons), displaying different environmental characteristics. In addition, biofilm samples were analyzed over the seasons to quantify and identify microalgae communities colonizing macroplastics, and determine potentially harmful microorganisms. Results indicate low but highly variable concentrations of microplastics, in relation to the period and location of sampling. Micro-Raman spectroscopy analyses revealed that the majority of macroplastic debris corresponded to polyethylene (PE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and to a far lesser extent to polypropylene (PP). The observations by Scanning Electron Microscopy of microalgae communities colonizing macroplastic debris demonstrated differences depending on the seasons, with higher amounts in spring and summer, but without any variation between lagoons and polymers. Among the Diatomophyceae, the most dominant genera were Amphora spp., Cocconeis spp., and Navicula spp.. Cyanobacteria and Dinophyceae such as Prorocentrum cordatum, a potentially toxic species, were also found sporadically. The use of Primer specific DNA amplification tools enabled us to detect potentially harmful microorganisms colonizing plastics, such as Alexandrium minutum or Vibrio spp. An additional in situ experiment performed over one year revealed an increase in the diversity of colonizing microalgae in relation to the duration of immersion for the three tested polymers PE, LDPE and polyethylene terephthalates (PET). Vibrio settled durably after two weeks of immersion, whatever the polymer. This study confirms that Mediterranean coastal lagoons are vulnerable to the presence of macroplastic debris that may passively host and transport various species, including some potentially harmful algal and bacterial microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanina Pasqualini
- UMR SPE CNRS - UMS Stella Mare CNRS, University of Corsica, BP 52, 20250, Corte, France
| | - Marie Garrido
- Environmental Agency of Corsica, 7 Avenue Jean Nicoli, 20250, Corte, France
| | - Philippe Cecchi
- UMR MARBEC, IRD CNRS IFREMER, University of Montpellier, CC093, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Coralie Connès
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence-Azur-Corse (LER/PAC), Station de Bastia, Zone Industrielle de Furiani, 20600, Bastia, France
| | - Alain Couté
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Département RDDM, FRE 3206, USM 505, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Maria El Rakwe
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Détection, Capteurs et Mesures (LDCM), Centre Bretagne, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Maryvonne Henry
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence-Azur-Corse (LER/PAC), Station de Toulon, Zone Portuaire de Brégaillon, CS 20330, 83507, La Seyne sur Mer, France
| | - Dominique Hervio-Heath
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des Poissons (LARN), Centre Bretagne, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Yann Quilichini
- UMR SPE CNRS - UMS Stella Mare CNRS, University of Corsica, BP 52, 20250, Corte, France
| | - Jérémy Simonnet
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Santé, Environnement et Microbiologie (LSEM), Centre Bretagne, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Emmanuel Rinnert
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Cycle Géochimique et Ressources (LCG), Centre Bretagne, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Thomas Vitré
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des Poissons (LARN), Centre Bretagne, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - François Galgani
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence-Azur-Corse (LER/PAC), Station de Bastia, Zone Industrielle de Furiani, 20600, Bastia, France
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Martínez-Megías C, Rico A. Biodiversity impacts by multiple anthropogenic stressors in Mediterranean coastal wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151712. [PMID: 34800444 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean coastal wetlands are considered biodiversity hot-spots and contain a high number of endemic species. The biodiversity of these ecosystems is endangered by several pressures resulting from agricultural and urban expansion, climate change, and the alteration of their hydrological cycle. In this study we assess the state-of-the-art regarding the impact of several stressor groups on the biodiversity of Mediterranean coastal wetlands (i.e., lagoons, marshes, estuaries). Particularly, we describe the impacts of eutrophication, chemical pollution, invasive species, salinization, and temperature rise, and analyze the existing literature regarding the impact of multiple stressors on these ecosystems. Our study denotes a clear asymmetry both in terms of study areas and stressors evaluated. The majority of studies focus on lagoons and estuaries of the north-west parts of the Mediterranean basin, while the African and the Asian coast have been less represented. Eutrophication and chemical pollution were the most studied stressors compared to others like temperature rise or species invasions. Most studies evaluating these stressors individually show direct or indirect effects on the biodiversity of primary producers and invertebrate communities, and changes in species dominance patterns that contribute to a decline of endemic populations. The few available studies addressing stressor interactions have shown non-additive responses, which are important to define appropriate ecosystem management and restoration measures. Finally, we propose research needs to advance our understanding on the impacts of anthropogenic stressors on Mediterranean coastal wetlands and to guide future interventions to protect biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Martínez-Megías
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; University of Alcalá, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona KM 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, c/ Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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Geffroy S, Lechat MM, Le Gac M, Rovillon GA, Marie D, Bigeard E, Malo F, Amzil Z, Guillou L, Caruana AMN. From the sxtA4 Gene to Saxitoxin Production: What Controls the Variability Among Alexandrium minutum and Alexandrium pacificum Strains? Front Microbiol 2021; 12:613199. [PMID: 33717003 PMCID: PMC7944994 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.613199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is a human foodborne syndrome caused by the consumption of shellfish that accumulate paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs, saxitoxin group). In PST-producing dinoflagellates such as Alexandrium spp., toxin synthesis is encoded in the nuclear genome via a gene cluster (sxt). Toxin production is supposedly associated with the presence of a 4th domain in the sxtA gene (sxtA4), one of the core genes of the PST gene cluster. It is postulated that gene expression in dinoflagellates is partially constitutive, with both transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes potentially co-occurring. Therefore, gene structure and expression mode are two important features to explore in order to fully understand toxin production processes in dinoflagellates. In this study, we determined the intracellular toxin contents of twenty European Alexandrium minutum and Alexandrium pacificum strains that we compared with their genome size and sxtA4 gene copy numbers. We observed a significant correlation between the sxtA4 gene copy number and toxin content, as well as a moderate positive correlation between the sxtA4 gene copy number and genome size. The 18 toxic strains had several sxtA4 gene copies (9-187), whereas only one copy was found in the two observed non-toxin producing strains. Exploration of allelic frequencies and expression of sxtA4 mRNA in 11 A. minutum strains showed both a differential expression and specific allelic forms in the non-toxic strains compared with the toxic ones. Also, the toxic strains exhibited a polymorphic sxtA4 mRNA sequence between strains and between gene copies within strains. Finally, our study supported the hypothesis of a genetic determinism of toxin synthesis (i.e., the existence of several genetic isoforms of the sxtA4 gene and their copy numbers), and was also consistent with the hypothesis that constitutive gene expression and moderation by transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms are the cause of the observed variability in the production of toxins by A. minutum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dominique Marie
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Estelle Bigeard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | | | | | - Laure Guillou
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
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Rijal Leblad B, Amnhir R, Reqia S, Sitel F, Daoudi M, Marhraoui M, Ouelad Abdellah MK, Veron B, Er-Raioui H, Laabir M. Seasonal variations of phytoplankton assemblages in relation to environmental factors in Mediterranean coastal waters of Morocco, a focus on HABs species. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 96:101819. [PMID: 32560833 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Studies on phytoplankton and in particular Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) species in southern Mediterranean waters are scarce. We performed from April 2008 to June 2009 weekly investigations on microphytoplankton community structure and abundance in two contrasted marine ecosystems located in the western Moroccan Mediterranean coast, M'diq Bay and Oued Laou Estuary. Simultaneously, we measured the main physico-chemical parameters. Globally, the two studied areas showed comparable values of the assessed abiotic environmental factors. Temperature and salinity followed seasonal variation with values ranging from 13.5 °C to 21.4 °C and 31 to 36.8, respectively. Average nutrient values in surface water ranged from 0.7 to 45.76 μM for dissolved inorganic nitrogen, 0.02-2.10 μM for PO4 and 0.23-17.46 μM for SiO4 in the study areas. A total of 92 taxa belonging to 8 taxonomic classes were found. The highest number of microphytoplankton abundance reached 1.2 × 106 cells L-1 with diatoms being the most abundant taxa. Factorial Discriminant Analysis (FDA) and Spearman correlation test showed a significant seasonal discrimination of dominant microphytoplankton species. These micro-organisms were associated with different environmental variables, in particular temperature and salinity. Numerous HABs species were encountered regularly along the year. Although Dinophysis species and Prorocentrum lima were present in both sites, no Lipophilic Shellfish Poisoning was detected for the analyzed bivalve mollusks. Domoic acid (DA), produced by toxic species of Pseudo-nitzschia was found with concentrations up to 18 µg DA g-1 in the smooth clam Callista chione. Data showed that the observed persistent and dramatic Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) intoxication of mollusks resulted probably of Gymnodinium catenatum proliferations in both studied areas. Contrary to C. chione, the cockle Achanthocardia tuberculatum showed a permanent and extremely high toxicity level during the 15 months survey with up to 7545 µg Equivalent Saxitoxin kg-1 flesh (ten times higher than the sanitary threshold of 800 µg eqSTX Kg-1flesh). The present work highlights for the first time the dynamic of microphytoplankton including HABs species and their associated toxin accumulation in the commercially exploited shellfish in the southern western Mediterranean waters of Morocco. Furthermore, the acquired data will help us to improve the monitoring of HABs species and related toxins in these coastal marine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benlahcen Rijal Leblad
- Laboratoire de Surveillance et Suivi du Milieu Marin, Centre Régional de Tanger., Institut National de Recherche Halieutique, Km 7, Route Ksar Sghir. Malabata. B.P 5268. Dradeb, Tanger 90000, Morocco
| | - Rachid Amnhir
- Institut National de Recherche Halieutique, Route de Sidi Abderrahmane, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sagou Reqia
- Institut National de Recherche Halieutique, Route de Sidi Abderrahmane, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Ferdaous Sitel
- Université Abdelmalek Saadi, Faculté Sciences, Tanger, Morocco
| | - Mouna Daoudi
- Laboratoire de Surveillance et Suivi du Milieu Marin, Centre Régional de Tanger., Institut National de Recherche Halieutique, Km 7, Route Ksar Sghir. Malabata. B.P 5268. Dradeb, Tanger 90000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Marhraoui
- Laboratoire de Surveillance et Suivi du Milieu Marin, Centre Régional de Tanger., Institut National de Recherche Halieutique, Km 7, Route Ksar Sghir. Malabata. B.P 5268. Dradeb, Tanger 90000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Karim Ouelad Abdellah
- Laboratoire de Surveillance et Suivi du Milieu Marin, Centre Régional de Tanger., Institut National de Recherche Halieutique, Km 7, Route Ksar Sghir. Malabata. B.P 5268. Dradeb, Tanger 90000, Morocco
| | - Benoît Veron
- BioMEA BFA - Université de Caen, Basse-Normandie, Caen, France
| | | | - Mohamed Laabir
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France.
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Lewis AM, Coates LN, Turner AD, Percy L, Lewis J. A review of the global distribution of Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae) and comments on ecology and associated paralytic shellfish toxin profiles, with a focus on Northern Europe. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2018; 54:581-598. [PMID: 30047623 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Alexandrium minutum is a globally distributed harmful algal bloom species with many strains that are known to produce paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) and consequently represent a concern to human and ecosystem health. This review highlights that A. minutum typically occurs in sheltered locations, with cell growth occurring during periods of stable water conditions. Sediment characteristics are important in the persistence of this species within a location, with fine sediments providing cyst deposits for ongoing inoculation to the water column. Toxic strains of A. minutum do not produce a consistent toxin profile, different populations produce a range of PSTs in differing quantities. Novel cluster analysis of published A. minutum toxin profiles indicates five PST profile clusters globally. Some clusters are grouped geographically (Northern Europe) while others are widely spread. Isolates from Taiwan have a range of toxin profile clusters and this area appears to have the most diverse set of PST producing A. minutum populations. These toxin profiles indicate that within the United Kingdom there are two populations of A. minutum grouping with strains from Northern France and Southern Ireland. There is a degree of interconnectivity in this region due to oceanic circulation and a high level of shipping and recreational boating. Further research into the interrelationships between the A. minutum populations in this global region would be of value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Michael Lewis
- Cefas, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT48UB, UK
- Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, W1W6UW, UK
| | | | - Andrew D Turner
- Cefas, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT48UB, UK
| | - Linda Percy
- Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, W1W6UW, UK
| | - Jane Lewis
- Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, W1W6UW, UK
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Pesce M, Critto A, Torresan S, Giubilato E, Santini M, Zirino A, Ouyang W, Marcomini A. Modelling climate change impacts on nutrients and primary production in coastal waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:919-937. [PMID: 30045581 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There is high confidence that the anthropogenic increase of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs) is causing modifications in the Earth's climate. Coastal waterbodies such as estuaries, bays and lagoons are among those most affected by the ongoing changes in climate. Being located at the land-sea interface, such waterbodies are subjected to the combined changes in the physical-chemical processes of atmosphere, upstream land and coastal waters. Particularly, climate change is expected to alter phytoplankton communities by changing their environmental drivers (especially climate-related), thus exacerbating the symptoms of eutrophication events, such as hypoxia, harmful algal blooms (HAB) and loss of habitat. A better understanding of the links between climate-related drivers and phytoplankton is therefore necessary for projecting climate change impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Here we present the case study of the Zero river basin in Italy, one of the main contributors of freshwater and nutrient to the salt-marsh Palude di Cona, a coastal waterbody belonging to the lagoon of Venice. To project the impacts of climate change on freshwater inputs, nutrient loadings and their effects on the phytoplankton community of the receiving waterbody, we formulated and applied an integrated modelling approach made of: climate simulations derived by coupling a General Circulation Model (GCM) and a Regional Climate Model (RCM) under alternative emission scenarios, the hydrological model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the ecological model AQUATOX. Climate projections point out an increase of precipitations in the winter period and a decrease in the summer months, while temperature shows a significant increase over the whole year. Water discharge and nutrient loads simulated by SWAT show a tendency to increase (decrease) in the winter (summer) period. AQUATOX projects changes in the concentration of nutrients in the salt-marsh Palude di Cona, and variations in the biomass and species of the phytoplankton community.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pesce
- University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Italy
| | - A Critto
- University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Italy; Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Italy.
| | - S Torresan
- University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Italy; Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Italy
| | | | - M Santini
- Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Italy
| | - A Zirino
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, CA, USA
| | - W Ouyang
- Beijing Normal University, China
| | - A Marcomini
- University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Italy; Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Italy
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Hachani MA, Dhib A, Fathalli A, Ziadi B, Turki S, Aleya L. Harmful epiphytic dinoflagellate assemblages on macrophytes in the Gulf of Tunis. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 77:29-42. [PMID: 30005800 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The spatio-temporal distribution of epiphytic and planktonic microalgae coupled with environmental factors was investigated for a one-year period in the Gulf of Tunis (northeastern Tunisia). Harmful microalgae assemblages were dominated by three toxic epiphytic dinoflagellates: Ostreopsis sp., Prorocentrum lima and Coolia monotis. They were observed, both on macrophytes (1.03 × 105 cells g-1 FW ; 1.3 × 104 cells g-1 FW and 865 cells g-1 FW, respectively) and in the water column (2.35 × 104 cells L-1; 3.72 × 103 cells L-1; 1.04 × 103 cells L-1, respectively). Species abundances decreased with depth and maximum concentrations were found in shallow waters (0.5-1 m). The highest species abundance was registered both on macroalgae and seagrass with no special preference observed for either of these substrates. Redundancy analyses (RDA) show significant changes in these species abundances according to sites and seasons. The proliferation of Ostreopsis sp. is widespread in summer, when water temperature is warm, and especially in bay zones. The occurrence of P. lima and C. monotis blooms was mainly correlated to nutrients. In this study, macrophyte beds in the Gulf of Tunis were a reservoir of potentially toxic species that could pose a real threat, both to ecosystems and to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Amine Hachani
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Centre la Goulette, Tunisie et la Faculté desSciencesde Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, University of Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Amel Dhib
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Centre la Goulette, Tunisie et la Faculté desSciencesde Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, University of Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Afef Fathalli
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Centre la Goulette, Tunisie et la Faculté desSciencesde Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Boutheina Ziadi
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Centre la Goulette, Tunisie et la Faculté desSciencesde Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Souad Turki
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Centre la Goulette, Tunisie et la Faculté desSciencesde Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, University of Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon, France.
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Alkawri A. Seasonal variation in composition and abundance of harmful dinoflagellates in Yemeni waters, southern Red Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 112:225-234. [PMID: 27555482 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
General abundance and species composition of a dinoflagellate community in Yemeni coastal waters of Al Salif (southern Red Sea) were studied with a view to understand the annual variations in particular the toxic species. Dinoflagellates were more abundant among phytoplankton. Thirty five dinoflagellate taxa were identified, among which 12 were reported as potentially toxic species. A significant change in seasonal abundance was recorded with the maximum (2.27∗106cellsl-1) in May, and the minimum (2.50∗102cellsl-1) recorded in January. Kryptoperidinium foliaceum, which was reported for the first time from the Red Sea, was the most abundant species with a maximum in May 2013 (2.26∗106cellsl-1). Spearman's rank correlation analysis indicates that, total harmful dinoflagellate cells, K. foliaceum, Prorocentrum gracile and Prorocentrum micans were significantly correlated with temperature. This study suggests that Yemeni waters should be monitored to investigate harmful species and to identify areas and seasons at higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulsalam Alkawri
- Department of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Environment, Hodeidah University, Republic of Yemen.
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Dhib A, Fertouna-Bellakhal M, Turki S, Aleya L. Driving factors of dinoflagellate cyst distribution in surface sediments of a Mediterranean lagoon with limited access to the sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 112:303-312. [PMID: 27502361 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal distribution of dinoflagellate cysts were studied at five surface sediment study stations in Ghar El Melh Lagoon (GML) (Tunisia) in relation to physicochemical parameters and phytoplankton abundance in the water column. At least sixteen dinocyst types were identified, dominated mainly by Protoperidinium spp., Scrippsiella trochoidea complex, Lingulodinum machaerophorum, Alexandrium spp. and Gymnodinium spp., along with many round brown cysts. Cyst abundance ranged from 0 to 229g-1 dry sediment. No significant differences in cyst distribution were found among stations, though a significant variation was observed among seasons with cyst dominance in autumn. No significant variation was found between cyst abundance and the different abiotic factors monitored, neither in the water column (physicochemical parameters) nor in the sediment (% H2O). Low dinocyst abundance was consistent with the dominance of non-cyst-forming dinoflagellates in the GML water column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Dhib
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, France; Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Laboratoire Milieu Marin, Centre la Goulette, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Fertouna-Bellakhal
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, France; Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Laboratoire Milieu Marin, Centre la Goulette, Tunisia; Institut Supérieur de Pêche et d'Aquaculture de Bizerte, Unité de recherche: Exploitation des Milieux Aquatiques, Errimel et Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Souad Turki
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Laboratoire Milieu Marin, Centre la Goulette, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, France.
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Ziadi B, Dhib A, Turki S, Aleya L. Bivalve and barnacle larvae distribution driven by water temperature in a Mediterranean lagoon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:7002-7011. [PMID: 25483975 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3918-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the relationships between the distribution of some meroplanktonic species and water temperature. Meroplankton larvae abundance of bivalves, and barnacles and water temperature fluctuations were studied from February 2011 to January 2012 at five stations in Ghar El Melh lagoon (GML) Mediterranean Sea, northern Tunisia). According to redundancy analysis (RDA), a significant difference was found in the distribution of larvae among the seasons (F = 10.28, p < 0.001); summer and autumn appear to be the period of bivalve larvae development, whereas the arrival of barnacle larvae coincided with winter and spring. The generalized additive models (GAMs) show strong correlation of bivalve larvae with high temperature (F = 23.2; p < 0.001) and the affinity of barnacle larvae to low temperature values (F = 8.41; p = 0.004). This environmental parameter accounted for 26 % of the deviance in variability in larvae abundance. The development process of many generations of larvae may therefore have been predetermined by temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boutheina Ziadi
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, F-25030, Besançon, France
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Dugenne M, Thyssen M, Nerini D, Mante C, Poggiale JC, Garcia N, Garcia F, Grégori GJ. Consequence of a sudden wind event on the dynamics of a coastal phytoplankton community: an insight into specific population growth rates using a single cell high frequency approach. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:485. [PMID: 25309523 PMCID: PMC4164007 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton is a key component in marine ecosystems. It is responsible for most of the marine primary production, particularly in eutrophic lagoons, where it frequently blooms. Because they are very sensitive to their environment, the dynamics of these microbial communities has to be observed over different time scales, however, assessment of short term variability is often out of reach of traditional monitoring methods. To overcome these limitations, we set up a Cytosense automated flow cytometer (Cytobuoy b.v.), designed for high frequency monitoring of phytoplankton composition, abundance, cell size, and pigment content, in one of the largest Mediterranean lagoons, the Berre lagoon (South-Eastern France). During October 2011, it recorded the cell optical properties of 12 groups of pico-, nano-, and microphytoplankton. Daily variations in the cluster optical properties were consistent with individual changes observed using microscopic imaging, during the cell cycle. We therefore used an adaptation of the size-structured matrix population model, developed by Sosik et al. (2003) to process the single cell analysis of the clusters and estimate the division rates of 2 dinoflagellate populations before, during, and after a strong wind event. The increase in the estimated in situ daily cluster growth rates suggest that physiological changes in the cells can prevail over the response of abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Dugenne
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, UM 110 Marseille, France
| | - Melilotus Thyssen
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, UM 110 Marseille, France
| | - David Nerini
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, UM 110 Marseille, France
| | - Claude Mante
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, UM 110 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Poggiale
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, UM 110 Marseille, France
| | - Nicole Garcia
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, UM 110 Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Garcia
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, UM 110 Marseille, France
| | - Gérald J Grégori
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, UM 110 Marseille, France
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Khemakhem H, Elloumi J, Ayadi H, Aleya L, Moussa M. Modelling the phytoplankton dynamics in a nutrient-rich solar saltern pond: predicting the impact of restoration and climate change. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:9057-9065. [PMID: 23797709 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An ecological model for the solar saltern of Sfax (Tunisia) was established and validated by comparing simulation results to observed data relative to horizontal distributions of temperature, nutrients and phytoplankton biomass. Sensitivity analysis was performed in order to assess the influence of the main ecological model parameters. First applied at the saltern's pond A1, the model was calibrated with field data measured over 4 years of study (from 2000 to 2003), which allowed an evaluation of parameters such as maximum growth rate of phytoplankton, optimal growth temperature and constant of half saturation for P/N assimilation by phytoplankton. Simulation results showed that the model allowed us to predict realistic phytoplankton variations of the study area, though we were unable to accurately reproduce the nutrient variation. The model was then applied to simulations of the impact of changes in phytoplankton biomass through scenarios such as hypothetic climate changes and saltern restoration.
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Dhib A, Ben Brahim M, Turki S, Aleya L. Contrasting key roles of Ruppia cirrhosa in a southern Mediterranean lagoon: reservoir for both biodiversity and harmful species and indicator of lagoon health status. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 76:116-127. [PMID: 24079921 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of Ruppia cirrhosa meadow density and its epiphytic organisms in relation with environmental factors were studied in summer 2011 at five stations in the Ghar El Melh lagoon (GML; southern Mediterranean Sea). Eleven epiphytic groups were recognised among which diatoms and dinoflagellates were the dominant groups and greatest contributors to temporal dissimilarity. An overwhelming concentrations of harmful microalgae was recorded, mainly represented by the toxic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima with maximal concentrations attaining 6 × 10(5)cells 100g(-1) of Ruppia fresh weight. The epifauna community accounted for only 1.4% of total epiphyte abundance and was comprised predominantly of nematodes (47.51%), ciliates (32.59%), fish eggs (7.2%) and larvae (4.95%). PERMANOVA analyses revealed a significant spatio-temporal variation of all epiphytic groups (p<0.01). In this study, R. cirrhosa and its epiphytes were studied as potential early warning indicators of the health status of GML waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Dhib
- Université de Franche-Comté, Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, France; Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Laboratoire Milieu Marin, Centre la Goulette, Tunisia
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Dhib A, Ben Brahim M, Ziadi B, Akrout F, Turki S, Aleya L. Factors driving the seasonal distribution of planktonic and epiphytic ciliates in a eutrophicated Mediterranean lagoon. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 74:383-395. [PMID: 23850124 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We studied the distribution of planktonic and epiphytic ciliates coupled with environmental factors and microalgae abundance at five stations in Ghar El Melh Lagoon (Tunisia). Planktonic ciliates were monitored for a year and epiphytic ciliates were sampled during summer 2011 in concordance with the proliferation of the seagrass Ruppia cirrhosa. Ciliate assemblage was largely dominated by Spirotrichea followed respectively by Tintinnida of and Strombidiida. No significant difference was found in the distribution of ciliate species among the stations. Redundancy analysis indicates that abiotic factors (temperature and nutriments) have a significant effect on the dynamics of certain ciliates. For epiphytic ciliates, 4 species were identified: Tintinnopsis campanula, Aspidisca sp., Strombidium acutum and Amphorides amphora. Based on PERMANOVA analyses, ciliates exhibit significant correlations among months and stations. According to ACP, epiphyte distribution follows roughly those of R. cirrhosa and pH. Significant correlations were found between harmful dinoflagellates and both planktonic and epiphytic ciliates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Dhib
- Université de Franche-Comté, Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, France; Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Laboratoire Milieu Marin, Centre la Goulette, Tunisia
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Rekik A, Maalej S, Ayadi H, Aleya L. Restoration impact of an uncontrolled phosphogypsum dump site on the seasonal distribution of abiotic variables, phytoplankton and zooplankton along the near shore of the south-western Mediterranean coast. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:3718-3734. [PMID: 23149925 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
'In connection with the Taparura Project, we studied the distribution of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities in relation to environmental variables at 18 stations sampled during four coastal cruises conducted between October 2009 and July 2010 on the north coast of Sfax (Tunisia, western Mediterranean Sea). The inshore location was largely dominated by diatoms (66 %) represented essentially by members of the genera Navicula, Grammatophora, and Licmophora. Dinophyceae were numerically the second largest group and showed an enhanced species richness. Cyanobacteriae developed in association with an important proliferation of colonial Trichodesmium erythraeum, contributing 39.4 % of total phytoplankton abundances. The results suggest that phytoplankters are generally adapted to specific environmental conditions. Copepods were the most abundant zooplankton group (82 %) of total zooplankton. A total of 21 copepod species were identified in all stations, with an overwhelming abundance of Oithona similis in autumn and summer, Euterpina acutifrons in winter, and Oncaea conifera in spring. The phosphogypsum restoration had been acutely necessary allowing dominant zooplankton species to exploit a wide range of food resources including phytoplankton and thus improving water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Rekik
- Département des Sciences de la Vie. Unité de recherche LR/UR/05ES05 Biodiversité et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Route Soukra Km 3.5-BP 1171, CP 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
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