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Forero-López AD, Poza AM, Colombo CV, Morales-Pontet NG, Rimondino GN, Toniolo MA, Malanca FE, Botté SE. Chemical analysis of marine microdebris pollution in macroalgae from the coastal areas of Argentina. Sci Total Environ 2024; 923:171390. [PMID: 38438044 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Marine microdebris (MDs, <5 mm) and mesodebris (MesDs, 5-25 mm), consist of various components, including microplastics (MPs), antifouling or anticorrosive paint particles (APPs), and metallic particles (Mmps), among others. The accumulation of these anthropogenic particles in macroalgae could have significant implications within coastal ecosystems because of the role of macroalgae as primary producers and their subsequent transfer within the trophic chain. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the abundance of MDs and MesDs pollution in different species of macroalgae (P. morrowii, C. rubrum, Ulva spp., and B. minima) and in surface waters from the Southwest Atlantic coast of Argentina to evaluate the ecological damage. MDs and MesDs were chemically characterized using μ-FTIR and SEM/EDX to identify, and assess their environmental impact based on their composition and degree of pollution by MPs, calculating the Polymer Hazard Index (PHI). The prevalence of MDs was higher in foliose species, followed by filamentous and tubular ones, ranging from 0 to 1.22 items/g w.w. for MPs and 0 to 0.85 items/g w.w. for APPs. It was found that macroalgae accumulate a higher proportion of high-density polymers like PAN and PES, as well as APPs based on alkyd, PMMA, and PE resins, whereas a predominance of CE was observed in surrounding waters. Potentially toxic elements, such as Cr, Cu, and Ti, were detected in APPs and MPs, along with the presence of epiplastic communities on the surface of APPs. According to PHI, the presence of high hazard score polymers, such as PAN and PA, increased the overall risk of MP pollution in macroalgae compared to surrounding waters. This study provided a baseline for MDs and MesDs abundance in macroalgae as well as understanding the environmental impact of this debris and their bioaccumulation in the primary link of the coastal trophic chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Forero-López
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), CONICET/UNS, CCT-Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga, km 7.5, Edificio E1, Bahía Blanca B8000FWB, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - A M Poza
- Centro i∼mar and CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile.
| | - C V Colombo
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), CONICET/UNS, CCT-Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga, km 7.5, Edificio E1, Bahía Blanca B8000FWB, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - N G Morales-Pontet
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), CONICET/UNS, CCT-Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga, km 7.5, Edificio E1, Bahía Blanca B8000FWB, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Juan 670, B8000ICN Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - G N Rimondino
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M A Toniolo
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), CONICET/UNS, CCT-Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga, km 7.5, Edificio E1, Bahía Blanca B8000FWB, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Geología, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Juan 670, B8000CPB Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - F E Malanca
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S E Botté
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), CONICET/UNS, CCT-Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga, km 7.5, Edificio E1, Bahía Blanca B8000FWB, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Juan 670, B8000ICN Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Pace G, Lourenço J, Ribeiro CA, Rodrigues C, Pascoal C, Cássio F. Spatial accumulation of flood-driven riverside litter in two Northern Atlantic Rivers. Environ Pollut 2024; 345:123528. [PMID: 38336138 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The escalation of litter accumulation in aquatic environments is recognized as an emerging global concern. Although rivers represent the main conduits for land-based waste into the oceans, the spatial dynamics of litter accumulation in these systems remain poorly investigated, especially after hydro-climatic extreme events. Floods have been identified as major drivers of litter mobilization, including macroplastics, within rivers. However, predicting flood-induced litter accumulation along riverbanks is complex due to the cumulative interplay of multiple environmental (geomorphological and riparian) and anthropogenic factors. Using empirical data collected from 14 stream reaches in two Northern Atlantic rivers in Portugal, our study evaluates which factors, among geomorphological, riparian, and anthropogenic descriptors, best drive riverside litter accumulation after floods. Taking into account the longitudinal gradient and the spatial heterogeneity of the studied reaches, our study enhances how the accumulation and characteristics (type, size) of riverside litter vary across a rural-urban continuum. Our model reveals that the combination of the human population density and the stream slope at river reach showed the highest explanatory power for the accumulation of riverside litter. Our findings indicate that litter tends to be retained close to the source, even under flood conditions. We also found that the structure of riparian vegetation showed low explanatory power for litter accumulation. However, riparian trapping could be influenced by litter input (density and type) which varies with anthropogenic activities. This work highlights the importance of gathering field data to identify critical areas of riverside litter accumulation within river basins. Our findings can further support environmental managers in designing and implementing effective cleanup campaigns and implementing plastic recovery strategies at specific areas. Nevertheless, it is crucial to enhance coordinated efforts across the entire value chain to reduce plastic pollution, promote innovative approaches for plastic litter valorization, and establish effective prevention pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pace
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA) / Aquatic Research Network (ARNET) Associate Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Landscape Laboratory (LL), Rua da Ponte Romana, Creixomil, 4835-095, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - J Lourenço
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA) / Aquatic Research Network (ARNET) Associate Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Landscape Laboratory (LL), Rua da Ponte Romana, Creixomil, 4835-095, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - C A Ribeiro
- Landscape Laboratory (LL), Rua da Ponte Romana, Creixomil, 4835-095, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - C Rodrigues
- Landscape Laboratory (LL), Rua da Ponte Romana, Creixomil, 4835-095, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - C Pascoal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA) / Aquatic Research Network (ARNET) Associate Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - F Cássio
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA) / Aquatic Research Network (ARNET) Associate Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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3
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Wang T, Li B, Shi H, Ding Y, Chen H, Yuan F, Liu R, Zou X. The processes and transport fluxes of land-based macroplastics and microplastics entering the ocean via rivers. J Hazard Mater 2024; 466:133623. [PMID: 38301445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 80% of marine plastic waste originates from land-based sources and enters oceans through rivers. Hence, to create effective regulations, it is crucial to thoroughly examine the processes by which land-based plastic waste flows into marine environments. To this end, this review covers the complete journey of macro- and microplastics from their initial input into rivers to their ultimate release into oceans. Here, we also discuss the primary influencing factors and current popular research topics. Additionally, the principles, applicability, accuracy, uncertainty, and potential improvement of the standard methods used for flux estimation at each stage are outlined. Emission estimates of land-based macro- and microplastics are typically assessed using the emission factor approach, coefficient accounting approach, or material flow analysis. Accurately estimating mismanaged plastic waste is crucial for reducing uncertainty in the macroplastic emission inventory. In our review of the processes by which land-originating plastics enter rivers, we categorized them into two major types: point-source and diffuse-source pollution. Land surface hydrological models simulate transport from diffuse sources to rivers, necessitating further research. Riverine (micro)plastic flux to the ocean is often estimated using monitoring statistics and watershed hydrological models at the watershed scale; however, standardized monitoring methods have not yet been established. At the global scale, algorithms based on river datasets are often used, which require further improvements in river data selection and microplastic number-mass conversion factors. Furthermore, the article summarizes the accuracy and sources of uncertainty of various methods. Future research efforts should focus on quantifying and mitigating uncertainties in resultant projections. Overall, this review deepens our understanding of the processes by which land-based plastic waste enters the ocean and helps scholars efficiently select or improve relevant methods when studying land-ocean transport fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization & Nanjing Outskirts Sea-Atmosphere Interface Field Scientific Observation Research Station & College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China.
| | - Baojie Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yongcheng Ding
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Feng Yuan
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Rongze Liu
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization & Nanjing Outskirts Sea-Atmosphere Interface Field Scientific Observation Research Station & College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Xinqing Zou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Berenstein G, Córdoba P, Díaz YB, González N, Ponce MB, Montserrat JM. Macro, meso, micro and nanoplastics in horticultural soils in Argentina: Abundance, size distribution and fragmentation mechanism. Sci Total Environ 2024; 906:167672. [PMID: 37832668 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with plastics is a major worldwide concern. However, data on plastic pollution in horticultural soils from Latin America is scarce. Furthermore, there is limited information on the fragmentation process that plastics undergo in environmental conditions. In this study, we investigated the abundance of macro, meso, micro and nano plastics in a previously studied horticultural soil (2015) from Buenos Aires, that has not been used for any productive activity since. Although the mass of macroplastics was conserved, the number of plastic fragments per square meter increased significantly, indicating a possible natural fragmentation process. Black polyethylene (PE) mulch film was the most abundant plastic found. For this material, when considering the mass of plastic fragments per square meter, the relative abundance was, in decreasing order: macroplastics (65.1-79.1 %) > mesoplastics (15.6-24.8 %) > microplastics (5.3-12.4 %) > nanoplastics (0.1 %). However, when considering the number of plastic items per square meter, the order was: microplastics (2383-3815) > mesoplastics (1019-1076) > nanoplastics (509-550) > macroplastics (25-46). The size distribution of plastic debris was analyzed using the natural logarithm of abundance versus the square root of the mean decile area, with good linear correlations (0.7749 < R2 < 0.9785). These results provide evidence for an ongoing dynamic fragmentation process (Mott model). We hypothesize that the breakdown of plastic into smaller pieces could be explained by a random fragmentation process based on soil volume changes between natural hydration/dehydration states. These data suggest that soil under natural conditions could act as an 'environmental plastic grinder'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Berenstein
- Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), J. M. Gutiérrez 1150, (B1613GSX), Los Polvorines, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Paulina Córdoba
- Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), J. M. Gutiérrez 1150, (B1613GSX), Los Polvorines, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Yamila B Díaz
- Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), J. M. Gutiérrez 1150, (B1613GSX), Los Polvorines, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás González
- Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), J. M. Gutiérrez 1150, (B1613GSX), Los Polvorines, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén Ponce
- Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), J. M. Gutiérrez 1150, (B1613GSX), Los Polvorines, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier M Montserrat
- Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (UNGS), J. M. Gutiérrez 1150, (B1613GSX), Los Polvorines, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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McGoran AR, Clark PF, Smith BD, Morritt D. Macrolitter and mesolitter in the Thames Estuary: A temporal litter assessment and brand audit of submerged and riverbed debris. Environ Pollut 2023; 337:122484. [PMID: 37659629 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Macroplastic is a growing concern for marine environments with estuaries providing a major pathway for pollution from land-based sources to the sea. In the Thames Estuary, plastic was abundant floating below the surface and on the riverbed, with an average catch per unit effort of 0.57 ± 0.42 and 2.75 ± 2.44 item per minute respectively. Whilst the abundance of litter differed between midwater and benthic zones, the types of products recovered did not. These were identified through visual examination and use of a unique citizen science engagement protocol, allowing for the item age, brand and countries of origin to be established. The majority of litter from the present study (n = 1335) was packaging (40%), some of which was over 30-years old and may have originated from landfill run off. Also abundant was sewage-related debris, the inputs of which was related to heavy or prolonged rainfall. Peaks in this material were recorded in September 2020 following the greatest volume of rain recorded in a single day and in June 2019 after the longest period of continuous rainfall. The Covid-19 pandemic did not influence the abundance or diversity of plastic recovered between December 2018 and September 2020. The durability of plastic ensures it has high potential for harm through entanglement, deoxygenation of sediment and ingestion. The retention in the environment also increases opportunities to fragment into micro- or nanoplastics and, therefore, it is important to monitor plastics at both a macro- and micro-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R McGoran
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK; School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK; The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK.
| | - Paul F Clark
- The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Brian D Smith
- The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - David Morritt
- School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
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Fong J, Lee SHR, Sun Y, Lim CL, Tan YAJ, Tan YH, Neo ML. Litter traps: A comparison of four marine habitats as sinks for anthropogenic marine macro-litter in Singapore. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 196:115645. [PMID: 37862845 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The potential for marine litter being trapped in biodiverse marine habitats such as mangrove forests, seagrass meadows and coral reefs is poorly understood. This study presents the first comprehensive investigation on the status of macro-litter across four marine habitats in Singapore during the two monsoonal seasons. Overall, litter density did not vary considerably between the southwest and the northeast monsoon. The litter density in terms of count was generally lower in seagrass meadows and coral reefs compared to mangroves and beaches. Plastic was the major type of litter found across most habitat types. Notably, many fishing-related items were found on coral reefs, while drinking straws were abundant at the mangrove strandlines during the southwest monsoon. Foam fragments and cigarette butts were common at the beach strandlines. These results suggest that mangroves among other habitats examined here should be prioritised for clean-up efforts in order to restore these critical coastal habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Fong
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore.
| | - Samuel Hsien Rong Lee
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore
| | - Yuchen Sun
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore
| | - Cheng Ling Lim
- Centre for International Law, National University of Singapore, 469A Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 259770, Singapore
| | - Yean Ai Jolin Tan
- Republic Polytechnic, 9 Woodlands Avenue 9, Singapore 738964, Singapore
| | - Yi Hong Tan
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore
| | - Mei Lin Neo
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore.
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Grundlehner A, Diepens NJ, Linders T, Peeters ETHM, Koelmans AA. Towards continuous mass and size distributions for beach plastic litter: Spatiotemporal analyses of abundance and composition. J Hazard Mater 2023; 458:131984. [PMID: 37421860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Beaches are known as hotspots for the accumulation of plastic debris and are widely used for monitoring marine litter on a global scale. However, there is a significant knowledge gap regarding temporal trends in marine plastic pollution. Moreover, existing studies on beach plastics and popular monitoring protocols only provide count data. Consequently, it is not possible to monitor marine litter based on weights, which hampers the further application of beach plastic data. To address these gaps, we conducted an analysis of spatial and temporal trends in plastic abundance and composition using OSPAR beach litter monitoring data from 2001 to 2020. We established size and weight ranges for 75 (macro-)plastic categories to estimate the total plastic weight, enabling us to investigate plastic compositions. While the amount of plastic litter exhibits significant spatial variation, most individual beaches displayed notable temporal trends. The spatial variation in composition is primarily attributed to differences in total plastic abundance. We describe the compositions of beach plastics using generic probability density functions (PDFs) for item size and weight. Our trend analysis, method for estimating plastic weight from count data, and PDFs for beached plastic debris represent novel contributions to the field of plastic pollution science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Grundlehner
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Noël J Diepens
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Theo Linders
- Management, Nature & Landscape department, Central Government Real Estate Agency of the Dutch Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations, Postbus 16169, 2500 BD The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin T H M Peeters
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Albert A Koelmans
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Cunha MC, Tsiaras K, Marques JR, Hatzonikolakis Y, Dias LC, Triantaphyllidis G. A multi-criteria assessment of the implementation of innovative technologies to achieve different levels of microplastics and macroplastics reduction. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 191:114906. [PMID: 37060890 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes and applies a multicriteria decision analysis framework tailored to assess measures for reducing the concentration of microplastics and macroplastics in seas, by implementing ground-breaking clean-up technologies and addressing different types of pollutant sources. Environmental, socio-economic and financial impacts are considered to provide a ranking of these measures for better-informed decision making. The data required to evaluate the performance of the technologies in different locations and scales are analyzed to understand the consequences of the different measures in terms of plastic pathways and sites, and the amounts accumulated, using innovative simulation models. The framework is applied to the Mediterranean Sea, providing insights for designing measures to respond to the challenges of cleaning seas and fulfill the EU marine strategy. The results for the best ranked alternatives show that dealing with microplastics is much more expensive (by one order of magnitude) than dealing with macroplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Cunha
- University of Coimbra, CEMMPRE, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Coimbra, Polo 2, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Kostas Tsiaras
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 km Athens-Sounio Avenue, PO Box 712, GR 19013 Anavyssos, Attica, Greece
| | - João R Marques
- University of Coimbra, CEMMPRE, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Coimbra, Polo 2, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Yannis Hatzonikolakis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 km Athens-Sounio Avenue, PO Box 712, GR 19013 Anavyssos, Attica, Greece; Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Luis C Dias
- University of Coimbra, CeBER, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, Av. Dias da Silva 165, 3004-512 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - George Triantaphyllidis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 km Athens-Sounio Avenue, PO Box 712, GR 19013 Anavyssos, Attica, Greece
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Zhang W, Sik Ok Y, Bank MS, Sonne C. Macro- and microplastics as complex threats to coral reef ecosystems. Environ Int 2023; 174:107914. [PMID: 37028266 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of macroplastics (macro-), microplastics (MPs, <5mm), and nanoplastics (NPs, <100 nm) on corals and their complex reef ecosystems are receiving increased attention and visibility. MPs represent a major, contemporary, sustainability challenge with known and unknown effects on the ocean, and coral reef ecosystems worldwide. However, the fate and transport processes of macro-, MPs, and NPs and their direct and indirect impacts on coral reef ecosystems remains poorly understood. In this study, we verify and briefly summarize MPs distribution and pollution patterns in coral reefs from various geographical regions and discuss potential risks. The main interaction mechanisms show that MPs may substantially affect coral feeding performance, proper skeletal formation, and overall nutrition and, thus, there is an urgent need to address this rapidly growing environmental problem. From a management perspective, macro-, MPs, and NPs should, ideally, all be included in environmental monitoring frameworks, as possible, to aid in identifying those geographical areas that are most heavily impacted and to support future prioritization of conservation efforts. The potential solutions to the macro-, MP, and NP pollution problem include raising public awareness of plastic pollution, developing robust, environmental, conservation efforts, promoting a circular economy, and propelling industry-supported technological innovations to reduce plastic use and consumption. Global actions to curb plastic inputs, and releases of macro-, MP, and NP particles, and their associated chemicals, to the environment are desperately needed to secure the overall health of coral reef ecosystems and their inhabitants. Global scale horizon scans, gap analyses, and other future actions are necessary to gain and increase momentum to properly address this massive environmental problem and are in good accordance with several relevant UN sustainable development goals to sustain planetary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management & Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management & Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Michael S Bank
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway; University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
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Pasqualini V, Garrido M, Cecchi P, Connès C, Couté A, El Rakwe M, Henry M, Hervio-Heath D, Quilichini Y, Simonnet J, Rinnert E, Vitré T, Galgani F. Harmful algae and pathogens on plastics in three mediterranean coastal lagoons. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13654. [PMID: 36895393 PMCID: PMC9988496 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastic is now a pervasive pollutant in all marine ecosystems. The microplastics and macroplastic debris were studied in three French Mediterranean coastal lagoons (Prevost, Biguglia and Diana lagoons), displaying different environmental characteristics. In addition, biofilm samples were analyzed over the seasons to quantify and identify microalgae communities colonizing macroplastics, and determine potentially harmful microorganisms. Results indicate low but highly variable concentrations of microplastics, in relation to the period and location of sampling. Micro-Raman spectroscopy analyses revealed that the majority of macroplastic debris corresponded to polyethylene (PE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and to a far lesser extent to polypropylene (PP). The observations by Scanning Electron Microscopy of microalgae communities colonizing macroplastic debris demonstrated differences depending on the seasons, with higher amounts in spring and summer, but without any variation between lagoons and polymers. Among the Diatomophyceae, the most dominant genera were Amphora spp., Cocconeis spp., and Navicula spp.. Cyanobacteria and Dinophyceae such as Prorocentrum cordatum, a potentially toxic species, were also found sporadically. The use of Primer specific DNA amplification tools enabled us to detect potentially harmful microorganisms colonizing plastics, such as Alexandrium minutum or Vibrio spp. An additional in situ experiment performed over one year revealed an increase in the diversity of colonizing microalgae in relation to the duration of immersion for the three tested polymers PE, LDPE and polyethylene terephthalates (PET). Vibrio settled durably after two weeks of immersion, whatever the polymer. This study confirms that Mediterranean coastal lagoons are vulnerable to the presence of macroplastic debris that may passively host and transport various species, including some potentially harmful algal and bacterial microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanina Pasqualini
- UMR SPE CNRS - UMS Stella Mare CNRS, University of Corsica, BP 52, 20250, Corte, France
| | - Marie Garrido
- Environmental Agency of Corsica, 7 Avenue Jean Nicoli, 20250, Corte, France
| | - Philippe Cecchi
- UMR MARBEC, IRD CNRS IFREMER, University of Montpellier, CC093, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Coralie Connès
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence-Azur-Corse (LER/PAC), Station de Bastia, Zone Industrielle de Furiani, 20600, Bastia, France
| | - Alain Couté
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Département RDDM, FRE 3206, USM 505, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Maria El Rakwe
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Détection, Capteurs et Mesures (LDCM), Centre Bretagne, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Maryvonne Henry
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence-Azur-Corse (LER/PAC), Station de Toulon, Zone Portuaire de Brégaillon, CS 20330, 83507, La Seyne sur Mer, France
| | - Dominique Hervio-Heath
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des Poissons (LARN), Centre Bretagne, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Yann Quilichini
- UMR SPE CNRS - UMS Stella Mare CNRS, University of Corsica, BP 52, 20250, Corte, France
| | - Jérémy Simonnet
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Santé, Environnement et Microbiologie (LSEM), Centre Bretagne, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Emmanuel Rinnert
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Cycle Géochimique et Ressources (LCG), Centre Bretagne, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Thomas Vitré
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des Poissons (LARN), Centre Bretagne, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - François Galgani
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence-Azur-Corse (LER/PAC), Station de Bastia, Zone Industrielle de Furiani, 20600, Bastia, France
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11
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Jia T, Kapelan Z, de Vries R, Vriend P, Peereboom EC, Okkerman I, Taormina R. Deep learning for detecting macroplastic litter in water bodies: A review. Water Res 2023; 231:119632. [PMID: 36689878 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution in water bodies is an unresolved environmental issue that damages all aquatic environments, and causes economic and health problems. Accurate detection of macroplastic litter (plastic items >5 mm) in water is essential to estimate the quantities, compositions and sources, identify emerging trends, and design preventive measures or mitigation strategies. In recent years, researchers have demonstrated the potential of computer vision (CV) techniques based on deep learning (DL) for automated detection of macroplastic litter in water bodies. However, a systematic review to describe the state-of-the-art of the field is lacking. Here we provide such a review, and we highlight current knowledge gaps and suggest promising future research directions. The review compares 34 papers with respect to their application and modeling related criteria. The results show that the researchers have employed a variety of DL architectures implementing different CV techniques to detect macroplastic litter in various aquatic environments. However, key knowledge gaps must be addressed to overcome the lack of: (i) DL-based macroplastic litter detection models with sufficient generalization capability, (ii) DL-based quantification of macroplastic (mass) fluxes and hotspots and (iii) scalable macroplastic litter monitoring strategies based on robust DL-based quantification. We advocate for the exploration of data-centric artificial intelligence approaches and semi-supervised learning to develop models with improved generalization capabilities. These models can boost the development of new methods for the quantification of macroplastic (mass) fluxes and hotspots, and allow for structural monitoring strategies that leverage robust DL-based quantification. While the identified gaps concern all bodies of water, we recommend increased efforts with respect to riverine ecosystems, considering their major role in transport and storage of litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Jia
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Zoran Kapelan
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Rinze de Vries
- Noria Sustainable Innovators, Schieweg 13, 2627 AN Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Vriend
- Rijkswaterstaat, Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, Griffioenlaan 2, 3526 LA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Copius Peereboom
- Rijkswaterstaat, Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, Griffioenlaan 2, 3526 LA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Imke Okkerman
- Rijkswaterstaat, Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, Griffioenlaan 2, 3526 LA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Taormina
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
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12
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Recabarren-Villalón T, Ronda AC, La Sala L, Sanhueza C, Díaz L, Rodríguez Pirani LS, Picone AL, Romano RM, Petracci P, Arias AH. First assessment of debris pollution in the gastrointestinal content of juvenile Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) stranded on the west south Atlantic coasts. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 188:114628. [PMID: 36701975 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides the first evidence of debris pollution, including plastic, in juvenile Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) found stranded on the Atlantic coast of southern Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Macro-, meso- and microparticles of anthropogenic origin were observed in 100 % of the studied birds, with debris abundance ranging between 33 and 200 items/bird. Microparticles represented 91 % of the total debris and 97 % of them were fibers. Black particles were the most abundant (30 %), followed by transparent (26 %), blue (14 %), yellow (10.3 %), and red (10 %). Infrared and Raman spectroscopy identified 62.7 % of the total particles as plastics, with polypropylene (27.8 %) and polyester (21.6 %) being the most abundant polymers. Semi-synthetic cellulosic fibers, metallic particles, and pigments were also found. The presence of metallic microparticles was suggested for the first time in penguins. Stranded juvenile Magellanic penguins are proposed as promising bioindicators of plastic pollution in the South Atlantic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Recabarren-Villalón
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO-CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Ana C Ronda
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO-CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Luciano La Sala
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur, CONICET/UNS, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Cristina Sanhueza
- Grupo de Estudio en Conservación y Manejo (Gekko), Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Lucrecia Díaz
- Grupo de Investigación y Rehabilitación de Tortugas Marinas (Quelona), Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Lucas S Rodríguez Pirani
- CEQUINOR (UNLP, CCT-CONICET La Plata, associated with CIC), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Blvd. 120 N° 1465, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - A Lorena Picone
- CEQUINOR (UNLP, CCT-CONICET La Plata, associated with CIC), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Blvd. 120 N° 1465, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Rosana M Romano
- CEQUINOR (UNLP, CCT-CONICET La Plata, associated with CIC), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Blvd. 120 N° 1465, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Pablo Petracci
- Grupo de Estudio en Conservación y Manejo (Gekko), Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Estación de Rescate de Fauna Marina Guillermo "Indio" Fidalgo, Sitio 11, Puerto Galván Bahía Blanca Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés H Arias
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO-CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
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13
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Foskolos I, Alexiadou P, Koutouzi N, Frey S, Thompson KF, Boisseau O, Frantzis A. Insights into the distribution and ingestion of prey-like plastic fishing lures in Mediterranean rough-toothed dolphins. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 188:114701. [PMID: 36758313 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rough-toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis) form an isolated subpopulation in the Mediterranean Sea that resides only in the eastern basin. Due to the paucity of records, the conservation threats these dolphins face and their ecology and distribution are poorly understood. While most observations indicate that individuals are found in two isolated clusters in the eastern basin, we hereby present five observations -three visual, one acoustic and one stranding- that possibly extend the range of this subpopulation to the entire offshore waters of the eastern basin. The stomach content remains of the stranded individual revealed a diet based on epipelagic squids and octopods. The stranded dolphin had also consumed seven plastic bags and nine squid-like plastic fishing lures, which had caused a complete gastric blockage and probably led to the stranding. High pollution loads from macroplastics in the Mediterranean Sea may evolve into a new potential threat for this subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Foskolos
- Pelagos Cetacean Research Institute, Athens, Greece; Wildlife Ecology Section, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Zoophysiology Section, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Silvia Frey
- Kyma Sea Conservation and Research, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten F Thompson
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom; Greenpeace Research Laboratories, University of Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
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14
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Kapetanović D, Vardić Smrzlić I, Kazazić S, Omanović D, Cukrov N, Cindrić AM, Rapljenović A, Perić L, Orlić K, Mijošek T, Redžović Z, Gavrilović A, Radočaj T, Filipović Marijić V. A preliminary study of the cultivable microbiota on the plastic litter collected by commercial fishing trawlers in the south-eastern Adriatic Sea, with emphasis on Vibrio isolates and their antibiotic resistance. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 187:114592. [PMID: 36657339 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean Sea is the sixth largest area of marine litter accumulation in the world, and plastic pollution is a growing problem in its Adriatic sub-basin. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cultivable microbiota associated with plastic litter collected by commercial fishing trawlers in the south-eastern Adriatic Sea in comparison with microbiota in seawater and sediment. Plastic litter in the sea contains an autochthonous microbiota that is different from that of the surrounding seawater and sediment. Vibrio abundance was higher on plastic litter than in surrounding seawater and sediment. All isolated Vibrio showing resistance to ampicillin and vancomycin, while resistance to other antibiotics depended on the isolated species. Overall, this study provides for the first time information on the cultivable microbiota associated with plastic litter collected by commercial fishing trawlers and provides a data base for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Kapetanović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Snježana Kazazić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dario Omanović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neven Cukrov
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ana Rapljenović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lorena Perić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Karla Orlić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Mijošek
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zuzana Redžović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Gavrilović
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tena Radočaj
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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15
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Velimirovic M, Teunkens B, Ghorbanfekr H, Buelens B, Hermans T, Van Damme S, Tirez K, Vanhaecke F. What can we learn from studying plastic debris in the Sea Scheldt estuary? Sci Total Environ 2022; 851:158226. [PMID: 35998716 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Sea Scheldt estuary has been suggested to be a significant pathway for transfer of plastic debris to the North Sea. We have studied 12,801 plastic items that were collected in the Sea Scheldt estuary (Belgium) during 3 sampling campaigns (in spring, summer, and autumn) using a technique called anchor netting. The investigation results indicated that the abundance of plastic debris in the Scheldt River was on average 1.6 × 10-3 items per m3 with an average weight of 0.38 × 10-3 g per m3. Foils were the most abundant form, accounting for >88 % of the samples, followed by fragments for 11 % of the samples and filaments, making up for <1 % of the plastic debris. FTIR spectroscopy of 7 % of the total number of plastic debris items collected in the Sea Scheldt estuary (n = 883) revealed that polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polystyrene (PS) originating from disposable packaging materials were the most abundant types of polymers. A limited number of plastic debris items (n = 100) were selected for non-destructive screening of their mineral element composition using micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (μXRF). The corresponding results revealed that S, Ca, Si, P, Al, and Fe were the predominant mineral elements. These elements originate from flame retardants, mineral fillers, and commonly used catalysts for plastic production. Finally, machine learning algorithms were deployed to test a new concept for forensic identification of the different plastic entities based on the most important elements present using a limited subset of PP (n = 36) and PE (n = 35) plastic entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Velimirovic
- Atomic & Mass Spectrometry-A&MS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Bert Teunkens
- Ecosystem Management Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Hossein Ghorbanfekr
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Bart Buelens
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Tom Hermans
- Faculty of Technology, UC Leuven-Limburg, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan, gebouw B/1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Stefan Van Damme
- Ecosystem Management Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Kristof Tirez
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Frank Vanhaecke
- Atomic & Mass Spectrometry-A&MS Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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16
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Gaboy SMM, Guihawan JQ, Leopardas VE, Bacosa HP. Unravelling macroplastic pollution in seagrass beds of Iligan City, Mindanao, Philippines. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 185:114233. [PMID: 36252442 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite being a leading pollutant in the ocean, there are limited studies about plastic litter in seagrasses, and none has been documented in the Philippines. This study determined the abundance and composition of macroplastics in seagrass beds of Iligan City, Philippines. Plastics were collected from transect lines laid in seagrass beds of four sites (Dalipuga, Hinaplanon, Tominobo and Buru-un), and three locations (landward, midward, seaward) in each site, periodically within 42 days. A total of 921 macroplastic items were collected in all sampling sites, of which 308 were from Buru-un, 271 from Tominobo, 240 from Dalipuga, and 102 from Hinaplanon. Landward areas have a significantly higher density than either midward or seaward. The first sampling was higher than the succeeding sampling period. Food packaging, plastic bags, and fragments predominated the litter in seagrass. This study is the first to document the presence of macroplastics in seagrass beds in the Philippines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiela Mae M Gaboy
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Mindanao State University- Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), Tibanga, Iligan City, Lanao del Norte 9200, Philippines.
| | - Jaime Q Guihawan
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Mindanao State University- Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), Tibanga, Iligan City, Lanao del Norte 9200, Philippines
| | - Venus E Leopardas
- College of Marine and Allied Sciences, Mindanao State University at Naawan, Naawan, Misamis Oriental 9023, Philippines
| | - Hernando P Bacosa
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Mindanao State University- Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), Tibanga, Iligan City, Lanao del Norte 9200, Philippines
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17
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Yang Z, Lü F, Hu T, Xu X, Zhang H, Shao L, Ye J, He P. Occurrence of macroplastics and microplastics in biogenic waste digestate: Effects of depackaging at source and dewatering process. Waste Manag 2022; 154:252-259. [PMID: 36279593 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plastic debris, including macroplastics (>5 mm) and microplastics (0.1-5 mm), has proven to be an emerging contaminant. Anaerobic digestion, coupled with energy recovery, can be an effective valorization technology for biogenic waste. But the use of the resulting digestate as a soil conditioner is a source for plastic debris release into the environment. The preprocess and postprocess used could influence the quantity of plastic debris found in the digestate, but the specifics of these effects are relatively unknown. Therefore, we measured the quantity of plastic debris in raw digestate under a variety of preprocessing scenarios. We also investigated the occurrence of plastic debris in solid and liquid digestates resulting from the dewatering of raw digestate. The quantity of plastic debris ranged from 41 to 3298 particles/kg (WW) for raw digestate, 319-3604 particles/kg (WW) for solid digestate and 7-38 particles/kg (WW) for liquid digestate. We observed that depackaging at source by citizens themselves (removing the package of biogenic waste when dropping it into bins), significantly reduced the quantities of plastic debris in raw digestate by an order of magnitude. Furthermore, the number of polymer types in raw digestate, where depackaging occurred at source, were lower than that where this rule was not in place. The average size of plastic debris in solid digestate was significantly smaller than that in raw digestate, which indicated that the process of mechanical dewatering could generate MPs. It is recommended to depackage for biogenic waste at source to reduce the quantities of MPs in digestate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Yang
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Fan Lü
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Tian Hu
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Xu
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Liming Shao
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Ye
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Pinjing He
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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18
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Jaouani R, Mouneyrac C, Châtel A, Amiard F, Dellali M, Beyrem H, Michelet A, Lagarde F. Seasonal and spatial distribution of microplastics in sediments by FTIR imaging throughout a continuum lake - lagoon- beach from the Tunisian coast. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:156519. [PMID: 35690197 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastics pollution in marine environment has become an issue of increasing scientific concern. This work aims to study the temporal and spatial distribution of plastics in sediments from three different Tunisian ecosystems; Rimel Beach, Bizerta lagoon and Ichkeul lake. Sediment sampling was conducted in surface (2 cm) and depth (15 cm) during spring, summer and winter. Plastics debris were separated by size fractions: macro (>5 mm), meso (1-5 mm) and microplastics (<1 mm) to optimize the time necessary for their characterisation. Macroplastics and mesoplastics were identified using an IR Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) and microplastics with Imaging Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy after an optimized extraction protocol. Results indicate that, the lowest contamination degree with macroplastics was recorded in Ichkeul lake, 2 macro debris/m2 (marine protected area, national parc of Ichkeul). Mesoparticles were only detected in lagoon of Bizerte in large quantities (4900 item/kg of sediment in surface and 680 item/kg of sediment in depth) and were identified principally as paint products. For microplastics, the repartition was quite homogeneous between the three sites with an average abundance was 130.55 ± 65.61 items/kg for all seasons. The variations of microplastics abundances on the three sites could not be clearly related to the seasons. Whereas the polymer characterisation in the surface and depth sediments of the three studied areas were principally due to eight types of polymers (PVC, PET, PP, PE PS, Polyamide (PA) and polymeric methyl methacrylate (PMMA)) as reported in many other studies, surprisingly all MPs recovered in the study were smaller than 300 μm, >70 % being fragments. This study brings new results as regards to the state of plastic contamination in Tunisian coast and shows the importance of investigating different ecosystems in such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihab Jaouani
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM, UMR CNRS 6283), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, F-72085 Le Mans, France; Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BIOSSE), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, F-49000 Angers, France; Laboratoire de biosurveillance de l'environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisie.
| | - Catherine Mouneyrac
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BIOSSE), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Amélie Châtel
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BIOSSE), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Frédéric Amiard
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM, UMR CNRS 6283), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, F-72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Mohamed Dellali
- Laboratoire de biosurveillance de l'environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisie
| | - Hamouda Beyrem
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BIOSSE), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Alexandre Michelet
- Perkin Elmer, ZA Courtaboeuf, 12, 14 Avenue de la Baltique, 91140 Villebon sur Yvette, France
| | - Fabienne Lagarde
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM, UMR CNRS 6283), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, F-72085 Le Mans, France
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19
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Batista D, Pradhan A, Pascoal C, Cássio F. Evidence of micro and macroplastic toxicity along a stream detrital food-chain. J Hazard Mater 2022; 436:129064. [PMID: 35580497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are subjected to plastic extensive pollution because they are the direct link between plastic wastes and marine ecosystems. The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of different sizes of polyethylene plastics (micro: µPs and macroplastics: PBs) on freshwater decomposers of plant litter. We exposed leaf associated microbial assemblages to µPs (0.5 or 1.5 g L-1) and discs of PBs as follows: green plastic bags (PB-G) alone or in mixtures with transparent plastic bags (PB-Mix). Then, we conducted a feeding preference experiment with the invertebrate shredder Limnephilus sp. to assess their capacity to distinguish leaf discs from PB discs of the same size (12 mm). Leaf decomposition, activities of fungal enzymes and sporulation were inhibited by µPs and PB-Mix, and shifts in fungal community composition were observed. The invertebrate shredders preferred to feed on leaves treated with µPs avoiding those exposed to PB-G/PB-Mix. Our results demonstrated that plastics can have a direct effect on stream-dwelling microbial decomposers and an indirect effect on higher trophic levels (shredders), highlighting that trophic transfer is a route of plastic exposure. The plastic properties (size, concentration, colour) appear to influence plastic toxicity to microbes and shredders, indicating the importance of considering physicochemical properties when assessing their risks to freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Batista
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Arunava Pradhan
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Pascoal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Cássio
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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20
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Ledieu L, Tramoy R, Ricordel S, Astrie D, Tassin B, Gasperi J. Amount, composition and sources of macrolitter from a highly frequented roadway. Environ Pollut 2022; 303:119145. [PMID: 35306092 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many researches mention the need to identify the land-based sources of riverine macrolitter but few field data on litter amount, composition and sources are available in the scientific literature. Describing macrolitter hotspot dynamics would actually allow a better estimation of fluxes in the receiving environments and a better identification of the more appropriate mitigation strategies. This study provides new insights in roadway macrolitter production rates, typologies and input sources (i.e. deliberate or accidental). The macrolitter from an 800 m portion of a highly frequented roadway (around 90,000 vehicles per day) was collected during almost one year. Typologies were defined using the OSPAR/TGML classification. Results show high annual loads of macrolitter (42.8 kg/yr/ha), suggesting significant contributions of the road runoff to the litter fluxes in urban stormwater. Over the course of a year, 88.5 kg of debris were collected, including 53.2 kg (60%) of plastic debris. In total, 36,439 items were characterized, of which 84% were plastics. The macrodebris collected present a low diversity of components with Top 10 items accounting for 92% by count and a majority of small and lightweight items like plastic fragments (31%) or cigarette butts (18%). Input sources were estimated for 43% of the mass collected in which 37.2% were deliberately littered and 62.8% were accidental leaks, illustrating a major contribution of uncovered trucks and unsecured loads. The accumulation rates show a linear correlation with the road traffic. Such data are of prime interest since they enable to determine the potential contribution of road traffic to plastic fluxes to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ledieu
- Université Gustave Eiffel, GERS-LEE, F-44344, Bouguenais, France; Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques de la Ville IRSTV, CNRS, 1 rue de la Noë, 44321, Nantes, Cedex 3, France.
| | - R Tramoy
- Université Paris Est Créteil, LEESU, F-94010, Créteil, France; Ecole des Ponts, LEESU, F-77455, Champs-sur-Marne, France
| | - S Ricordel
- Université Gustave Eiffel, GERS-LEE, F-44344, Bouguenais, France; Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques de la Ville IRSTV, CNRS, 1 rue de la Noë, 44321, Nantes, Cedex 3, France
| | - D Astrie
- Université Gustave Eiffel, GERS-LEE, F-44344, Bouguenais, France; Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques de la Ville IRSTV, CNRS, 1 rue de la Noë, 44321, Nantes, Cedex 3, France
| | - B Tassin
- Université Paris Est Créteil, LEESU, F-94010, Créteil, France; Ecole des Ponts, LEESU, F-77455, Champs-sur-Marne, France
| | - J Gasperi
- Université Gustave Eiffel, GERS-LEE, F-44344, Bouguenais, France; Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques de la Ville IRSTV, CNRS, 1 rue de la Noë, 44321, Nantes, Cedex 3, France
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21
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Cloux S, Allen-Perkins S, de Pablo H, Garaboa-Paz D, Montero P, Pérez Muñuzuri V. Validation of a Lagrangian model for large-scale macroplastic tracer transport using mussel-peg in NW Spain (Ría de Arousa). Sci Total Environ 2022; 822:153338. [PMID: 35092776 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Marine debris is a growing problem in recent years due to population growth around the world. The incorrect management of plastic waste causes these bodies reach the seas and oceans, becoming a worldwide problem. Once they reach the seas and oceans, they begin a long period of degradation, moving from a macro state (plastics whose diameter is greater than 0.5 cm) to a micro state (diameter less than 0.5 cm). The microplastics spread throughout the oceans, entering the food chain of marine species and, subsequently, of humans. Therefore, it is important to stop the problem while it remains at the macroscale. In this work, a validation of a recently developed Lagrangian computational model to track the movement of macro plastics in seas and oceans is presented. This validation is performed on a regional scale, in the Ría de Arousa, one of the most important estuaries for mussel cultivation in northwestern Spain. During mussel cultivation in rafts, a type of floating plastic stick are released, the mussel-pegs. The potential of this study is that we can compare the accumulation results of the model with the accumulation data collected on the Galician beaches. In a general framework, the influence of wind on the spatial distribution of the accumulations given by the model was observed. For the monitoring data, similar results were found for the accumulation trends over the entire total period. For the monthly representation, some discrepancies were observed. These differences can be attributed to particular synoptic situations, poor reproduction of the coastline or to the very orientation of the study area with respect to the intertidal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cloux
- CRETUS, Nonlinear Physics Group, Faculty of Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Silvia Allen-Perkins
- INTECMAR, Inst. Tecnolóxico para o Control do Medio Mariño de Galicia, Vilagarcía de Arousa, Spain.
| | - Hilda de Pablo
- MARETEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Daniel Garaboa-Paz
- CRETUS, Nonlinear Physics Group, Faculty of Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Pedro Montero
- INTECMAR, Inst. Tecnolóxico para o Control do Medio Mariño de Galicia, Vilagarcía de Arousa, Spain.
| | - Vicente Pérez Muñuzuri
- CRETUS, Nonlinear Physics Group, Faculty of Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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22
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Haarr ML, Falk-Andersson J, Fabres J. Global marine litter research 2015-2020: Geographical and methodological trends. Sci Total Environ 2022; 820:153162. [PMID: 35051476 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A systematic review of research on marine macrolitter densities in the past five years (2015-2020) revealed considerable knowledge gaps in the field. Nearly half he reviewed studies were on stranded litter. Data are scarce from many of the regions estimated to mismanage the largest amounts of plastic waste. In regions where data are available these are typically from coastal areas with few data from the high and deep seas; 57% and 87% of studies on pelagic and seafloor litter, respectively, took place within 100 km from shore. Data on pelagic litter are generally constrained to the sea surface and only two of 30 pelagic studies have measured macrolitter deeper in the water column. Reported litter densities are generally highest for stranded litter, although seafloor litter densities by weight are high in some areas. Reported densities of floating litter are several orders of magnitude lower. However, a lack of standardisation of methods makes it difficult both to assess and to compare litter densities within and across the different environmental compartments in time and space. The review illustrates a great need for survey design development within the field of macroplastics and point to some long-established considerations from ecological research pertaining to independence of data points, spatial autocorrelation, sampling scale, and plot size and shape which are highly relevant also for marine litter research. These considerations are relevant both for global standardisation efforts and for independent studies. Furthermore, the knowledge gaps created by geographic and compartment biases in research needs to be addressed to identify further research needs, validate models and inform policy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jannike Falk-Andersson
- Salt Lofoten AS, Fiskergata 23, 8301 Svolvær, Norway; Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
| | - Joan Fabres
- Salt Lofoten AS, Fiskergata 23, 8301 Svolvær, Norway
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23
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Luo YY, Vorsatz LD, Not C, Cannicci S. Landward zones of mangroves are sinks for both land and water borne anthropogenic debris. Sci Total Environ 2022; 818:151809. [PMID: 34808167 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The hotspots for mangrove diversity and plastic emissions from rivers overlap in Asia, however very few studies have investigated anthropogenic marine debris (AMD) pollution in these threatened coastal ecosystems. Despite Hong Kong's position at the mouth of the Pearl River, a major source of mismanaged waste in Asia, the mangroves in Hong Kong have never been extensively surveyed for AMD. Here we assessed the patterns of AMD abundance within 18 mangrove forests across Hong Kong surveying both their landward and seaward zones. We recorded and categorised, according to their material and potential uses, both the amount of debris items and area they covered, to better quantify its potential impact on the mangroves. Across Hong Kong mangroves, the average abundance of debris was 1.45 ± 0.38 (SE) items m-2, with an average coverage of 6.05 ± 1.59%. Plastic formed a high proportion of AMD accounting for 70.31% by number of items and 49.71% by area covered, followed by glass/ceramics and wood/bamboo. Disposable food packaging, fishing gear and industrial and construction related waste were the major sources of AMD we documented. On average, we recorded about six times more debris items m-2 at the landward sites than at the seaward one, but these abundances varied between the East and the West coastlines of Hong Kong. Our data confirms the hypothesis that landward areas of mangrove forests act as traps and retain marine borne debris, but they also suggest that direct dumping of waste from the land could represent a serious impact for these forests placed in between the land and the sea. More research is needed to ascertain the impact of land disposed debris on mangrove degradation, and this study strongly advocates for a cultural shift about the perception of these forests by the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Y Luo
- The Swire Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., PR China; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., PR China
| | - Lyle D Vorsatz
- The Swire Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., PR China; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., PR China
| | - Christelle Not
- The Swire Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., PR China; Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., PR China
| | - Stefano Cannicci
- The Swire Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., PR China; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., PR China; Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy.
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24
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Yang Z, Lü F, Zhang H, Wang W, Xu X, Shao L, Che Z, Lu B, Ye J, He P. A neglected transport of plastic debris to cities from farmland in remote arid regions. Sci Total Environ 2022; 807:150982. [PMID: 34656567 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although microplastics have been investigated in terrestrial environments, the occurrence and transport of microplastics in semiarid regions with serious wind erosion are still limited. We investigated plastic debris, including macroplastics (>5 mm) and microplastics (50 μm to 5 mm), from twenty semiarid farmlands and then developed a mass flux model to calculate the quantities of plastic debris transport by wind erosion. Finally, the spatial extent of microplastic deposition was estimated. The average abundance of macroplastics increased with duration of mulching film use, whereas the abundance of microplastics did not change significantly (p > 0.05). Moreover, the highest abundance of microplastics among samples was from the farmland using greenhouse, which suggests that wind erosion played an essential role in retention of plastic debris. Besides, the enrichment ratio (ER) which depends on the shape of microplastics is identified to be a key indicator of the mass flux model. The results showed that 6.91-38.11 kg/ha of plastic debris was released by wind in the 25th year after film application, with 6.14 n/m2 of microplastics settling in February in Xi'an, which is 690 km away from the source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Yang
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Fan Lü
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Xu
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Liming Shao
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Zongxian Che
- Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Binglin Lu
- Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Ye
- Water Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Pinjing He
- Institute of Waste Treatment and Reclamation, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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25
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Loubet P, Couturier J, Horta Arduin R, Sonnemann G. Life cycle inventory of plastics losses from seafood supply chains: Methodology and application to French fish products. Sci Total Environ 2022; 804:150117. [PMID: 34508938 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plastic debris into the environment is a growing threat for the ecosystems and human health. The seafood sector is particularly concerned because it generates plastic losses and can be endangered by plastic contamination. Life cycle assessment (LCA) does not properly consider plastic losses and related impacts, which is a problem in order to find relevant mitigation strategies without burden shifting. This work proposes a methodology for quantifying flows of plastics from the life cycle of the seafood products to the environment. It is based on loss rate and final release rate considering a pre-fate approach as proposed by the Plastic Leak Project. They are defined for 5 types of micro and macro plastic losses: lost fishing gears, marine coatings, plastic pellets, tire abrasion and plastic mismanaged at the end-of-life. The methodology is validated with a case study applied to French fish products for which relevant data are available in the Agribalyse 3.0 database. Results show that average plastic losses are from 75 mg to 4345 mg per kg of fish at the consumer, depending on the species and the related fishing method. The main plastic losses come from lost fishing gears (macroplastics) and tire abrasion (microplastics). Results show high variability: when mismanaged, plastic packaging at the end-of-life (macroplastics) is the main loss to the environment. As a next step the methodology is to be applied to other fish or shellfish products, or directly implemented in a life cycle inventory database. Further research should characterize the related impacts to the environment when life cycle impact assessment methodologies will be available, and identify eco-design solutions to decrease the major flows to the environment identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Loubet
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - Julien Couturier
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Rachel Horta Arduin
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Guido Sonnemann
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
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26
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Cesarini G, Scalici M. Riparian vegetation as a trap for plastic litter. Environ Pollut 2022; 292:118410. [PMID: 34715271 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution represents the most widespread threaten throughout the world and, amongst aquatic habitats, freshwaters and in particular riparian zones seems to be highly disturbed. Since the plastic storage and accumulation on the riparian vegetation have not yet been deeply investigated, here, we focussed on the riparian zone's function in trapping plastic litter. To do so, we assessed the occurrence and density of plastics in different vegetated (arboreal, shrubby, herbaceous, reed, bush) and unvegetated types in 8 central Italian rivers, running in different land use contexts. Our results showed that plastic pieces, bags, bottles and food containers were the most abundant specific categories on the vegetated types, demonstrating the riparian vegetation role in trapping plastic litter. Specifically, the highest plastic density was found on the shrubby type suggesting that a tree shape retains plastics more easily than all other vegetated and unvegetated types. Shape and size classification of plastics are not significantly different between vegetated and unvegetated types. These findings allow to collect important information on how the riparian vegetation can be exploited in management activities for removing plastic litters from both freshwater and sea, being the former considered the main plastic source for the latter. This study highlights a further ecosystem service as mechanical filter provided by the riparian zone, even if further studies ought to be performed to understand the role of vegetation as plastic trap and the possible detrimental effects of plastics on the plant health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cesarini
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Scalici
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146, Rome, Italy
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27
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Santodomingo N, Perry C, Waheed Z, Syed Hussein MAB, Rosedy A, Johnson KG. Marine litter pollution on coral reefs of Darvel Bay (East Sabah, Malaysia). Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 173:112998. [PMID: 34624630 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine litter is recognized as an increasing component of marine ecosystem pollution. In this baseline study, we document the magnitude, types, sources, and potential impacts of litter on six coral reefs in East Sabah. We applied a simplified classification of litter to extract abundance data from video transects. The average density was 10.7 items per 100 m2. Plastics represent 91% and the remaining 9% were metal, glass, and wood. Most (~70%) plastics are single-use items derived from dumping. Discarded fishing gear accounts for ~25%. Litter pollution increases closer to urban developments, with Sakar reef having higher densities (51 items per 100 m2), and higher Clean Coast Index (CCI = 10.2, dirty) and higher Plastic Abundance Index (PAI = 4.68) scores. This method could and should be readily integrated into ongoing monitoring programs to support assessments of the extent and magnitude of marine litter pollution on reefs worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiezhda Santodomingo
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD London, United Kingdom.
| | - Chris Perry
- Geography, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, EX4 4RJ Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Zarinah Waheed
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | | | - Allia Rosedy
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Kenneth G Johnson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD London, United Kingdom
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28
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Maclean K, Weideman EA, Perold V, Ryan PG. Buoyancy affects stranding rate and dispersal distance of floating litter entering the sea from river mouths. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 173:113028. [PMID: 34872166 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rivers are a major source of litter entering the sea but our understanding of the transport and fate of plastics in estuarine environments is poor. Marked blocks of varying buoyancy were released at three river mouths in South Africa. Of the 1400 blocks released, 80% were recovered on nearby beaches, with a higher recovery rate for more buoyant blocks. Dispersal distances increased with decreasing buoyancy at all sites; median dispersal distance of stranded items ranged from 20 to 90 m for expanded polystyrene (EPS) to 70-90 m for wood and 60-1042 m for high density polyethylene (HDPE) blocks. Floating litter in estuaries is subject to bidirectional flow and export is largely controlled by hydrodynamic conditions such as tides, winds, and wave action, as well as coastal structure and vegetation. Cleaning beaches around river mouths will help to reduce leakage of plastic and other litter into the sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Maclean
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.
| | - Eleanor A Weideman
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Vonica Perold
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Peter G Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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Piperagkas O, Papageorgiou N. Changes in (micro and macro) plastic pollution in the sediment of three sandy beaches in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, in relation to seasonality, beach use and granulometry. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 173:113014. [PMID: 34634631 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Smaller sized plastics (microplastics or MPs <5 mm) are ubiquitous in nature and have been found to interact in diverse ways with most biotic and abiotic systems globally. Most MPs in the seas have a land-based source, however, little is known about how the transfer occurs. In our study, we used three sandy beaches to describe the process of how MPs travel from accumulation points at the backshore of the beach to the sea, and vice versa. MPs differed significantly in all three beaches (both in quantitative and qualitative terms) between the summer and the winter samplings. During the summer, heavy MPs are the majority, while during the winter, lightweight microplastics are predominant, and the ratio of heavy per lightweight MPs is affected by the sediment median diameter after the summer sampling. Macroplastics follow a similar pattern to MPs and appear to provide a source of MPs for the sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odysseas Piperagkas
- Marine Ecology Lab, Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, GR-70013, P.O. Box 2208, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Microbial Ecology Lab, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Nafsika Papageorgiou
- Marine Ecology Lab, Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, GR-70013, P.O. Box 2208, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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Finger JVG, Corá DH, Convey P, Cruz FS, Petry MV, Krüger L. Anthropogenic debris in an Antarctic Specially Protected Area in the maritime Antarctic. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 172:112921. [PMID: 34526269 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antarctic Specially Protected Areas (ASPAs) provide the strongest environmental protection in Antarctica. However, they are not immune from anthropogenic pollution of marine or terrestrial origin. We document anthropogenic debris within ASPA No. 133 Harmony Point, Nelson Island, recovering 1544 items between November 2019 and January 2020. The majority (82.6 %) were found close to a national operator-constructed refuge and were smaller than 5 cm. Larger items (up to 300 cm) were present on beaches and plateaus. Charcoal and rubber were the most abundant items around the refuge and plastic and metal were the most abundant items on beaches and plateaus. Debris items likely arriving in the area by marine transportation (e.g. plastic) are of concern due to both risk of ingestion and their degradation leading to the release of hazardous chemicals. Such pollution contravenes the terms of the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty and other regionally applicable regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Victória Grohmann Finger
- Laboratório de Ornitologia e Animais Marinhos, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Av. Unisinos, 950 São Leopoldo, Brazil.
| | - Denyelle Hennayra Corá
- Laboratório de Ornitologia e Animais Marinhos, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Av. Unisinos, 950 São Leopoldo, Brazil.
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom; Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa.
| | | | - Maria Virginia Petry
- Laboratório de Ornitologia e Animais Marinhos, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Av. Unisinos, 950 São Leopoldo, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Krüger
- Instituto Antártico Chileno, Plaza Muñoz Gamero, 1055 Punta Arenas, Chile.
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31
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Chenet T, Mancia A, Bono G, Falsone F, Scannella D, Vaccaro C, Baldi A, Catani M, Cavazzini A, Pasti L. Plastic ingestion by Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) from central Mediterranean Sea: A potential cause for endocrine disruption. Environ Pollut 2021; 284:117449. [PMID: 34098369 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastics in the oceans can break up into smaller size and shape resembling prey or particles selected for ingestion by marine organisms. Plastic polymers may contain chemical additives and contaminants, including known endocrine disruptors that may be harmful for the marine organisms, in turn posing potential risks to marine ecosystems, biodiversity and food availability. This study assesses the presence of plastics in the contents of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of a commercial fish species, the Atlantic horse mackerel, Trachurus trachurus, sampled from two different fishing areas of central Mediterranean Sea. Adverse effect of plastics occurrence on T. Trachurus health were also assessed quantifying the liver expression of vitellogenin (VTG), a biomarker for endocrine disruption. A total of 92 specimens were collected and morphometric indices were analysed. A subgroup was examined for microplastics (MP < 1 mm) and macroplastics (MaP >1 cm) accumulation in the GIT and for VTG expression. Results indicated that specimens from the two locations are different in size and maturity but the ingestion of plastic is widespread, with microplastics (fragments and filaments) abundantly present in nearly all samples while macroplastics were found in the larger specimens, collected in one of the two locations. Spectroscopic analysis revealed that the most abundant polymers in MP fragments were polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene, whereas MP filaments were identified mainly as nylon 6, acrylic and polyester. MaP were composed mainly of weathered polyethylene or polypropylene. The expression of VTG was observed in the liver of 60% of all male specimens from both locations. The results of this study represent a first evidence that the ingestion of plastic pollution may alter endocrine system function in adult fish T. Trachurus and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Chenet
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annalaura Mancia
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Gioacchino Bono
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies, National Research Council (IRBIM-CNR), Via Vaccara 61, 91026, Mazara del Vallo, TP, Italy
| | - Fabio Falsone
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies, National Research Council (IRBIM-CNR), Via Vaccara 61, 91026, Mazara del Vallo, TP, Italy
| | - Danilo Scannella
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies, National Research Council (IRBIM-CNR), Via Vaccara 61, 91026, Mazara del Vallo, TP, Italy
| | - Carmela Vaccaro
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Baldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luisa Pasti
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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Hernández-Sánchez C, González-Sálamo J, Díaz-Peña FJ, Fraile-Nuez E, Hernández-Borges J. Arenas Blancas (El Hierro island), a new hotspot of plastic debris in the Canary Islands (Spain). Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 169:112548. [PMID: 34091246 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present work has studied the incidence and type of micro (1-5 mm), meso (5-25 mm) and macroplastics (>25 mm) that have reached Arenas Blancas beach, located in the north coast of El Hierro island, in the Canary Islands (Spain), from October 2019 to May 2020 (13 sampling dates with 3 sampling points each). Taking into consideration the three studied plastic debris fractions (macro, meso and microplastics), a total of 9206 items were found, which had a total weight of 1169.7 g and a concentration of 891.3 ± 91.5 items/m2 (118.3 ± 17.8 g/m2 and 2.3 ± 0.4 g/L). Regarding their colour, most of them were transparent/white/clear, especially in the microplastic fraction in which they accounted for a 68% of the total. Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy of meso and microplastic fractions indicated that most of the particles were either polypropylene and polyethylene followed by polystyrene in a much lower amount. In general, the total amount of plastic debris that arrives to the beach by the persistent oceanic current pattern linked to the easternmost branch of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre is comparable to those of the most contaminated beaches of the Canary Islands archipelago, suggesting that a new hotspot of plastic debris arrival has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Hernández-Sánchez
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Forense y Legal y Parasitología, Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Ingeniería, Sección de Náutica, Máquinas y Radioelectrónica Naval, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Vía Auxiliar Paso Alto, 2, 38001 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL). Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n°, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Javier González-Sálamo
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL). Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n°, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Francisco J Díaz-Peña
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL). Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Eugenio Fraile-Nuez
- Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Farola del Mar, 22, 38180 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Javier Hernández-Borges
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL). Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n°, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
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Naidu SA, Mawii L, Ranga Rao V, Anitha G, Mishra P, Narayanaswamy BE, Anil Kumar V, Ramana Murthy MV, Gvm G. Characterization of plastic debris from surface waters of the eastern Arabian Sea-Indian Ocean. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 169:112468. [PMID: 34049072 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The quantity of floating plastic debris (FPD) is continuously being increased in the oceans. To assess their size, structure, and composition along the eastern Arabian Sea (EAS), FPD samples were collected by using a surface plankton net. The microplastic size fraction (0.5-5 mm) was the most prevalent accounting for >50% of the total, followed by mesoplastics (5-25 mm; ~40%) and macroplastics (>25 mm; ~10%). The collected FPDs were categorized into five different types and eight colours. Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (ATR-FTIR) analysis of the plastics revealed that polypropylene, polyethylene, and nylon were the most dominant polymers, and these comprised mostly of fibre/fishing line. The abundance of FPD in the EAS (0.013 ± 0.012 no.s/m3) was found to be very low compared to elsewhere. The prevalent microplastics presence in the oceans might have occurred mainly by the degradation of larger items. It increases bioavailability, and hence, is a risk to marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Naidu
- National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Chennai, India.
| | - L Mawii
- Centre of Advance study in marine biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, India
| | - V Ranga Rao
- National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - G Anitha
- National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - P Mishra
- National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Chennai, India
| | | | - V Anil Kumar
- Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Kochi, India
| | - M V Ramana Murthy
- National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Gupta Gvm
- Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Kochi, India
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Galarpe VRKR, Jaraula CMB, Paler MKO. The nexus of macroplastic and microplastic research and plastic regulation policies in the Philippines marine coastal environments. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 167:112343. [PMID: 33940430 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Philippines was reported as one of the top plastic polluters (macroplastics and microplastics (MPs)) to the marine coastal environment, which necessitated the development and enforcement of plastic regulation policies. However, the nexus between the growing research on macroplastic/MP and the plastic regulation policies in the country is unexplored. Current review suggests that macroplastic/MP research in the Philippines is still in its infancy owing to methodological and technological constraints to apportion the sources and fluxes, characterize macroplastics/MPs, and identify influencing socio-environmental factors. While government efforts are underway, it is also unclear if local researches on macroplastics/MPs were the basis in institutionalizing the existing plastic regulation policies. Therefore the nexus between the researches carried out on this problem and the policies enforced cannot be concluded. Overall, this review presents gaps on the macroplastic/MP research needing more work on the problem to establish a sound science plastic regulation policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Ryan Kristopher R Galarpe
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines, Philippines; Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, University of the Philippines, Philippines; Organic and Stable Isotope Geochemistry Laboratory, Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Philippines.
| | - Caroline Marie B Jaraula
- Organic and Stable Isotope Geochemistry Laboratory, Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Philippines
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35
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Mitchell C, Quaglino MC, Posner VM, Arranz SE, Sciara AA. Quantification and composition analysis of plastic pollution in riverine beaches of the lower Paraná River, Argentina. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:16140-16151. [PMID: 33247404 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11686-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution and the numerous consequences it has on aquatic life have become a huge concern in recent years. While many studies have been conducted in marine environments, studies in freshwater ecosystems are scarce and insufficient. The Paraná River is the most important water course in the La Plata River basin and the fifth in the world with a mean annual discharge of 18,000 m3 per second. Currently available studies show the presence of plastic in river shores and fish gut, but more research should be carried out in order to know the extension and origin of plastic contamination. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify and characterize macro-, meso-, and microplastics found in the riverine beaches next to Rosario city, the most populated city standing by the lower Paraná River coast in Argentina. The results show that plastic pollution is ubiquitous, but the city shores are significantly more polluted than the wetland shore with a mean of 30,780 and 6375 microplastics per square meter respectively (p = 0.024). The food and beverage industry packaging combined were the most frequent macroplastics found. Also, 3 out of 4 meso- and microplastics were white/transparent, the color that is most likely to be ingested by fish and invertebrates. Finally, all micro- and mesoplastics found were secondary and, in the case of microplastics, they were mainly fibers (93.4%) which highlight its ecological relevance. As a whole, plastic contamination is a serious issue in the Rosario area, specially single-use plastics and short-lived products. The anthropic effect of the cities and how it contributes to plastic pollution are evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Mitchell
- Laboratorio Mixto de Biotecnología Acuática, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Quaglino
- Laboratorio Mixto de Biotecnología Acuática, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Victoria María Posner
- Laboratorio Mixto de Biotecnología Acuática, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Silvia Eda Arranz
- Laboratorio Mixto de Biotecnología Acuática, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrés Angel Sciara
- Laboratorio Mixto de Biotecnología Acuática, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Birch QT, Potter PM, Pinto PX, Dionysiou DD, Al-Abed SR. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry and spectroscopic techniques for microplastics characterization. Talanta 2021; 224:121743. [PMID: 33379004 PMCID: PMC7879947 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Micro- and nano-scale plastic particles in the environment result from their direct release and degradation of larger plastic debris. Relative to macro-sized plastics, these small particles are of special concern due to their potential impact on marine, freshwater, and terrestrial systems. While microplastic (MP) pollution has been widely studied in geographic regions globally, many questions remain about its origins. It is assumed that urban environments are the main contributors but systematic studies are lacking. The absence of standard methods to characterize and quantify MPs and smaller particles in environmental and biological matrices has hindered progress in understanding their geographic origins and sources, distribution, and impact. Hence, the development and standardization of methods is needed to establish the potential environmental and human health risks. In this study, we investigated stable carbon isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), attenuated total reflectance - Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy (μ-Raman) as complementary techniques for characterization of common plastics. Plastic items selected for comparative analysis included food packaging, containers, straws, and polymer pellets. The ability of IRMS to distinguish weathered samples was also investigated using the simulated weathering conditions of ultraviolet (UV) light and heat. Our IRMS results show a difference between the δ13C values for plant-derived and petroleum-based polymers. We also found differences between plastic items composed of the same polymer but from different countries, and between some recycled and nonrecycled plastics. Furthermore, increasing δ13C values were observed after exposure to UV light. The results of the three techniques, and their advantages and limitations, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn T Birch
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | | | | | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Souhail R Al-Abed
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.
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Weideman EA, Munro C, Perold V, Omardien A, Ryan PG. Ingestion of plastic litter by the sandy anemone Bunodactis reynaudi. Environ Pollut 2020; 267:115543. [PMID: 32892023 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ingestion of anthropogenic litter has been well documented in marine vertebrates, but comparatively little is known about marine invertebrates. We report macrolitter ingestion by the sandy anemone Bunodactis reynaudi at Muizenberg beach in False Bay, South Africa. Monthly surveys from May 2015 to August 2019 collected 491 ingested litter items (9.4 ± 14.9 items·month-1, 39.8 ± 71.5 g·month-1), of which >99% were plastic. The number of ingested items was correlated with the abundance of stranded items and ingestion peaked in autumn when seasonal rains washed more litter into the bay. Most ingested litter was clear (39%), white (16%) and black/purple (15%). Comparison with environmental litter showed selection for flexible plastics, particularly bags/packets and food packaging. Experimental feeding trials found that B. reynaudi selected for pieces of HDPE bag suspended in seawater for 2-20 days, suggesting that biofilms enhance the palatability of flexible plastics. Studies are needed to assess the possible impacts of plastic ingestion on B. reynaudi. While only a small proportion of the population currently ingest litter, ingestion might become more common if environmental litter loads increase. This might negatively affect the anemone's ability to respond to other environmental changes such as increasing levels of heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor A Weideman
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa.
| | - Christie Munro
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Vonica Perold
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | | | - Peter G Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
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Weideman EA, Perold V, Omardien A, Smyth LK, Ryan PG. Quantifying temporal trends in anthropogenic litter in a rocky intertidal habitat. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 160:111543. [PMID: 32836193 PMCID: PMC7441897 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Most monitoring studies of marine anthropogenic debris have focused on sandy beaches, so little is known about litter on rocky shorelines. We surveyed litter trapped on a rocky intertidal shore in False Bay, South Africa, between May 2015 and March 2018. An exceptional upwelling of seabed litter occurred in November 2017 (70 items∙m-1). Excluding this event, monthly clean-ups at spring low tide collected 2 (1.3-3.1) items∙m-1∙month-1 and 31 (19.4-49.4) g∙m-1∙month-1 of which 74% was plastic (31% by mass). Litter loads peaked in autumn when seasonal rains washed litter into False Bay, suggesting that most litter comes from local land-based sources. Litter composition differed from that on a nearby sandy beach, with more glass and other dense items on the rocky shore, but 60% of plastic items floated in water. Sand inundation and biotic interactions helped to trap buoyant plastics in the intertidal zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor A Weideman
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | - Vonica Perold
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | | | - Lucy K Smyth
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Peter G Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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Manullang CY. Distribution of plastic debris pollution and it is implications on mangrove vegetation. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 160:111642. [PMID: 32920254 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution in mangroves located in small islands was not well documented. This study found that mangrove ecosystem in small island was polluted by plastic debris (mainly film: 63% and fiber: 31%). Density of plastic debris in mangrove area was ranging from 10 ± 4 items m-2 to 230 ± 75 items m-2, mean density was 92 ± 28 items m-2. Landward was the most polluted zone mangrove (mean density: 155 ± 58 items m-2) or about 61% of plastic debris was distributed in this zone. This is corresponds to the sources of plastic waste was from land such as households and markets. Mean density of plastic debris was significantly correlated with mangrove health (r2 = 0.59, p = 0.00). This indicated that plastic debris negatively affected mangrove ecosystem directly and indirectly. Effective land-based plastic waste management and actions such as regular beach cleanup are essential to reduce plastic pollution and to ensure mangrove conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corry Yanti Manullang
- Research Center for Deep Sea, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Ambon, Indonesia
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Zhang S, Liu X, Hao X, Wang J, Zhang Y. Distribution of low-density microplastics in the mollisol farmlands of northeast China. Sci Total Environ 2020; 708:135091. [PMID: 31785906 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution, especially microplastic (MP), which is small in size (<5 mm) is one of the main environmental problems in global ecosystems and can cause harm to organisms. Low-density plastic has been widely used in farmlands, but the factors that influence Low-density microplastic (LDMP) distribution are still not clear. In this study, both field investigations at small and large scales and laboratory simulations, and both geostatistics and classical statistics were used to examine LDMP distributions and the main driving factors in farmland soils. The results showed the following. (1) Only polyethylene (PE) of LDMP was found in farmland. (2) The means of LDMP weight content (LDMP-W), LDMP abundance (LDMP-AB) and LDMP area content (LDMP-A) were 0.27 mg kg-1, 107 N kg-1 and 12.6 mm2 kg-1 in mollisol farmlands, respectively. (3) LDMPs were positively correlated with macroplastics (MAP) at the large scale, while any correlations were not obvious at small scales. (4) LDMPs were not only transported by surface soil-water loss (>96%) but were also transported by infiltration through soil pores (<4%). (5). LDMP loss increased with soil bulk density (BD) increasing, and low BD tends to increase LDMP loss by interflow. (6) LDMP distribution was not only influenced by water movement but also maybe influenced by microorganisms and crops. For LDMP pollution control, the focus on both surface soil-water loss and the infiltration processes is necessary, and a combination of the functions of microorganisms and crops probably accelerate LDMP decomposition in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoliang Zhang
- Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Rd, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Xu Liu
- Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Rd, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xinhua Hao
- Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Rd, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jiuqi Wang
- Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Rd, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Rd, Harbin 150030, PR China
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Gómez V, Pozo K, Nuñez D, Přibylová P, Audy O, Baini M, Fossi MC, Klánová J. Marine plastic debris in Central Chile: Characterization and abundance of macroplastics and burden of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 152:110881. [PMID: 32479273 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we characterized plastic debris (PD) found on beaches from Concepción Bay in central Chile during spring 2017 and summer 2018. The identification of polymers was carried out using FT-IR. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were extracted with hexane using an ultrasonic bath and further quantified through GC-MS. The highest abundance of PD was obtained during the summer (4.1 ± 3.7 items/m2), with the most common size range between 2.5 and 10 cm (42%) and the most frequent shape were plastic fragments (44%). FT-IR analysis showed that polypropylene was the most recurrent plastic polymer found. The ∑10PBDEs ranged from 2.1 to 1300 ng/g in spring 2017 and 392 to 3177 ng/g in summer 2018. ∑7PCBs ranged from 0.9 to 93 ng/g during the spring 2017 and 0.3 to 4.5 ng/g for summer 2018. This study is the first with information on POPs occurrence in the plastic debris of central Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Gómez
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Karla Pozo
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Chile; RECETOX (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Dariela Nuñez
- Centro de investigación de polímeros avanzados (CIPA), Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile
| | - Petra Přibylová
- RECETOX (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Audy
- RECETOX (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matteo Baini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Mancia A, Chenet T, Bono G, Geraci ML, Vaccaro C, Munari C, Mistri M, Cavazzini A, Pasti L. Adverse effects of plastic ingestion on the Mediterranean small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula). Mar Environ Res 2020; 155:104876. [PMID: 31965976 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are widely diffused in the oceans and their ingestion by marine organisms is raising concern for potentially adverse effects. The risk of harmful interactions with marine plastic pollution depends on the biology of the species as well as the distribution and abundance of the different plastic types. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of plastic ingestion by the small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula), one of the most abundant elasmobranchs in the Mediterranean Sea. The expression levels of genes indicative of total immune system function were analyzed to gather preliminary data for further investigation of any potential correlations between plastic presence and immune activation. One hundred catsharks were collected during the Spring 2018 in two geographic locations in the southern region of the central Mediterranean Sea: 1) near Mazara del Vallo, SW Sicily and 2) near Lampedusa island, Italy's southernmost. Standard measurements were recorded for each specimen and its organs and sex was determined. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was preserved for plastic detection and identification. Where present, plastics (macro- and micro-) were characterized in terms of size, shape and polymer typology through microscopy and μ-Raman spectroscopy. Spleen from a subset of thirty samples was preserved for RNA extraction, then used to quantify by real time PCR the transcripts of T cell receptor beta (TCRB), T cell receptor delta (TCRD) and IgM genes. The results indicated that ingestion of plastic is widespread, with microplastics (MP, from 1 μm to <1 mm) abundantly present in nearly all samples and macroplasticplastic (MaP, > 1 cm) in approximately 18% of the specimens collected. A significant increase in the expression of TCRB, TCRD and IgM was observed in the spleen of MaP + specimens from Mazara del Vallo waters, in parallel with 67% increase in liver weight. While the presence of MP alone is not enough to induce a strong activation of the immunity, some type of plastics falling into the MaP category may be more toxic than others and crucial in the activation of the immune response. The results of this study represent a first evidence that plastic pollution represents an emerging threat to S. canicula, the Mediterranean food web and human consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalaura Mancia
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Tatiana Chenet
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Bono
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies - IRBIM, National Research Council (CNR), Via Vaccara, 61, 91026, Mazara del Vallo (TP), Italy
| | - Michele Luca Geraci
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies - IRBIM, National Research Council (CNR), Via Vaccara, 61, 91026, Mazara del Vallo (TP), Italy
| | - Carmela Vaccaro
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristina Munari
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Mistri
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luisa Pasti
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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43
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Winton DJ, Anderson LG, Rocliffe S, Loiselle S. Macroplastic pollution in freshwater environments: Focusing public and policy action. Sci Total Environ 2020; 704:135242. [PMID: 31812404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and managing plastic pollution is an increasingly important environmental priority for policy makers, businesses and scientists. Awareness of the potential damage to the world's oceans has grown but there is less attention given to freshwater ecosystems. Yet, rivers are the dominant source of plastic pollution to the marine environment, as well as a potential sink, accumulating plastic from multiple sources. Actions to reduce the presence of macroplastics in rivers is fundamental to conserving both freshwater and marine environments, but there is limited understanding of potential pollution sources, vectors and storage. Importantly, there are only a handful of studies examining the typologies of freshwater macroplastic pollution, often using different categories and collection methods. This impedes setting priorities for scientific investigation and mitigation measures. The present study identifies the most prevalent macroplastic items in freshwater environments in Europe, with a focus on consumer plastic items, i.e. those that could potentially be reduced by targeted actions by the public, as well as industrial and government intervention. Our analysis addresses the differences between reported macroplastics in freshwater and marine environments as well as those estimated from litter rates. Our results identify a macroplastic "top ten", i.e. those dominant plastic typologies that require a more focused effort to reformulate their use and management, as well as setting a common baseline for a more consistent data gathering and reporting approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie J Winton
- Earthwatch Institute (Europe), Mayfield House, 256 Banbury Road, Summertown, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Stephen Rocliffe
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Steven Loiselle
- Earthwatch Institute (Europe), Mayfield House, 256 Banbury Road, Summertown, Oxford, UK; Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, University of Siena, CSGI, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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44
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Julienne F, Delorme N, Lagarde F. From macroplastics to microplastics: Role of water in the fragmentation of polyethylene. Chemosphere 2019; 236:124409. [PMID: 31545205 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the artificial photodegradation of polyethylene films was studied in laboratory to compare the fragmentation pathways of this polymer at air and in water. Oxidation, surface mechanical properties, crystallinity and crack propagation were monitored to investigate their influence on fragmentation. Without any external stress, fragmentation only occurred in water despite a higher level of oxidation for films weathered at air. The cracking of the films did not appear correlated with the oxidation level and the presence of water appeared as a promoter of cracking propagation. The results also showed that the mechanical properties at the surface play a major role in the fragmentation pathway whereas the fabrication process may influence the propagation direction of the cracks. Consequently, the distribution in size of plastic fragments in the aquatic environment may be linked to the nature of the polymer but also to its manufacturing process. In this study, after 25 weeks of weathering in water, 90% of the fragments were >1 mm with very similar shapes showing that micrometric fragments were not yet abundant. These results suggest that long times of weathering in water and many steps of fragmentation appear necessary from macroplastics to reach sizes <1 mm in the aquatic environment. These results constitute a first attempt to understand the pathways leading from macroplastics to microplastics in water. They have to be confirmed for other polymers and the long-term behavior of the fragments needs to be studied to predict their decrease in size among time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanon Julienne
- Le Mans Université, Institute of Molecules and Materials of Le Mans - IMMM-UMR-CNRS 6283, 72085, Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Nicolas Delorme
- Le Mans Université, Institute of Molecules and Materials of Le Mans - IMMM-UMR-CNRS 6283, 72085, Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Fabienne Lagarde
- Le Mans Université, Institute of Molecules and Materials of Le Mans - IMMM-UMR-CNRS 6283, 72085, Le Mans Cedex 9, France.
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45
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Critchell K, Hamann M, Wildermann N, Grech A. Predicting the exposure of coastal species to plastic pollution in a complex island archipelago. Environ Pollut 2019; 252:982-991. [PMID: 31252137 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution in the marine environment is a pervasive and increasing threat to global biodiversity. Prioritising management actions that target marine plastic pollution require spatial information on the dispersal and settlement of plastics from both local and external sources. However, there is a mismatch between the scale of most plastic dispersal studies (regional, national and global) and the scale relevant to management action (local). We use a fine-resolution hydrodynamic model to predict the potential exposure of coastal habitats and species (mangroves, coral reefs and marine turtles) to plastic pollution at the local scale of a management region (the 1,700 km2 Whitsunday Islands, Queensland, Australia). We assessed the potential exposure of mangroves, coral reefs and marine turtles to plastics during the two dominant wind conditions of the region; the trade wind and monsoon wind seasons. We found that in the trade wind season (April to September) all habitats and species had lower exposure than during the monsoon wind season (October to March). In both wind seasons we found a small proportion of coral reef habitat and large area of turtle habitat were in high potential exposure categories. Unlike coral reefs or marine turtles, mangroves had consistent hotspots of high exposure across wind seasons. Local scale management requires data at fine resolution to capture the variability that occurs at this scale. The outputs of our study can inform the development of conservation resources and local scale management action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Critchell
- College of Science and Engineering and TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia; Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Mark Hamann
- College of Science and Engineering and TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Natalie Wildermann
- College of Science and Engineering and TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Alana Grech
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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46
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Rambonnet L, Vink SC, Land-Zandstra AM, Bosker T. Making citizen science count: Best practices and challenges of citizen science projects on plastics in aquatic environments. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 145:271-277. [PMID: 31590787 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable scientific and societal concern about plastic pollution, which has resulted in citizen science projects to study the scale of the issue. Citizen science is a cost-effective way to gather data over a large geographical range while simultaneously raising public awareness on the problem. Because the experiences of researchers involved in these projects are not yet adequately covered, this paper presents the findings from ten semi-structured qualitative interviews with researchers leading a citizen science project on micro- or macroplastics. Our results show it is important to specify the goal(s) of the project and that expertise on communication and data science is needed. Furthermore, simple protocols, quality control, and engagement with volunteers and the public are key elements for successful projects. From these results, a framework with recommendations was drafted, which can be used by anyone who wants to develop or improve citizen science projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte Rambonnet
- Science Communication and Society, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Suzanne C Vink
- Science Communication and Society, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anne M Land-Zandstra
- Science Communication and Society, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Thijs Bosker
- Leiden University College, Leiden University, P.O. Box 13228, 2501 EE The Hague, the Netherlands; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands.
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47
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Yang Y, Liu G, Song W, Ye C, Lin H, Li Z, Liu W. Plastics in the marine environment are reservoirs for antibiotic and metal resistance genes. Environ Int 2019; 123:79-86. [PMID: 30502597 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plastics have been accumulated offshore and in the deep oceans at an unprecedented scale. Microbial communities have colonized the plastisphere, which has become a reservoir for both antibiotic and metal resistance genes (ARGs and MRGs). This is the first analysis of the diversity, abundance, and co-occurrence of ARGs and MRGs, and their relationships within the microbial community, using metagenomic data of plastic particles observed in the North Pacific Gyre obtained from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information Sequence Read Archive database. The abundance of ARGs and MRGs in microbial communities on the plastics were in the ranges 7.07 × 10-4-1.21 × 10-2 and 5.51 × 10-3-4.82 × 10-2 copies per 16S rRNA, respectively. Both the Shannon-Wiener indices and richness of ARGs and MRGs in plastics microbiota were significantly greater than those of ARGs and MRGs in seawater microbiota in the North Pacific Gyre via one-way analysis of variance. Multidrug resistance genes and multi-metal resistance genes were the main classes of genes detected in plastic microbiota. There were no significant differences in the abundance or diversity of ARGs and MRGs between macroplastics biota and microplastics biota, indicating that particle size had no effect on resistance genes. Procrustes analysis suggested that microbial community composition was the determining factor of the ARG profile but not for MRG. Some ARGs and MRGs had a higher incidence of non-random co-occurrence, suggesting that the co-effects of selection for antibiotic or metal resistance are important factors influencing the resistome of the microbiota on the plastic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Guihua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wenjuan Song
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Institute of Environmental Resources and Soil Fertilizers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Zan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Wenzhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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48
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Ho NHE, Not C. Selective accumulation of plastic debris at the breaking wave area of coastal waters. Environ Pollut 2019; 245:702-710. [PMID: 30500749 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, plastic debris has been identified and quantified in the marine environment. Coastal and riverine input have been recognized as sources of plastic debris, whereas oceanic gyres and sediments are understood to be sinks. However, we have a limited understanding of the fate of plastic debris in the nearshore environment. To investigate the movement and distribution of plastic debris in the nearshore environment, we collected samples at three distinct locations: below the high tide line, the turbulent zone created by the combination of breaking wave and backflush (defined as the boundary), and the outer nearshore. We estimated the abundance and physical characteristics (e.g. density, hardness, etc.) of macroplastic and microplastics. Four times and 15 times more macroplastics and microplastics are observed, respectively, at the boundary than in the outer nearshore waters, which suggests an accumulation driven by the physical properties of the plastic particles such as density, buoyancy and surface area. We further report that highly energetic conditions characteristic of the boundary area promote the long-term suspension and/or degradation of low density, highly buoyant or large surface area plastic debris, leading to their preferential accumulation at the boundary. Contrastingly, denser and low surface area plastic pieces were transported to the outer nearshore. These results emphasize the role of selective plastic movement at the nearshore driven by physical properties, but also by the combined effects of several hydrodynamics forces like wave action, wind or tide in the resuspension, as well as degradation and transport of plastic debris out of the nearshore environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngai Hei Ernest Ho
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Christelle Not
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Swire Institute of Marine Science, University of Hong Kong, Cape d'Aguilar Road, Shek O, Hong Kong.
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49
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Hinata H, Mori K, Ohno K, Miyao Y, Kataoka T. An estimation of the average residence times and onshore-offshore diffusivities of beached microplastics based on the population decay of tagged meso- and macrolitter. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 122:17-26. [PMID: 28624357 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Residence times of microplastics were estimated based on the dependence of meso- and macrolitter residence times on their upward terminal velocities (UTVs) in the ocean obtained by one- and two-year mark-recapture experiments conducted on Wadahama Beach, Nii-jima Island, Japan. A significant linear relationship between the residence time and UTV was found in the velocity range of about 0.3-0.9ms-1, while there was no significant difference between the residence times obtained in the velocity range of about 0.9-1.4ms-1. This dependence on the UTV would reflect the uprush-backwash response of the target items to swash waves on the beach. By extrapolating the linear relationship down to the velocity range of microplastics, the residence times of microplastics and the 1D onshore-offshore diffusion coefficients were inferred, and are one to two orders of magnitude greater than the coefficients of the macroplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Hinata
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
| | - Keita Mori
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ohno
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Miyao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kataoka
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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50
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García-Rivera S, Lizaso JLS, Millán JMB. Composition, spatial distribution and sources of macro-marine litter on the Gulf of Alicante seafloor (Spanish Mediterranean). Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 121:249-259. [PMID: 28619627 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The composition, spatial distribution and source of marine litter in the Spanish Southeast Mediterranean were assessed. The data proceed from a marine litter retention programme implemented by commercial trawlers and were analysed by GIS. By weight, 75.9% was plastic, metal and glass. Glass and plastics were mainly found close to the coast. A high concentration of metal was observed in some isolated zones of both open and coastal waters. Fishing activity was the source of 29.16% of the macro-marine litter, almost 68.1% of the plastics, and 25.1% of the metal. The source of the other 60.84% could not be directly identified, revealing the high degree of uncertainty regarding its specific origin. Indirectly however, a qualitative analysis of marine traffic shows that the likely sources were merchant ships mainly in open waters and recreational and fishing vessels in coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago García-Rivera
- Unidad de Biología Marina, Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, PO Box 99, Edificio Ciencias V, Campus de San Vicente del Raspeig, E-03080 Alicante, Spain; Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia (IEO), C/Varadero 1, Apdo. 22, San Pedro del Pinatar, 30740 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Jose Luis Sánchez Lizaso
- Unidad de Biología Marina, Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, PO Box 99, Edificio Ciencias V, Campus de San Vicente del Raspeig, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Jose María Bellido Millán
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia (IEO), C/Varadero 1, Apdo. 22, San Pedro del Pinatar, 30740 Murcia, Spain.
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