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Schmitt GT, Caetano MO, Marques VM, Kieling AG, Launay M, Acosta Muñiz LI, Gomes LP. Comparison of 17β-estradiol, bisphenol-A and caffeine concentration levels before and after the water treatment plant. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2023; 21:1716-1726. [PMID: 38017601 PMCID: wh_2023_234 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
This article compares the concentration levels of 17β-estradiol (E2), bisphenol-A (BPA) and caffeine (CAF) in the Sinos River, Brazil, which is a source of drinking water and the presence of contaminants after the conventional treatment in a municipal water treatment plant (WTP). A total of nine sampling campaigns were carried out, with sample collection in the Sinos River, upstream and downstream of the WTP, in addition to a drinking water sample (DW). The samples were extracted with solid phase extraction (SPE) and the concentration by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The maximum concentration in the Sinos River was 6,127.99 ng·L-1 for E2, 3,294.63 ng·L-1 for BPA and 1,221.95 ng·L-1 for CAF. In drinking water, the concentration range of E2, BPA and CAF was from less than the Detection Limit (DL) up to 437.50 ng·L-1,
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela Taís Schmitt
- Civil Engineering Post-Graduate Program, Unisinos University, São Leopoldo, Brazil E-mail:
| | | | | | | | - Marie Launay
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management (ISWA), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lilia Itzel Acosta Muñiz
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management (ISWA), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Luciana Paulo Gomes
- Civil Engineering Post-Graduate Program, Unisinos University, São Leopoldo, Brazil
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2
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Sukatis FF, Wee SY, Aris AZ. Potential of biocompatible calcium-based metal-organic frameworks for the removal of endocrine-disrupting compounds in aqueous environments. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 218:118406. [PMID: 35525031 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rapid urbanization, industrialization and population growth have accelerated the amount and variety of emerging contaminants being released into the aqueous environment, including endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). The introduction of these compounds constitutes a threat to human health and the environment, even at trace levels. Hence, new water treatment technologies are urgently required to effectively remove EDCs from water. The currently available technologies used in water remediation processes are expensive and ineffective, and some produce harmful by-products. Calcium-based metal-organic frameworks (Ca-MOFs) are porous synthetic materials that can potentially be applied as adsorbents. These MOFs are hydrolytically stable, biocompatible and low-cost compared with conventional porous materials. The structure of Ca-MOFs is maintained even though calcium metal centers in the structure can easily coordinate with water. Ca-MOFs and their composite derivatives have the potential for use in water purification because these biocompatible adsorbents have been shown to selectively extract a significant quantity of contaminants. This review highlights the potential of Ca-MOFs to adsorb EDCs from aqueous environments and discusses adsorbent preparation methods, adsorption mechanisms, removal capacity, water stability and recyclability. This review will support future efforts in synthesizing new biocompatible MOFs as an environmental treatment technology that can effectively remove EDCs from water, thereby improving environmental and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahren Fazzer Sukatis
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sze Yee Wee
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
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3
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Svigruha R, Fodor I, Padisak J, Pirger Z. Progestogen-induced alterations and their ecological relevance in different embryonic and adult behaviours of an invertebrate model species, the great pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:59391-59402. [PMID: 33349911 PMCID: PMC8542004 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The presence of oral contraceptives (basically applying estrogens and/or progestogens) poses a challenge to animals living in aquatic ecosystems and reflects a rapidly growing concern worldwide. However, there is still a lack in knowledge about the behavioural effects induced by progestogens on the non-target species including molluscs. In the present study, environmental progestogen concentrations were summarised. Knowing this data, we exposed a well-established invertebrate model species, the great pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis) to relevant equi-concentrations (1, 10, 100, and 500 ng L-1) of mixtures of four progestogens (progesterone, drospirenone, gestodene, levonorgestrel) for 21 days. Significant alterations were observed in the embryonic development time, heart rate, feeding, and gliding activities of the embryos as well as in the feeding and locomotion activity of the adult specimens. All of the mixtures accelerated the embryonic development time and the gliding activity. Furthermore, the 10, 100, and 500 ng L-1 mixtures increased the heart rate and feeding activity of the embryos. The 10, 100, and 500 ng L-1 mixtures affected the feeding activity as well as the 1, 10, and 100 ng L-1 mixtures influenced the locomotion of the adult specimens. The differences of these adult behaviours showed a biphasic response to the progestogen exposure; however, they changed approximately in the opposite way. In case of feeding activity, this dose-response phenomenon can be identified as a hormesis response. Based on the authors' best knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the non-reproductive effects of progestogens occurring also in the environment on molluscan species. Our findings contribute to the global understanding of the effects of human progestogens, as these potential disruptors can influence the behavioural activities of non-target aquatic species. Future research should aim to understand the potential mechanisms (e.g., receptors, signal pathways) of progestogens induced behavioural alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reka Svigruha
- Department of Limnology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
- NAP Adaptive Neuroethology Research Group, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, 8237, Hungary
| | - Istvan Fodor
- NAP Adaptive Neuroethology Research Group, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, 8237, Hungary
| | - Judit Padisak
- Department of Limnology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Pirger
- NAP Adaptive Neuroethology Research Group, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, 8237, Hungary.
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Svigruha R, Fodor I, Győri J, Schmidt J, Padisák J, Pirger Z. Effects of chronic sublethal progestogen exposure on development, reproduction, and detoxification system of water flea, Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147113. [PMID: 33892323 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of sex steroid hormones in aquatic ecosystems is of rapidly growing concern worldwide since they can affect the different non-target species including cladocerans. Although data are available on the effects of estrogens on the well-established ecotoxicological model organism Daphnia magna, the molecular or behavioural alterations induced by environmentally relevant concentrations (from a few ng L-1 to a few hundred ng L-1 in average) of progestogens have not been investigated on this species. In the present study, we exposed neonates of D. magna to relevant equi-concentrations (1, 10, 100, 500 ng L-1) of mixtures of four progestogens (progesterone, drospirenone, gestodene, levonorgestrel) in short-term (6 days) and long-term (21 days) experiments. Significant alterations were observed at the molecular, cellular, and individual levels. During the short-term exposure, all of the mixtures increased the gene expression of glutathione S-transferase (GST) detoxification enzyme, moreover, the activity of GST was also significantly increased at the concentrations of 10, 100, and 500 ng L-1. In long-term exposure, the number of days until production of the first eggs was reduced at the 10 ng L-1 concentration compared to control, furthermore, the maximum egg number per individual increased at the concentrations of 1 and 10 ng L-1. Based on the authors' best knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effects of progestogens in mixtures and at environmentally relevant concentrations on D. magna. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the possible physiological effects of human progestogens. Future research should be aimed at understanding the potential mechanisms (e.g., perception) underlying the changes induced by progestogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Svigruha
- Research Group of Limnology, Centre of Natural Sciences, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary; NAP Adaptive Neuroethology, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 8237 Tihany, Hungary; Ecophysiology and Environmental Toxicology, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - István Fodor
- NAP Adaptive Neuroethology, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 8237 Tihany, Hungary; Ecophysiology and Environmental Toxicology, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - János Győri
- Ecophysiology and Environmental Toxicology, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - János Schmidt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Judit Padisák
- Research Group of Limnology, Centre of Natural Sciences, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Pirger
- NAP Adaptive Neuroethology, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 8237 Tihany, Hungary; Ecophysiology and Environmental Toxicology, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 8237 Tihany, Hungary.
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Li Y, Liu H, Zhang L, Lou C, Wang Y. Phenols in soils and agricultural products irrigated with reclaimed water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 276:116690. [PMID: 33652187 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of phenols, such as nonylphenol (NP), bisphenol (BPA), and octylphenol (OP), in the environment have been receiving increased attention due to their potential risks to human health and environment. The use of reclaimed water for irrigation may be one of the sources of these phenols in the agricultural system. A field experiment was conducted to assess the effects of reclaimed water irrigation on phenol contamination of agricultural topsoil and products in the North China Plain between 2015 and 2016. Three irrigation treatments were applied to all crops: reclaimed water irrigation, groundwater irrigation and alternative irrigation with reclaimed water and groundwater (1:1, v/v). The results showed that the concentrations of NP, BPA, and OP in the topsoil were 0.02-0.54, 0.004-0.06, and ND-9.9 × 10-3 mg/kg, respectively; the corresponding values in agricultural products were 0.007-0.70, 0.004-0.24, and ND-1.08 mg/kg, respectively. The concentration of NP in the topsoil and agricultural products and that of BPA in the agricultural products were all less than the recommended limits. The yields of wheat, maize, vegetables were 4.35-7.08, 1.03-6.46, and 10.9-67.0 t/ha, respectively. The bioaccumulation factors (BCFs) of OP, NP, and BPA for cereals were 0.7-4.77, 0.16-4.59, and 1.3-23.9, respectively; the corresponding values in vegetables were 0.0-4.53 (except cucumber and eggplant), 0.38-12.6, and 0.57-24.3, respectively. No significant differences in phenol concentrations, BCFs, or yields of wheat and vegetables were observed among the three irrigation treatments. In conclusion, compared with groundwater irrigation, reclaimed water irrigation in this experiment did not significantly affect phenol concentrations in the topsoil and agricultural products as well as BCFs and yields of wheat and vegetables. However, because the quality of reclaimed water may vary across collected areas, additional experiments are warranted to analyze the effects of reclaimed water irrigation on the risk of phenol contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Honglu Liu
- Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Chunhua Lou
- Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Yitong Wang
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Wang H, Liu ZH, Tang Z, Zhang J, Dang Z, Liu Y. Possible overestimation of bisphenol analogues in municipal wastewater analyzed with GC-MS. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 273:116505. [PMID: 33484998 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work for the first time showed that sulfated BPA could be directly analyzed as BPA with GC-MS after the derivatization with N,O-bis-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA)+1% trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS), i.e. the deconjugation step was not necessary. This was because sulfated BPA indeed could be simultaneously deconjugated and derivatized to BPA derivative during derivatization, suggesting that any co-elution of BPA and sulfated BPA during sample extraction led to BPA overestimation in the GC-MS method with BSTFA +1% TMCS as the derivative reagent. Using BPA 4,4'-disulfates (BPA diS) as the pure standard, the co-elution phenomena of sulfated BPA was confirmed with two widely used elution solvents (i.e. methanol and ethyl acetate) or their mixed solutions with different ratios, which further suggested if only sulfated BPA existed in any wastewater sample, BPA was likely over-determined. To further confirm this finding, both influent and effluent samples collected from a local municipal wastewater treatment plant were analyzed, which clearly showed the overestimation of BPA in the two wastewaters due to co-existence of sulfated BPA in the wastewater samples. In addition to BPA, the results also showed the overestimation of other nine bisphenol analogues. As sulfated micropollutants including estrogens, androgens, phytoestrogens, etc., have been widely found in municipal wastewater, the overestimating phenomenon observed in this study may also be extended to determination of other micropollutants, which should be addressed in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Hua Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Key Lab Pollution Control & Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006; Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environment Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhao Tang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
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Tang Z, Liu ZH, Wang H, Dang Z, Yin H, Zhou Y, Liu Y. Trace determination of eleven natural estrogens and insights from their occurrence in a municipal wastewater treatment plant and river water. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 182:115976. [PMID: 32622129 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
As endocrine disruptors, natural estrogens including estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3) in wastewaters of municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) as well as other environmental matrix have been widely studied. However, the far-less studied natural estrogens such as 2-hydroxyestrone (2OHE1), 16α-hydroxyestrone (16α-OHE1), 4-hydroxyestrone (4OHE1), etc., found in human urine have been almost ignored. Therefore, it is important to investigate the occurrence of these far-less studied natural estrogens in municipal WWTP and other environment. In this study, a GC-MS analytical method was firstly established and validated for trace determination of eleven natural estrogens in waste and surface waters, including E1, E2, E3, 2OHE1, 16α-OHE1, 4OHE1, 2-hydroxyestradiol (2OHE2), 4-hydroxyestradiol (4OHE2), 17-epiestriol (17epiE3), 16-epiestriol (16epiE3), and 16keto-estradiol (16ketoE2). All the eleven natural estrogens were detected in the influent of one municipal WWTP, which ranged from 7.9 to 62.9 ng/L. The top five natural estrogens in the influent were E1, E3, 16α-OHE1, 16ketoE2, and 2OHE1 with respective concentrations of 62.9, 62.6, 46.9, 32.7, and 28.8 ng/L. Most of them were detected in both the effluent and river water, in which their detected concentrations were n.d-14.7 and n.d-51.7 ng/L, respectively. This work is the first to indicate that the so far less commonly studied natural estrogens in the environment likely pose adverse health effect on humans and wildlife due to their relative strong estrogenic potencies and high levels in wastewater and river water. More work should be done to understand their removals in municipal WWTPs and their occurrence in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Tang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Hua Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Key Lab Pollution Control & Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environment Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Lab Pollution Control & Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- Key Lab Pollution Control & Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Yin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
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Hacıosmanoğlu GG, Doğruel T, Genç S, Oner ET, Can ZS. Adsorptive removal of bisphenol A from aqueous solutions using phosphonated levan. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 374:43-49. [PMID: 30978629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the potential use of phosphonated Halomonas Levan (PhHL) as a natural and cost effective adsorbent for Bisphenol A (BPA), was systematically investigated via the study of the adsorption equilibrium, kinetics, and reuse potential as well as the interpretation of adsorption mechanism. The effects of pH and temperature on the adsorption were also evaluated. The maximum amount of BPA adsorbed on the unit weight of PhHL was determined as 104.8 (∓5.02) mg/g (at 298 K) and the maximum adsorption capacity was calculated as 126.6 mg/g by Sips model. FTIR and XPS studies were conducted to elucidate the adsorption mechanism. Based on the obtained results OH-pi and CH-pi interactions were found to be effective in the adsorption mechanism. The reuse ability was studied with three cycles of adsorption-desorption, and the results showed that the BPA adsorbed per gram of the PhHL decreased 28.6% after the third cycle. This study has shown that PhHL can be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of BPA from aqueous solutions. The obtained results may be useful in the development of PhHL based adsorption systems for the removal of EDCs with similar chemical properties to BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuğçe Doğruel
- Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology (IBSB), Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seval Genç
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Toksoy Oner
- Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology (IBSB), Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Semra Can
- Environmental Engineering Department, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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García-Córcoles MT, Rodríguez-Gómez R, de Alarcón-Gómez B, Çipa M, Martín-Pozo L, Kauffmann JM, Zafra-Gómez A. Chromatographic Methods for the Determination of Emerging Contaminants in Natural Water and Wastewater Samples: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 49:160-186. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1496010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. T. García-Córcoles
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - R. Rodríguez-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - B. de Alarcón-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M. Çipa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - J.-M. Kauffmann
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A. Zafra-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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11
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Maurício R, Dias R, Ribeiro V, Fernandes S, Vicente AC, Pinto MI, Noronha JP, Amaral L, Coelho P, Mano AP. 17α-Ethinylestradiol and 17β-estradiol removal from a secondary urban wastewater using an RBC treatment system. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:320. [PMID: 29717352 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of micropollutants that include endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDC) in aquatic environments is currently one of the most relevant aspects of water quality due to their adverse effects on aquatic organisms and human health. From the several categories of EDC, 17β-estradiol (E2) is a natural hormone, which is prevalent in vertebrates, associated with the female reproductive system and maintenance of the sexual characters. 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) is a synthetic hormone produced from the natural hormone E2 and is an essential component of oral contraceptives. These compounds are susceptible to bioconcentration and have high potential to bioaccumulation. Wastewater treatment plants are the main point source of E2 and EE2 into aquatic environments, but conventional wastewater treatment systems are not specifically designed for steroid removal. To overcome this problem, biological tertiary treatment may be a solution for the removal of emergent pollutants such as E2 and EE2. The main purpose of the present study is to provide a solution based on the optimization of a rotating biological contactor system to remove estrogens, specifically E2 and EE2, and to quantify their removal efficiency on different matrices, namely real wastewater and different synthetic wastewaters. All assays presented viable removal efficiencies for compound E2 with values always above 50%; real wastewater yielded the highest removal efficiencies. EE2 removal had better removal efficiencies with synthetic wastewater as feed solution, with removals above 15%, whereas the removal efficiency with real wastewater was inexistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Maurício
- CENSE, Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering; NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - R Dias
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - V Ribeiro
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - S Fernandes
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - A C Vicente
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - M I Pinto
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - J P Noronha
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - L Amaral
- CENSE, Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering; NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - P Coelho
- MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - A P Mano
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
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Maasz G, Zrinyi Z, Takacs P, Lovas S, Fodor I, Kiss T, Pirger Z. Complex molecular changes induced by chronic progestogens exposure in roach, Rutilus rutilus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 139:9-17. [PMID: 28092737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, we measured 0.23-13.67ng/L progestogens (progesterone, drospirenone, levonorgestrel) in natural waters in the catchment area of the largest shallow lake of Central Europe, Lake Balaton. Progestogen contaminations act as potent steroids with mixed progestagenic, androgenic and mild estrogenic effects that is why our aim was to investigate the morphological and molecular effects of mixture of progesterone, drospirenone, and levonorgestrel in environmentally relevant (10ng/L) and higher (50 and 500ng/L) exposure concentrations in common roach, Rutilus rutilus. Steroids (e.g. progestogens) and the protein deglycase DJ-1 chaperon molecule aim the same target molecules in cells, therefore, we hypothesized that a relationship may exist between progestogens and DJ-1. Furthermore, our other aim was to follow the changes of signal molecules of different biological function due to progestogen treatment in serum and brain. Adult roaches were exposed to 10, 50 and 500ng/L of mixture of progestogen for 42 days and their somatic indices (brain-somatic, liver-somatic, gonadosomatic and kidney-somatic) were measured. Vitellogenin (VTG) expression (estrogen effect) or inhibition (androgen effect) in fish is a widely used biomarker so we measured its changes in liver by ELISA. To determine the quantity and to map the spatial distribution of DJ-1 chaperon protein the brain and liver tissues were analyzed by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we also studied molecular alterations: a) in the serum by measuring cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride concentrations and b) in brain homogenate using a cell stress array kit (26 protein). The somatic index of liver and kidney significantly in all the treated groups, whereas the gonadosomatic index of 500ng/L treated group showed significant decrease compared to control animals. VTG level increased significantly in 500ng/L progestogen treated group. Since the concentration of DJ-1 significantly increased in brain and liver in all progestogen treatment groups, the DJ-1 protein could be able to a more sensitive marker than VTG. Serum LDL and cholesterol levels of exposed fish were significantly decreased. DJ-1 was mediated through the stimulation of the expression of LDL-receptor which facilitates reuptake subsequently. In summary, our observations unfolded new data about molecular alterations induced by the combined action of environmental progestogens. In addition, the DJ-1 chaperon protein as a possible biomarker helped to trace the abiotic chemical environmental contaminations, like progestogens in the freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Maasz
- MTA-ÖK BLI NAP_B Adaptive Neuroethology, MTA-Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, 8237 Tihany, Hungary.
| | - Zita Zrinyi
- MTA-ÖK BLI NAP_B Adaptive Neuroethology, MTA-Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, 8237 Tihany, Hungary.
| | - Peter Takacs
- Department of Hydrozoology, MTA-Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, 8237 Tihany, Hungary.
| | - Sandor Lovas
- MTA-ÖK BLI NAP_B Adaptive Neuroethology, MTA-Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, 8237 Tihany, Hungary.
| | - Istvan Fodor
- MTA-ÖK BLI NAP_B Adaptive Neuroethology, MTA-Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, 8237 Tihany, Hungary.
| | - Tibor Kiss
- Chemical Ecology and Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Zoology, MTA-Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, 8237 Tihany, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Pirger
- MTA-ÖK BLI NAP_B Adaptive Neuroethology, MTA-Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, 8237 Tihany, Hungary.
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13
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Dotan P, Tal A, Arnon S. A simple model for estimating the concentrations of natural estrogens in raw wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:588-594. [PMID: 27622697 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a tool for predicting the concentrations of the natural estrogens (NEs) estrone, 17β-estradiol and estriol in raw wastewater (WW). Data characterizing the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), NE concentrations, and discharges of raw sewage to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were collected from various publications and used in the model formulation. A strong correlation was found between the log transformed BOD and the log transformed estrone load (r2=0.84, n=61), the log transformed 17β-estradiol load (r2=0.89, n=52) and the log transformed estriol load (r2=0.80, n=40). The models are reasonably accurate when compared to the measured concentrations and slightly better than previous modeling efforts. The relative amounts of data falling within ±50% error were 67% for estrone, 63% for 17β-estradiol, and 55% for estriol. Because the model was developed from a wide array of WWTPs from five continents, it is universal and can be used for projecting concentrations of NEs from a wide range of mixed domestic and industrial sources, but may be less precise when sources contain high levels of NEs or BOD (e.g., WW from dairy farms and food processing plants). The model is expected to improve our ability to predict the fate of NEs in WWTPs and in the receiving environment, which currently relies on estimating the concentrations of NEs in raw wastewater. Its application is especially valuable since direct measurement of NEs in raw WW is expensive and practically impossible in many developing countries due to the lack of expertise and funds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pniela Dotan
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer 84990, Israel
| | - Alon Tal
- Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel
| | - Shai Arnon
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer 84990, Israel.
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14
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Li Z, Xiang X, Li M, Ma Y, Wang J, Liu X. Occurrence and risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products and endocrine disrupting chemicals in reclaimed water and receiving groundwater in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 119:74-80. [PMID: 25982733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater recharge using reclaimed water is considered a promising method to alleviate groundwater depletion. However, pollutants in reclaimed water could be recharged into groundwater during this process, thereby posing a risk to groundwater and human health. In this study, 12 cities in northern China were selected for reclaimed water and groundwater sampling. Analysis of the samples revealed the presence of nine pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) and five endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). In reclaimed water, all the PPCPs and EDCs were found, with sulpiride (SP) and estriol (E3) being most frequently detected. In groundwater samples, only ketoprofen (KP), mefenamic acid (MA), nalidixic acid (NA) and SP were detected among PPCPs, while bisphenol-A (BPA) was dominant among the target EDCs. The risk quotients (RQs) of all target PPCPs and EDCs except 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and E3 were below 1 in groundwater samples, indicating that EE2 and E3 deserve priority preferential treatment before recharging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xi Xiang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Miao Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yeping Ma
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jihua Wang
- Life Science and Technology College, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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15
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Liu ZH, Lu GN, Yin H, Dang Z. Estimated human excretion rates of natural estrogens calculated from their concentrations in raw municipal wastewater and its application. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:9554-9562. [PMID: 25801372 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4369-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural estrogens are important endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), which may pose adverse effects on our environment. To avoid time-consuming sample preparation and chemical analysis, estimation of their concentrations in municipal wastewater based on their human urine/feces excretion rates has been generally adopted. However, the data of excretion rates available are very limited and show significant difference among countries. In the context of increasing reporting on the concentrations of natural estrogens in municipal wastewater around the world, this study presented a simple method to estimate their human excretion rates based on the concentrations of natural estrogens in raw sewage. The estimated human excretion rates of natural estrogens among ten countries were obtained, which totally covered over 33 million population. Among these, Brazilians had the largest excretion rates with estrone (E1) and 17β-estradiol (E2) as 236.9 and 60 μg/day/P, respectively, while Iran had the lowest value of 2 μg/day/P for E1 and 0.5 μg/day/P for E2. The average estimated human excretion rates of E1, E2, and estriol (E3) are 17.3, 6.4, and 39.7 μg/day/P, respectively. When the estimated human excretion rates obtained were applied for prediction, the predicted results showed better accuracies than those based on human urinary/feces excretion rates. The method in this study is simple, cost-effective and time-saving, which may be widely applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hua Liu
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China,
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16
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Liu ZH, Lu GN, Yin H, Dang Z. Do we underestimate the concentration of estriol in raw municipal wastewater? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:4753-4758. [PMID: 25537286 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3981-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The main source of natural estrogens to municipal wastewater is human excretions via urine or feces, thus their concentrations in raw wastewater should show positive linear relationship with their human excretions. This study mainly focused on their concentration relationship in raw wastewater. Based on comparison between chemical analyses and predictions through human excretion rates, the observed concentrations of estriol (E 3) in municipal wastewater were found to be noticeably lower than the predicted values. The main cause for the disparity is that substantial conjugated E 3 also exists in raw wastewater. This work suggested that monitoring both E 3 and its conjugates is necessary to get more accurate E 3 removal performance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-hua Liu
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China,
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