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Astolfi ML, Massimi L, Rapa M, Plà RR, Jasan RC, Tudino MB, Canepari S, Conti ME. A multi-analytical approach to studying the chemical composition of typical carbon sink samples. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7971. [PMID: 37198446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Peatlands in southern South America (Tierra del Fuego region, TdF) play a key role in the ecological dynamics of Patagonia. It is, therefore, necessary to increase our knowledge and awareness of their scientific and ecological value to ensure their conservation. This study aimed to assess the differences in the distribution and accumulation of elements in peat deposits and Sphagnum moss from the TdF. Chemical and morphological characterization of the samples was carried out using various analytical techniques, and total levels of 53 elements were determined. Furthermore, a chemometric differentiation based on the elemental content of peat and moss samples was performed. Some elements (Cs, Hf, K, Li, Mn, Na, Pb, Rb, Si, Sn, Ti and Zn) showed significantly higher contents in moss samples than in peat samples. In contrast, only Mo, S and Zr were significantly higher in peat samples than in moss samples. The results obtained highlight the ability of moss to accumulate elements and to act as a means to facilitate the entry of elements into peat samples. The valuable data obtained in this multi-methodological baseline survey can be used for more effective conservation of biodiversity and preservation of the ecosystem services of the TdF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Astolfi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
- CIABC, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Massimi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
- C.N.R. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Via Salaria, Km 29,300, Monterotondo St., 00015, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Rapa
- Department of Management, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Rosa Plà
- Departamento Química Nuclear, Gerencia Química Nuclear y Ciencias de la Salud (GAATN), Centro Atómico Ezeiza, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Av. Presbítero J. González y Aragón 15 (CP B1802AYA), Ezeiza, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Raquel Clara Jasan
- Departamento Química Nuclear, Gerencia Química Nuclear y Ciencias de la Salud (GAATN), Centro Atómico Ezeiza, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Av. Presbítero J. González y Aragón 15 (CP B1802AYA), Ezeiza, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mabel Beatriz Tudino
- INQUIMAE, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Canepari
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
- C.N.R. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Via Salaria, Km 29,300, Monterotondo St., 00015, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcelo Enrique Conti
- Department of Management, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Siwulski M, Niedzielski P, Budka A, Budzyńska S, Kuczyńska-Kippen N, Kalač P, Sobieralski K, Mleczek M. Patterns of changes in the mineral composition of Agaricus bisporus cultivated in Poland between 1977 and 2020. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Investigating the Mineral Composition of Peat by Combining FTIR-ATR and Multivariate Analysis. MINERALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/min11101084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mineral content of peat has received little attention until the last few decades, when peat cores have been increasingly used to study past dust deposition. Paleodust deposition is commonly reconstructed through elemental datasets, which are used to infer deposition rates, storminess patterns, mineral composition, source identification, and fertilization effects. To date, only a few studies have directly analyzed the mineralogy (by XRD and SEM) and particle size of peat mineral matter, and the conducted studies have usually been constrained by the need to remove a large amount of organic matter, which risks altering the mineral component. One alternative is to use quick, nondestructive techniques, such as FTIR-ATR, that require little sample preparation. In this study, we analyzed by FTIR-ATR both the bulk peat and ash fractions of a sequence taken in a minerogenic mire that covered a wide inorganic matter content range (6%–57%). Aided by principal component analysis on transposed IR spectral data, we were able to identify the main minerals in bulk peat and ash, quartz, mica (likely muscovite), K feldspar (likely microcline), and plagioclase (likely anorthite), which are consistent with the local geology of the mire catchment. Changes in mineral composition during the last ca. 2800 years were coeval with previously reconstructed environmental changes using the same core. Our results suggest that FTIR-ATR has great potential to investigate peat mineral matter and the processes that drive its compositional change.
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Smieja-Król B, Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł B, Michalska A, Krzykawski T, Smołka-Danielowska D. Deposition of mullite in peatlands of southern Poland: Implications for recording large-scale industrial processes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:717-727. [PMID: 31035154 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mullite, a pure aluminosilicate (Al6Si2O13), is a rare natural rock component, known for centuries as a very resistant ceramic material. It is also a common waste product of high-temperature coal combustion that is emitted in quantity from coal-based power stations. The occurrence of mullite in two Sphagnum-dominated peatlands located near the Upper Silesia industrial region in southern Poland is described. For the first time, a complete record of mullite deposition in the peat profiles has been obtained by XRD analyses of ashed peat samples. The mullite distribution is compared with records of Hg, Pb and Cu. While mullite is supplied during high temperature processes only, Cu, Pb and Hg show more complex pattern of distribution. Both peat profiles contain elevated amounts of mullite in the time span between ca 1950-1990 with a maximum content in ca 1980. The first appearance (∼1900) of mullite is indicative of the beginning of energy production in coal-based power plants in the region. Mullite is proposed here as an indicator of industrialization in geological records. It is resistant to post-depositional processes, emitted globally, and restricted to large-scale industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Smieja-Król
- Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, Będzińska 60, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Barbara Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł
- Institute of Geoinformation and Geoecology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Krygowskiego 10, 61-680, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Michalska
- Department of Environmental Monitoring, Central Mining Institute, Plac Gwarków 1, 40-166, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Krzykawski
- Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, Będzińska 60, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
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Authigenic and Detrital Minerals in Peat Environment of Vasyugan Swamp, Western Siberia. MINERALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/min8110500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies of mineral-forming processes in modern peat bogs can shed light on metal concentrations and their cycling in similar environments, especially in geological paleoanalogs. In terms of the mineralogical and geochemical evolution of peat bog environments, the Vasyugan Swamp in Western Siberia is a unique scientific object. Twelve peat samples were collected from the Vasyugan Swamp up to the depth of 275 cm at 25 cm intervals. The studied peat deposit section is represented by oligotrophic (0–100 cm), mesotrophic (100–175 cm), and eutrophic (175–275 cm) peat, and this is underlain by basal sediments (from 275 cm). About 30 minerals were detected using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The observed minerals are divided into detrital, clay, and authigenic phases. The detrital minerals found included quartz, feldspar, ilmenite, rutile, magnetite, zircon, and monazite. When passing from basal to oligotrophic bog sediments, the clay minerals changed from illite-smectite to kaolinite. Authigenic minerals are represented by carbonates (calcite and dolomite), iron (hydro-)oxides, galena, sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, Zn-Pb-S mineral, barite, baritocelestine, celestine, tetrahedrite, cassiterite, REE phosphate, etc. The regular distribution of mineral inclusions in peat is associated with the (bio)geochemical evolution of the environment. The formation of authigenic Zn, Pb and Sb sulfides is mainly confined to anaerobic conditions that exist in the eutrophic peat and basal sediments. The maximum amount of pyrite is associated with the interval of 225–250 cm, which is the zone of transition from basal sediments to eutrophic peat. The formation of carbonate minerals and the decreasing concentration of clay in the association with local sulfide formation (galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, stibnite) begins above this interval. The peak of specific carbonation appears in the 125–150 cm interval of the mesotrophic peat, which is characterized by pH 4.9–4.5 of pore water. Kaolinite is the dominant clay mineral in the oligotrophic peat. Gypsum, galena, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and relicts of carbonate are noted in association with kaolinite. Changes in oxygen concentrations are reflected in newly formed mineral associations in corresponding intervals of the peat. This can be explained by the activity of microbiological processes such as the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) and bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR), expressed in specific carbonatization (100–225 cm) and sulfidization (175–250 cm), respectively.
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Mróz T, Łokas E, Kocurek J, Gąsiorek M. Atmospheric fallout radionuclides in peatland from Southern Poland. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 175-176:25-33. [PMID: 28431374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two peat profiles were collected in a peat bog located in Southern Poland and their geochronology were determined using 210Pb, 238,239+240Pu and 137Cs radiometric techniques. The 210Pb chronologies were established using the constant rate of supply model (CRS) and are in good agreement with the Pu isotopes and 137Cs time markers. Maximum activities of Pu isotopes were found at a depth corresponding to the early 1960s, which is the period characterized by the maximum nuclear weapon tests. The results showed that the 210Pb method is the most accurate technique for the determination age and accumulation rate of a peat. The next part of this study calculated linear accumulation rates by analyzing 238,239+240Pu and 137Cs vertical distributions in the profiles. Activities of fallout isotopes were also measured in plants covering the peatland. The highest activities of 137Cs and 210Pb were found in Calluna vulgaris samples, and 239+240Pu were found only in two samples (C. vulgaris and leaves of Oxycoccus quadripelatus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Mróz
- Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchorążych 2 30-084 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Edyta Łokas
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Justyna Kocurek
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 31-120 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Michał Gąsiorek
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland.
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Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł B, Smieja-Król B, Frontasyeva M, Słowiński M, Marcisz K, Lapshina E, Gilbert D, Buttler A, Jassey VEJ, Kaliszan K, Laggoun-Défarge F, Kołaczek P, Lamentowicz M. Anthropogenic- and natural sources of dust in peatland during the Anthropocene. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38731. [PMID: 27995953 PMCID: PMC5171771 DOI: 10.1038/srep38731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As human impact have been increasing strongly over the last decades, it is crucial to distinguish human-induced dust sources from natural ones in order to define the boundary of a newly proposed epoch - the Anthropocene. Here, we track anthropogenic signatures and natural geochemical anomalies in the Mukhrino peatland, Western Siberia. Human activity was recorded there from cal AD 1958 (±6). Anthropogenic spheroidal aluminosilicates clearly identify the beginning of industrial development and are proposed as a new indicator of the Anthropocene. In cal AD 1963 (±5), greatly elevated dust deposition and an increase in REE serve to show that the geochemistry of elements in the peat can be evidence of nuclear weapon testing; such constituted an enormous force blowing soil dust into the atmosphere. Among the natural dust sources, minor signals of dryness and of the Tunguska cosmic body (TCB) impact were noted. The TCB impact was indirectly confirmed by an unusual occurrence of mullite in the peat.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł
- Department of Biogeography and Paleoecology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Bogumiła Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland
| | - B Smieja-Król
- Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - M Frontasyeva
- Department of Neutron Activation Analysis, Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation
| | - M Słowiński
- Department of Environmental Resources and Geohazards, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland.,GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 5.2-Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - K Marcisz
- Department of Biogeography and Paleoecology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Bogumiła Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland.,Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, B.Krygowskiego 10, PL-61 680 Poznań, Poland
| | - E Lapshina
- Yugra State University, Chekhova 16, 628012, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia
| | - D Gilbert
- Laboratoire de Chrono-environment, UMR 6249 CNRS, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besancon Cedex, France
| | - A Buttler
- Swiss Federal Research Institute-WSL, Community Ecology Research Unit, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental, Engineering (ENAC), Laboratory of Ecological Systems (ECOS), Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - V E J Jassey
- Swiss Federal Research Institute-WSL, Community Ecology Research Unit, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental, Engineering (ENAC), Laboratory of Ecological Systems (ECOS), Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Kaliszan
- Department of Biogeography and Paleoecology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Bogumiła Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland.,Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, B.Krygowskiego 10, PL-61 680 Poznań, Poland
| | - F Laggoun-Défarge
- Université d'Orléans, CNRS/INSU, BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071 Orléans, France
| | - P Kołaczek
- Department of Biogeography and Paleoecology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Bogumiła Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland
| | - M Lamentowicz
- Department of Biogeography and Paleoecology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Bogumiła Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland.,Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, B.Krygowskiego 10, PL-61 680 Poznań, Poland
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Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł B, Smieja-Król B, Ostrovnaya TM, Frontasyeva M, Siemińska A, Lamentowicz M. Peatland Microbial Communities as Indicators of the Extreme Atmospheric Dust Deposition. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2015; 226:97. [PMID: 25814776 PMCID: PMC4363472 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-015-2338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated a peat profile from the Izery Mountains, located within the so-called Black Triangle, the border area of Poland, Czech Republic, and Germany. This peatland suffered from an extreme atmospheric pollution during the last 50 years, which created an exceptional natural experiment to examine the impact of pollution on peatland microbes. Testate amoebae (TA), Centropyxis aerophila and Phryganella acropodia, were distinguished as a proxy of atmospheric pollution caused by extensive brown coal combustion. We recorded a decline of mixotrophic TA and development of agglutinated taxa as a response for the extreme concentration of Al (30 g kg-1) and Cu (96 mg kg-1) as well as the extreme amount of fly ash particles determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, which were used by TA for shell construction. Titanium (5.9 %), aluminum (4.7 %), and chromium (4.2 %) significantly explained the highest percentage of the variance in TA data. Elements such as Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, and Cu were highly correlated (r > 0.7, p < 0.01) with pseudostome position/body size ratio and pseudostome position. Changes in the community structure, functional diversity, and mechanisms of shell construction were recognized as the indicators of dust pollution. We strengthen the importance of the TA as the bioindicators of the recent atmospheric pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł
- Department of Biogeography and Palaeoecology, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Dzięgielowa 27, 61-680 Poznań, Poland
| | - B. Smieja-Król
- Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - T. M. Ostrovnaya
- Department of Neutron Activation Analysis, Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation
| | - M. Frontasyeva
- Department of Neutron Activation Analysis, Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation
| | - A. Siemińska
- Department of Biogeography and Palaeoecology, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Dzięgielowa 27, 61-680 Poznań, Poland
| | - M. Lamentowicz
- Department of Biogeography and Palaeoecology, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Dzięgielowa 27, 61-680 Poznań, Poland
- Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Management & Department of Biogeography and Palaeoecology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Meteorology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznań, Poland
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