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Limpens J, Granath G, Aerts R, Heijmans MMPD, Sheppard LJ, Bragazza L, Williams BL, Rydin H, Bubier J, Moore T, Rochefort L, Mitchell EAD, Buttler A, van den Berg LJL, Gunnarsson U, Francez AJ, Gerdol R, Thormann M, Grosvernier P, Wiedermann MM, Nilsson MB, Hoosbeek MR, Bayley S, Nordbakken JF, Paulissen MPCP, Hotes S, Breeuwer A, Ilomets M, Tomassen HBM, Leith I, Xu B. Glasshouse vs field experiments: do they yield ecologically similar results for assessing N impacts on peat mosses? New Phytol 2012; 195:408-418. [PMID: 22537052 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04157.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
• Peat bogs have accumulated more atmospheric carbon (C) than any other terrestrial ecosystem today. Most of this C is associated with peat moss (Sphagnum) litter. Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition can decrease Sphagnum production, compromising the C sequestration capacity of peat bogs. The mechanisms underlying the reduced production are uncertain, necessitating multifactorial experiments. • We investigated whether glasshouse experiments are reliable proxies for field experiments for assessing interactions between N deposition and environment as controls on Sphagnum N concentration and production. We performed a meta-analysis over 115 glasshouse experiments and 107 field experiments. • We found that glasshouse and field experiments gave similar qualitative and quantitative estimates of changes in Sphagnum N concentration in response to N application. However, glasshouse-based estimates of changes in production--even qualitative assessments-- diverged from field experiments owing to a stronger N effect on production response in absence of vascular plants in the glasshouse, and a weaker N effect on production response in presence of vascular plants compared to field experiments. • Thus, although we need glasshouse experiments to study how interacting environmental factors affect the response of Sphagnum to increased N deposition, we need field experiments to properly quantify these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Limpens
- Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - G Granath
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Aerts
- Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Systems Ecology, Free University of Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M M P D Heijmans
- Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - L J Sheppard
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Edinburgh Bush Estate Penicuik, EH26 0QB, Scotland
| | - L Bragazza
- Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Wetlands Research Group, Site Lausanne, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Laboratory of Ecological Systems (ECOS), Batiment GR, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B L Williams
- Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Aberdeen, UK
| | - H Rydin
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Bubier
- Mount Holyoke College, Environmental Studies Department, Clapp Laboratory, 50 College Street, South Hadley, Massachusetts 01075, USA
| | - T Moore
- Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2K6
| | - L Rochefort
- Department of Plant Sciences, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Quebec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - E A D Mitchell
- Laboratory of Soil Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - A Buttler
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Wetlands Research Group, Site Lausanne, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Laboratory of Ecological Systems (ECOS), Batiment GR, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS - INRA, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - L J L van den Berg
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - U Gunnarsson
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A-J Francez
- UMR 6553 ECOBIO & FR90 CAREN, Rennes University, CNRS, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - R Gerdol
- Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Thormann
- Aquilon Environmental Consulting Ltd., 3111 Spence Wynd SW, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6X 0H7
| | - P Grosvernier
- LIN'eco, Case postale 80, 2732 Reconvilier, Switzerland
| | - M M Wiedermann
- Soil Science, Biogeochemistry, Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - M B Nilsson
- Soil Science, Biogeochemistry, Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - M R Hoosbeek
- Earth System Science - Climate Change, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S Bayley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - J-F Nordbakken
- The Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Postbox 115, 1431 Ås, Norway
| | - M P C P Paulissen
- Alterra, Team Ecological Modelling and Monitoring, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S Hotes
- Department of Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - A Breeuwer
- Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Ilomets
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute of Ecology, Tallinn University, Uus-Sadama 5, EE-10120 Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - I Leith
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Edinburgh Bush Estate Penicuik, EH26 0QB, Scotland
| | - B Xu
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale 1125 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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Limpens J, Granath G, Gunnarsson U, Aerts R, Bayley S, Bragazza L, Bubier J, Buttler A, van den Berg LJL, Francez AJ, Gerdol R, Grosvernier P, Heijmans MMPD, Hoosbeek MR, Hotes S, Ilomets M, Leith I, Mitchell EAD, Moore T, Nilsson MB, Nordbakken JF, Rochefort L, Rydin H, Sheppard LJ, Thormann M, Wiedermann MM, Williams BL, Xu B. Climatic modifiers of the response to nitrogen deposition in peat-forming Sphagnum mosses: a meta-analysis. New Phytol 2011; 191:496-507. [PMID: 21434930 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands in the northern hemisphere have accumulated more atmospheric carbon (C) during the Holocene than any other terrestrial ecosystem, making peatlands long-term C sinks of global importance. Projected increases in nitrogen (N) deposition and temperature make future accumulation rates uncertain. Here, we assessed the impact of N deposition on peatland C sequestration potential by investigating the effects of experimental N addition on Sphagnum moss. We employed meta-regressions to the results of 107 field experiments, accounting for sampling dependence in the data. We found that high N loading (comprising N application rate, experiment duration, background N deposition) depressed Sphagnum production relative to untreated controls. The interactive effects of presence of competitive vascular plants and high tissue N concentrations indicated intensified biotic interactions and altered nutrient stochiometry as mechanisms underlying the detrimental N effects. Importantly, a higher summer temperature (mean for July) and increased annual precipitation intensified the negative effects of N. The temperature effect was comparable to an experimental application of almost 4 g N m(-2) yr(-1) for each 1°C increase. Our results indicate that current rates of N deposition in a warmer environment will strongly inhibit C sequestration by Sphagnum-dominated vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Limpens
- Nature Conservation & Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - G Granath
- Department of Plant Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - U Gunnarsson
- Department of Plant Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Aerts
- Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Systems Ecology, Free University of Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Bayley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - L Bragazza
- Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Wetlands Research Group, Site Lausanne, station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory of Ecological Systems - ECOS, station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Bubier
- Mount Holyoke College, Environmental Studies Program, Clapp Laboratory, 50 College Street, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
| | - A Buttler
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Wetlands Research Group, Site Lausanne, station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory of Ecological Systems - ECOS, station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS - INRA, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - L J L van den Berg
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A-J Francez
- UMR 6553 ECOBIO & FR90 CAREN, Rennes University, CNRS, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - R Gerdol
- Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - P Grosvernier
- LIN'eco, Case postale 80, 2732 Reconvilier, Switzerland
| | - M M P D Heijmans
- Nature Conservation & Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M R Hoosbeek
- Earth System Science - Climate Change, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S Hotes
- Department of Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - M Ilomets
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute of Ecology, Tallinn University, Uus-Sadama 5, EE-10120 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - I Leith
- CEH Edinburgh Bush Estate Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - E A D Mitchell
- Laboratory of Soil Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - T Moore
- Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2K6
| | - M B Nilsson
- Soil Science, Biogeochemistry Group, Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - J-F Nordbakken
- The Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Postbox 115, 1431 Ås, Norway
| | - L Rochefort
- Department of Plant Sciences, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Quebec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - H Rydin
- Department of Plant Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L J Sheppard
- CEH Edinburgh Bush Estate Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - M Thormann
- Aquilon Environmental Consulting Ltd. 3111 Spence Wynd SW, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6X 0H7
| | - M M Wiedermann
- Soil Science, Biogeochemistry Group, Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - B L Williams
- Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Aberdeen, UK
| | - B Xu
- Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale 1125 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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Kaszkin M, Kinzel V, Maly K, Bichler I, Lang F, Grunicke HH, Pepperkok R, Jakobi R, Lorenz P, Ansorge W, Pyerin W, Borowski P, Harbers M, Ludwig A, Kischel T, Hilz H, Eckert K, Granetzny A, Fischer J, Grosse R, Manch V, Wehner S, Kornhuber B, Ebener U, Müller-Decker K, Fürstenberger G, Vogt I, Marks F, Graschew G, Küsel A, Hull W, Lorenz W, Thielmann HW, Degen GH, Freyberger A, Müller A, Linscheid M, Hindermeier U, Jorritsma U, Golka K, Föllmann W, Peter H, Bolt HM, Monnerjahn S, Phillips DN, Never A, Seidel A, Glatt AR, Wiench K, Frei E, Schroth P, Wiessler M, Schäfer T, Hergenhahn M, Hecker E, Proft D, Bartholmes P, Bagewadikar RS, Bertram B, Frank N, Leibersperger H, Gschwendt M, Marks F, Fasco S, Plein P, Schiess K, Seidler L, Jacobi T, Besemfelder E, Stephan M, Lehmann WD, Grell M, Thoma B, Scheurich P, Meyer M, Grunicke H, Jaques G, Wegmann B, Ravemann K, Popanda O, Thielmann HW, Voss H, Wirkner U, Werner D, Strand D, Kalmes A, Walther HP, Mechler B, Schirrmacher SV, Kinzel V, Hess R, Hanagarth HG, Hässler C, Brandner G, Ertel C, Gückel B, Schirrmacher V, Kyewski BA, Bogdahn U, Jachimczak P, Schneider J, Brysch W, Schlingensiepen W, Drenkard D, Behl C, Winkler J, Apfel R, Meixensberger J, Stulle K, Marquardt P, Vollmers HP, Müller J, Müller-Hermelink HK, Schuermann M, Seemann G, Ptok A, Ptok M, Carey TE, Steffen M, Nitz UC, Everding B, Hölzel F, Kantwerk-Funke G, Boll G, Zänker KS, Everding B, Steffen M, Hölzel P, Heymanns J, Hennig C, Rotsch M, Havemann K, Fischer JR, Stehr S, Lahm H, Drings P, Krammer PH, Kirsch M, Strubel A, Kist A, Hinn R, Fischer H, Buttler A, Schackert G, Friedenauer S, Lindner D, Marczynski B, Karcls H, Goergens HW, Epe B, Müller E, Schütze D, Boiteux S, Eder E, Deininger C, Hoffman C, Scherer E, Vermeulen E, van Kranen HJ, Bax J, Woutersen RA, van Kreijl CF, Schurich B, Hagedorn H, Kamp E, Eisenbrand G, Spiegelhalder B, Bolm-Audorff U, Bienfait HG, Preussmann R, Wacker CD, Preussmann R, Kehl H, Spiegelhalder B, Akkan Z, Ries J, Meger M, Shephard SE, Gunz D, Lutz WK, Tricker AR, Kurnar R, Siddiqi M, Mende P, Pfundstein B, Scholl A, Janzowski C, Jacob D, Goelzer P, Henn I, Zankl H, Zimlich KH, Gansewendt B, Thier R, Schroeder KR, Hallier E, Moeckel G, Heiden W, Waldherr-Teschner M, Brickmann J, Roeser H, Krauter G, Scherer G, Krätschmer A, Hauenstein H, Adlkofer F, Fernando RC, Schmeiser HH, Nicklas W, Pfau W, Phillips DH, Scheckenbach S, Cantoreggi S, Leutbecher M, Ottenwälder H, Föst U, Baumgart PM, Kliem HC, Data S, Pfeiffer C, Fuchs A, Schmezer P, Kuchenmeister F, Pool-Zober BL, Liegibel UM, Pool-Zobel BL, Steeb L, Friesel H, Schneider T, Scherf HR, Buchmann A, Bauer-Hofmann R, Mahr J, Schwarz M, Schmidt R, Rippmann F, Steinbauer B, Zlfu P, Bunk B, Hefter W, Klinga K, Berger MR, Robertson LW, Luebeck G, Moolgavkar S, Torsten U, Kowalczyk-Wagner M, Weitzel H, Zechel C, Peters H, Anders F, Ambs S, Kirchner T, Neumann HG, Einig C, Eigenbrodt E, Oesterle D, Deml E, Weisse G, Gerbracht U, Stumpf H, Filsingcr E, 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OH, McCormick F, Bourne HR, Gieseler F, Boege F, Biersack H, Spohn B, Clark M, Wilms K, Boege F, Gieseler F, Biersack H, Clark M, Wllms K, Polack A, Strobl L, Feederle R, Schweizer M, Eick D, Bornkamm GW, Kopun M, Scherthan H, Granzow C, Janiaud P, Rueß D, Mechler BM, Strauss PG, Erfle V, Fritsche M, Haessler C, Christiansen H, Schestag J, Christiansen NM, Lampert F, Schulz WA, Hasse A, Sies H, Orend G, Kuhlmann I, Doerfler W, Behn-Krappa A, Hölker I, Sandaradura de Silva U, Smola U, Hennig D, Hadviger-Fangmeier A, Schütz B, Kerler R, Rabes HM, Dölken G, Fauser AA, Kerkert R, Ragoczy U, Fritzen R, Lange W, Finke J, Nowicki B, Schalipp E, Siegert W, Mertelsmann R, Schilling U, Sinn HJ, Maier-Borst W, Friedrich EA, Löhde E, Lück M, Raude H, Schlicker H, Barzen G, Kraas E, Milleck J, Keymer R, Störkel S, Reichert T, Steinbach F, Lippold R, Thoenes W, Wagner W, Reiffen KA, Bardosi A, Brkovic D, Gabius HJ, Brandt B, Jackisch C, Seitzer D, Hillebrand M, Habermann FA, Rabes HM, Zeindl-Eberhart, Evelyn, Robl C, Röttgen V, Nowak C, Richter-Reichhelm HB, Waldmann V, Suchy B, Zietz C, Sarafoff M, Ostermayr R, Rabes HM, Lorenz J, Friedberg T, Paulus W, Ferlinz R, Oesch F, Jähde E, Glüsenkamp KH, Tietze LF, Rajewsky MF, Chen G, Hutter KJ, Bullerdiek J, Zeller WJ, Schirner M, Schneider MR, Zbu P, Gebelein M, Naser-Hijazi B, Hynes NE, Reinhardt M, Heyl P, Schmähl D, Presek P, Liebenhoff U, Findik D, Hartmann GH, Fischer H, Kliesch C, Schackert G, Albert F, Kunze S, Wannnenmacher M, Boese-Landgraf J, Lorenz E, Albrecht D, Dulce M, Aigner KR, Thiem N, Müller H, Leonardi M, Bogdahn U, Justh A, Drenkard D, Lutz M, Apfel R, Behl C, Lang E, Lieth CWVD, Sinn H, Betsch BR, Hengstler JG, Fuchs J, Oesch F, Busch FJ, Cato ABC, Schied G, Tang W, Bogdahn U, Richter B, Schaefer C, Kelleher DK, Vaupel P, Mundt D, Bartsch HH, Meden H, Meyer M, Vehmeyer K, Mull R, Kuhn W, Hoffmann S, Berger D, Fiebig H, Moog C, Luu B, Frühauf S, Keppler BK, Galeano A, Valenzuela-Paz P, Klenner T, 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Kittmann A, Ullrich A, Khazaie K, Kowitz A, Kadmon G, Altevogt P, Frixen UH, Behrens J, Schipper J, Sachs M, Birchmeier H, Hackenberg R, Hawighorst T, Hofmann J, Beato H, Schulz KD, Erbil C, Maasberg M, Kunz LA, Simm A, Adam G, Mueller-Klieser W, Kaufmann AM, Stoeck M, Hülsen A, Boukamp P, Game S, Donnelly M, Fusenig NE, Stark HJ, Schlingensiepen KH, Kurzik-Dumke U, Phannavong B, Gundacker D, Gateff E, Gabius S, Joshi SS, Franz H, John NJ, Grümmer R, Denker HW, Gross MW, Karbach U. Absract. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01625409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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