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Mishra M, Guria R, Baraj B, Nanda AP, Santos CAG, Silva RMD, Laksono FAT. Spatial analysis and machine learning prediction of forest fire susceptibility: a comprehensive approach for effective management and mitigation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171713. [PMID: 38503392 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Forest fires (FF) in tropical seasonal forests impact ecosystem. Addressing FF in tropical ecosystems has become a priority to mitigate impacts on biodiversity loss and climate change. The escalating frequency and intensity of FF globally have become a mounting concern. Understanding their tendencies, patterns, and vulnerabilities is imperative for conserving ecosystems and facilitating the development of effective prevention and management strategies. This study investigates the trends, patterns, and spatiotemporal distribution of FF for the period of 2001-2022, and delineates the forest fire susceptibility zones in Odisha State, India. The study utilized: (a) MODIS imagery to examine active fire point data; (b) Kernel density tools; (c) FF risk prediction using two machine learning algorithms, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF); (d) Receiver Operating Characteristic and Area Under the Curve, along with various evaluation metrics; and (e) a total of 19 factors, including three topographical, seven climatic, four biophysical, and five anthropogenic, to create a map indicating areas vulnerable to FF. The validation results revealed that the RF model achieved a precision exceeding 94 % on the validation datasets, while the SVM model reached 89 %. The estimated forest fire susceptibility zones using RF and SVM techniques indicated that 20.14 % and 16.72 % of the area, respectively, fall under the "Very High Forest Fire" susceptibility class. Trend analysis reveals a general upward trend in forest fire occurrences (R2 = 0.59), with a notable increase after 2015, peaking in 2021. Notably, Angul district was identified as the most affected area, documenting the highest number of forest fire incidents over the past 22 years. Additionally, forest fire mitigation plans have been developed by drawing insights from forest fire management strategies implemented in various countries worldwide. Overall, this analysis provides valuable insights for policymakers and forest management authorities to develop effective strategies for forest fire prevention and mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoranjan Mishra
- Department of Geography, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Nuapadhi, Balasore 756089, Odisha, India
| | - Rajkumar Guria
- Department of Geography, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Nuapadhi, Balasore 756089, Odisha, India
| | - Biswaranjan Baraj
- Department of Geography, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Nuapadhi, Balasore 756089, Odisha, India
| | - Ambika Prasad Nanda
- Tata Steel Rural Development Society, Kalinganagar, Above SBI ATM Duburi Chowk, Jajpur district 755026, Odisha, India.
| | - Celso Augusto Guimarães Santos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | | | - Fx Anjar Tri Laksono
- Department of Geology and Meteorology, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jenderal Soedirman University, 53371 Purbalingga, Indonesia.
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GIS-Based Modeling for Vegetated Land Fire Prediction in Qaradagh Area, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14106194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to estimate the susceptibility of fire occurrence in the Qaradagh area of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region, by examining 16 predictive factors. We selected these predictive factors, dependent on analyzing and performing a comprehensive review of about 57 papers related to fire susceptibility. These papers investigate areas with similar environmental conditions to the arid environments as our study area. The 16 factors affecting the fire occurrence are Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), slope gradient, slope aspect, elevation, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Topographic Position Index (TPI), distance to roads, distance to rivers, distance to villages, distance to farmland, geology, wind speed, relative humidity, annual temperature, annual precipitation, and Land Use and Land Cover (LULC). To extract fires that occurred between 2015 and 2020, 121 scenes of satellite images (most of them are scenes of Sentinel-2) were used, with the aid of a field survey. In total, 80% of the data (185,394 pixels) were used for the training dataset in the model, and 20% of the data (46,348 pixels) were used for the validation dataset. Conversely, 20% of these data were used for the training dataset in the model, and 80% of the data were used for the validation dataset to check the model’s overfitting. We used the logistic regression model to analyze the multi-data sites obtained from the 16 predictive factors, to predict the forest and vegetated lands that suffer from fire. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed models. The AUC value is more than 84.85% in all groups, which shows very high accuracy for both the model and the factors selected for preparing fire zoning maps in the studied area. According to the factor weight results, classes of LULC and wind speed gained the highest weight among all groups. This paper emphasizes that the used approach is useful for monitoring shrubland, grassland, and cropland fires in other similar areas, which are located in the Mediterranean climate zone. Besides, the model can be applied in other regions, taking the local influencing factors into consideration, which contribute to forest fire mitigation and prevention planning. Hence, the mentioned results can be applied to primary warning, fire suppression resource planning, and allocation work. The mentioned results can be used as prior warnings of the outbreak of fires, taking the necessary measures and methods to prevent and extinguish fires.
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Reddy CS, Bird NG, Sreelakshmi S, Manikandan TM, Asra M, Krishna PH, Jha CS, Rao PVN, Diwakar PG. Identification and characterization of spatio-temporal hotspots of forest fires in South Asia. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 191:791. [PMID: 31989284 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7695-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Forest fire is considered as one of the major threats to global biodiversity and a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions. Rising temperatures, weather conditions, and topography promote the incidences of fire due to human ignition in South Asia. Because of its synoptic, multi-spectral, and multi-temporal nature, remote sensing data can be a state of art technology for forest fire management. This study focuses on the spatio-temporal patterns of forest fires and identifying hotspots using the novel geospatial technique "emerging hotspot analysis tool" in South Asia. Daily MODIS active fire locations data of 15 years (2003-2017) has been aggregated in order to characterize fire frequency, fire density, and hotspots. A total of 522,348 active fire points have been used to analyze risk of fires across the forest types. Maximum number of forest fires in South Asia was occurring during the January to May. Spatial analysis identified areas of frequent burning and high fire density in South Asian countries. In South Asia, 51% of forest grid cells were affected by fires in 15 years. Highest number of fire incidences was recorded in tropical moist deciduous forest and tropical dry deciduous forest. The emerging hotspots analysis indicates prevalence of sporadic hotspots, followed by historical hotspots, consecutive hotspots, and persistent hotspots in South Asia. Of the seven South Asian countries, Bangladesh has highest emerging hotspot area (34.2%) in forests, followed by 32.2% in India and 29.5% in Nepal. Study results offer critical insights in delineation of fire vulnerable forest landscapes which will stand as a valuable input for strengthening management of fires in South Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sudhakar Reddy
- National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India.
| | - Natalia Grace Bird
- National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India
- Centre for Spatial Information Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 085, India
| | - S Sreelakshmi
- National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India
- Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 581, India
| | - T Maya Manikandan
- National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India
| | - Mahbooba Asra
- National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India
| | - P Hari Krishna
- National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India
- Arid Zone Regional Centre, Botanical Survey of India, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342 008, India
| | - C S Jha
- National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India
| | - P V N Rao
- National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 037, India
| | - P G Diwakar
- Indian Space Research Organisation, Antariksh Bhavan, New BEL Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 231, India
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Manaswini G, Sudhakar Reddy C. Geospatial monitoring and prioritization of forest fire incidences in Andhra Pradesh, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:616. [PMID: 26350795 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4821-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Forest fire has been identified as one of the key environmental issue for long-term conservation of biodiversity and has impact on global climate. Spatially multiple observations are necessary for monitoring of forest fires in tropics for understanding conservation efficacy and sustaining biodiversity in protected areas. The present work was carried out to estimate the spatial extent of forest burnt areas and fire frequency using Resourcesat Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) data (2009, 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2014) in Andhra Pradesh, India. The spatio-temporal analysis shows that an area of 7514.10 km(2) (29.22% of total forest cover) has been affected by forest fires. Six major forest types are distributed in Andhra Pradesh, i.e. semi-evergreen, moist deciduous, dry deciduous, dry evergreen, thorn and mangroves. Of the total forest burnt area, dry deciduous forests account for >75%. District-wise analysis shows that Kurnool, Prakasam and Cuddapah have shown >100 km(2) of burnt area every year. The total forest burnt area estimate covering protected areas ranges between 6.9 and 22.3% during the study period. Spatial burnt area analysis for protected areas in 2014 indicates 37.2% of fire incidences in the Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve followed by 20.2 % in the Sri Lankamalleswara Wildlife Sanctuary, 20.1% in the Sri Venkateswara Wildlife Sanctuary and 17.4% in the Gundla Brahmeswaram Wildlife Sanctuary. The analysis of cumulative fire occurrences from 2009 to 2014 has helped in delineation of conservation priority hotspots using a spatial grid cell approach. Conservation priority hotspots I and II are distributed in major parts of study area including protected areas of the Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve and Gundla Brahmeswaram Wildlife Sanctuary. The spatial database generated will be useful in studies related to influence of fires on species adaptability, ecological damage assessment and conservation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manaswini
- Centre for Environment, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, 500 085, India
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Kolios S, Stylios C, Petunin A. A WebGIS platform to monitor environmental conditions in ports and their surroundings in South Eastern Europe. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:574. [PMID: 26275763 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The scope of this work is to describe the design and development of a web-based Geographic Information System (GIS) application and highlight its usefulness regarding monitoring and evaluating environmental conditions in several ports and their surroundings in the greater South East Europe (SEE). The system receives inputs and handles two kinds of data that are processed and illustrated through maps and graphs at various temporal and spatial scales in this informational platform. The aforementioned data consists of point measurements from stations operating in the area of SEE ports as well as satellite date sets derived monthly for a period of 10 to 12 years, in terms of sea surface temperature, chlorophyll a, and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM). The WebGIS platform is based on the client-server model and uses Google Maps API services for data plotting. Advanced designing and development tools and methodologies are used. The available valuable data render the application into a trustful and accurate provider of visual environmental interest information regarding the main ports of southeastern Europe and their surroundings that would operate as a guide for an environmentally sustainable future of ports and sea corridors in SEE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Kolios
- Laboratory of Knowledge & Intelligent Computing (KIC-LAB), Department of Computer Engineering, Technological Educational Institute of Epirus, Arta, Greece,
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