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Alves FADS, de Sousa EB, Martins MP, da Silva Rocha CC, Faustino SMM, Mendes RA, de Oliveira Lima M, Schneider MPC. Evaluation of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Marine Oyster Farming and Microalgae in the Atlantic Amazon Evidences Safety but Highlights Potential Risks of Shellfish Poisoning. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14100654. [PMID: 36287923 PMCID: PMC9611215 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine phycotoxins are organic compounds synthesized by some species of microalgae, which accumulate in the tissues of filter-feeder organisms such as bivalve mollusks. These toxins can cause acute intoxication episodes in humans, a severe threat to aquaculture and fisheries. In the State of Pará, Brazil, oyster farming has community, artisanal and sustainable bases, using mangroves as cultivation environment and seed banks. In small-scale production, there are often no established methods of safeguarding the health of consumers elevating the potential risks of shellfish poisoning outbreaks. Our study evaluated the presence of phycotoxins in oysters cultivated in five municipalities in the region of the Atlantic Amazon (Pará, Brazil) assessing the quality of the final product. We further evaluated the microalgae, water quality, and the spatio-temporal variation of physicochemical factors in the same area. Diatoms dominated the microalgae composition, followed by dinoflagellates, some of which are reported to be potentially toxic and producers of paralytic shellfish toxins. For the first time, we describe the occurrence of the potentially toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis sp. in the Amazon region. Furthermore, for the first time, toxins were detected in oyster farming in the northeast of the State of Pará, namely GTX2,3, STX, and dc-STX nevertheless, with nontoxic values. The identified toxins represent a potential threat to shellfish consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Arimatéia dos Santos Alves
- Laboratory of Genomics and Biotechnology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa 01, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Seção de Meio Ambiente, Laboratório de Análise de Resíduos Orgânicos, Instituto Evandro Chagas/SVC/MS, Rod. Br. 316, Km 7, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Eliane Brabo de Sousa
- Seção de Meio Ambiente, Laboratório de Cianobactérias e Bioindicadores Aquáticos, Instituto Evandro Chagas/SVC/MS, Rod. Br. 316, Km 7, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Maíra Pompeu Martins
- Laboratory of Genomics and Biotechnology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa 01, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Cássia Christina da Silva Rocha
- Seção de Meio Ambiente, Laboratório de Análise de Resíduos Orgânicos, Instituto Evandro Chagas/SVC/MS, Rod. Br. 316, Km 7, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Rosivaldo Alcântara Mendes
- Seção de Meio Ambiente, Laboratório de Análise de Resíduos Orgânicos, Instituto Evandro Chagas/SVC/MS, Rod. Br. 316, Km 7, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Oliveira Lima
- Seção de Meio Ambiente, Laboratório de Metais e Ecotoxicologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas/SVC/MS, Rod. Br. 316, Km 7, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Cruz Schneider
- Laboratory of Genomics and Biotechnology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa 01, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Wolny JL, Egerton TA, Handy SM, Stutts WL, Smith JL, Whereat EB, Bachvaroff TR, Henrichs DW, Campbell L, Deeds JR. Characterization of Dinophysis spp. (Dinophyceae, Dinophysiales) from the mid-Atlantic region of the United States 1. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:404-424. [PMID: 31926032 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing prevalence of Dinophysis spp. and their toxins on every US coast in recent years, the need to identify and monitor for problematic Dinophysis populations has become apparent. Here, we present morphological analyses, using light and scanning electron microscopy, and rDNA sequence analysis, using a ~2-kb sequence of ribosomal ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2, and LSU DNA, of Dinophysis collected in mid-Atlantic estuarine and coastal waters from Virginia to New Jersey to better characterize local populations. In addition, we analyzed for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins in water and shellfish samples collected during blooms using liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and an in vitro protein phosphatase inhibition assay and compared this data to a toxin profile generated from a mid-Atlantic Dinophysis culture. Three distinct morphospecies were documented in mid-Atlantic surface waters: D. acuminata, D. norvegica, and a "small Dinophysis sp." that was morphologically distinct based on multivariate analysis of morphometric data but was genetically consistent with D. acuminata. While mid-Atlantic D. acuminata could not be distinguished from the other species in the D. acuminata-complex (D. ovum from the Gulf of Mexico and D. sacculus from the western Mediterranean Sea) using the molecular markers chosen, it could be distinguished based on morphometrics. Okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin 1, and pectenotoxin 2 were found in filtered water and shellfish samples during Dinophysis blooms in the mid-Atlantic region, as well as in a locally isolated D. acuminata culture. However, DSP toxins exceeded regulatory guidance concentrations only a few times during the study period and only in noncommercial shellfish samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Wolny
- Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Resource Assessment Service, Annapolis, Maryland, 21401, USA
| | - Todd A Egerton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, 23529, USA
| | - Sara M Handy
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, 20740, USA
| | - Whitney L Stutts
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, 20740, USA
| | - Juliette L Smith
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia, 23062, USA
| | - Edward B Whereat
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, Lewes, Delaware, 19958, USA
| | - Tsvetan R Bachvaroff
- Institute for Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, 21202, USA
| | - Darren W Henrichs
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - Lisa Campbell
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - Jonathan R Deeds
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, 20740, USA
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Recent findings of paralytic shellfish toxins linked to the genus Alexandrium Halim in Mediterranean mollusc production areas. Toxicon 2019; 174:48-56. [PMID: 31989929 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.12.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Paralytic shellfish poisoning is a human intoxication syndrome associated with the consumption of seafood that has been contaminated with paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), a group of natural neurotoxic alkaloids produced by marine dinoflagellates, including some Alexandrium species. This study presents findings of PSTs in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) during 2018-2019 in several mollusc production areas of Sardinia (Italy, western Mediterranean). Investigations of the presence and abundance of PST-producing microalgal species in marine water and of the toxins associated with shellfish were carried out concomitantly. Overall, the results suggested a spatio-temporal expansion of Alexandriumpacificum and Alexandriumminutum in recent years, with an increasing number of PSTs present in molluscs and increased occurrences of toxicity cases. Liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection determined the toxin profile to be composed primarily of the carbamate gonyautoxin-5 and N-sulphocarbamoyltoxins 1 and 2. The study highlights the potential high risk to consumers of poisoning by bivalve molluscs bred in Sardinia, where shellfish production is a very important industrial sector. For this reason, routine monitoring is strongly recommended in order to mitigate any harm to human health as well as negative socio-economic consequences.
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Bazzoni AM, Mudadu AG, Esposito G, Urru R, Ortu S, Mara L, Uda MT, Arras I, Lorenzoni G, Sanna G, Bazzardi R, Marongiu E, Virgilio S, Meloni D. Bacterial and Viral Investigations Combined with Determination of Phytoplankton and Algal Biotoxins in Mussels and Water from a Mediterranean Coastal Lagoon (Sardinia, Italy). J Food Prot 2019; 82:1501-1511. [PMID: 31411509 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Calich Lagoon is a Mediterranean coastal lagoon located along the northwestern coast of Sardinia (Italy). The connection to marine and fresh water determines the high productivity of this coastal lagoon. Despite its great potential and the presence of natural beds of bivalve mollusks (Mytilus galloprovincialis), the lagoon has not yet been classified for shellfish production. In this study, through a multidisciplinary approach, the presence of several bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Vibrio spp.) and viral pathogens (hepatitis A virus and norovirus genogroups I and II) was evaluated from March 2017 to February 2018. In addition, phytoplankton composition in lagoon waters and associated algal biotoxins (paralytic and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning) in mussels were also monitored. The aim of this study was to provide useful data to improve knowledge about their seasonal presence and to assess the potential risk for public health, as well as to provide input for future conservation and management strategies. In mussels, Salmonella spp. were found in spring, along with E. coli, but Salmonella spp. were not found in autumn or winter, even though E. coli was detected in these seasons. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was found in autumn and winter, but not in spring. Norovirus genogroups I and II were found in winter samples. None of the bacteria were found in summer. Algal biotoxins have never been detected in mussel samples. Among potentially harmful phytoplankton, only Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were present, mainly in summer. The results showed that a possible bacterial and viral contamination, together with the presence of potentially toxic microalgae, is a real problem. Therefore, the development of natural resource management strategies is necessary to ensure the good quality of waters and guarantee the protection of consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Bazzoni
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Sardinia, Complex Structure of Food Hygiene, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7236-3845 [A.M.B.])
| | - Alessandro Graziano Mudadu
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Sardinia, Complex Structure of Food Hygiene, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7236-3845 [A.M.B.])
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Sardinia, Complex Structure of Food Hygiene, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7236-3845 [A.M.B.]).,University of Sassari, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberta Urru
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Sardinia, Complex Structure of Food Hygiene, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7236-3845 [A.M.B.])
| | - Sergio Ortu
- Regional Natural Park of Porto Conte, SP. 55 N. 44, 07041 Alghero, Italy
| | - Laura Mara
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Sardinia, Complex Structure of Food Hygiene, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7236-3845 [A.M.B.])
| | - Maria Teresa Uda
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Sardinia, Complex Structure of Food Hygiene, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7236-3845 [A.M.B.])
| | - Igor Arras
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Sardinia, Complex Structure of Food Hygiene, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7236-3845 [A.M.B.])
| | - Giuseppa Lorenzoni
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Sardinia, Complex Structure of Food Hygiene, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7236-3845 [A.M.B.])
| | - Giovanna Sanna
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Sardinia, Complex Structure of Food Hygiene, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7236-3845 [A.M.B.])
| | - Riccardo Bazzardi
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Sardinia, Complex Structure of Food Hygiene, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7236-3845 [A.M.B.])
| | - Edoardo Marongiu
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Sardinia, Complex Structure of Food Hygiene, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7236-3845 [A.M.B.])
| | - Sebastiano Virgilio
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Sardinia, Complex Structure of Food Hygiene, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7236-3845 [A.M.B.])
| | - Domenico Meloni
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Sardinia, Complex Structure of Food Hygiene, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7236-3845 [A.M.B.]).,University of Sassari, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Kröncke I, Neumann H, Dippner JW, Holbrook S, Lamy T, Miller R, Padedda BM, Pulina S, Reed DC, Reinikainen M, Satta CT, Sechi N, Soltwedel T, Suikkanen S, Lugliè A. Comparison of biological and ecological long-term trends related to northern hemisphere climate in different marine ecosystems. NATURE CONSERVATION 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.34.30209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Data from five sites of the International Long Term Ecological Research (ILTER) network in the North-Eastern Pacific, Western Arctic Ocean, Northern Baltic Sea, South-Eastern North Sea and in the Western Mediterranean Sea were analyzed by dynamic factor analysis (DFA) to trace common multi-year trends in abundance and composition of phytoplankton, benthic fauna and temperate reef fish. Multiannual trends were related to climate and environmental variables to study interactions. Two common trends in biological responses were detected, with temperature and climate indices as explanatory variables in four of the five LTER sites considered. Only one trend was observed at the fifth site, the Northern Baltic Sea, where no explanatory variables were identified. Our findings revealed quasi-synchronous biological shifts in the different marine ecosystems coincident with the 2000 climatic regime shift and provided evidence on a possible further biological shift around 2010. The observed biological modifications were coupled with abrupt or continuous increase in sea water and air temperature confirming the key-role of temperature in structuring marine communities.
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Bates SS, Hubbard KA, Lundholm N, Montresor M, Leaw CP. Pseudo-nitzschia, Nitzschia, and domoic acid: New research since 2011. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 79:3-43. [PMID: 30420013 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Some diatoms of the genera Pseudo-nitzschia and Nitzschia produce the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA), a compound that caused amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) in humans just over 30 years ago (December 1987) in eastern Canada. This review covers new information since two previous reviews in 2012. Nitzschia bizertensis was subsequently discovered to be toxigenic in Tunisian waters. The known distribution of N. navis-varingica has expanded from Vietnam to Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and Australia. Furthermore, 15 new species (and one new variety) of Pseudo-nitzschia have been discovered, bringing the total to 52. Seven new species were found to produce DA, bringing the total of toxigenic species to 26. We list all Pseudo-nitzschia species, their ability to produce DA, and show their global distribution. A consequence of the extended distribution and increased number of toxigenic species worldwide is that DA is now found more pervasively in the food web, contaminating new marine organisms (especially marine mammals), affecting their physiology and disrupting ecosystems. Recent findings highlight how zooplankton grazers can induce DA production in Pseudo-nitzschia and how bacteria interact with Pseudo-nitzschia. Since 2012, new discoveries have been reported on physiological controls of Pseudo-nitzschia growth and DA production, its sexual reproduction, and infection by an oomycete parasitoid. Many advances are the result of applying molecular approaches to discovering new species, and to understanding the population genetic structure of Pseudo-nitzschia and mechanisms used to cope with iron limitation. The availability of genomes from three Pseudo-nitzschia species, coupled with a comparative transcriptomic approach, has allowed advances in our understanding of the sexual reproduction of Pseudo-nitzschia, its signaling pathways, its interactions with bacteria, and genes involved in iron and vitamin B12 and B7 metabolism. Although there have been no new confirmed cases of ASP since 1987 because of monitoring efforts, new blooms have occurred. A massive toxic Pseudo-nitzschia bloom affected the entire west coast of North America during 2015-2016, and was linked to a 'warm blob' of ocean water. Other smaller toxic blooms occurred in the Gulf of Mexico and east coast of North America. Knowledge gaps remain, including how and why DA and its isomers are produced, the world distribution of potentially toxigenic Nitzschia species, the prevalence of DA isomers, and molecular markers to discriminate between toxigenic and non-toxigenic species and to discover sexually reproducing populations in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Bates
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Centre, P.O. Box 5030, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1C 9B6, Canada.
| | - Katherine A Hubbard
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWRI), Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC), 100 Eighth Avenue SE, St. Petersburg, FL 33701 USA; Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA, 02543 USA
| | - Nina Lundholm
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Sølvgade 83S, DK-1307 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Marina Montresor
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Detection of Dinophysis Species and Associated Okadaic Acid in Farmed Shellfish: a Two-year Study from The Western Mediterranean Area. J Vet Res 2018; 62:137-144. [PMID: 30364879 PMCID: PMC6200286 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2018-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diarrhoetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), an alimentary intoxication known to lead to intestinal symptoms, and caused by toxins produced by some dinoflagellates (including several Dinophysis), represents a serious threat to public health. The aim of this paper was to provide information about the occurrence and abundance of potentially toxic harmful algal species causing DSP, and the associated concentration of okadaic acid (OA) toxins. The departing assumption was that in the study area there was an increase in the presence both of Dinophysis species and OA and its derivates that could result in a risk to the health of seafood consumers. Material and Methods During 2015-2016, water and shellfish samples were collected in the Mediterranean area (Sardinia, Italy). Dinophysis cells were counted according to Utermöhl's method from water samples, while mass spectrometry was used to identify lipophilic toxins in molluscs. Results A total of 46 non-compliant samples of Mytilus galloprovincialis were observed. Their non-compliance concerned their OA levels above the legal limit. Among toxic dinoflagellates, D. acuminata and D. sacculus were the species found mostly during DSP events. Conclusion No cases of human intoxication have been reported, but continuous surveillance of toxic phytoplankton is necessary to predict and prevent its harmful effects on human health.
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Lugliè A, Giacobbe MG, Riccardi E, Bruno M, Pigozzi S, Mariani MA, Satta CT, Stacca D, Bazzoni AM, Caddeo T, Farina P, Padedda BM, Pulina S, Sechi N, Milandri A. Paralytic Shellfish Toxins and Cyanotoxins in the Mediterranean: New Data from Sardinia and Sicily (Italy). Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5040072. [PMID: 29144421 PMCID: PMC5748581 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms represent a severe issue worldwide. They affect ecosystem functions and related services and goods, with consequences on human health and socio-economic activities. This study reports new data on paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) from Sardinia and Sicily (Italy), the largest Mediterranean islands where toxic events, mainly caused by Alexandrium species (Dinophyceae), have been ascertained in mussel farms since the 2000s. The toxicity of the A. minutum, A. tamarense and A. pacificum strains, established from the isolation of vegetative cells and resting cysts, was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analyses indicated the highest toxicity for A. pacificum strains (total PSTs up to 17.811 fmol cell-1). The PSTs were also assessed in a strain of A. tamarense. The results encourage further investigation to increase the knowledge of toxic species still debated in the Mediterranean. This study also reports new data on microcystins (MCs) and β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) from a Sardinian artificial lake (Lake Bidighinzu). The presence of MCs and BMAA was assessed in natural samples and in cell cultures by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). BMAA positives were found in all the analysed samples with a maximum of 17.84 µg L-1. The obtained results added further information on cyanotoxins in Mediterranean reservoirs, particularly BMAA, which have not yet been thoroughly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Lugliè
- Dipartimento di Architettura, Design e Urbanistica, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Giacobbe
- Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, CNR, Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy.
| | - Elena Riccardi
- Fondazione Centro Ricerche Marine, National Reference Laboratory for Marine Biotoxins, Viale A. Vespucci 2, 47042 Cesenatico (FC), Italy.
| | - Milena Bruno
- Environmental Quality and Fish Farming, Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Pigozzi
- Fondazione Centro Ricerche Marine, National Reference Laboratory for Marine Biotoxins, Viale A. Vespucci 2, 47042 Cesenatico (FC), Italy.
| | - Maria Antonietta Mariani
- Dipartimento di Architettura, Design e Urbanistica, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Teodora Satta
- Dipartimento di Architettura, Design e Urbanistica, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
- Agenzia Regionale per la Ricerca in Agricoltura (AGRIS), Servizio Ittico, S.S. Sassari-Fertilia Km 18,600, Bonassai, 07040 Olmedo, Italy.
| | - Daniela Stacca
- Dipartimento di Architettura, Design e Urbanistica, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Bazzoni
- Dipartimento di Ispezione degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna G. Pegreffi, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Caddeo
- Dipartimento di Architettura, Design e Urbanistica, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Pasqualina Farina
- Dipartimento di Architettura, Design e Urbanistica, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Bachisio Mario Padedda
- Dipartimento di Architettura, Design e Urbanistica, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Silvia Pulina
- Dipartimento di Architettura, Design e Urbanistica, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Nicola Sechi
- Dipartimento di Architettura, Design e Urbanistica, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Anna Milandri
- Fondazione Centro Ricerche Marine, National Reference Laboratory for Marine Biotoxins, Viale A. Vespucci 2, 47042 Cesenatico (FC), Italy.
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Alkawri A. Seasonal variation in composition and abundance of harmful dinoflagellates in Yemeni waters, southern Red Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 112:225-234. [PMID: 27555482 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
General abundance and species composition of a dinoflagellate community in Yemeni coastal waters of Al Salif (southern Red Sea) were studied with a view to understand the annual variations in particular the toxic species. Dinoflagellates were more abundant among phytoplankton. Thirty five dinoflagellate taxa were identified, among which 12 were reported as potentially toxic species. A significant change in seasonal abundance was recorded with the maximum (2.27∗106cellsl-1) in May, and the minimum (2.50∗102cellsl-1) recorded in January. Kryptoperidinium foliaceum, which was reported for the first time from the Red Sea, was the most abundant species with a maximum in May 2013 (2.26∗106cellsl-1). Spearman's rank correlation analysis indicates that, total harmful dinoflagellate cells, K. foliaceum, Prorocentrum gracile and Prorocentrum micans were significantly correlated with temperature. This study suggests that Yemeni waters should be monitored to investigate harmful species and to identify areas and seasons at higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulsalam Alkawri
- Department of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Environment, Hodeidah University, Republic of Yemen.
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Bazzoni AM, Mudadu AG, Lorenzoni G, Arras I, Lugliè A, Vivaldi B, Cicotelli V, Sanna G, Tedde G, Ledda S, Alesso E, Marongiu E, Virgilio S. Occurrence of Harmful Algal Species and Shellfish Toxicity in Sardinia (Italy). Ital J Food Saf 2016; 5:6095. [PMID: 28058244 PMCID: PMC5178840 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2016.6095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sardinia (Italy, north-western Mediterranean) is a commercially important producer of edible bivalve molluscs. Since the early 2000s, it was subjected to recurring cases of mussel farm closures due to toxic algal poison. Here, we present the studies on toxin concentrations and the associated potentially toxic phytoplankton distribution and abundances carried out by a regular monitoring programme in Sardinian shellfish areas, from January to May 2015. Diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins were detected in several bivalve molluscs samples, while paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins were present just once, without exceeding the legal limits. Potentially toxic algal species have been constantly present. Pseudo-nitzschia species were present during the entire study often with high abundances, while Dinophysis species reached high densities sporadically. Among PSP phytoplankton, only Alexandrium minutum Halim was found. The data obtained in this study showed an increase in the DSP toxicity in mussels in Sardinia. No clear relation between the occurrence of toxins in shellfish and the presence of potentially toxic algal species was found, although a slight correlation between DSP toxins and Dinophysis species could be supported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Igor Arras
- Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Sardinia , Sassari
| | | | - Barbara Vivaldi
- Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Piedmont, Liguria and Valle D'Aosta , Genoa, Italy
| | - Valentina Cicotelli
- Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Piedmont, Liguria and Valle D'Aosta , Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Sanna
- Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Sardinia , Sassari
| | - Giuseppe Tedde
- Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Sardinia , Sassari
| | - Salvatore Ledda
- Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Sardinia , Sassari
| | - Enrico Alesso
- Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Piedmont, Liguria and Valle D'Aosta , Genoa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Marongiu
- Institute for Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Sardinia , Sassari
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Klouch KZ, Schmidt S, Andrieux-Loyer F, Le Gac M, Hervio-Heath D, Qui-Minet ZN, Quéré J, Bigeard E, Guillou L, Siano R. Historical records from dated sediment cores reveal the multidecadal dynamic of the toxic dinoflagellateAlexandrium minutumin the Bay of Brest (France). FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fiw101. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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