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Jung CC. Investigation of source and infiltration of toxic metals in indoor PM 2.5 using Pb isotopes during a season of high pollution in an urban area. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 46:7. [PMID: 38097867 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01801-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) isotope ratio has been applied in source investigation for particulate matter in size < 2.5 μm. However, arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) are carcinogenic to human and their isotope analysis is difficult. This study investigated whether the Pb isotope ratio was a useful indicator in identifying the sources of As and Cd indoors and investigating its influencing factors. This study also calculated the infiltration factor (Finf) for metals to assess the influences of indoor- and outdoor-generated metals to indoor air. The As and Cd concentrations in indoor air were 0.87 ± 0.69 and 0.19 ± 0.15 ng/m3, respectively; the corresponding values for outdoor air were 1.44 ± 0.80 and 0.33 ± 0.19 ng/m3. The Finf of As and Cd were 0.60 ± 0.37 and 0.58 ± 0.39, and outdoor was a predominant contributor to indoor As and Cd. The Pb isotopes ratio indicated that traffic-related emission was a major contributor to Pb. The Pb concentration was associated with those of As and Cd in indoor or outdoor air, as was the 208Pb/207Pb ratio in outdoor air. Significant correlations between indoor 208Pb/207Pb values and As and Cd concentrations in indoor air were found only in study houses with air change rate > 1.5 h-1. These findings suggested that traffic-related emission was identified as a major source of As and Cr. The 208Pb/207Pb is a useful indicator in investigating the source of As and Cd; however, the air change rate influences the applicability of this approach on source identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Cheng Jung
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung City, 40640, Taiwan.
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Qiu Z, Li W, Qiu Y, Chen Z, Yang F, Xu W, Gao Y, Liu Z, Li Q, Jiang M, Liu H, Zhan Y, Dai L. Third trimester as the susceptibility window for maternal PM 2.5 exposure and preterm birth: A nationwide surveillance-based association study in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163274. [PMID: 37019233 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Maternal PM2.5 exposure has been identified as a potential risk factor for preterm birth, yet the inconsistent findings on the susceptible exposure windows may be partially due to the influence of gaseous pollutants. This study aims to examine the association between PM2.5 exposure and preterm birth during different susceptible exposure windows after adjusting for exposure to gaseous pollutants. We collected 2,294,188 records of singleton live births from 30 provinces of China from 2013 to 2019, and the gridded daily concentrations of air pollutants (including PM2.5, O3, NO2, SO2, and CO) were derived by using machine learning models for assessing individual exposure. We employed logistic regression to develop single-pollutant models (including PM2.5 only) and co-pollutant models (including PM2.5 and a gaseous pollutant) to estimate the odds ratio for preterm birth and its subtypes, with adjustment for maternal age, neonatal sex, parity, meteorological conditions, and other potential confounders. In the single-pollutant models, PM2.5 exposure in each trimester was significantly associated with preterm birth, and the third trimester exposure showed a stronger association with very preterm birth than that with moderate to late preterm birth. The co-pollutant models revealed that preterm birth might be significantly associated only with maternal exposure to PM2.5 in the third trimester, and not with exposure in the first or second trimester. The observed significant associations between preterm birth and maternal PM2.5 exposure in the first and second trimesters in single-pollutant models might primarily be influenced by exposure to gaseous pollutants. Our study provides evidence that the third trimester may be the susceptible window for maternal PM2.5 exposure and preterm birth. The association between PM2.5 exposure and preterm birth could be influenced by gaseous pollutants, which should be taken into consideration when evaluating the impact of PM2.5 exposure on maternal and fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Qiu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; The Joint Laboratory for Pulmonary Development and Related Diseases, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Fumo Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Wenli Xu
- National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yuyang Gao
- National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qi Li
- National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hanmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Li Dai
- The Joint Laboratory for Pulmonary Development and Related Diseases, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Moniruzzaman M, Shaikh MAA, Saha B, Shahrukh S, Jawaa ZT, Khan MF. Seasonal changes and respiratory deposition flux of PM 2.5 and PM 10 bound metals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136794. [PMID: 36220426 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to rapid urbanization and fast economic development, aerosol pollution is a serious environmental issue, especially in Bangladesh. Based on bioaccessibility and respiratory deposition doses (RDD), health risks of PM2.5 and PM10 bound 15 (fifteen) metals were investigated at fourteen urban sites (roadside, marketplace, industrial, and commercial areas). Sampling campaigns were conducted over four seasons (winter, summer, rainy, and autumn) from December 2020 to November 2021. A beta attenuation mass analyzer measured particulate matter concentrations in ambient air. The metals in PM fractions were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The airborne trace metals (Cd, As, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni) with high enrichment factors indicate anthropogenic sources. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) categorized these elements as originating from automobile exhaust, industrial emissions, and solid waste/coal combustion, whereas the geologic elements came from earth crust/soil dust. During the winter, most of the air mass trajectories arrived from India across the land (82%) and Indo Gangetic Plain (IGP) region to the sampling sites, which may have aided in the transport of pollutants. The deposition flux of metals illustrated that compared to PM2.5, PM10 deposited a higher amount of metals in the upper airways (81.96%). In comparison, PM2.5 accumulates more elevated amounts of metals in alveolar regions (11.77%), due to the ability of fine particles to penetrate deeper into the lower pulmonary region. Among age groups, an adult inhales a higher amount of metals than a child, on average 0.103 mg and 0.08 mg of metals per day via PM2.5, respectively. Acute health impacts are caused by the deposited cancer-causing metals in alveolar tissue, which circulates through the bloodstream and affects several organs. Prolonged exposure to these carcinogenic metals poses significant health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Aftab Ali Shaikh
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh; Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Badhan Saha
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Saif Shahrukh
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh; Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Zarin Tasneem Jawaa
- Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md Firoz Khan
- Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh; School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
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O’Sharkey K, Xu Y, Chavez T, Johnson M, Cabison J, Rosales M, Grubbs B, Toledo-Corral CM, Farzan SF, Bastain T, Breton CV, Habre R. In-utero personal exposure to PM 2.5 impacted by indoor and outdoor sources and birthweight in the MADRES cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANCES 2022; 9:100257. [PMID: 36778968 PMCID: PMC9912940 DOI: 10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In-utero exposure to outdoor particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is linked with low birthweight. However, previous results are mixed, likely due to measurement error introduced by estimating personal exposure from ambient data. This study investigated the effect of total personal PM2.5 exposure on birthweight and whether it differed when it was more heavily impacted by sources of indoor vs outdoor origin in the MADRES cohort study. METHODS Personal PM2.5 exposure was measured in 205 pregnant women in the 3rd trimester using 48 h integrated, filter-based sampling. Linear regression was used to test the association between personal PM2.5 exposure and birthweight, adjusting for key covariates. Interactions of PM2.5 with variables representing indoor sources of PM2.5, home ventilation, or time spent indoors tested whether the effect of total PM2.5 on birthweight varied when it was more impacted by sources of indoor vs outdoor origin. RESULTS In a sample of largely Hispanic (81%) pregnant women, total personal PM2.5 was not significantly associated with birthweight (β = 38.6 per 1SD increase in PM2.5; 95% CI:-21.1, 98.2). This association however, differed by home type (single family home: 156.9 (26.9, 287.0), 2-4 attached units:-16.6 (-111.9, 78.7), 5+ units:-62.6 (-184.9, 59.6), missing: 145.4 (-4.1, 294.9), interaction p = 0.028) and by household air conditioner use (none of the time: -27.6 (-101.5, 46.3) vs. some of the time: 139.9 (42.9, 237.0), interaction p = 0.008) Additionally, the effect of personal PM2.5 on birthweight varied by time spent indoors (none or little of the time: - 45.1 (-208.3, 118.1) vs. most or all of the time: 57.1 (-7.3, 121.6), interaction p = 0.255). CONCLUSIONS While no significant association between total personal PM2.5 exposure and birthweight was found, there was evidence that multi-unit housing (vs. single-family homes), candle and/or incense smoke, and greater outdoor source contributions to personal PM2.5 were more strongly associated with lower birthweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl O’Sharkey
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Yan Xu
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Thomas Chavez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Jane Cabison
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Marisela Rosales
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Claudia M. Toledo-Corral
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, United States
| | - Shohreh F. Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Theresa Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St Rm 102M, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Xiao K, Yao X, Zhang X, Fu N, Shi Q, Meng X, Ren X. Pollution Characteristics, Source Apportionment, and Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Road Dust Samples in Jiayuguan, Hexi Corridor, China. TOXICS 2022; 10:580. [PMID: 36287861 PMCID: PMC9607028 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10100580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The sources of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in road dust are complex and potentially harmful to humans, especially in industrial cities. Jiayuguan is the largest steel-producing city in Northwest China, and this study was the first to conduct a related study on PTEs in road dust in this city, including the pollution characteristics, source apportionment, and health risk assessment of PTEs in road dust. The results showed that the highest concentration of PTEs in the local road dust samples were Mn, Ba, Zn, and Cr. The enrichment factor (EF) of Se was the highest, and it was "Very high enrichment" in areas other than the background area, indicating that the local Se was more affected by human activities. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) of Se was also the highest, and the pollution level was 5 in all areas except the background area, indicating that the local Se was more polluted and related to coal combustion. The sources of PTEs in local road dust samples mainly included geogenic-industrial sources, coal combustion, traffic sources, and oil combustion. For the non-carcinogenic risk, the hazard index (HI) of each element of children was higher than that of adults, and the sum of the HI of each element was greater than 1, indicating that there was a non-carcinogenic risk under the combined influence of multiple elements, which was especially obvious in industrial areas. For the carcinogenic risk, the cancer risk (CR) of Cr at a certain point in the industrial area exceeded 10-4, which was a carcinogenic risk, and the Cr in this area may be related to the topsoil of the local abandoned chromate plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiao
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yao
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ning Fu
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Analysis and Testing Center, Gansu Province Environmental Monitoring Center, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Qiuhong Shi
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaorui Meng
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xuechang Ren
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Chowdhury M, Ghosh S, Padhy PK. Effects of indoor air pollution on tribal community in rural India and health risk assessment due to domestic biomass burning: a realistic approach using the lung deposition model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:59606-59618. [PMID: 35391641 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19973-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Indoor air pollution from the combustion of biomass fuel and associated health risks is a critical issue in developing countries. Concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 are measured in Birbhum, West Bengal, during 2017-2018. PM2.5-bound elemental concentrations of twelve metals are determined in rural kitchens. The results showed higher toxicological risks in BMF (1.15) than the LPG users (0.14). The risk of non-carcinogenic exposure related with dermal contact and ingestion was observed in the acceptable limits (HQ < 1) for all age groups, and the risk associated with inhalation exposure from Cr, Ni, As, and Mn exceeded the acceptable limit. Results also suggest that carcinogenic risks from ingestion and dermal contact are within the acceptable limit (1 × 10-4-1 × 10-6) except Cr and As which were found to exceed the range. The deposition flux (Dφ) for multiple metals in the head airway region, tracheobronchial region, and alveolar regions was found to be higher in teenagers as compared to other groups, whereas the value was lower in infants. Further, it was notified from the Dφ that the metals could pass through the head airways and harm the tracheobronchial tree and alveolar region, increasing the risk of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Chowdhury
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science (Siksha Bhavana), Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, - 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Suraj Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science (Siksha Bhavana), Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, - 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Pratap Kumar Padhy
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science (Siksha Bhavana), Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, - 731235, West Bengal, India.
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Su HJ, Jung CC, Wang JH, Chen NT, Chang WH. Estimations of infiltration factors of diurnal PM 2.5 and heavy metals in children's bedrooms. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e13037. [PMID: 35622721 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Children are the sensitive population to fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) exposure and spend most of their time in bedroom. Infiltration factor (Finf ) can be used to calculate the fraction of total indoor PM2.5 with outdoor origin to increase the accuracy of exposure assessment. However, studies have ignored the diurnal variations of PM2.5 Finf values, and a few studies have estimated Finf values for heavy metals in PM2.5 in children's bedrooms. To calculate the PM2.5 Finf , real-time indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations and occupants' activities were collected in 56 study bedrooms. At 22 of the 56 study bedrooms, PM2.5 samples were also collected for heavy metals analysis. We noted the PM2.5 Finf was higher during the daytime (0.70 ± 0.23) than nighttime (0.54 ± 0.27) during the hot season, and the time of air conditioner use was longer at nighttime. The largest Finf value of heavy metal was V (0.88 ± 0.25), followed by Pb (0.85 ± 0.28), Mn (0.72 ± 0.26), Cr (0.69 ± 0.35), and Zn (0.61 ± 0.32), with a larger variation. Our findings suggest that the estimations of diurnal PM2.5 and heavy metals Finf values are necessary to increase the accuracy of exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Jen Su
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Jung
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsin Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Tzu Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
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Konstantinova E, Minkina T, Konstantinov A, Sushkova S, Antonenko E, Kurasova A, Loiko S. Pollution status and human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban street dust of Tyumen city, Russia. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:409-432. [PMID: 32803735 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00692-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated levels and sources of pollution and potential health risks associated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban street dust collected from Tyumen city, a large transport centre with one of the highest motorization rates in Russia. Twenty street dust samples were collected from four grades of roads in five different land use areas. Research methods included measurements of physical and chemical properties of street dust, concentrations of 18 PTEs using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, 12 PAHs using high-performance liquid chromatography, and statistical analysis of the data. Concentrations of Ni, Cr, Sb, and Mo, as well as medium and high molecular weight PAHs in urban street dust, were notably higher than in soils within the city, which indicates that transport is the main source of these elements. Concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn, and As in street dust of Tyumen were lower compared to many large cities, while Cr, Ni, and Co were higher. Concentrations of PAH were comparable to other large nonindustrial cities. Total contamination of street dust by both PTEs and PAHs showed more robust relationships with the number of roadway lanes rather than land use. The estimated carcinogenic risks were low in 70% of samples and medium in 30% of samples. Noncarcinogenic risks were attributed to exposure to Co, Ni, V, and As. The total noncarcinogenic risk for adults was found to be negligible, while the risk was found to be moderate for children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Elena Antonenko
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Alina Kurasova
- University of Tyumen, 6 Volodarskogo St., Tyumen, Russian Federation
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Loiko
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
- Tomsk Oil and Gas Research and Design Institute (TomskNIPIneft), Tomsk, Russian Federation
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Huang J, Wu Y, Li Y, Sun J, Xie Y, Fan Z. Do trace metal(loid)s in road soils pose health risks to tourists? A case of a highly-visited national park in China. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 111:61-74. [PMID: 34949374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, more people tend to spend their recreational time in large national parks, and trace metal(loid)s in soils have attracted long-term attention due to their possible harm to human health. To investigate the pollution levels, potential sources and health risks of trace metal(loid)s in road soils, a total of eight trace metal(loid)s (including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg) from 47 soil samples along roads were studied in the Huangshan National Park in Southeast China. The results showed that the concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Zn and Hg appeared different degrees of pollution compared with their corresponding background values. According to the pollution indices, Hg and Cd were recognized as significant pollutants presenting moderate to high ecological risk. Combining principal component analysis and positive matrix factorization model, the results showed that traffic, industrial, agricultural and natural sources were the potential origins of trace metal(loid)s in this area, with contribution rates of 39.93%, 25.92%, 10.53% and 23.62%, respectively. Non-carcinogenic risks were all negligible, while the carcinogenic risk of As was higher than the limit (1 × 10-6). Moreover, children were more susceptible to trace metal(loid)s by ingestion which appeared to be a more important exposure pathway than dermal contact and inhalation. The contribution rates of different sources to non-carcinogenic risks and carcinogenic risks were similar among children and adults, while traffic and industrial sources have a significant impact on health risks. This study will give more insights to control the environmental risks of trace metal(loid)s in national parks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingling Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuying Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanyao Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiaxun Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yujing Xie
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhengqiu Fan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Pongboonkhumlarp N, Jinsart W. Health risk analysis from volatile organic compounds and fine particulate matter in the printing industry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : IJEST 2022; 19:8633-8644. [PMID: 35287281 PMCID: PMC8907911 DOI: 10.1007/s13762-021-03733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The association between the printing activity and the pollutant exposure of the workers was investigated in five consecutive working days, during 8 h work shift per day. Exposure concentrations of the total volatile organic compound and fine particulate matter were measured in the four voluntary printing factories in Thailand. Two types of the printing process, offset and digital printing, were compared. The 8 h average of particulate matter 2.5 in the field blank, Offset A, Offset B, Offset C printing and Digital printing D was 7.46, 21.51, 44.26, 77.92, and 42.08 µgm-3, respectively. The highest particulate matter level in the Offset printing C, 77.92 µgm-3 was due to the surrounded paper dust in the area. The 8 h average of total volatile organic compounds in field blank, Offset A, Offset B, Offset C printing and Digital printing D was 0.12, 2.68, 5.02, 21.86, and 0.67 ppm, respectively. The highest total volatile organic compound was 21.86 ppm in the Offset printing C because of the high production rate and the application of organic solvents in the cleanup process. Worker's exposure to total volatile organic compound and particulate matter 2.5 in the offset printings was higher than in the digital laser printing. From the health risk evaluation, the workers in offset printings were at risk from total volatile organic compound exposure, Hazard quotient > 1. However, workers exposed to particulate matter exposures were not at risk, Hazard quotient < 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Pongboonkhumlarp
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - W. Jinsart
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Wang Y, Qian P, Li D, Chen H, Zhou X. Assessing risk to human health for heavy metal contamination from public point utility through ground dust: a case study in Nantong, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:67234-67247. [PMID: 34247351 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in ground dust presents potential environmental and human health threats. However, the heavy metal contamination status of ground dust in the vicinity of public point utilities remains poorly explored. Therefore, this study has been designed to analyze the heavy metal contaminations in the ground dust collected monthly near a public bronze sculpture in an urban campus of Nantong, China, using geo-accumulation indexes (Igeo), enrichment factors (EF), potential ecological risk indexes (RI), and health risks (noncarcinogenic risks (HI) and carcinogenic risks (CR)). This study revealed that the maximum Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations in ground dust samples were 156.2, 708.8, 869.8, 140.8, 180.5, and 1089.7 mg kg-1, respectively, in which the mean Cu and Zn concentrations were 9 and 7 times higher than the background level in the soil. Temporally speaking, for the majority of heavy metals (with the exception of Ni), the high-concentration seasons tend to be mainly summer and autumn. It was observed that Cu and Zn exhibited significant enrichment (EF = 11.7 and 8.4, respectively), moderate-to-strong pollution (Igeo = 2.4 and 2.0, respectively), and moderate- and low-potential ecological risks ([Formula: see text] = 45.6 and 6.6, respectively). The noncarcinogenic risks which adults exposed to the heavy metal concentrations suffered were found to be insignificant. However, the carcinogenic risks related to Ni (1.3E-04) had exceeded the acceptable level. Based on principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis, the heavy metal concentrations in the ground dust of urban campuses could be related to public point utilities, traffic-related exhaust sources, and industrial activities. This study's findings demonstrated that urban public utilities require more attention due to their significant enrichment, ecological risk factors, and the significant carcinogenic risks to the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- School of Geographical Science, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Peng Qian
- School of Geographical Science, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, China.
| | - Dongming Li
- Nantong Water Conservation Project Management Office of Tonglyu Canal River, 397 West Waihuan Road, Nantong, 226005, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Nantong Branch of Jiangsu Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau, 31 Yaogang Road, Nantong, 226006, China
| | - Xiangqian Zhou
- Department of Aquatic Ecosystems Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), 3a Brückstraße, 39114, Magdeburg, Germany
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12
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Health damage to housewives by contaminants emitted from coal combustion in the Chinese countryside: focusing on day-to-day cooking. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 94:1917-1929. [PMID: 34283291 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to estimate the health damage and find out the main exposure pathways of housewives posed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (HMs) from coal combustion in rural areas of China. METHODS We obtained the concentrations of 16 PAHs and 8 HMs from published literatures and the Monte Carlo simulation was used to process and analysis the data. Sensitivity analysis was also applied to clear parameter uncertainty and the health damage of housewives was quantitatively evaluated by loss of life expectancy. RESULTS Housewives' carcinogenic risks from PAHs exposure were in descending order of inhalation > ingestion > dermal contact, while exposed to HMs were ingestion > dermal contact > inhalation. The carcinogenic risks from PAHs primarily originated from benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), dibenz[ah]anthracene (DahA) and benzo[b]fluorathene (BbF). For HMs, arsenic posed the highest carcinogenic risk to housewives, with a contribution of 92.98%. In addition, the life expectancy loss of housewives exposed to PAHs was 469.04 min from inhalation and 51.82 min for HMs from ingestion. CONCLUSION Through a comprehensive assessment of the health risks in housewives exposed to emissions from coal combustion, we can gain insight into the hazards from PAHs and HMs in housewives, and take measures to reduce their exposure risks.
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Wang X, Wang B, Xiao L, Cui X, Cen X, Yang S, Mu G, Xu T, Zhou M, Chen W. Sources of 24-h personal exposure to PM 2.5-bound metals: results from a panel study in Wuhan, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:27555-27564. [PMID: 33515145 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric PM2.5-bound metals have been widely addressed, but research on the exposure levels and sources of personal PM2.5-bound metals among urban community residents is limited. The aim of this study is to explore the exposure levels and sources of 24-h personal PM2.5-bound metals among community inhabitants in Wuhan, China. We conducted a penal study of 216 observations with measurements of 16 metals bounded to 24-h personal PM2.5 samples in April-May, 2014, 2017. Analyses of covariance were used to compare PM2.5-bound metal levels across different living habits and ambient conditions. Principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation was performed to explore PM2.5-bound metal sources. Personal PM2.5-bound aluminum (Al) (113.41 ng/m3) showed the highest geometric mean (GM) concentration, followed by lead (Pb) (90.89 ng/m3), zinc (Zn) (67.71 ng/m3), and iron (Fe) (51.85 ng/m3). The elevated levels of PM2.5-bound Al, vanadium (V), manganese (Mn), arsenic (As), rubidium (Rb), cadmium (Cd), and thallium (Tl) were found in participants with cigarette smoke exposure, compared with those without. The concentrations of Rb and strontium (Sr) were positively associated with the time spent outdoors. The increased concentration of nickel (Ni) was found in individuals who spent > 30 min/day in traffic. The elevated levels of V, Mn, and cobalt (Co) were associated with a short distance from dwellings to the main road. The results of PCA showed that PM2.5-bound metals might come from five sources: As, selenium (Se), Rb, Cd, Tl, and Pb from cigarette smoke exposure; Al, V, Mn, Fe, and Sr from crustal dust; copper (Cu) and antimony (Sb) from industrial activities; Ni and Co from traffic emission; and Zn from coal combustion. The concentrations of PM2.5-bound metals in this study were at moderate levels. Cigarette smoke exposure, industrial activities, traffic emission, and coal combustion might be major anthropogenic sources of personal PM2.5-bound metal exposures in Wuhan, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Lili Xiao
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiuqing Cui
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xingzu Cen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shijie Yang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ge Mu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Geochemical Mapping, Risk Assessment, and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Road Dust Using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12050614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals in road dust pose a significant threat to human health. This study investigated the concentrations, patterns, and sources of eight hazardous heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and Hg) in the street dust of Zhengzhou city of PR China. Fifty-eight samples of road dust were analyzed based on three methods of risk assessment, i.e., Geo-Accumulation Index (Igeo), Potential Ecological Risk Assessment (RI), and Nemerow Synthetic Pollution Index (PIN). The results exhibited higher concentrations of Hg and Cd 14 and 7 times higher than their background values, respectively. Igeo showed the risks of contamination in a range of unpolluted (Cr, Ni) to strongly polluted (Hg and Cd) categories. RI came up with the contamination ranges from low (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb) to extreme (Cd and Hg) risk of contamination. The risk of contamination based on PIN was from safe (Cu, As, and Pb) to seriously high (Cd and Hg). The results yielded by PIN indicated the extreme risk of Cd and Hg in the city. Positive Matrix Factorization was used to identify the sources of contamination. Factor 1 (vehicular exhaust), Factor 2 (coal combustion), Factor 3 (metal industry), and Factor 4 (anthropogenic activities), respectively, contributed 14.63%, 35.34%, 36.14%, and 13.87% of total heavy metal pollution. Metal’s presence in the dust is a direct health risk for humans and warrants immediate and effective pollution control and prevention measures in the city.
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15
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Human health impact assessment and temporal distribution of trace elements in Copșa Mică- Romania. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7049. [PMID: 33782481 PMCID: PMC8007619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to analyze the temporal variations of PM10 and to assess the health risk indexes caused by trace elements from particulate matter (PM10) via inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption by adults and children in Copșa Mică (Romania) during 2009–2019. The results revealed a high multi-annual mean concentration of PM10 and trace elements. The analyzed air pollutants showed a decreasing trend during the studied years, therefore 44.11%, 43.48%, 36.07%, 16.02%, and 15.80% lower values were observed for As, Cd, Ni, PM10, and Pb, respectively, due to environmental regulations. The daily exceedance percentage of Pb and Cd was very high, representing 21.74% and 11.26%, followed by PM10 and As concentrations with 4.72% and 3.92%. The ratio between the trace element concentration measured in Copșa Mică and the country average was 2.46, 4.01, 2.44 and 10.52 times higher for As, Cd, Ni and Pb. The calculated Hazard Quotient values via inhalation were higher than the safe limit (1), which accounted 1.81, 3.89 and 4.52, for As, Cd and Ni, respectively, indicating that the trace elements might present a non-carcinogenic risk to both adults and children. Furthermore, the concentration of all studied trace elements in Copșa Mică showed cancer risk for adults via inhalation and dermal absorption as well.
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Bodor K, Bodor Z, Szép R. Spatial distribution of trace elements (As, Cd, Ni, Pb) from PM 10 aerosols and human health impact assessment in an Eastern European country, Romania. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:176. [PMID: 33751243 PMCID: PMC7943529 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-08931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the concentrations of trace elements in PM10 were determined and analyzed at 115 monitoring stations in Romania throughout the period 2009-2018. The spatiotemporal distribution of trace element concentrations of PM10, the source apportionment and health impact assessment, was carried out. The results showed a very high multi-annual mean concentration for PM10 and trace elements as well. The multiannual average concentration of PM10 was higher by 29.75% than the World Health Organization recommendation. All studied air pollutants showed a decreasing trend during the studied years, showing with 17.84%, 50.21%, 43.36%, 11.27%, and 72.09% lower values for PM10, As-, Cd-, Ni-, and Pb-, respectively, due to environmental regulations. To assess the human health impact, the hazard quotient (HQ) and cancer risk (CR) were calculated using the health risk model developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The Cd and Ni might present a non-carcinogenic risk to both adults and children; however, the hazard quotient values are higher than the safe limit, with 9.53 and 1.93, respectively. In addition, our study results revealed that the inhalation of As, Cd and the dermal absorption of all studied trace elements were considered as the most important risk factors for developing cancer, especially in case of adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Bodor
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Pécs, st. Ifjúság 6, 7624, Pécs, Hungary
- Faculty of Economics, Socio - Human Sciences and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Libertății Sq. 1530104, Miercurea Ciuc, Romania
- Institute for Research and Development for Hunting and Mountain Resources, st. Progresului 35B, 530240, Miercurea Ciuc, Romania
| | - Zsolt Bodor
- Faculty of Economics, Socio - Human Sciences and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Libertății Sq. 1530104, Miercurea Ciuc, Romania
| | - Róbert Szép
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Pécs, st. Ifjúság 6, 7624, Pécs, Hungary.
- Faculty of Economics, Socio - Human Sciences and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Libertății Sq. 1530104, Miercurea Ciuc, Romania.
- Institute for Research and Development for Hunting and Mountain Resources, st. Progresului 35B, 530240, Miercurea Ciuc, Romania.
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Gupta A, Naved MM, Kumbhare H, Bherwani H, Das D, Labhsetwar N. Impact assessment of clean cookstove intervention in Gujarat, India: a potential case for corporate social responsibility (CSR) funding. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:12740-12752. [PMID: 33090342 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to indoor air pollutants released from traditional cookstoves in rural Indian households is a matter of great concern. While there are various studies over several decades focused towards intervention strategies for reducing air pollutants, limited literature exists towards the identification of appropriate methodology for feasible intervention, adoption and usage of improved cookstoves (ICS). In the present study, PM2.5 and CO microenvironment concentrations are estimated in households using traditional and improved cookstove (NEERDHUR). The reduction in PM2.5 and CO microenvironment concentrations after the introduction of ICS was found to be 89-94% and 35-57%, respectively. Information-education-communication (IEC) activity was used as a tool to increase the adoption and usage rate in the ICS using households. The cost-benefit analysis was also performed to check the benefits of ICS use, and the benefit-cost ratio was found to be 3 to 4 times. Findings of the study suggest that, although the ICS intervention could significantly improve the indoor air quality, however, it fails to comply with the permissible safe limits; further focus on greener fuels and ventilation characteristics is suggested. The outcomes from the study can help decision-makers, corporate social responsibility fund mobilizers and policymakers for effective policy advocacy to design efforts by promoting clean cooking interventions and linking and mapping these with national missions and flagship programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Gupta
- Energy and Resource Management Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India.
- Director's Research Cell, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
| | - Mohd Mubashshir Naved
- Energy and Resource Management Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Himanshu Kumbhare
- Energy and Resource Management Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India
| | - Hemant Bherwani
- Director's Research Cell, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Darpan Das
- Energy and Resource Management Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India.
| | - Nitin Labhsetwar
- Energy and Resource Management Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
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Wu Y, Yang X, Wang H, Jia G, Wang T. Relationship between ambient PM 2.5 exposure and blood cadmium level in children under 14 years in Beijing, China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123871. [PMID: 33264943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ambient PM2.5 pollution is a global environmental problem. PM2.5 can act as a carrier of heavy metals. However, the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and blood cadmium (Cd) level in children was less understood. Based on the data of hourly collected PM2.5 and blood Cd level of 13,626 children aged 0-14 years from Apr. 2008 to Feb. 2013 in Beijing of China, we investigated the short-term effects of PM2.5 exposure on blood Cd level. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were utilized to explore the potential association between PM2.5 exposure and blood Cd level of children. The results showed that the mean blood Cd level was 0.64 μg/L. There was a significant association between PM2.5 exposure and blood Cd level (P < 0.05). Age was negatively associated with blood Cd level (P < 0.05), and the younger children were more sensitive to Cd from PM2.5 exposure. There wasn't a significant difference in PM2.5 concentration between heating and non-heating seasons in winter (P > 0.05); there was also no gender difference of children on blood Cd level (P > 0.05). The present study demonstrates the importance of controlling the PM2.5 bound Cd exposure, and environmental countermeasures should be implemented stringently to reduce their impact on children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haining Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Li W, Dryfhout-Clark H, Hung H. PM 10-bound trace elements in the Great Lakes Basin (1988-2017) indicates effectiveness of regulatory actions, variations in sources and reduction in human health risks. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:106008. [PMID: 32768183 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Limited studies focus on the effectiveness of regulatory actions on changes in sources and temporal trends of human health risks for trace elements in atmospheric particles < 10 μm (PM10). To address this knowledge gap, PM10 samples were collected at three stations in the Great Lakes Basin over a thirty-year time span and analyzed for 19 representative elements. Temporal trends of trace elements in PM10 were derived using the Digital Filtration Technique and sources of these elements were determined using multiple statistical techniques, namely enrichment factor analysis, positive matrix factorization (PMF) and potential source contribution function (PSCF). Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks by chronic exposure were assessed using US EPA reference concentrations and inhalation unit risk. Our results showed a strong relationship between element concentrations and local populations, which suggested that the emissions of trace elements were anthropogenically-related and was confirmed by the enrichment factor analysis. The concentrations of most elements were significantly decreasing with halving times ranging from 10 to 48 years in response to national and international regulatory actions. Specific origins of atmospheric trace elements were from the copper refining industry, refuse incineration, coal combustion, vehicle emissions, oil/coal-fired power plants, and crustal/soil dust. Potential source region analysis indicates dominant sources south of the sampling sites in the US, associated with a higher population and more industrial and transportation activities. The possibility of non-cancer health effects due to inhalation were mostly within acceptable levels. However, potential cancer risk posed by inhalation of some elements cannot be ignored, with values approaching or higher than the acceptable level. Considering that the sampling locations are remote and regionally-representative, our finding emphasizes the importance of continued monitoring of metals in air to assess the effectiveness of control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Li
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Helena Dryfhout-Clark
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Hayley Hung
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada.
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Barn P, Gombojav E, Ochir C, Boldbaatar B, Beejin B, Naidan G, Galsuren J, Legtseg B, Byambaa T, Hutcheon JA, Janes C, Janssen PA, Lanphear BP, McCandless LC, Takaro TK, Venners SA, Webster GM, Palmer CD, Parsons PJ, Allen RW. Coal smoke, gestational cadmium exposure, and fetal growth. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108830. [PMID: 31678728 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational cadmium exposure may impair fetal growth. Coal smoke has largely been unexplored as a source of cadmium exposure. We investigated the relationship between gestational cadmium exposure and fetal growth, and assessed coal smoke as a potential source of airborne cadmium, among non-smoking pregnant women in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, where coal combustion in home heating stoves is a major source of outdoor and indoor air pollution. METHODS This observational study was nested within the Ulaanbaatar Gestation and Air Pollution Research (UGAAR) study, a randomized controlled trial of portable high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter air cleaner use during pregnancy, fetal growth, and early childhood development. We measured third trimester blood cadmium concentrations in 374 out of 465 participants who had a live birth. We used multiple linear and logistic regression to assess the relationships between log2-transformed maternal blood cadmium concentrations and birth weight, length, head circumference, ponderal index, low birth weight, small for gestational age, and preterm birth in crude and adjusted models. We also evaluated the relationships between log2-transformed blood cadmium concentrations and the density of coal-burning stoves within 5000 m of each participant's apartment as a proxy of coal smoke emissions from home heating stoves. RESULTS The median (25th,75th percentile) blood cadmium concentration was 0.20 (0.15, 0.29) μg/L. A doubling of blood cadmium was associated with a 95 g (95% CI: 34, 155 g) reduction in birth weight in adjusted models. An interquartile range increase in coal stove density (from 3.4 to 4.9 gers/hectare) surrounding participants' apartments was associated with a 12.2% (95% CI: 0.3, 25.6%) increase in blood cadmium concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Gestational cadmium exposure was associated with reduced birth weight. In settings where coal is a widely used fuel, cadmium may play a role in the putative association between air pollution and impaired fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabjit Barn
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Enkhjargal Gombojav
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia
| | - Chimedsuren Ochir
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia
| | - Buyantushig Boldbaatar
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia
| | - Bolor Beejin
- Ministry of Health of Mongolia, Olympic Street-2, Government Building VIII, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Gerel Naidan
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia
| | - Jargalsaikhan Galsuren
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia
| | - Bayarkhuu Legtseg
- Sukhbaatar District Health Center, 11 Horoo, Tsagdaagiin Gudamj, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Tsogtbaatar Byambaa
- Ministry of Health of Mongolia, Olympic Street-2, Government Building VIII, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Jennifer A Hutcheon
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, 4500 Oak Street, Vancouver, V6H 2N1, Canada
| | - Craig Janes
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Patricia A Janssen
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Lawrence C McCandless
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Tim K Takaro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Scott A Venners
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Glenys M Webster
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Christopher D Palmer
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, PO Box 509, 12201, USA; School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, One University Place, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Patrick J Parsons
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, PO Box 509, 12201, USA; School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, One University Place, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Ryan W Allen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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21
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Zhang S, Wang L, Zhang W, Wang L, Shi X, Lu X, Li X. Pollution Assessment and Source Apportionment of Trace Metals in Urban Topsoil of Xi'an City in Northwest China. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 77:575-586. [PMID: 31286175 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sixty-two topsoil samples were collected within the third ring road of Xi'an City in Northwest China and analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for the concentrations of As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn. The pollution levels of trace metals were assessed by pollution index (PI) and Nemerow pollution index (NPI). Meanwhile, the sources of trace metals were apportioned by receptor models, including positive matrix factorization (PMF), UNMIX, and principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR). The average concentrations of the trace metals analyzed in the urban soil exceeded the corresponding soil element background values of Shaanxi Province, especially for Co, which was 2.38 times higher than the corresponding background value. The mean of PI was 2.38 for Co, reflecting a moderate pollution level, and ranged from 1.07 to 1.72 for other trace metals, presenting slight pollution levels. The NPI of trace metals varied between 1.20 and 3.50 with an average of 2.00, indicating that trace metals presented slight pollution in 62.90% of soil samples, moderate pollution in 30.65% of soil samples, and heavy pollution in 6.45% of soil samples, respectively. Three sources of trace metals apportioned by the three receptor models were mixed nature and anthropogenic source, traffic exhaust, and industrial emissions. The contributions of them were 38.58%, 32.72%, and 28.70% from the PMF, 65.36%, 17.76%, and 16.88% through the UNMIX and 49.16%, 38.90%, and 11.94% via the PCA-MLR, respectively. Meanwhile, the study results suggested that the combined usage of multiple receptor models is a good method to apportion the source compositions and contributions of trace metals in urban soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China.
- International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-Environmental Health, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingmin Shi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Lu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-Environmental Health, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China
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22
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Bao L, Wang S, Sun H, Huang W, Wang G, Nan Z. Assessment of source and health risk of metal(loid)s in indoor/outdoor dust of university dormitory in Lanzhou City, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:32333-32344. [PMID: 31599384 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of metal(loid)s from indoor and outdoor dust is of great concern because of its impact on human health. The concentrations of nine metal(loid)s (Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Hg, and As) were investigated in indoor and outdoor dust samples of university dormitories in winter and summer seasons in Lanzhou City, China. This study revealed the variations of metal(loid) concentrations in dust samples with the seasonal scale and floor heights. The results showed that the concentrations of some metal(loid)s (Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and As) in dust samples collected in winter were higher than those of the dust samples collected in summer. The Hg in indoor dust was mainly derived from building materials and indoor human activities. Additionally, the concentrations of some metal(loid)s (Hg, Mn, As, Cu, Cd) in dust samples varied with the height of the floors from ground level. The concentrations of Hg in dust samples collected on upper floors (9-16th floors) were higher than those collected on down floors (1-8th floors), while Mn and As were the opposite of that. Cu and Cd concentrations increased as the floor height increased. Our results demonstrated that the adults and the children (particularly the children) endured potential health risks due to exposure to metal(loid)s from both indoor and outdoor dust in the studied area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Bao
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shengli Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Huiling Sun
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Guanxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhongren Nan
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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23
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Cao G, Bi J, Ma Z, Shao Z, Wang J. Seasonal Characteristics of the Chemical Composition of Fine Particles in Residences of Nanjing, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1066. [PMID: 30934562 PMCID: PMC6466138 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16061066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Indoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its chemical composition is important for human exposure as people spend most of their time indoors. However, few studies have investigated the multiseasonal characteristics of indoor PM2.5 and its chemical composition in China. In this study, the chemical composition of PM2.5 samples in residences was analyzed over four seasons in Nanjing, China. Indoor water-soluble ions exhibited similar seasonal variations (winter > autumn > summer > spring) to those from outdoors (winter > autumn > spring > summer) except in summer. Whereas, indoor metallic elements exhibited a different seasonal pattern from that of outdoors. The highest concentrations of indoor metallic elements were observed in summer when the outdoor concentrations were low. The different seasonal variations of the chemical composition between indoor and outdoor PM2.5 indicated that people should consider both indoor and outdoor sources to reduce their exposure to air pollutants in different seasons. The carcinogenic risks for metallic elements were within the acceptable levels, while manganese (Mn) was found to have potential noncarcinogenic risk to humans. More attention should be paid to the pollution of Mn in the study area in the future. Moreover, the cumulative effect of noncarcinogenic PM2.5-bound elements should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Jun Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Zongwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Zhijuan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jinnan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China.
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24
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Yang Y, Liu L, Xu C, Li N, Liu Z, Wang Q, Xu D. Source Apportionment and Influencing Factor Analysis of Residential Indoor PM 2.5 in Beijing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E686. [PMID: 29621164 PMCID: PMC5923728 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify the sources of indoor PM2.5 and to check which factors influence the concentration of indoor PM2.5 and chemical elements, indoor concentrations of PM2.5 and its related elements in residential houses in Beijing were explored. Indoor and outdoor PM2.5 samples that were monitored continuously for one week were collected. Indoor and outdoor concentrations of PM2.5 and 15 elements (Al, As, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Pb, Se, Tl, V, Zn) were calculated and compared. The median indoor concentration of PM2.5 was 57.64 μg/m³. For elements in indoor PM2.5, Cd and As may be sensitive to indoor smoking, Zn, Ca and Al may be related to indoor sources other than smoking, Pb, V and Se may mainly come from outdoor. Five factors were extracted for indoor PM2.5 by factor analysis, explained 76.8% of total variance, outdoor sources contributed more than indoor sources. Multiple linear regression analysis for indoor PM2.5, Cd and Pb was performed. Indoor PM2.5 was influenced by factors including outdoor PM2.5, smoking during sampling, outdoor temperature and time of air conditioner use. Indoor Cd was affected by factors including smoking during sampling, outdoor Cd and building age. Indoor Pb concentration was associated with factors including outdoor Pb and time of window open per day, building age and RH. In conclusion, indoor PM2.5 mainly comes from outdoor sources, and the contributions of indoor sources also cannot be ignored. Factors associated indoor and outdoor air exchange can influence the concentrations of indoor PM2.5 and its constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Yang
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Liu Liu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Chunyu Xu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Na Li
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Zhe Liu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Qin Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Dongqun Xu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China.
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25
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Liu W, Huang C, Cai J, Wang X, Zou Z, Sun C. Household environmental exposures during gestation and birth outcomes: A cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:1110-1118. [PMID: 29751416 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported that certain aspects of the household environments are associated with adverse birth outcomes, but associations have been inconsistent. Few of these studies have been conducted in China. During 2011-2012, we conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study and collected 13,335 parents-reported questionnaires for 4-6-year-olds children in Shanghai, China. We investigated associations of household environmental factors (environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), cooking fuel, dampness, pet-keeping, and home renovation) during gestation with preterm birth (PTB, gestational age<37weeks), low birth weight (LBW, birth weight<2500g), term low birth weight (T-LBW, LBW when the gestational age was ≥37weeks), and small for gestational age (SGA, birth weight<10th percentile of birth weight for gestational age). A total of 4.1% children were premature; 2.9% had LBW and 1.6% had T-LBW; 8.1% were SGA. In the multiple logistic regression analyses, home renovation during gestation was associated with PTB (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.68, 1.11-2.54) and LBW (1.64, 0.99-2.72). Paternal smoking was associated with PTB (1.18, 0.98-1.43). No significant associations were found for SGA. Neither household dampness nor cooking fuel were significantly associated with birth outcomes. For boys, paternal smoking was associated with PTB (1.31, 1.02-1.69); home renovation during gestation was associated with PTB (2.14, 1.27-3.61) and LBW (2.19, 1.09-4.43). Among children whose mothers were ≥34-year-olds during gestation, paternal smoking (1.73, 1.04-2.76) and home renovation during gestation (1.80, 1.18-2.76) was associated with PTB. Our findings demonstrate that home renovation and ETS during gestation may be risk factors for adverse birth outcomes. Associations of these factors with adverse birth outcomes appear to be stronger in boys and among mothers older than 34years during gestation. Home renovation and ETS exposure should be avoided during gestation, especially for pregnancies with male fetuses and older pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Huang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiao Cai
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Zou
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chanjuan Sun
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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26
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Men C, Liu R, Xu F, Wang Q, Guo L, Shen Z. Pollution characteristics, risk assessment, and source apportionment of heavy metals in road dust in Beijing, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 612:138-147. [PMID: 28850834 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the spatial distribution patterns, risks, and sources of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe), 36 road dust samples were collected from an urbanized area of Beijing in June 2016. The mean concentration of most metals, except As and Mn, exceeded their corresponding background values, with the mean concentration of Cd being 8 times that of its background. Spatially, for most heavy metals, except As and Mn, the high concentration areas were mainly within the 5th ring road, especially the northern area. The geo-accumulation index of Cd and Cu indicated moderate contamination at many sites. The entire study area was prone to potential ecological risks, with higher risks within the 4th ring road. Cd caused high potential ecological risk at most sites. According to the health risk assessment results, the non-carcinogenic risks that human beings suffered from heavy metals were insignificant. However, the carcinogenic risks due to Ni and Cr exceeded the acceptable level. Based on the source apportionment using positive matrix factorization, four factors were defined for the heavy metals. Factor 1, which was traffic-related exhaust, accounted for 34.47% of the concentration of heavy metals. The contributions of Factors 2 and 3 were approximately 25% each. Factor 2 was potentially related to coal combustion, while Factor 3 could be related to the manufacture and use of metal components. Factor 4, which could be related to the use of pesticides, fertilizers, and medical devices, accounted for 14.88%, which was the lowest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Men
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qingrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lijia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
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