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Ramos SJ, Gastauer M, Martins GC, Guedes RS, Caldeira CF, Souza-Filho PWM, Siqueira JO. Changes in soil properties during iron mining and in rehabilitating minelands in the Eastern Amazon. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:256. [PMID: 35257264 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09892-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Open-cast iron mining causes drastic disturbances in soil properties. Recovery of soil chemical and physical properties is essential for successful revegetation and landscape rehabilitation. To identify changes in soil properties during the mining and revegetation process, soil samples were collected from undisturbed sites represented by forest and ferriferous savannas stocking above iron outcrops, called "cangas," in open-pit benches, and in rehabilitation chronosequences of iron waste piles in the Carajás Mineral Province (CMP), Eastern Amazon, Brazil. The samples were analyzed for chemical and physical properties. Our results showed that iron mining operations resulted in significant alteration of the chemical soil properties when forest and canga vegetation are suppressed to form open-pit benches or waste piles in the CMP. Mining substrates showed lower contents of soil organic matter (SOM) and nutrients than undisturbed areas of forests and cangas. In order to achieve the success of revegetation, nutrients have been added prior to plant establishment. We have demonstrated how soil fertility changes along with mineland rehabilitation, and the variation among chronosequence was attributable mainly due to contents of SOM, K, and B in the soil. The slight improvement of SOM found in rehabilitated waste piles reinforces the notion that recovery of soil quality can be a slow process in iron minelands in the CMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio J Ramos
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, R. Boaventura da Silva, 955, Nazaré, Belém, Pará, CEP 66055-090, Brazil.
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, Pará, CEP 66077-530, Brazil.
| | - Markus Gastauer
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, R. Boaventura da Silva, 955, Nazaré, Belém, Pará, CEP 66055-090, Brazil
| | - Gabriel C Martins
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, R. Boaventura da Silva, 955, Nazaré, Belém, Pará, CEP 66055-090, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Guedes
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, R. Boaventura da Silva, 955, Nazaré, Belém, Pará, CEP 66055-090, Brazil
| | - Cecilio F Caldeira
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, R. Boaventura da Silva, 955, Nazaré, Belém, Pará, CEP 66055-090, Brazil
| | - Pedro W M Souza-Filho
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, R. Boaventura da Silva, 955, Nazaré, Belém, Pará, CEP 66055-090, Brazil
| | - José O Siqueira
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, R. Boaventura da Silva, 955, Nazaré, Belém, Pará, CEP 66055-090, Brazil
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Effects of two types of activated carbon on the properties of vegetation concrete and Cynodon dactylon growth. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14483. [PMID: 32879411 PMCID: PMC7468295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71440-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetation concrete is one of the most widely used substrates for slope ecological protection in China. However, there are still some imperfections that are disadvantageous for plant growth, such as high density, low porosity, insufficient nutrient retention ability and so on. In this paper, the effect of wood activated carbon and mineral activated carbon on the physicochemical properties of vegetation concrete is studied. The experimental results show that the activated carbon proportion in vegetation concrete is positively related to the porosity, permeability coefficient, water holding capacity, and nutrient content and retention ability, while it is negatively related to the dry density, water retention ability, cohesive force and internal friction angle. However, it should be noticed that when the proportion exceeds 2%, the average height, aboveground biomass and underground biomass of Cynodon dactylon decrease with increasing proportion of activated carbon. The effect of wood activated carbon is generally more remarkable than that of mineral activated carbon. In addition, according to the research results, the effect of activated carbon on vegetation concrete can last for at least half a year, although it does slowly deteriorate with increasing time. By comprehensive consideration of the current industry standard, previous research results and economical reasoning, the recommended type of activated carbon is wood, with a corresponding suitable proportion ranging between 1 and 2%.
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Ekinci K, Tosun İ, Kumbul BS, Şevik F, Sülük K, Bıtrak NB. Aeration requirement and energy consumption of reactor-composting of rose pomace influenced by C/N ratio. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:563. [PMID: 32757091 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08528-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As the composting industry develops rapidly in the world, the compost producers have focused on the efficiency of energy utilization in production without restricting the quality of compost in the forced ventilation systems. Therefore, this experimental study quantified the impacts of initial C/N ratio on aeration requirement and energy consumption due to aeration for reactor composting of rose pomace through kinetics of the process using fifteen 100-l composting reactors. The results of the study showed that initial C/N ratio significantly affected decomposition rate, compost maturity, and dry matter losses and organic matter losses (P < 0.05). The maximum decomposition rate (0.072 day-1) and the highest degree of progression of the composting process existed at the mixture with initial C/N ratio of 24.26. The results underlined the importance of the initial C/N of composting of rose pomace in terms of energy consumption due to aeration. In particular, more mature compost within a short time can be obtained when composting was operated with a C/N ratio of 23.7-25.8 in the expense of requiring more airflow rate, fan power, and energy consumption by aeration fan per composting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Ekinci
- Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, 32260, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - İsmail Tosun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Barbaros Salih Kumbul
- Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Fevzi Şevik
- Pilot University of Central Coordination Unit, Bingol University, 12100, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Kemal Sülük
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mus Alparslan University, 49250, Mus, Turkey
| | - Necati Berk Bıtrak
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
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Reuse of Dunite Mining Waste and Subproducts for the Stabilization of Metal(oid)s in Polluted Soils. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9080481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The circular economy seeks to minimize the use of raw materials and waste generation. In this context, here we addressed the use of dunite mining tailings and subproducts to stabilize metal(oid)s in polluted soils. We first characterized the dunite mining tailings and subproducts, and a paradigmatic polluted soil in depth to determine their chemical and mineralogical properties. Experimental trials using Brassica juncea L. were performed to evaluate the impact of the two materials on vegetation growth, edaphic properties and pollutant stabilization yields. To this end, the plants were grown over 75 days in 1 kg pots containing the polluted soil amended with the dunite materials. Notably, both amendments caused a dramatic decrease in the available Zn and a moderate reduction in available Cu, Cd and Pb. In contrast, the concentration of available As was not modified. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) was improved by treatment with the amendments, allowing an increase in the biomass harvested. The immobilization mechanism achieved was probably due to an increase in pH and CEC. In conclusion, the dunite tailings and subproducts could be effective amendments for stabilizing polluted soil. This work paves the way for additional studies with distinct types of soils and conditions.
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