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Embaby MA, Ayesh AM, Salem SH, Abdel-Rahman GN. Potential human health risk assessment associated with Hg, Cd, Pb, and As in sardines and shrimp from four Egyptian coastal governorates. Toxicol Rep 2024; 13:101710. [PMID: 39253364 PMCID: PMC11382112 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in seafood is a developing concern due to the potential negative consequences on human health. Egypt's coastal regions are important for seafood production and consumption, making it critical to assess the safety of these aquatic resources. The current study examined toxic metal levels (Hg, Pb, Cd, and AS) in 96 samples of sardine and shrimp from four Egyptian coastal governorates (Alexandria, Kafr El-Sheikh, Damietta, and Port Said) from 2019 to 2021. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to investigate the four hazardous metals. The recovery percentages of the determined metals ranged between 97 % and 99 %. Limits of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for the determined metals ranged from 0.001 to 0.0077 mg/l and from 0.0035 to 0.026 mg/l, respectively. Mercury (Hg) was not found in any of the samples tested. The concentrations of Pb and Cd in the sardines and shrimp samples were higher in the winter seasons than in the summer seasons. Meanwhile, the difference in seasons had no effect on the concentration of As in the sardines and shrimp samples. The highest concentrations of the other three metals in the sardine and shrimp samples were used to calculate the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), and Hazard Index (HI). The obtained THQ as well as the HI of Pb, Cd, and As were all less than 1.0 (with the exception of sardine samples from Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, which recorded 1.262), indicating that there is no significant health risk to the consumer from consuming such sardines and shrimp from these governorates. The effect of different seasons on the concentrations of the metals under study does not have a specific behavior, but varies according to the governorate, the type of sample, and the type of contaminated metal. Due to the high level of contamination with heavy metals in sardine samples collected from Kafr El-Sheikh governorate (TTHQ = 1.26), an environmental study is required to determine the causes of contamination and control them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Embaby
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Ayesh
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Salah H Salem
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Gomaa N Abdel-Rahman
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Gogoi BB, Yeasin M, Paul RK, Borgohain A, Deka D, Malakar H, Saikia J, Rahman FH, Panja S, Sarkar A, Maiti CS, Bordoloi J, Karak T. The Level of Selected Metals in Made Tea and Tea Infusion from the Roadside Tea Plants and Health Risk Assessment. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2900-2920. [PMID: 37755587 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of human activities are becoming clearer every year, with multiple reports of struggling and eroded ecosystems resulting in new threats of plant and animal extinctions throughout the world. It has been speculated that roadside tea-growing soils impact on metal dynamics from soil to tea plants and subsequently to tea infusion which may be threatened by increasingly unpredictable and dangerous surroundings. Furthermore, heavy metals released from vehicles on the national highway (NH) could be a source of metal contamination in roadside tea soils and tea plants. This study was articulated to realize the effect of NH on a buildup of selected metals (Cu, Cd, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn) in made tea along with repeated tea infusion. In general, metal concentration was found significantly higher in made tea prepared from the young shoots collected from the vicinity of NH. The results also showed that distance from the NH and infusion process significantly influenced to content of the analysed metal in tea infusions. The mean average daily intake (ADI) and hazard quotient (HQ) values of analysed tea samples were found in the orderMn˃Fe˃Zn˃Cu˃Ni˃Cd and Mn˃Cu˃Zn˃Fe˃Ni˃Cd, respectively. The HQ values of all analysed metals were found << 1, indicating that ingestion of tea infusion with analysed heavy metals should not cause a danger to human health. However, this study further demonstrates the consumption of tea infusion prepared from made tea around the vicinity of NH may contribute to a significantly higher quantity of metal intake in the human body. From the hierarchical cluster analysis, it has been observed that there are three homogenous groups of analysed heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidyot Bikash Gogoi
- Tea Research Association, Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Dikom-786101, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
- Department of Chemistry, D.H.S.K. College, 786001, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
- Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, 786001, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Md Yeasin
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Paul
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Arup Borgohain
- Tea Research Association, Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Dikom-786101, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
- Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, 786001, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Diganta Deka
- Tea Research Association, North Bank Advisory Centre, Thakurbari, 784 503, Assam, India
| | - Harisadhan Malakar
- Tea Research Association, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Cinnamara-785008, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Jiban Saikia
- Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, 786001, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Feroze Hasan Rahman
- ICAR-NBSS&LUP, Regional Center Kolkata, Block DK, Sector II, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091, India
| | - Saumik Panja
- University of California, San Francisco 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Animesh Sarkar
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus-797106, Medziphema, Nagaland, India
| | - C S Maiti
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus-797106, Medziphema, Nagaland, India
| | - Jurisandhya Bordoloi
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus-797106, Medziphema, Nagaland, India
| | - Tanmoy Karak
- Tea Research Association, Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Dikom-786101, Dibrugarh, Assam, India.
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus-797106, Medziphema, Nagaland, India.
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Tajdar-Oranj B, Javanmardi F, Parastouei K, Taghdir M, Fathi M, Abbaszadeh S. Health Risk Assessment of Lead, Cadmium, and Arsenic in Leafy Vegetables in Tehran, Iran: the Concentration Data Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:800-810. [PMID: 37227612 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Absorption of heavy and toxic metals causes their accumulation in the edible parts of vegetables. Pollutants such as heavy metals have directly affected the health of society and contributed to emerging diseases in recent years. The current study aimed to detect heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As) in highly consumed leafy vegetables provided from the Tehran market. Four types of vegetables, including dill, parsley, cress, and coriander were selected and 64 samples were randomly collected from fruit and vegetable markets in different regions of Tehran in August and September 2022. Then, samples were analyzed by the ICP-OES system, and health risk assessment was conducted using non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic approach. The range of Pb concentration was 54-314, < LOQ-289, < LOQ-230, and < LOQ-183 μg/kg for dill, cress, parsley, and coriander, respectively. The high mean concentrations of Pb belong to the dill (161.43 ± 77.3 μg/kg) and cress (154.75 ± 72.9 μg/kg). In some samples of dill (37.5% of samples), cress (18.75% of samples), and parsley (12.5% of samples), the Pb content was above the national allowable limit (200 μg/kg). The range of Cd concentration was < LOQ-42, < LOQ-41, < LOQ-30, and < LOQ-38 μg/kg for dill, cress, parsley, and coriander, respectively. In none of the samples, the concentration of Cd was higher than the Iranian national limit (50 μg/kg). The As occurrence was observed in all cress samples with a mean of 165.19 ± 64.83 μg/kg. The range of As concentration was < LOQ-71, < LOQ-256, 58-273, and < LOQ-75 μg/kg for parsley, dill, cress, and coriander, respectively. The THQ and HI values were higher than 1, and either ILCR value was higher than 10-4 for all tested heavy metals, it can be concluded that higher levels of heavy metals than the standard limits in some samples may raise the warning alarm and should come to the attention of the authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Tajdar-Oranj
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Javanmardi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Parastouei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Taghdir
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Fathi
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Abbaszadeh
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Taghizadeh SF, Ahmadpourmir H, Hayes AW, Rezaee R, Karimi G. Probabilistic risk assessment of exposure to multiple mycotoxins in consumers of packaged and unpackaged spices in Iran. Toxicon 2023:107222. [PMID: 37442300 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The current study assessed the risk posed to Iranian consumers by oral exposure to a mixture of ten mycotoxins in 138 packaged and unpackaged spices collected from the Iran market. Concentrations of mycotoxins in samples were quantified by liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry with triple quadrupole, and ion trap. Probabilistic health risks of oral exposure to these mycotoxins for Iranians were assessed under percent tolerable daily intake (TDI) and cancer risk scenarios. Mean concentrations of mycotoxins in both packaged and unpackaged spice samples showed statistically significant variation among different spice samples. Based on a Monte Carlo simulation model, at the 50th, 80th, and 95th centiles, oral consumption of the analyzed samples poses no carcinogenic risk for exposure to aflatoxin. Moreover, in both packaged and unpackaged samples, while the percent TDIs for ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, patulin, fumonisin B1, and fumonisin B2 were below 1.0 at the 50th, 80th, and 95th centiles, the value was above 1.0 for aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, and aflatoxin G2 at each of these centiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Faezeh Taghizadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahmadpourmir
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, FL, USA; Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Taghizadeh SF, Azizi M, Hassanpourfard G, Rezaee R, Karimi G. Assessment of Carcinogenic and Non-carcinogenic Risk of Exposure to Metals via Consumption of Coffee, Tea, and Herbal Tea in Iranians. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1520-1537. [PMID: 35462590 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we assessed health risk posed to Iranian consumers through exposure to metals via oral consumption of coffee, tea, and herbal tea of various trademarks collected from Iran market. Level of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, and Pb in 243 samples was quantified by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The metal levels in coffee samples from different trademarks of a specific country had statistically similar levels of metals; however, metal levels differed significantly among brand names form different countries. Metal levels in tea samples differed significantly between domestic and imported products, while different trademarks of similar countries did not show significant variations in this respect. Metal level in herbal tea samples did not show significant variations among different trademarks. Nevertheless, it should be highlighted that mean concentrations of metals statistically differed among different herbal tea samples. Deterministic hazard quotients (HQs) were <1.0 for all non-carcinogenic metals and total hazard index (HI) values indicated no risk; however, probabilistic assessment calculated HI values >1. In both deterministic and probabilistic scenarios, carcinogenic metals As and Ni had an estimated incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) of medium level while that of Pb indicated no cancer risk. Sensitivity analysis showed that the concentration of metals had the most significant effect on non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Faezeh Taghizadeh
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Azizi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Giti Hassanpourfard
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box, Mashhad, 1365-91775, Iran.
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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6
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Monitoring of pesticide and some metal residues in Mazafati date fruit cultivar and risk assessment to the health. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Probabilistic risk assessment of exposure to multiple metals and pesticides through consumption of fruit juice samples collected from Iranian market. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 170:113493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Schiff Base Chemosensor for Determination of Cr(III) Ions. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:1889-1898. [PMID: 35749029 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-02990-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of a highly sensitive, selective, and efficient sensor for the determination and detection of Cr(III) ions remains a great challenge. Recently, some fluorescent chemosensors have been developed for the recognition of Cr(III) ions. But, the main drawbacks of the reported fluorescent chemosensors are the lack of selectivity and interference of anions and other trivalent cations. Herein, we designed and synthesized a novel thiazole-based fluorescent and colorimetric Schiff base chemosensor SB2 for the detection of Cr(III) ion by chemodosimetric approach. Using different analytical techniques including UV-vis, 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, and FT-IR analysis the chemosensor SB2 was structurally characterized. The fully characterized chemosensor SB2 was used for the spectrofluorimetric and colorimetric detection of Cr(III) ions. Interestingly, chemosensor SB2 upon interaction with various metal cations including Ni2+, Na+, Cd2+, Ag+, Mn2+, K+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Co2+, Pb2+, Mg2+, Sn2+, Al3+ and Cr3+ displays highly selective and sensitive fluorescent (turn-on) and colorimetric (yellow to colorless) response toward Cr(III) ions. The fluorescence and UV-vis techniques confirmed the selective hydrolysis of azomethine group (-C = N-) of Schiff base chemosensor SB2 by Cr(III) ions. As a result, the fluorescence enhancement was observed that is corresponding to 2-hydroxy-1-nepthaldehyde (fluorophore). The chemosensor SB2 exhibits high interference performance towards Cr(III) ions over other metal cations in a wide pH range. Mover, the quite low detection limit was calculated to be 0.027 µg ml-1 (0.5 µM) (3σ/slop), lower than the maximum tolerable limits of Cr(III ions (10 µM) in drinking water permitted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). These results show that chemosensor SB2 has great potential to detect selectively Cr(III) ions in the agricultural, environmental and biological analysis system.
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Zuo E, Aysa A, Muhammat M, Zhao Y, Chen B, Ubul K. A food safety prescreening method with domain-specific information using online reviews. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-022-01367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Bielecka J, Puścion-Jakubik A, Markiewicz-Żukowska R, Soroczyńska J, Nowakowski P, Grabia M, Mielcarek K, Przebierowska K, Kotowska K, Socha K. Assessment of the Safe Consumption of Nuts in Terms of the Content of Toxic Elements with Chemometric Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:3606. [PMID: 34684607 PMCID: PMC8539909 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuts are characterized by high nutritional value and are recommended as a part of a healthy diet. At the same time, toxic elements could also be found in them. In this research, we measured the content of As, Cd, Pb and Hg in a wide variety of edible nuts. To determine the As content, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied. Cd and Pb were detected by the electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry analytical technique (ETAAS) with Zeeman background correction, while atomic absorption spectrometry method (AAS) with the amalgamation technique in the case of Hg was used. The study material consisted of 120 samples without replications (10 for each subgroup) including the following nuts: Almonds, Brazil nuts, cashew nuts, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, peanuts, pecan nuts, pine nuts, pistachios and walnuts. Indicators such as the target hazard quotient (THQ), cancer risk (CR) and hazard index (HI) were used to assess the health risk. The highest median As, Cd, Pb and Hg contents were observed for pistachios (192.42 µg/kg), pine nuts (238.40 µg/kg), peanuts (82.06 µg/kg) and pecans (82.06 µg/kg), respectively. The exceedance of the established limits was found in the case of Pb for nine samples: macadamia nuts (221.49 µg/kg; 2350.94 µg/kg; 2581.43 µg/kg), pine nuts (266.33 µg/kg), peanuts (1353.80 µg/kg) and pecans (2689.13 µg/kg, 2758.26 µg/kg, 2992.29 µg/kg and 3169.41 µg/kg). Extremely high (>2500 µg/kg) Pb content was found in 33% of studied pecans imported from the USA. The health risk indicators did not identify increased health risk. This research is significant considering the food safety issues and indicates the need to regularly control the content of toxic elements in food, as well as to establish the specific limits for heavy metals content in nuts. The chemometric analysis included cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). Cluster analysis made it possible to distinguish four subgroups on the basis of the ability to accumulate toxic elements: pine nuts, pecans, pistachios and other analysed nuts. PCA indicated primarily factor 1, distinguishing mainly pecans, macadamia nuts and peanuts. Chemometric analysis can be a useful tool in estimating the ability of different nut species to accumulate contaminants.
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Taghizadeh SF, Azizi M, Rezaee R, Giesy JP, Karimi G. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, and metals in olive: analysis and probabilistic risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:39723-39741. [PMID: 33759105 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, levels of 22 pesticides, eight metals, and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 1800 Iranian olive samples (20 cultivars from six different cultivation zones), were determined; then, health risk posed by oral consumption of the olive samples to Iranian consumers was assessed. Quantification of PAHs and pesticides was done by chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and metal levels were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). There were no significant differences among the cultivars and zones in terms of the levels of the tested compounds. Target hazard quotients (THQ) were <1.0 for all pesticides, and total hazard indices (HI) indicated di minimis risk. At the 25th or 95th centiles, Incremental Life Time Cancer Risks (ILCRs) for carcinogenic elements, arsenic, and lead and noncarcinogenic metals did not exhibit a significant hazard (HI <1.0 for both cases). At the 25th or 95th centiles, ILCR and margins of exposure (MoE) for PAHs indicated di minimis risk. Sensitivity analysis showed that concentrations of contaminants had the most significant effect on carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Faezeh Taghizadeh
- Department of Horticultural Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box, 1365-91775, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Azizi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box, 1365-91775, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Taghizadeh SF, Rezaee R, Azizi M, Hayes AW, Giesy JP, Karimi G. Pesticides, metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in date fruits: A probabilistic assessment of risk to health of Iranian consumers. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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M M, A N, Rajarathinam X, S R. Assessment of Pb, Cd, As and Hg concentration in edible parts of broiler in major metropolitan cities of Tamil Nadu, India. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:668-675. [PMID: 33868953 PMCID: PMC8041653 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of heavy metals contamination in meat and meat products is of great concern for both food safety and from human health point of view. The present study was carried out to assess the heavy metal residues such as Pb, Cd, As and Hg in broiler chicken meat, neck and edible organs (liver and kidney). In the present study, 150 samples were randomly collected from major cities (Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Trichy, and Salem) of Tamil Nadu state, India and analyzed for Pb, Cd, As and Hg residues (mg/kg) using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique. The results revealed that lead (Pb) concentration was higher in meat and liver samples of all cities and the highest concentration was detected in Chennai followed by Coimbatore, whereas in kidney and neck samples, Chennai metropolitan alone exceeded the MRL value of 0.5 and 0.1 mg/kg respectively. The residues of cadmium and mercury in meat and meat samples were within the permissible limit in all the metropolitans. Arsenic was found exceeding the MRL of 0.1 mg/kg in the breast samples of all the metropolitans (0.2141-2.2285 mg/kg, the highest being in Trichy), except for Madurai, which recorded very low value (0.0239 mg/kg). Arsenic was found in the range of 0.1110-1.0850 mg/kg in liver samples thus exceeding MRL value. Neck and kidney samples did not contain any Arsenic. Thus it can be concluded that the lead concentration in meat and edible organ samples collected from all the metropolitans exceeded the MRL values and is an indication of contamination. Appropriate precautions are warranted to minimize the heavy metal consumption contamination especially of Pb and As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathaiyan M
- Department of Chemistry, Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Natarajan A
- Animal Feed Analytical and Quality Assurance Laboratory, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Namakkal, India
| | | | - Rajeshkumar S
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
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