1
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Wen X, Cao F, Yang C, Gao Z, Tian H, Zhao X, Guo L, Ma S, Dong D. Simple and sensitive determination of Cr (III), Cu (II) and Pb (II) in tea infusions using AgNPs-modified resin combined with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Food Chem 2024; 448:139210. [PMID: 38569408 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The detection of heavy metals in tea infusions is important because of the potential health risks associated with their consumption. Existing highly sensitive detection methods pose challenges because they are complicated and time-consuming. In this study, we developed an innovative and simple method using Ag nanoparticles-modified resin (AgNPs-MR) for pre-enrichment prior to laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for the simultaneous analysis of Cr (III), Cu (II), and Pb (II) in tea infusions. Signal enhancement using AgNPs-MR resulted in amplification with limits of detection of 0.22 μg L-1 for Cr (III), 0.33 μg L-1 for Cu (II), and 1.25 μg L-1 for Pb (II). Quantitative analyses of these ions in infusions of black tea from various brands yielded recoveries ranging from 83.3% to 114.5%. This method is effective as a direct and highly sensitive technique for precisely quantifying trace concentrations of heavy metals in tea infusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Wen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Fengjing Cao
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Sensors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Chongshan Yang
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Sensors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Sensors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Hongwu Tian
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Sensors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xiande Zhao
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Sensors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Lianbo Guo
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Shixiang Ma
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Sensors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Daming Dong
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Sensors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China
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Yue Z, Liu X, Mei T, Zhang Y, Pi F, Dai H, Zhou Y, Wang J. Reducing microplastics in tea infusions released from filter bags by pre-washing method: Quantitative evidences based on Raman imaging and Py-GC/MS. Food Chem 2024; 445:138740. [PMID: 38359569 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics released from plastic-based filter bags during tea brewing have attracted widespread attention. Laser confocal micro-Raman and direct classical least squares were used to identify and estimate micron-sized microplastics. Characteristic peaks from pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, and nylon 6 were selected to construct curves for quantification submicron-sized microplastics. The results showed that microplastics released from tea bags in the tea infusions ranged from 80 to 1288 pieces (micron-sized) and 0 to 63.755 μg (submicron-sized) per filter bag. Nylon 6 woven tea bags released far fewer microplastics than nonwoven filter bags. In particular, a simple strategy of three pre-washes with room temperature water significantly reduced microplastic residues with removal rates of 76 %-94 % (micron-sized) and 80 %-87 % (submicron-sized), respectively. The developed assay can be used for the quantitative evaluation of microplastics in tea infusions, and the pre-washing reduced the risk of human exposure to microplastics during tea consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, China
| | - Tingna Mei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, China
| | - Fuwei Pi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huang Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jiahua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, China.
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3
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Gogoi BB, Yeasin M, Paul RK, Borgohain A, Deka D, Malakar H, Saikia J, Rahman FH, Panja S, Sarkar A, Maiti CS, Bordoloi J, Karak T. The Level of Selected Metals in Made Tea and Tea Infusion from the Roadside Tea Plants and Health Risk Assessment. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2900-2920. [PMID: 37755587 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of human activities are becoming clearer every year, with multiple reports of struggling and eroded ecosystems resulting in new threats of plant and animal extinctions throughout the world. It has been speculated that roadside tea-growing soils impact on metal dynamics from soil to tea plants and subsequently to tea infusion which may be threatened by increasingly unpredictable and dangerous surroundings. Furthermore, heavy metals released from vehicles on the national highway (NH) could be a source of metal contamination in roadside tea soils and tea plants. This study was articulated to realize the effect of NH on a buildup of selected metals (Cu, Cd, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn) in made tea along with repeated tea infusion. In general, metal concentration was found significantly higher in made tea prepared from the young shoots collected from the vicinity of NH. The results also showed that distance from the NH and infusion process significantly influenced to content of the analysed metal in tea infusions. The mean average daily intake (ADI) and hazard quotient (HQ) values of analysed tea samples were found in the orderMn˃Fe˃Zn˃Cu˃Ni˃Cd and Mn˃Cu˃Zn˃Fe˃Ni˃Cd, respectively. The HQ values of all analysed metals were found << 1, indicating that ingestion of tea infusion with analysed heavy metals should not cause a danger to human health. However, this study further demonstrates the consumption of tea infusion prepared from made tea around the vicinity of NH may contribute to a significantly higher quantity of metal intake in the human body. From the hierarchical cluster analysis, it has been observed that there are three homogenous groups of analysed heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidyot Bikash Gogoi
- Tea Research Association, Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Dikom-786101, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
- Department of Chemistry, D.H.S.K. College, 786001, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
- Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, 786001, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Md Yeasin
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Paul
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Arup Borgohain
- Tea Research Association, Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Dikom-786101, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
- Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, 786001, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Diganta Deka
- Tea Research Association, North Bank Advisory Centre, Thakurbari, 784 503, Assam, India
| | - Harisadhan Malakar
- Tea Research Association, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Cinnamara-785008, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Jiban Saikia
- Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, 786001, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Feroze Hasan Rahman
- ICAR-NBSS&LUP, Regional Center Kolkata, Block DK, Sector II, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091, India
| | - Saumik Panja
- University of California, San Francisco 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Animesh Sarkar
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus-797106, Medziphema, Nagaland, India
| | - C S Maiti
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus-797106, Medziphema, Nagaland, India
| | - Jurisandhya Bordoloi
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus-797106, Medziphema, Nagaland, India
| | - Tanmoy Karak
- Tea Research Association, Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Dikom-786101, Dibrugarh, Assam, India.
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus-797106, Medziphema, Nagaland, India.
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Ahmed M, Ahmad M, Khan MA, Sohail A, Sanaullah M, Ahmad W, Iqbal DN, Khalid K, Wani TA, Zargar S. Assessment of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of exposure to potentially toxic elements in tea infusions: Determination by ICP-OES and multivariate statistical data analysis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 84:127454. [PMID: 38669815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The perennial evergreen tea (Camellia sinensis) plant is one of the most popular nonalcoholic drinks in the world. Fertilizers and industrial, agricultural, and municipal activities are the usual drivers of soil contamination, contaminating tea plants with potentially toxic elements (PTEs). These elements might potentially accumulate to larger amounts in the leaves of plants after being taken up from the soil. Thus, frequent monitoring of these elements is critically important. METHODS The present study intended to determine PTEs (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in both tea leaves and infusions using ICP-OES. Various multivariate data analysis methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were employed to elucidate the potential sources of PTEs contamination, whether from anthropogenic activities or natural origins. Additionally, Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC) was calculated to assess the relationships between the variables under study. RESULTS The mean contents (mg/L) of all studied elements in tea infusions decreased in order Mn (150.59 ± 1.66) > Fe (11.39 ± 0.99) > Zn (6.62 ± 0.89) > Cu (5.86 ± 0.62) > Co (3.25 ± 0.64) > Ni (1.69 ± 0.23) > Pb (1.08 ± 0.16) > Cr (0.57 ± 0.09) > Cd (0.46 ± 0.09) > Al (0.05 ± 0.008), indicating that Mn exhibits the highest abundance. The mean concentration trend in tea leaf samples mirrored that of infusions, albeit with higher concentrations of PTEs in the former. The tolerable dietary intake (TDI) value for Ni and provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI) value for Cd surpassed the standards set by the WHO and EFSA. Calculated hazard index (HI < 1) and cumulative cancer risk (CCR) values suggest negligible exposure risk. CONCLUSION Elevated levels of PTEs in commonly consumed tea products concern the public and regulatory agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayyan Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Sohail
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mudassar Sanaullah
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, College Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Dure Najaf Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khuram Khalid
- Faculty of Applied Science and Technology، Sheridan College, 7899 McLaughlin Road Brampton, Ontario L6Y 5H9, Canada
| | - Tanveer A Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 222452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Grundmann O, Hill K, Al Barzanji E, Hazrat NG, Kaur G, Negeve RE, Shade S, Weber S, Veltri CA. Correlations of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) tea bag preparations and reported pharmacological effects. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 317:116779. [PMID: 37364801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The use of herbal tea infusions is widespread in ethnomedicine throughout the world. One such ethnobotanical is kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth., Rubiaceae) which has gained considerable interest as an herbal supplement in recent years in the West beyond its native Southeast Asia. Traditional, kratom leaves are either chewed fresh or made into a tea infusion to treat fatigue, pain, or diarrhea. However, dried kratom leaf powder and hydroalcoholic extracts are more commonly used in Western countries, raising the question of exposure to kratom alkaloids and related effects. AIM OF THE STUDY A specific kratom tea bag product was analyzed for mitragynine content using tea infusion preparation and methanolic extraction. Consumers of both the tea bag product and other kratom products completed an online anonymous survey to determine demographics, kratom use patterns, and self-reported beneficial and detrimental effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Kratom tea bag samples were extracted using pH-adjusted water or methanol and analyzed using an established LC-QTOF method. A modified kratom survey was distributed to consumers of the kratom tea bag products and other kratom products over a 14-month period. RESULTS Tea infusion extraction of tea bag samples resulted in lower mitragynine levels (0.062-0.131% (w/w)) compared to methanolic extraction (0.485-0.616% (w/w)). Kratom tea bag consumers did report similar, although often milder beneficial effects compared to consumers using other kratom products. Overall self-reported health was better among kratom tea bag consumers whereas improvement of a diagnosed medical condition was less in tea bag consumers compared to those using other kratom products. CONCLUSIONS Traditional tea infusions of Mitragyna speciosa dried leaves provide benefits to consumers despite substantially lower mitragynine content. These effects may be less pronounced but indicate that tea infusions provide a potentially safer formulation compared to more concentrated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Grundmann
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA.
| | - Katherine Hill
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Everest Al Barzanji
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
| | - Nilofar Ghulam Hazrat
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
| | - Gurnoor Kaur
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
| | - Ryan Einstein Negeve
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
| | | | - Sam Weber
- Top Tree Herbs, Denver, CO, 80222, USA
| | - Charles A Veltri
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
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Zhao H, Wang Z, Zhang C, Di S, Qi P, Wang Z, Liu Z, Xu H, Wang J, Wang X. Phenolic-based non-ionic deep eutectic solvent for rapid determination of water soluble neonicotinoid insecticides in tea infusion. Food Chem 2023; 416:135737. [PMID: 36881960 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Challenges were raised to established analytical method for monitoring water soluble neonicotinoid insecticide (NEOs) residues in tea infusion. Phenolic-based non-ionic deep eutectic solvent (NIDES) composed by a mixture of DL-menthol and thymol (molar ratio of 1:3) was applied to achieve the determination of selected NEOs. Factors influenced extraction efficiency have been evaluated and molecular dynamics approach was conducted aming to provide a new insight to explain its extraction mechanism. It is found that Boltzmann averaged solvation energy of NEOs was negatively correlated with extraction efficiency. The method validation results indicated good linearities (R2 ≥ 0.99), sensitive LOQs (0.05 μg L-1), high precisions (RSD < 11%) and satisfactory recoveries (57.7%∼98%) at 0.05 μg L-1 ∼ 100 μg L-1. The intake risk of NEOs in tea infusion samples were acceptable which residues in range of 0.1 μg L-1 ∼ 3.5 μg L-1 for thiamethoxam imidacloprid and thiacloprid. This method showed advantages of rapid, green, and easy operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Ze Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210000, China.
| | - Shanshan Di
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Peipei Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/ Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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7
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Zhu J, Yu J, Zhang B, Li C, Wang J, Ji J, Liu D, Gao R, Li J, Ma Y. Hydrophobic-action-driven removal of six organophosphorus pesticides from tea infusion by modified carbonized bacterial cellulose. Food Chem 2023; 412:135546. [PMID: 36716625 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The abuse of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in tea planting makes it easy to transfer from tea into its infusion, bringing potential health risks to consumers. Thus, it is essential to adopt reliable techniques to remove OPPs from tea infusion. In this study, three treatment methods were used to modify carbonized bacterial cellulose (CBC) to improve its adsorption performance. Among them, CBC treated by hydrazine hydrate (N-CBC) had the best adsorption effect, whose removal rate for dicrotophos is 13 times that of CBC. The in-depth study of adsorption mechanism proved that hydrophobic interaction dominated the adsorption of OPPs onto N-CBC. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model were more suitable to describe the process. Additionally, there were no significant changes in tea infusion quality after N-CBC treatment. This work clarifies that N-CBC benefitted from simple preparation method, excellent adsorption performance and unique adsorption mechanism has potential applications in tea infusion.
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8
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Zhuang Z, Mi Z, Kong L, Wang Q, Schweiger AH, Wan Y, Li H. Accumulation of potentially toxic elements in Chinese tea (Camellia sinensis): Towards source apportionment and health risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 2022; 851:158018. [PMID: 35987241 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a popular beverage that is consumed globally. However, a better understanding of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) content in tea leaves and infusion is necessary to minimize risk on human health. Therefore, 249 tea samples (grown in different areas) covering six types of tea were collected in China to investigate the PTEs contents, identify their potential source and assess the health risk associated with drinking tea. PTE contents in tea leaves across six tea types were ND-0.900 (Cd), 0.005-2.133 (As), ND-5.679 (Pb), ND-13.86 (Cr), 1.601-22.93 (Ni), ND-2.048 (Se), 0.109-622.4 (F), 13.02-269.9 (Rb), 1.845-50.88 (Sr), and 2.796-53.23 (Ba) mg/kg. The result of tea infusion showed that 14.3 %-44.1 % (green tea), 14.5 %-46.7 % (black tea), 10.5 %-25.3 % (dark tea), 13.6 %-34.2 % (oolong tea), 16.9 %-40.7 % (yellow tea), and 19.9 %-35.1 % (white tea) of F were released. All tea types, except green tea, exhibited comparatively low leachability of Cd, As, Pb and Cr in tea infusion. The source apportionment revealed that PTEs in tea leaves mainly originated from soil parental materials, while industrial activities, fertilizer application, and manufacturing processes may contribute to exogenous Se, Cd, As, and Cr accumulation. Health risk assessment indicated that F in tea infusion dominated the health risk. Humans may be exposed to a higher health risk by drinking green tea compared to that of other tea types. Nevertheless, the long-term tea consumption is less likely to contribute to pronounced non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. This study confirmed that tea consumption is an important and direct pathway of PTEs uptake in humans. The health risk associated with drinking tea should be of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhuang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zidong Mi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxuan Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Andreas H Schweiger
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yanan Wan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huafen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Elebiyo TC, Olori OO, Rotimi DE, Al-Megrin WAI, De Waard M, Alkhuriji AF, Batiha GES, Adeyanju AA, Adeyemi OS. Chemical fingerprinting, comparative in vitro antioxidant properties, and biochemical effects of ginger and bitterleaf infusion. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113788. [PMID: 36271566 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Botanicals with remarkable pharmacological properties include Zingiber officinale Roscoe [Zingiberaceae] (ginger) and Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delie) Sch. Bip [Asteraceae] (bitterleaf). The plants are frequently used as teas and decoctions, and have been studied in the treatment of various illnesses. Thus, this study investigated the in vitro antioxidant activities and chemical fingerprints of ginger and bitter leaf infusions separately and as a combination. In addition, we assessed the effects of the tea infusions on rat liver and kidney indices. The findings from this study showed that the bitterleaf infusion had the highest phenolic content (21.77 ± 3.140 µg gallic acid equivalent/mg) in comparison with that of ginger (15.17 ± 1.50 µg gallic acid equivalent/mg) and their combination (8.81 ± 0.48 µg gallic acid equivalent/mg). The ginger infusion had the highest flavonoid content (547.15 ± 1.17 µg quercetin equivalent/mg), which was preceded by bitterleaf (473.02 ± 10.48 µg quercetin equivalent/mg) and the ginger and bitterleaf infusion (415.08 ± 4.15 µg quercetin equivalent/mg). Furthermore, our results showed that the tea infusions had no significant effect on the liver function indices (ALT and AST) compared to the control. In contrast, the rat plasma urea significantly increased in the groups given bitterleaf and a combination of ginger and bitterleaf infusions, while creatinine significantly decreased in the group that received the combined form of the infusion. The GC-MS analysis of ginger and bitterleaf infusions revealed that n-hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid, and ergosterol were most abundant in the bitterleaf infusion. At the same time, gingerol, 2-butanone, and 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) were the most abundant in the ginger infusion. Together, the findings are not only evidence in support of the medicinal value of these plants but also reinforce their prospects as nutriceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobiloba Christiana Elebiyo
- SDG 03 Group - Good Health & Well-being, Landmark University, Omu-Aran 251101, Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Medicinal Biochemistry, Nanomedicine & Toxicology Laboratory, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran 251101, Nigeria
| | - Oghenemaero Oghale Olori
- SDG 03 Group - Good Health & Well-being, Landmark University, Omu-Aran 251101, Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Medicinal Biochemistry, Nanomedicine & Toxicology Laboratory, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran 251101, Nigeria
| | - Damilare Emmanuel Rotimi
- SDG 03 Group - Good Health & Well-being, Landmark University, Omu-Aran 251101, Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Medicinal Biochemistry, Nanomedicine & Toxicology Laboratory, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran 251101, Nigeria
| | - Wafa Abdullah I Al-Megrin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Michel De Waard
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'Institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France; LabEx Ion Channels, Science and Therapeutics, Valbonne, France; Martox Biotechnology, 6 rue des Platanes, 38120 Saint-Egrève, France.
| | - Afrah Fahd Alkhuriji
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt.
| | - Adebukola Anne Adeyanju
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, KolaDaisi University, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi
- SDG 03 Group - Good Health & Well-being, Landmark University, Omu-Aran 251101, Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Medicinal Biochemistry, Nanomedicine & Toxicology Laboratory, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran 251101, Nigeria; Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan.
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10
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Wang Q, Wang D, Li Z, Wang Y, Yang Y, Liu M, Li D, Sun G, Zeng B. Concentrations, leachability, and health risks of mercury in green tea from major production areas in China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 232:113279. [PMID: 35121251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Green tea has many health benefits and is the most consumed type in China. However, the heavy metals and contaminants in tea can also pose a great risk to human health. In this study, mercury (Hg) concentration in green tea collected from 11 provinces in China was examined. The leaching characteristics of Hg during brewing and the associated exposure to drinkers were also evaluated. Results indicated a low potential of Hg accumulation in green tea. The Hg content of green tea from Wanshan District, Guizhou Province-which has the largest Hg mine in China and is severely contaminated by Hg-could be limited by controlling the harvest time of tea leaves. The average Hg content of green tea from 43 tea production sites in China was only 6.3 ± 6.4 µg/kg dry weight. The brewing experiments of green tea showed that the leaching ratio of Hg was 22.61 ± 7.58% for 40 min of a single brew, and increased to 32.83 ± 12.37% after four rounds (3 min/ round) of brewing. The leaching of Hg from tea leaves was significantly affected by leaching time, temperature, and solid-liquid ratio but not by water hardness. The risk of Hg exposure from green tea intake was found to be very low, with an average hazard quotient (HQ) value of only 1.82 ± 1.85% for a single brew in 40 min and 2.64 ± 2.68% after four rounds of brewing. However, in some highly contaminated areas, with HQ values as high as 43.12 ± 2.41%, green tea intake may still pose a high risk of Hg exposure, and this risk should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Wang
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China.
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Zhonggen Li
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Yuyu Wang
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Mengxun Liu
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Dadong Li
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Guangyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China.
| | - Boping Zeng
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China
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11
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Chandrajith R, Bhagya S, Diyabalanage S, Wimalasiri S, Ranatunga MAB, Barth JAC. Exposure Assessment of Fluoride Intake Through Commercially Available Black Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) from Areas with High Incidences of Chronic Kidney Disease with Undetermined Origin (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:526-534. [PMID: 33821417 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride is a beneficial trace element for human health as its deficiency and excess levels can cause detrimental health effects. In Sri Lanka, dry zone regions can have excessive levels of fluoride in drinking water and can cause dental and skeletal fluorosis. In addition to drinking water, traditional habits of tea consumption can cause an additional intake of fluoride in the population. A total number of 39 locally blended black tea samples were collected from a village where chronic kidney disease with undetermined origin (CKDu) is prevalent. In addition, unblended tea samples were obtained from tea-producing factories. The fluoride contents in infusions of 2% weight per volume (w/v) were measured using calibrated ion-selective fluoride electrodes. The mean fluoride content was 2.68±1.03 mg/L in loose tea, 1.87±0.57mg/L in packed tea samples, and 1.14±0.55 mg/L in unblended tea. Repeated brewing of the same tea leaves showed that over 50% of fluoride leached into the solution in the first infusion. An estimate of the daily total average fluoride intake via tea consumption per person is 2.68 mg per day. With groundwater in many dry zone regions in Sri Lanka showing high fluoride levels that exceed 0.5 mg/L, the additional daily intake can rapidly exceed recommended thresholds of 2 mg/day. This can add to adverse health impacts that might also relate to CKDu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohana Chandrajith
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
| | - Sachini Bhagya
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Saranga Diyabalanage
- Instrument Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Swarna Wimalasiri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Mahasen A B Ranatunga
- Plant Breeding Division, Tea Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Talawakelle, Sri Lanka
| | - Johannes A C Barth
- Department of Geography and Geosciences, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Schlossgarten 5, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Zhou P, Zhang W, Wang X. Development of a syringe membrane-based microextraction method based on metal-organic framework mixed-matrix membranes for preconcentration/extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tea infusion. Food Chem 2021; 361:130105. [PMID: 34023686 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Inevitably, the residues of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tea leaves will be transferred to hot tea infusion, constituting a certain drinking risk; consequently, it is imperative to develop rapid, sensitive, and robust approaches for their trace-level detection. Herein, we developed a syringe membrane-based microextraction (SMME) method for preconcentration/extraction of PAHs in tea infusions. This method utilized metal-organic framework-mixed matrix membranes (MOF-MMMs) as adsorbents, which anchored the nanoparticles of MOFs onto the surface of PVDF membrane. The UiO-66 (Zr)-based MMM possessed high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area (320.5 m2 g-1) and pore volume (0.18 cm3 g-1), thus enhancing extraction/adsorption efficiency. Under optimized conditions, the limits of detection for PAHs reached as low as 0.02-0.08 μg L-1 with extraction recoveries of 85.5-102.1%, and the inter-day and intra-day precision was lower than 8.4% in tea infusions. Consequently, the SMME/HPLC-DAD method shows a great potential in conventional monitoring of PAHs in tea samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, College of Public Health and Management, Center for Health Assessment, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, College of Public Health and Management, Center for Health Assessment, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, College of Public Health and Management, Center for Health Assessment, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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13
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Timofeeva I, Stepanova K, Bulatov A. In-a-syringe surfactant-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in supramolecular solvent from tea infusion. Talanta 2021; 224:121888. [PMID: 33379097 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an automated surfactant-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction approach based on in-a-syringe concept was developed for the first time. The procedure assumed mixing aqueous sample phase and hydrophilic emulsion containing hexanoic acid and sodium hexanoate in a syringe of flow system. Sodium hexanoate acted as an emulsifier in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction process and it was required for the formation of supramolecular solvent phase. After spontaneous separation of phases in the syringe, the upper supramolecular solvent phase containing target analytes was withdrawn and analyzed. The procedure was applied to the determination of 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tea infusion by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. It was shown that the supramolecular solvent provided effective extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fast phase separation in the syringe without centrifugation. The enrichment factors were in the range of 38-46. The automated microextraction procedure lasted 4 min including syringe cleaning. Under optimal experimental conditions the linear detection ranges were found to be 0.05-50.00 μg L-1 with limits of detection calculated from a blank test, based on 3σ, 0.02-0.04 μg L-1. Recovery values in the range of 85-105% were achieved for tea infusion with a reproducibility expressed as RSD less than 4.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Timofeeva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg University, St. Petersburg State University, SPbSU, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
| | - Kira Stepanova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg University, St. Petersburg State University, SPbSU, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Andrey Bulatov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg University, St. Petersburg State University, SPbSU, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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14
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Zhang K, Wang Y, Li S, Zhu G. Air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating deep eutectic solvents for the simultaneous determination of bisphenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tea infusions via HPLC. Food Chem 2021; 348:129106. [PMID: 33516999 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a new class of green "designer solvent"; its physicochemical properties can be easily tuned by adjusting DES' constituents, chemical ratio and water content. In this study, three hydrophobic DESs with low viscosity, low density, and melting points close to room temperature were designed and synthesized. Based on these DESs, an air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction technique was developed based on the solidification of floating DESs for the simultaneous determination of bisphenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) via HPLC. The microextraction parameters were optimized via the Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodologies. The method shows satisfactory linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9928), a low limit of detection (0.16-0.75 μg L-1) and satisfactory precision (≤2.3%), and was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of bisphenols and PAHs from tea infusions with satisfactory recoveries (82.0-116.6%). This method is simple, rapid, economical, environmentally compatible, dispersive solvent-frees and centrifugation-free, and has promising applications in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaige Zhang
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Province, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China.
| | - Yunhe Wang
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Province, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Shuangying Li
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Province, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Guifen Zhu
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, International Joint Laboratory on Key Techniques in Water Treatment, Henan Province, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China.
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Phan Thi LA, Ngoc NT, Quynh NT, Thanh NV, Kim TT, Anh DH, Viet PH. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in dry tea leaves and tea infusions in Vietnam: contamination levels and dietary risk assessment. Environ Geochem Health 2020; 42:2853-2863. [PMID: 32166521 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00524-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The total mean ∑[Formula: see text] in samples were from 75.3 to 387.0 ng/g dry weight (d.w) and showed high value in black dry tea, followed by herbal, oolong, and green tea. The mean ∑[Formula: see text] (a combination of benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene) values were 54.3 ng/g, 16.4 ng/g, 14.2 ng/g, and 6.6 ng/g for black, herbal, green, and oolong teas, respectively. Concentration for benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was from 0.4 to 35.8 ng/g, and the BaP equivalent concentration values ranged from 0.3 to 48.1 ng/g. There was only 1 black tea sample that BaP concentration exceeded the maximum level according to European Union (EU) standards. Tea samples marketed in Vietnam showed insignificant difference with the samples from other origins by same analytical method. Black teas showed high PAHs contents in dry tea samples but the released percentage of sum of PAHs from tea-to-tea infusion was lower than that in other tea type samples. The released percentages of PAH4 from tea-to-tea infusion were 40.7, 15.4, and 1.9 for green, herbal, and black tea. High temperature in black tea manufacturing processes might reduce essential oil content in tea that might effect on the PAHs partially release into the infusion. Indeed, based on EU regulations, we may conclude that tea consumers are safe in risk of exposure to PAHs obtained from teas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Anh Phan Thi
- VNU Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thuy Ngoc
- Research Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Quynh
- Research Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Faculty of Environment, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Thanh
- VNU Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Truong Thi Kim
- Research Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duong Hong Anh
- Research Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Hung Viet
- VNU Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Research Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Długaszek M, Kaszczuk M. Assessment of the nutritional value of various teas infusions in terms of the macro- and trace elements content. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 59:126428. [PMID: 31708254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.126428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal teas are a good alternative to traditional green, black, red and white teas. Herbal teas infusions are also consumed for therapeutic purposes. Teas are the source of many valuable, biologically active compounds, including elements. Infusions drawn up from various teas may be one of the minerals sources in a daily diet. In the study, an attempt was made to assess infusions prepared from popular teas in terms of the content of elements in them. METHODS In the work, the amounts of elements such as Ca (calcium), Cr (chromium), Cu (copper), Fe (iron), K (potassium), Mg (magnesium), Mn (manganese), Na (sodium), Ni (nickel) and Zn (zinc) were determined in herbal teas infusions as well as yerba mate and rooibos by atomic absorption spectrometry method (AAS). Their participation in covering the daily nutrient requirements for particular elements was also estimated. RESULTS The average amount (mg/g) of elements that passed from 1 g of teas to their infusions was following: Ca - 5.73 ± 3.33, K - 18.14 ± 9.50, Mg - 1.79 ± 3.47, Na - 1.34 ± 0.85, and (μg/g) for: Cr - 0.14 ± 0.14, Cu - 2.56 ± 1.53, Fe - 18.45 ± 11.90, Mn - 64.20 ± 88.82, Ni - 0.49 ± 0.30 and Zn - 10.77 ± 13.89. Among the tested teas, the infusions of hibiscus, horsetail, nettle, rooibos and yerba mate contained the largest quantities of minerals. A significant positive correlation was determined between the pH value of infusion and Mg content, as well as some pairs of correlating elements (Ca-K, Ca-Mg, Cr-Mg, Cu-Zn and K-Mg) were found in the analyzed brews. CONCLUSIONS Generally, the infusions of herbal teas to a small extent cover the daily allowance for elements, however they are a valuable complementary source of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Długaszek
- Military University of Technology, Institute of Optoelectronics, ul. gen. Sylvester Kaliski 2, 00-908 Warsaw 46, Poland.
| | - Mirosława Kaszczuk
- Military University of Technology, Institute of Optoelectronics, ul. gen. Sylvester Kaliski 2, 00-908 Warsaw 46, Poland.
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17
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Munyangi J, Cornet-Vernet L, Idumbo M, Lu C, Lutgen P, Perronne C, Ngombe N, Bianga J, Mupenda B, Lalukala P, Mergeai G, Mumba D, Towler M, Weathers P. Artemisia annua and Artemisia afra tea infusions vs. artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) in treating Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a large scale, double blind, randomized clinical trial. Phytomedicine 2019; 57:49-56. [PMID: 30668322 PMCID: PMC6990969 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Prior small-scale clinical trials showed that Artemisia annua and Artemisia afra infusions, decoctions, capsules, or tablets were low cost, easy to use, and efficient in curing malaria infections. In a larger-scale trial in Kalima district, Democratic Republic of Congo, we aimed to show A. annua and/or A. afra infusions were superior or at least equivalent to artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) against malaria. METHODS A double blind, randomized clinical trial with 957 malaria-infected patients had two treatment arms: 472 patients for ASAQ and 471 for Artemisia (248 A. annua, 223 A. afra) remained at end of the trial. ASAQ-treated patients were treated per manufacturer posology, and Artemisia-treated patients received 1 l/d of dry leaf/twig infusions for 7 d; both arms had 28 d follow-up. Parasitemia and gametocytes were measured microscopically with results statistically compared among arms for age and gender. RESULTS Artemisinin content of A. afra was negligible, but therapeutic responses of patients were similar to A. annua-treated patients; trophozoites cleared after 24 h, but took up to 14 d to clear in ASAQ-treated patients. D28 cure rates defined as absence of parasitemia were for pediatrics 82, 91, and 50% for A. afra, A. annua and ASAQ; while for adults cure rates were 91, 100, and 30%, respectively. Fever clearance took 48 h for ASAQ, but 24 h for Artemisia. From D14-28 no Artemisia-treated patients had microscopically detectable gametocytes, while 10 ASAQ-treated patients remained gametocyte carriers at D28. More females than males were gametocyte carriers in the ASAQ arm but were unaffected in the Artemisia arms. Hemoglobin remained constant at 11 g/dl for A. afra after D1, while for A. annua and ASAQ it decreased to 9-9.5 g/dl. Only 5.0% of Artemisia-treated patients reported adverse effects, vs. 42.8% for ASAQ. CONCLUSION A. annua and A. afra infusions are polytherapies with better outcomes than ASAQ against malaria. In contrast to ASAQ, both Artemisias appeared to break the cycle of malaria by eliminating gametocytes. This study merits further investigation for possible inclusion of Artemisia tea infusions as an alternative for fighting and eradicating malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Munyangi
- Faculté de Médecine Université de Kolwezi-Lualaba, Congo DRC
| | - Lucile Cornet-Vernet
- Vice Présidente de La Maison de l'Artemisia(association Loi 1901), 20 rue Pierre Demours, 75017Paris, France.
| | | | - Chen Lu
- Department of Mathematics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA
| | | | | | - Nadège Ngombe
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Kinshasa, Congo DRC
| | - Jacques Bianga
- Programme National Lutte Contre le Paludisme, Maniema, Congo DRC
| | - Bavon Mupenda
- Ecole de Santé Publique Université de Kinshasa, Congo DRC
| | - Paul Lalukala
- Ministère Provincial de Santé Publique Maniema, Congo DRC
| | | | | | - Melissa Towler
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA
| | - Pamela Weathers
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA
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Munyangi J, Cornet-Vernet L, Idumbo M, Lu C, Lutgen P, Perronne C, Ngombe N, Bianga J, Mupenda B, Lalukala P, Mergeai G, Mumba D, Towler M, Weathers P. Effect of Artemisia annua and Artemisia afra tea infusions on schistosomiasis in a large clinical trial. Phytomedicine 2018; 51:233-240. [PMID: 30466622 PMCID: PMC6990975 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Schistosomiasis (bilharzia), a serious neglected tropical disease affecting millions, has few cost-effective treatments, so two Artemisia wormwood species, A. annua and A. afra, were compared with the current standard praziquantel (PZQ) treatment in an 800 patient clinical trial, August-November of 2015. METHODS The double blind, randomized, superiority clinical trial had three treatment arms: 400 for PZQ, 200 for A. annua, and 200 for A. afra. PZQ-treated patients followed manufacturer posology. Artemisia-treated patients received 1 l/d of dry leaf/twig tea infusions divided into 3 aliquots daily, for 7 days with 28-day follow-up. RESULTS Of 800 enrolled patients having an average of >700 Schistosoma mansoni eggs per fecal sample, 780 completed the trial. Within 14 days of treatment, all Artemisia-treated patients had no detectable eggs in fecal smears, a result sustained 28 days post treatment. Eggs in fecal smears of PZQ-treated patients were undetectable after D21. More males than females who entered the trial had melena, but both genders responded equally well to treatment; by D28 melena disappeared in all patients. In all arms, eosinophil levels declined by about 27% from D0 to D28. From D0 to D28 hemoglobin increases were greater in PZQ and A. afra-treated patients than in A. annua-treated patients. Hematocrit increases were greater from D0 to D28 for patients treated with either PZQ or A. annua compared to those treated with A. afra. Gender comparison showed that A. afra-treated males had significantly greater hemoglobin and hematocrit increases by D28 than either PZQ or A. annua-treated males. In contrast, PZQ and A. afra-treated females had greater hemoglobin and hematocrit increases than A. annua-treated females. Both adults and pediatric patients treated with A. annua responded better compared to PZQ treatment. CONCLUSION Both A. annua and A. afra provided faster effective treatment of schistosomiasis and should be considered for implementation on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Munyangi
- Faculté de Médecine Université de Kolwesi/Lualaba, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Lucile Cornet-Vernet
- Vice Présidente de La Maison de l'Artemisia(association Loi 1901), 20 rue Pierre Demours, 75017Paris, France.
| | - Michel Idumbo
- Centre de Santé de Lubile, Maniema, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Chen Lu
- Department of Mathematics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA
| | | | | | - Nadège Ngombe
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jacques Bianga
- Programme National Lutte Contre le Paludisme, Maniema, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Bavon Mupenda
- Ecole de Santé Publique Université de Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Paul Lalukala
- Ministère Provincial de Santé Publique Maniema, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Dieudonné Mumba
- Faculté de Médecine Université de Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Melissa Towler
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA
| | - Pamela Weathers
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA
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Cao P, Yang D, Zhu J, Liu Z, Jiang D, Xu H. Estimated assessment of cumulative dietary exposure to organophosphorus residues from tea infusion in China. Environ Health Prev Med 2018; 23:7. [PMID: 29444637 PMCID: PMC5813321 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-018-0696-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background China has the world’s largest tea plantation area in the world. To sustain high yields of the tea, multiple pesticides are used on tea crops to control pests. Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides are among the most widely used types of agricultural pesticides in China. As tea is a significant potential source of exposure to pesticide residues, the public concern has increased in relation to pesticide residues found in tea in China. The aim of the study was to estimate cumulative dietary exposure to OP residues from tea infusion for Chinese tea consumers to determine whether exposure to OP residues from tea infusion is a cause of health concern for tea consumers in China. Methods OP residue data were obtained from the China National Monitoring Program on Food Safety (2013–2014), encompassing 1687 tea samples from 12 provinces. Tea consumption data were obtained from the China National Nutrient and Health Survey (2002), comprising 506 tea consumers aged 15–82 years. The transfer rates of residues from tea leaves into tea infusions were obtained from the literature. The relative potency factor (RPF) approach was used to estimate acute cumulative exposure to 20 OP residues from tea infusion using methamidophos as the index compound. Dietary exposure was calculated in a probabilistic way. Results For tea consumers, the mean and the 99.9th percentile (P99.9) of cumulative dietary exposure to OP residues from tea infusion equalled 0.08 and 1.08 μg/kg bw/d. When compared with the acute reference dose (ARfD), 10 μg/kg bw/d for methamidophos, this accounts for 0.8 and 10.8% of the ARfD. Conclusions Even when considering OP residues from vegetables, fruits and other foods, there are no health concerns based on acute dietary exposure to OP residues from tea infusion. However, it is necessary to strengthen the management of the OP pesticides used on tea in China to reduce the risk of chronic dietary exposure to OPs from tea infusion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12199-018-0696-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Cao
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No 27, Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.,Risk Assessment of Division One, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No 37, Building 2, Guangqu Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Dajin Yang
- Risk Assessment of Division One, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No 37, Building 2, Guangqu Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jianghui Zhu
- Risk Assessment of Division One, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No 37, Building 2, Guangqu Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- Risk Assessment of Division One, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No 37, Building 2, Guangqu Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Dingguo Jiang
- Risk Assessment of Division One, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No 37, Building 2, Guangqu Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Haibin Xu
- Risk Assessment of Division One, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No 37, Building 2, Guangqu Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China.
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20
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Yang M, Gu Y, Wu X, Xi X, Yang X, Zhou W, Zeng H, Zhang S, Lu R, Gao H, Li J. Rapid analysis of fungicides in tea infusions using ionic liquid immobilized fabric phase sorptive extraction with the assistance of surfactant fungicides analysis using IL-FPSE assisted with surfactant. Food Chem 2017; 239:797-805. [PMID: 28873637 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A green, simple, inexpensive, and sensitive ionic liquid immobilized fabric phase sorptive extraction method coupled with high performance liquid chromatography was developed for rapid screening and simultaneous determination of four fungicides (azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, cyprodinil and trifloxystrobin) residues in tea infusions. This IL modified extraction fiber is capable of extracting target analytes directly from complicated tea water matrices with the addition of surfactant. A series of extraction conditions were investigated by one-factor-at-a-time approach and orthogonal test. After a series experiments, the optimum conditions were found to be 10% [HIMIM]NTf2 as coating solution, 2min vortex time, 500μL acetonitrile as dispersive solvent and 2min desorption time. Under the above conditions, the proposed technique was applied to detect fungicides from real tea water samples with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyi Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yihan Gu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuefei Xi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haozhe Zeng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sanbing Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Runhua Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haixiang Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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David IG, Buleandră M, Popa DE, Bîzgan AMC, Moldovan Z, Badea IA, Iorgulescu EE, Tekiner TA, Basaga H. Voltammetric determination of polyphenolic content as rosmarinic acid equivalent in tea samples using pencil graphite electrodes. J Food Sci Technol 2016; 53:2589-96. [PMID: 27478214 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The quasi-reversible, diffusion controlled behavior of rosmarinic acid (RA) on a disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was established by cyclic voltammetry. Using the anodic oxidation peak presented by RA on the PGE a differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) method was developed for the quantitative determination of RA. The linear range was 10(-8) - 10(-5) M RA and the detection and quantification limits were 7.93 × 10(-9) M and 2.64 × 10(-8) M RA, respectively. The applicability of the developed method was tested by recovery studies and by the assessment of the total polyphenolic contents (TPCDPV) of green, white and black Turkish teas, which were found to be 40.74, 30.04 and 23.97 mg rosmarinic acid equivalent/g dry tea, respectively. These results were in good agreement with those obtained by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The developed method is a sensitive and cheap tool for the rapid and precise evaluation of TPCDPV of tea samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Gabriela David
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Av. District 3, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Buleandră
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Av. District 3, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana Elena Popa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Av. District 3, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Cristina Bîzgan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Av. District 3, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Zenovia Moldovan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Av. District 3, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irinel-Adriana Badea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Av. District 3, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emilia Elena Iorgulescu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Av. District 3, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tuğçe Ayça Tekiner
- Molecular Biology Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Orhanlı-Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huveyda Basaga
- Molecular Biology Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Orhanlı-Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
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Yin DD, Yuan RY, Wu Q, Li SS, Shao S, Xu YJ, Hao XH, Wang LS. Assessment of flavonoids and volatile compounds in tea infusions of water lily flowers and their antioxidant activities. Food Chem 2015; 187:20-8. [PMID: 25976993 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Water lily, a member of the Nymphaeaceae family, can be made into tea on the basis of outstanding fragrance characteristics and health care functions. In this study, 16 flavonoids were identified and quantified in tea infusions prepared from the petals of 33 water lily cultivars using HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The infusions were analyzed with HS-SPME coupled with GC-MS; 29 volatile compounds were detected, of which nine were found to be scent components. The cultivars were clustered into three clusters characterized according to scent components. The 'Conqueror' and 'Virginia' cultivars had the highest antioxidant activities. The concentrations of polyphenols and flavonoids showed significant positive correlations with antioxidant activity as measured by DPPH, ABTS(+), and FRAP assays. This study is valuable for a fuller understanding of this important tea and can also be used for the development of water lily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ru-Yu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yan-Jun Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Hao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Liang-Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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van der Kooy F, Sullivan SE. The complexity of medicinal plants: the traditional Artemisia annua formulation, current status and future perspectives. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 150:1-13. [PMID: 23973523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia annua has a long tradition of use for the treatment of intermittent fevers which we now relate to malarial infections. The active principle artemisinin has been isolated from Artemisia annua and today forms the backbone of the global fight against malaria. The traditionally prepared Artemisia annua formulation is however still being used on a global scale for the treatment of malaria, and it is claimed that its action is superior to the single purified drug. Artemisia annua is therefore on the forefront of the heated debate between the single drug-single target approach of western based medicine and the holistic approach of traditional medicinal systems. This review aims to highlight the complexities we face in the general study of medicinal plants at the hand of three levels of complexity. These levels consist of (a) the chemistry of the medicinal plant, (b) the influence of the preparation method on the chemistry of the final formulation and (c) the influence of metabolism on the chemistry of the formulation. We also aim to provide an up-to-date report on all scientific work that has been conducted and published in English on the traditional formulation of Artemisia annua. MATERIALS AND METHODS All English scientific literatures published until the first quarter of 2013 were retrieved from well-known scientific databases (Scifinder scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Google scholar) and Non-governmental organisations active in this field were consulted. A draft version of this manuscript was sent to the African office of the World Health Organisation (WHO), and to the Non-governmental organisations "Action Médicine Naturelle" (ANAMED) and "Iwerliewen fir bedreete Volleker - Réseau belgo-luxembourgeois pour la valorisation des herbes médicinales" (IFBV-BELHERB) for comments. RESULTS Very little scientific work has been conducted on the Artemisia annua formulation. The available literature contains many discrepancies which are unfortunately selectively being used by the two different sides in this debate to further their arguments. On one side of the argument we have the low content of artemisinin in Artemisia annua, the low bioavailability of artemisinin when the traditional formulation is administered and the high levels of recrudescence, which are being emphasised, while on the other side the possible role of synergism and prodrugs are being highlighted. This review reports that there are still too many gaps in our existing knowledge to provide conclusive evidence for either of the two sides of the argument. CONCLUSIONS Much more research is needed into Artemisia annua formulations. We stand to gain invaluable knowledge into how traditional medicinal plant works, discover the identities of new active compounds (which can be used against other diseases such as HIV, diarrhoea, and cancer) and possibly bring both sides of this debate closer together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank van der Kooy
- Centre for Complementary Medicine Research, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
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