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Momtaz M, Khan MS. Analysis of Chlorpyrifos Pesticide Residue in Locally Grown Cauliflower, Cabbage, and Eggplant Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Technique: A Bangladesh Perspective. Foods 2024; 13:1780. [PMID: 38891008 PMCID: PMC11171951 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are chemical substances used to kill or control various types of pests, which are hazardous for crops and animals. Pesticides may remain on or in foods after these are applied to crops. Pesticide residue in food has been a major global concern since there are direct and indirect health hazards associated with the regular consumption of foods with pesticide residues. Chlorpyrifos is one of the most used pesticides that has received much attention worldwide due to its detrimental health impact. The presence of chlorpyrifos residue in food crops can have both long-term and short-term effects on consumer health. Bangladesh is an agricultural country that uses a high volume of pesticides every year including chlorpyrifos. This experimental study aimed to analyze chlorpyrifos pesticide residue in locally grown cauliflower, cabbage, and eggplant samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique followed by a suitable extraction process. Commercially available cauliflower, cabbage, and eggplant samples along with samples cultivated with the recommended pesticide dose were collected for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Samples cultivated without chlorpyrifos were collected as control samples for the validation study. The method was validated with respect to accuracy, recovery, reproducibility, linearity, limit of detection, and limit of quantification. The method has a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.011 mg/kg and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.034 mg/kg. The experimental results were compared to the maximum residue level (MRL) to assess the human health impact. Chlorpyrifos residue was found in 44% of cauliflower samples with 91% of samples higher than MRL. The residue was found in 68% of cabbage samples with 53% of samples higher than MRL. For eggplant, the residue was found in 80% of the samples with 65% of samples higher than MRL. The risk assessment based on the residue level found in this study shows a potential health hazard of having a high concentration of chlorpyrifos residue in locally grown vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohidus Samad Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET), Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
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2
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Kamalesh R, Karishma S, Saravanan A. Progress in environmental monitoring and mitigation strategies for herbicides and insecticides: A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141421. [PMID: 38360415 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Herbicides and insecticides are pervasively applied in agricultural sector to increase the yield by controlling or eliminating bug vermin and weeds. Although, resistance development occurs, direct and indirect impact on human health and ecosystem is clearly visible. Normally, herbicides and pesticides are water soluble in nature; accordingly, it is hard to decrease their deadliness and to dis-appear them from the environment. They are profoundly specific, and considered as poisonous to various peoples in agricultural and industrial work places. In order to substantially reduce the harmful impacts, it is crucial to thoroughly examine the detection and mitigation measures for these compounds. The primary objective of this paper is to provide an overview of various herbicide and pesticide detection techniques and associated remedial techniques. A short summary on occurrence and harmful effects of herbicides/insecticides on ecosystem has been included to the study. The conventional and advanced, rapid techniques for the detection of insecticides and herbicides were described in detail. A detailed overview on several mitigation strategies including advanced oxidation, adsorption, electrochemical process, and bioremediation as well as the mechanism behind the strategic approaches to reduce the effects of growing pesticide pollution has been emphasized. Regardless of the detection techniques and mitigation strategies, the recent advances employed, obstacles, and perspectives have been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kamalesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - S Karishma
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - A Saravanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India.
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3
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Li W, Chen J, Linli F, Chen X, Huang Y, Yang X. Organophosphorus pesticide contaminants in fruits and vegetables: A meta-analysis. Food Chem X 2023; 20:101014. [PMID: 38144849 PMCID: PMC10740025 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide demand for organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) in food production has raised concerns about pesticide residues. Meta-analysis, proven effective in assessing contaminants like aflatoxins and organotin compounds, is applied here to comprehensively study OP contamination in fresh fruits and vegetables. Employing Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V3.0 software, we meticulously examined 24 relevant articles encompassing 69,467 data points. Our findings revealed that while the residual concentrations of OPs (such as chlorpyrifos and profenofos) in most fruits and vegetables have typically met international or national safety standards, including Codex Alimentarius Commission, European Union, British, and Chinese standards, there are some instances in which the maximum residue limits have been exceeded, posing safety risks. Therefore, significant efforts are required to maintain residual OP contamination at safe concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610039, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Junlong Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610039, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Fangzhou Linli
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610039, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Xianggui Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610039, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Yukun Huang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610039, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610039, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chengdu 610039, China
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4
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Ohoro CR, Wepener V. Review of scientific literature on available methods of assessing organochlorine pesticides in the environment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22142. [PMID: 38045185 PMCID: PMC10692828 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) widely used in agriculture and industry, causing serious health and ecological consequences upon exposure. This review offers a thorough overview of OCPs analysis emphasizing the necessity of ongoing work to enhance the identification and monitoring of these POPs in environmental and human samples. The benefits and drawbacks of the various OCPs analysis techniques including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) are discussed. Challenges associated with validation and optimization criteria, including accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ), must be met for a method to be regarded as accurate and reliable. Suitable quality control measures, such as method blanks and procedural blanks, are emphasized. The LOD and LOQ are critical quality control measure for efficient quantification of these compounds, and researchers have explored various techniques for their calculation. Matrix interference, solubility, volatility, and partition coefficient influence OCPs occurrences and are discussed in this review. Validation experiments, as stated by European Commission in document SANTE/11813/2017, showed that the acceptance criteria for method validation of OCP analytes include ≤20 % for high precision, and 70-120 % for recovery. This may ultimately be vital for determining the human health risk effects of exposure to OCP and for formulating sensible environmental and public health regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinemerem Ruth Ohoro
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Victor Wepener
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
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5
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Zhou Y, Ai J, Cai L, Yan Y, Wang B, Ma H, Yu Q, Zhou J, Huo X. Deep learning enabled miniature mass spectrometer for rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of pesticides on vegetable surfaces. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 180:114000. [PMID: 37648105 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Excessive pesticide use poses a significant threat to food safety. Rapid on-site detection of multi-target pesticide residues in vegetables is crucial due to their widespread distribution and limited shelf life. In this study, a rapid on-site screening method for pesticide residues on vegetable surfaces was developed by employing a miniature mass spectrometer. A direct pretreatment method involves placing vegetables and elution solution into a customized flexible ziplock bag, allowing thorough mixing, washing, and filtration. This process effectively removes pesticide residues from vegetable surfaces with minimal organic solvent usage and can be completed within 2 min. Moreover, this study introduced a deep learning algorithm based on a one-dimensional convolutional neural network, coupled with a feature database, to autonomously discriminate detection outcomes. By combining full scan MS and tandem MS analysis methods, the proposed method achieved a qualitative recognition accuracy of 99.62%. Following the qualitative discrimination stage, the target pesticide residue and internal standard can be simultaneously isolated and fragmented in the ion trap, thus enabling on-site quantitative analysis and warning. This method achieved a quantitative detection limit of 10 μg/kg for carbendazim in cowpea. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed analytical system and strategy in food safety applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Ai
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingli Cai
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Condiment Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Chongqing 401120, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiyong Yan
- R&D Department, Shenzhen Senlanthy Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518101, People's Republic of China; Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518101, People's Republic of China
| | - BingZhi Wang
- Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518101, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhen Ma
- R&D Department, Shenzhen Senlanthy Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518101, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Yu
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinming Huo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Maleki NS, Shakerkhatibi M, Dolatkhah M, Safari GH. Cumulative health risk assessment of pesticide residues in apple products in the Northwest of Iran using Monte Carlo simulation. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2023; 40:992-1010. [PMID: 37428849 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2232876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables cause serious health issues, especially among children. This research was carried out to monitor and evaluate the risks of organophosphate pesticide residues in Maragheh County apple products from 2020. The Monte Carlo Simulation approach (MCS) was used to evaluate the non-cancerous effects of exposure to pesticide residues in adults and children. Apple samples were taken every two weeks at the Maragheh central market during the summer and fall months. In this study, seventeen pesticide residues in 30 apple samples were estimated using a modified QuECheRS extraction technique coupled with GC/MS. Of the seventeen organophosphate pesticides, thirteen were identified as pesticide residues (76.47%). The highest concentration found in the apple samples was associated with chlorpyrifos pesticide at 1.05 mg/kg. Pesticide residues exceeding the maximum residue limits (MRLs) were found in 100% of apple specimens, and more than 75% of the samples contained ten or more pesticide residues. Approximately 45%-80% of pesticide residues on apple samples were removed after washing and peeling. Chlorpyrifos pesticide had the highest health quotient (HQ) for men, women, and children with values of 0.046, 0.054, and 0.23, respectively. Cumulative risk assessment (CRA) of non-carcinogenic effects indicates that there is no significant health risk in the adult age group from apple consumption (HI < 1). Nevertheless, children are at high non-cancer risk from eating unwashed apples (HI = 1.3). This finding shows that high levels of pesticide residues in apple samples, especially unwashed apples, can be a serious concern for the health of children. To better protect consumer health, continuous and regular monitoring, strict regulations, training, and awareness of farmers, especially control pre-harvest interval (PHI) is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Soheili Maleki
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shakerkhatibi
- Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehran Dolatkhah
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholam Hossein Safari
- Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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7
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Pesticide Residues and Effect of Household Processing in Commonly Consumed Vegetables in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 2023:7503426. [PMID: 36755781 PMCID: PMC9902158 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7503426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The long-term and indiscriminate use of pesticides has resulted in serious health effects. Aside from that, developing countries do not have any monitoring systems in place to prevent the consumption of high levels of pesticides in foods. Therefore, this study aimed to determine pesticide residues and the effect of processing in commonly consumed vegetables in the southwestern part of Ethiopia. In total, 12 samples of 1 kg of each type of vegetable were collected from selected markets. Moreover, as a solution to pesticide residue problems in vegetables, the effect of different processing methods such as washing, peeling, boiling, and their cumulative effect was studied. In the analytical procedure, the modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) extraction with florisil as a cleanup sorbent was used and the identification of pesticides was done by using gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The parent p,p'-DDT was detected at a concentration of 0.015 mg/kg in potato samples from the Serbo market and a concentration of 0.516, 0.232, 0.174, and 1.512 mg/kg in Merkato, Kochi, Serbo, and Shebe onion samples, respectively. P`p-DDT is detected at a high concentration compared to its metabolites (p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDD), which is an indication of recent use. DDT and its metabolites, other organochlorines (lindane, γ-chlordane, dimethachlor, and heptachlor), and pyrethroids (cypermethrin and deltamethrin) exceeded the recommended limits by FAO and WHO in multiple samples of potato, onion, and cabbage. The processing result showed that washing, boiling, and the combination of the two revealed a 100% reduction in o,p'-DDT, and p,p'-DDT pesticides detected in cabbage. In conclusion, multiple residues were detected in the three vegetables studied, indicating that pesticides were applied intensively. Pesticide levels were reduced by home processing procedures, which is important for consumer safety.
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8
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Mandal S, Poi R, Hazra DK, Ansary I, Bhattacharyya S, Karmakar R. Review of extraction and detection techniques for the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits to evaluate food safety and make legislative decisions: Challenges and anticipations. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1215:123587. [PMID: 36628882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fruits are vital parts of the human diet because they include necessary nutrients that the body needs. Pesticide use has increased dramatically in recent years to combat fruit pests across the world. Pesticide usage during production, on the other hand, frequently results in undesirable residues in fruits after harvest. Consumers are concerned about pesticide residues since most of the fruits are directly consumed and even recommended for the patients as dietary supplements. As a result of this worry, pesticide residues in fruits are being randomly monitored to re-assess the food safety situation and make informed legislative decisions. To assess the degree of pesticide residues in fruits, a simple and quick analytical procedure is usually required. As a result, pesticide residue detection (using various analytical techniques: GC, LC and Biosensors) becomes critical, and regulatory directives are formed to regulate their amounts via the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). Over the previous two decades, a variety of extraction techniques and analytical methodologies for xenobiotic's efficient extraction, identification, confirmation and quantification have been developed, ranging from traditional to advanced. The goal of this review is to give readers an overview of the evolution of numerous extraction and detection methods for pesticide residue analysis in fruits. The objective is to assist analysts in better understanding how the ever-changing regulatory landscape might drive the need for new analytical methodologies to be developed in order to comply with current standards and safeguard consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Mandal
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India; Department of Chemistry, Burdwan University, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India
| | - Rajlakshmi Poi
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Hazra
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Inul Ansary
- Department of Chemistry, Burdwan University, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India
| | - Sudip Bhattacharyya
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajib Karmakar
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
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Kokaji Y, Tomizawa S, Kamijo K, Nakajima T, Yamamoto K, Saito Y, Takada T, Shiradoh H, Ohsawa Y, Oyama A, Noguchi M, Yokoyama T, Sasamoto T. [Simultaneous Determination of Pesticide Residues in Brown Rice Using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS]. SHOKUHIN EISEIGAKU ZASSHI. JOURNAL OF THE FOOD HYGIENIC SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2023; 64:246-252. [PMID: 38171897 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.64.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
This study developed a method that simultaneously detected 283 pesticide residues in brown rice using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. In this method, we examined the desirable amount of sodium chloride required for salting out and the SPE cartridge required for clean-up. Pesticide residues from the sample were extracted with acetonitrile using a homogenizer and mixed with salts including anhydrous magnesium, two types of citrate, and sodium chloride. The sample solution of the acetonitrile layer was cleaned up using the GCB/NH2 (200 mg/200 mg, 6 mL) SPE cartridge. The determination method was validated using two concentrations (0.01 and 0.1 μg/g) of 283 pesticides based on the validation guideline of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in Japan. Of the 283 pesticides, 250 were detected satisfactorily. In addition, 59 brown rice samples sold in Tokyo were surveyed using the same method. Out of 44 samples, 12 pesticide residues below MRLs were detected. Therefore, this developed method is useful for the simultaneous determination of pesticide residues in brown rice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuri Saito
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | | | | | | | - Ayane Oyama
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
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Terminal residue of fungicides in agro-products from north China: Assessment of human exposure potential. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Li S, Meng Z, Liu Y, Liu D, Xu Z. Rapid analysis of residual pinoxaden and its metabolites in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using the QuEChERS method with HPLC-MS/MS. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Improvement of the QuEChERS method coupled with GC–MS/MS for the determination of pesticide residues in fresh fruit and vegetables. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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Modern Analytical Methods for the Analysis of Pesticides in Grapes: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111623. [PMID: 35681373 PMCID: PMC9180315 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, research on the determination of pesticides in food products is very popular. Information obtained from research conducted so far mainly concerns the development of a methodology to determine the content of pesticides in food products. However, they do not describe the content of the pesticide used in viticulture in the resulting product. Over the past decade, this study has examined analytical methodologies for assessing pesticide residues in grapes. Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, and Springer databases were searched for relevant publications. The phrases “pesticides” and “grapes” and their combinations were used to search for articles. The titles and annotations of the extracted articles have been read and studied to ensure that they meet the review criteria. The selected articles were used to compile a systematic review based on scientific research and reliable sources. The need to study the detection of pesticide residues in grapes using advanced analytical methods is confirmed by our systematic review. This review also highlights modern methods of sample preparation, such as QuEChERS, SPME, PLE, dLLME, and ADLL-ME, as well as the most used methods of separation and identification of pesticides in grapes. An overview of the countries where residual grape pesticide amounts are most studied is presented, along with the data on commonly used pesticides to control pests and diseases in grape cultivation. Finally, future possibilities and trends in the analysis of pesticide residues in grapes are discussed by various analytical methods.
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14
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Liu G, Zhang X, Lu M, Tian M, Liu Y, Wang J, Li L, Li T, Chen G, Xu D. Adsorption and removal of organophosphorus pesticides from Chinese cabbages and green onions by using metal organic frameworks based on the mussel-inspired adhesive interface. Food Chem 2022; 393:133337. [PMID: 35653990 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Based on the mussel-inspired adhesive interface (Fe3O4-g-C3N4@PDA), a novel bionic metal-organic framework (Fe3O4-g-C3N4-PDA@MIL-101) was successfully prepared. The composite featured a high specific surface area and a multi-microchannel structure, as well as strong thermochemical stability. The structural property of Fe3O4-g-C3N4-PDA@MIL-101(Fe) was characterized, and the results indicated that Fe3O4, PDA, and MIL-101(Fe) were uniformly coated on the g-C3N4 surface. The adsorption and desorption of organophosphorus pesticides with Fe3O4-g-C3N4-PDA@MIL-101(Fe) were evaluated by batch experiments. This composite showed high adsorption efficiency and selective removal of coralox, phosalone, and chlorpyrifos. Under the optimal conditions, three organophosphorus pesticides were adsorbed from Chinese cabbage and green onion samples with Fe3O4-g-C3N4-PDA@MIL-101(Fe). The analytical method exhibited high sensitivity (LOD, 0.19-2.34 μg/L; LOQ, 0.65-7.82 μg/L), excellent practicality, and good stability, suggesting that Fe3O4-g-C3N4-PDA@MIL-101 was an ideal candidate magnetic adsorbent for the removal of organophosphorus pesticides in Chinese cabbage and green onion samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyang Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China; College of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Zhangjiakou 075000, China; College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Meng Lu
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China
| | - Mingshuo Tian
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China
| | - Ge Chen
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Donghui Xu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China.
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15
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Wahab S, Muzammil K, Nasir N, Khan MS, Ahmad MF, Khalid M, Ahmad W, Dawria A, Reddy LKV, Busayli AM. Advancement and New Trends in Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food: A Comprehensive Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1106. [PMID: 35567107 PMCID: PMC9105315 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Food safety is a rising challenge worldwide due to the expanding population and the need to produce food to feed the growing population. At the same time, pesticide residues found in high concentrations in fresh agriculture pose a significant threat to food safety. Presently, crop output is being increased by applying herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, pesticides, fertilizers, nematicides, and soil amendments. A combination of factors, including bioaccumulation, widespread usage, selective toxicity, and stability, make pesticides among the most toxic compounds polluting the environment. They are especially harmful in vegetables and fruits because people are exposed to them. Thus, it is critical to monitor pesticide levels in fruits and vegetables using all analytical techniques available. Any evaluation of the condition of pesticide contamination in fruits and vegetables necessitates knowledge of maximum residue levels (MRLs). We set out the problems in determining various types of pesticides in vegetables and fruits, including the complexity and the diversity of matrices in biological materials. This review examines the different analytical techniques to determine the target analytes that must be isolated before final consumption. Many processes involved determining pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables and their advantages and disadvantages have been discussed with recommendations. Furthermore, MRLs of target pesticide residues in fruit and vegetable samples are discussed in the context of data from the literature. The review also examines MRLs' impact on the international trade of fruits and vegetables. Accurate, sensitive, and robust analytical procedures are critical to ensuring that pesticide levels in food products are effectively regulated. Despite advances in detection technology, effective sample preparation procedures for pesticide residue measurement in cereals and feedstuffs are still needed. In addition, these methods must be compatible with current analytical techniques. Multi-residue approaches that cover a wide range of pesticides are desired, even though pesticides' diverse natures, classes, and physio-chemical characteristics make such methods challenging to assemble. This review will be valuable to food analysts and regulatory authorities to monitor the quality and safety of fresh food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khursheed Muzammil
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait, King Khalid University, Abha 61412, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Nazim Nasir
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait, King Khalid University, Abha 61412, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Suhail Khan
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait, King Khalid University, Abha 61412, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Safaa, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Adam Dawria
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Khamis Mushait Campus, King Khalid University, Abha 61412, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Abdulrahman Mohammed Busayli
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (A.M.B.)
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16
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Dissipation and Residues of Pyraclostrobin in Rosa roxburghii and Soil under Filed Conditions. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050669. [PMID: 35267302 PMCID: PMC8909010 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosa roxburghii has been widely planted in China. Powdery mildew is the most serious disease of R. roxburghii cultivation. Pyraclostrobin was widely used as a novel fungicide to control powdery mildew of R. roxburghii. To assess the safety of pyraclostrobin for use on R. roxburghii fruits, its residue rapid analysis as well as an investigation on its dissipation behaviors and terminal residues in R. roxburghii and soil under field conditions were carried out. The QuEChERS method was simplified using LC−MS/MS detection and combined with liquid−liquid extraction purification to allow determination of pyraclostrobin levels in R. roxburghii fruits and the soil. The fortified recoveries at 0.1~5.0 mg/kg were 93.48~102.48%, with the relative standard deviation of 0.64~3.21%. The limit of detection of the analytical method was 0.16 and 0.15 µg/kg for R. roxburghii fruit and soil, respectively. The effects of different spray equipment and formulations on the persistence of pyraclostrobin in R.roxburghii were as follows: gaston gasoline piggyback agricultural sprayer (5.38 d) > manual agricultural backpack sprayer (3.37 d) > knapsack multi-function electric sprayer (2.91 d), suspension concentrate (SC) (6.78 d) > wettable powder (WP) (5.64 d) > water dispersible granule (WG) (4.69 d). The degradation of pyraclostrobin followed the first-order kinetics and its half-lives in R.roxburghii and soil were 6.20~7.79 days and 3.86~5.95 days, respectively. The terminal residues of pyraclostrobin in R. roxburghii and soil were 0.169~1.236 mg/kg and 0.105~3.153 mg/kg, respectively. This study provides data for the establishment of the maximum residue limit (MRL) as well as the safe and rational use of pyraclostrobin in R. roxburghii production.
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17
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Wan N, Chang Q, Hou F, Li J, Zang X, Zhang S, Wang C, Wang Z. Efficient solid-phase microextraction of twelve halogens-containing environmental hormones from fruits and vegetables by triazine-based conjugated microporous polymer coating. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1195:339458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Tao H, Liu F, Ji C, Wu Y, Wang X, Shi Q. A novel electrochemical sensing platform based on the esterase extracted from kidney bean for high-sensitivity determination of organophosphorus pesticides. RSC Adv 2022; 12:5265-5274. [PMID: 35425578 PMCID: PMC8981541 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08129b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An electrochemical sensing platform using kidney bean esterase as a new detection enzyme was proposed for organophosphorus pesticide determination. The determination of trichlorfon can be easily achieved with a LOD as low as 3 ng L−1 (S/N = 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Tao
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chun Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuangen Wu
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qili Shi
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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19
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Chen R, Xue X, Wang G, Wang J. Determination and dietary intake risk assessment of 14 pesticide residues in apples of China. Food Chem 2021; 351:129266. [PMID: 33639431 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The presence of pesticide residues in apples raises serious health concerns. In this study, a novel, sensitive, high-performance method was developed to simultaneously analyze the residues of 14 pesticides in apples using modified QuEChERS sample pretreatment coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The optimized purification procedure demonstrated satisfactory recovery and precision for all the tested pesticides. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) values of 14 pesticides in the apple matrix ranged from 0.03 μg/kg to 0.3 μg/kg and 0.1 μg/kg to 1.0 μg/kg, respectively. The proposed method detected six pesticides in the apple samples collected from 20 counties in China's major apple-producing regions. Furthermore, the risk quotient (RQ, %) of the detected pesticides was evaluated by the national estimated acceptable daily intake. The RQs of six pesticides in Chinese people of different age groups were less than 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Chen
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, 66 Longtan Rd., Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Xiaomin Xue
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, 66 Longtan Rd., Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Guiping Wang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, 66 Longtan Rd., Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Jinzheng Wang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, 66 Longtan Rd., Tai'an 271000, China.
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20
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Jamil LA, Sami HZ, Aghaei A, Moinfar S, Ataei S. Combination of modified ultrasound-assisted extraction with continuous sample drop flow microextraction for determination of pesticides in vegetables and fruits. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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A new approach for electrochemical detection of organochlorine compound lindane: Development of molecular imprinting polymer with polyoxometalate/carbon nitride nanotubes composite and validation. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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22
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Narenderan ST, Meyyanathan SN, Babu B. Review of pesticide residue analysis in fruits and vegetables. Pre-treatment, extraction and detection techniques. Food Res Int 2020; 133:109141. [PMID: 32466907 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of pesticides have been used in agriculture to increase the yield, quality and extend the storage life of crops. However, the use of pesticide has been increased now a day due to the ever-increasing population and rapid urbanization. The continuous uses of these pesticides have resulted in contamination of the environment, crops and also caused potential risk to human health. For this reason, strict regulations are developed and regulated to monitor these compounds. To date, several techniques have been developed for the extraction and detection of pesticides, from traditional to advanced detection techniques. The present study delineates a comprehensive up to date overview of the available traditional methods (gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with various detector) to advanced pre-treatment (polystyrene-coated magnetic nanoparticle) and detection (sensor development and nanotechnology) techniques used in the analysis of pesticides residue in various fruits and vegetables. Also, categorization of pesticides and its toxicity have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Narenderan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S N Meyyanathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Babu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
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