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Ikayaja EO, Babalola GA, Zabbey N, Arimoro FO. Agricultural-Derived organochlorine pesticide residues impact on macroinvertebrate community in an Afrotropical Stream. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34606. [PMID: 39114064 PMCID: PMC11305321 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of pesticide application through agricultural activities in Chanchaga River, Nigeria, using macroinvertebrate data sets obtained for six months (September 2021-February 2022). Four (4) stations, characterized by various agricultural activities, were sampled along the river. Analysis of the water samples for organochlorine pesticide residues (OCP) using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) at the peak of the two seasons revealed a high concentration of eleven isomers of organochlorine, which ranged from 0.01 to 0.81 μg/L, and a mean concentration that was above international drinking water standards set by the World Health Organization, the Federal Environmental Protection Agency, and the European Union. The mean concentration of detected OCP was recorded as DDT (0.72 μg/L), Dieldrin (0.59 μg/L), Paraquat (0.54 μg/L), Aldrin (0.49 μg/L), Metribuzin (0.48 μg/L), Butachlor (0.47 μg/L), Alachlor (0.28 μg/L), Atrazine (0.23 μg/L), Phenol (0.10 μg/L), Endrin (0.09 μg/L), and Benzene (0.08 μg/L). Atrazine, alachlor, metribuzin, aldrin, phenol, and endrin showed significant differences across the two seasons (p < 0.05), while dieldrin, butachlor, paraquat, benzene, and DDT showed no significant differences across the two seasons (p > 0.05). A total of 622 macroinvertebrate individuals from 19 species in 18 families from 8 orders were collected. More individuals were collected during the dry season (58.17 %) and the wet season (41.83 %). Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) ordination revealed a strong relationship between species abundance and some organochlorine pesticide residues such as DDT, endrin, metribuzin, atrazine, benzene, and dieldrin. The response of macroinvertebrates to OCP indicates that Chanchaga River is a disturbed river, and the indicator organisms (Lestes sp., Coenagrion sp., Zyxomma sp., Appasus sp., Chironomus sp., Lymnaea natalensis, and Caridina nililotica) can also be used for further biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice O. Ikayaja
- Ecology and Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Gideon A. Babalola
- Department of Library and Information Science, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Nenibarini Zabbey
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, East-West Road, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Francis O. Arimoro
- Ecology and Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
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Ikayaja EO, Arimoro FO. Organophosphate pesticide residue impact on water quality and changes in macroinvertebrate community in an Afrotropical stream flowing through farmlands. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:489. [PMID: 38689125 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
River Chanchaga has experienced significant agricultural practices around its catchment, which involved the indiscriminate use of pesticides. However, residents of the study area are not well aware of the negative impact of pesticides on water quality and macroinvertebrates. In this study, the first report on the influence of organophosphate pesticide contamination on the abundance of the macroinvertebrate community was provided. Sampling for the determination of organophosphate pesticide residues was carried out during the peak of the two seasons, while macroinvertebrates and physicochemical variables were observed for 6 months. We examined 11 organophosphate pesticide residues using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, 12 water quality variables, and 625 macroinvertebrate individuals. The concentration of recorded organophosphate pesticide residues ranged from 0.01 to 0.52 μg/L. From the Canonical Correspondence Analysis plot, malathion, chlorine, and paraffin show a positive correlation with Unima sp., Hydrocanthus sp., Chironomus sp., and Potadoma sp. At station 3, depth shows a positive correlation with Biomphalaria sp. and Zyxomma sp., indicating poor water quality as most of these macroinvertebrates are indicators of water pollution. Diuron and carbofuran show a negative correlation with Lestes sp. and Pseudocloeon sp., and these are pollution-sensitive macroinvertebrates. The total mean concentration of organophosphate pesticide residues was above international drinking water standards set by the World Health Organization except for paraffin, chlorpyrifos, and diuron. In conclusion, the observations recorded from this research are useful in managing pesticide applications around the river catchment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice O Ikayaja
- Ecology and Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Minna, P.M.B. 65, Nigeria.
| | - Francis O Arimoro
- Ecology and Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Minna, P.M.B. 65, Nigeria
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Nahli A, Oubraim S, Chlaida M. Monitoring structural and functional responses of the macroinvertebrate community in a resilient stream after its depollution (Casablanca, Morocco). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:210. [PMID: 36534270 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the changes in the structure of the macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups (FFGs) of the Hassar Stream (northeast of Casablanca) following the installation of Mediouna's wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Data on water quality and the macroinvertebrate fauna were collected at seven sample points from November 2013 to October 2014. Macroinvertebrates were used to assess the impact of physicochemical and hydromorphological properties on the FFG organization and resilience. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was employed to examine the distribution of FFGs along this stream. Based on the FFGs' relative abundance, collector-gatherers account for 39.06% of the macroinvertebrates' assemblage, followed by shredders (28.41%), collector-filters (18.76%), scrapers (7.16%), and predators (6.6%). The FFG ratios revealed that the environment was highly heterotrophic (P/R < 0.75), and all studied stations had relatively stable substrates. In addition, the ratios indicated that the studied stations had a functional riparian zone (CPOM/FPOM > 0.25), except for stations S1 and S2. Simultaneously, the RDA model revealed that the distribution of the FFGs closely followed fluctuations in the water quality (BOD5, NH4+, PO43-, EC, and Cl-) and hydromorphic properties (flow and depth). These findings highlight the importance of studying macroinvertebrate FFGs as a complementary way to assess the aquatic ecosystems' ecological integrity and resilience following anthropogenic impact reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmottalib Nahli
- Ecology and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Sidi Othmane, 7955, Casablanca, PB, Morocco.
| | - Said Oubraim
- Ecology and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Sidi Othmane, 7955, Casablanca, PB, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Chlaida
- Ecology and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Sidi Othmane, 7955, Casablanca, PB, Morocco
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Akamagwuna FC, Edegbene AO, Ntloko P, Arimoro FO, Nnadozie CF, Choruma DJ, Odume ON. Functional groups of Afrotropical EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) as bioindicators of semi-urban pollution in the Tsitsa River Catchment, Eastern Cape, South Africa. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13970. [PMID: 36540799 PMCID: PMC9760020 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the distribution patterns of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera functional feeding groups (EPT FFGs) in five streams that drain semi-urban landscapes in the Tsitsa River catchment, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. We undertook macroinvertebrate and physicochemical analysis over four seasons between 2016 and 2017 at eight sites in three land-use categories (Sites 1, 2 and 3), representing an increasing gradient of semi-urban pollution. Five EPT FFGs (shredders, grazers/scrapers, predators, collector-gatherers and collector-filterers) were fuzzy coded and analyzed using RLQ-R (environmental characteristics of samples), L (taxa distribution across samples) and Q (species traits) and fourth-corner analyses. Physicochemical variables, including phosphate-phosphorus, total inorganic nitrogen and temperature, were the most influential variables that significantly influenced the distribution patterns of EPT FFGs in the Tsitsa River. RLQ and the fourth-corner model revealed varying responses of FFGs to semi-urban pollution. Of the five FFGs, collectors were the most abundant EPT FFGs in the study area, exhibiting disparate responses to disturbances, with collector-gatherers associated with impacted sites and significantly associated with phosphate-phosphorus. On the other hand, collector-filterers decreased with increasing semi-urban disturbance and exhibited a significant negative association with phosphate-phosphorus, total inorganic nitrogen and temperature. Overall, this study provides further insights into the environmental factors that influence the distribution patterns of FFGs in Afrotropical streams and the potential use of FFGs as indicators of anthropogenic pollution in tropical streams and rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Augustine Ovie Edegbene
- Institute for Water Research, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, Eastern Cape, South Africa,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Phindiwe Ntloko
- Institute for Water Research, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Francis Ofurum Arimoro
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Chika Felicitas Nnadozie
- Institute for Water Research, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Dennis Junior Choruma
- Institute for Water Research, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Oghenekaro Nelson Odume
- Institute for Water Research, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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Feio MJ, Hughes RM, Callisto M, Nichols SJ, Odume ON, Quintella BR, Kuemmerlen M, Aguiar FC, Almeida SF, Alonso-EguíaLis P, Arimoro FO, Dyer FJ, Harding JS, Jang S, Kaufmann PR, Lee S, Li J, Macedo DR, Mendes A, Mercado-Silva N, Monk W, Nakamura K, Ndiritu GG, Ogden R, Peat M, Reynoldson TB, Rios-Touma B, Segurado P, Yates AG. The Biological Assessment and Rehabilitation of the World's Rivers: An Overview. WATER 2021; 13:371. [PMID: 33868721 PMCID: PMC8048141 DOI: 10.3390/w13030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The biological assessment of rivers i.e., their assessment through use of aquatic assemblages, integrates the effects of multiple-stressors on these systems over time and is essential to evaluate ecosystem condition and establish recovery measures. It has been undertaken in many countries since the 1990s, but not globally. And where national or multi-national monitoring networks have gathered large amounts of data, the poor water body classifications have not necessarily resulted in the rehabilitation of rivers. Thus, here we aimed to identify major gaps in the biological assessment and rehabilitation of rivers worldwide by focusing on the best examples in Asia, Europe, Oceania, and North, Central, and South America. Our study showed that it is not possible so far to draw a world map of the ecological quality of rivers. Biological assessment of rivers and streams is only implemented officially nation-wide and regularly in the European Union, Japan, Republic of Korea, South Africa, and the USA. In Australia, Canada, China, New Zealand, and Singapore it has been implemented officially at the state/province level (in some cases using common protocols) or in major catchments or even only once at the national level to define reference conditions (Australia). In other cases, biological monitoring is driven by a specific problem, impact assessments, water licenses, or the need to rehabilitate a river or a river section (as in Brazil, South Korea, China, Canada, Japan, Australia). In some countries monitoring programs have only been explored by research teams mostly at the catchment or local level (e.g., Brazil, Mexico, Chile, China, India, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam) or implemented by citizen science groups (e.g., Southern Africa, Gambia, East Africa, Australia, Brazil, Canada). The existing large-extent assessments show a striking loss of biodiversity in the last 2-3 decades in Japanese and New Zealand rivers (e.g., 42% and 70% of fish species threatened or endangered, respectively). A poor condition (below Good condition) exists in 25% of South Korean rivers, half of the European water bodies, and 44% of USA rivers, while in Australia 30% of the reaches sampled were significantly impaired in 2006. Regarding river rehabilitation, the greatest implementation has occurred in North America, Australia, Northern Europe, Japan, Singapore, and the Republic of Korea. Most rehabilitation measures have been related to improving water quality and river connectivity for fish or the improvement of riparian vegetation. The limited extent of most rehabilitation measures (i.e., not considering the entire catchment) often constrains the improvement of biological condition. Yet, many rehabilitation projects also lack pre-and/or post-monitoring of ecological condition, which prevents assessing the success and shortcomings of the recovery measures. Economic constraints are the most cited limitation for implementing monitoring programs and rehabilitation actions, followed by technical limitations, limited knowledge of the fauna and flora and their life-history traits (especially in Africa, South America and Mexico), and poor awareness by decision-makers. On the other hand, citizen involvement is recognized as key to the success and sustainability of rehabilitation projects. Thus, establishing rehabilitation needs, defining clear goals, tracking progress towards achieving them, and involving local populations and stakeholders are key recommendations for rehabilitation projects (Table 1). Large-extent and long-term monitoring programs are also essential to provide a realistic overview of the condition of rivers worldwide. Soon, the use of DNA biological samples and eDNA to investigate aquatic diversity could contribute to reducing costs and thus increase monitoring efforts and a more complete assessment of biodiversity. Finally, we propose developing transcontinental teams to elaborate and improve technical guidelines for implementing biological monitoring programs and river rehabilitation and establishing common financial and technical frameworks for managing international catchments. We also recommend providing such expert teams through the United Nations Environment Program to aid the extension of biomonitoring, bioassessment, and river rehabilitation knowledge globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Feio
- Department of Life Sciences, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Robert M. Hughes
- Amnis Opes Institute, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
- Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Marcos Callisto
- Laboratory of Ecology of Benthos, Department of Genetic, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Susan J. Nichols
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, 2601 Canberra, Australia
| | - Oghenekaro N. Odume
- Unilever Centre for Environmental Water Quality, Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Bernardo R. Quintella
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Évora, 7000-812 Évora, Portugal
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mathias Kuemmerlen
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity Centre for the Environment, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Francisca C. Aguiar
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Salomé F.P. Almeida
- Department of Biology and GeoBioTec—GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering Research Centre, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Perla Alonso-EguíaLis
- Mexican Institute of Water Technology, Bioindicators Laboratory, Jiutepec Morelos 62550, Mexico
| | - Francis O. Arimoro
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology (Applied Hydrobiology Unit), Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65 Minna, Nigeria
| | - Fiona J. Dyer
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, 2601 Canberra, Australia
| | - Jon S. Harding
- School of Biologcal Sciences, University of Canterbury, 8140 Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sukhwan Jang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Daejin University, Hoguk-ro, Pocheon-si 1007, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Philip R. Kaufmann
- Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Samhee Lee
- Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), 283 Goyangdaero, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si 10223, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Diego R. Macedo
- Department of Geography, Geomorphology and Water Resources Laboratory, Institute of Geosciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Mendes
- MED—Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, LabOr—Laboratório de Ornitologia, Universidade de Évora, Polo da Mitra, 7002-774 Évora, Portugal
| | - Norman Mercado-Silva
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservacíon, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, 62209 Morelos, Mexico
| | - Wendy Monk
- Environment and Climate Change Canada and, Canadian Rivers Institute, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Keigo Nakamura
- Water Environment Research Group, Public Works Research Institute, 1-6 Minamihara, Tsukuba 305-8516, Japan
| | - George G. Ndiritu
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Karatina University, P.O. Box 1957, 10101 Karatina, Kenya
| | - Ralph Ogden
- Environment, Planning and Sustainable Development Directorate, 2601 Canberra, Australia
| | - Michael Peat
- Wetlands, Policy and Northern Water Use Branch, Commonwealth Environmental Water Office, 2601 Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Blanca Rios-Touma
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad de Las Américas, Vía Nayón S/N, 170503 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Pedro Segurado
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Adam G. Yates
- Department of Geography, Western University and Canadian Rivers Institute, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada
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