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Sun HC, Lai YH, Shyu JG, Perng YS. Application of frass from black soldier fly larvae treatment of cattle dung in pulp and papermaking. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2986. [PMID: 38316914 PMCID: PMC10844205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cattle dung treatments in Taiwan have developed a process called Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) treatment, which can digest cow dung and generate the frass (larvae drops), the residue fiber in cow dung. This study aims to assess frass for its potential in pulp and papermaking, considering its chemical compositions, appearance, and fiber morphology, and also evaluate its suitability for pulping by soda method to create added value. The frass exhibits favorable material properties for pulping and papermaking, including a high holocellulose (67.37%) and α-cellulose (48.00%) content, along with a lower ash content (4.61%); the microstructure and surface mesoporous pores benefit for pulping; and the nonwood-fiber-like fiber morphology. The pulping experiment shows that 7% NaOH and 75 min of pulping conditions result in proper disintegration of fiber, and the highest accepts ratio (34.06%). The NaOH causes fiber disintegration during pulping, resulting in a higher strength property of the handsheet. The frass pulp blended with TOCC can achieve the ring crush index standards required for cardboard products. In summary, the frass from BSFL treatment of cattle dung can be utilized in pulp and papermaking to enhance circular utilization value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Chen Sun
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Hsun Lai
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiann-Gwo Shyu
- Forest Products Utilization Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Taipei, 100051, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan-Shing Perng
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, ROC.
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Liu T, Klammsteiner T, Dregulo AM, Kumar V, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Awasthi MK. Black soldier fly larvae for organic manure recycling and its potential for a circular bioeconomy: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155122. [PMID: 35405225 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Livestock farming and its products provide a diverse range of benefits for our day-to-day life. However, the ever-increasing demand for farmed animals has raised concerns about waste management and its impact on the environment. Worldwide, cattle produce enormous amounts of manure, which is detrimental to soil properties if poorly managed. Waste management with insect larvae is considered one of the most efficient techniques for resource recovery from manure. In recent years, the use of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) for resource recovery has emerged as an effective method. Using BSFL has several advantages over traditional methods, as the larvae produce a safe compost and extract trace elements like Cu and Zn. This paper is a comprehensive review of the potential of BSFL for recycling organic wastes from livestock farming, manure bioconversion, parameters affecting the BSFL application on organic farming, and process performance of biomolecule degradation. The last part discusses the economic feasibility, lifecycle assessment, and circular bioeconomy of the BSFL in manure recycling. Moreover, it discusses the future perspectives associated with the application of BSFL. Specifically, this review discusses BSFL cultivation and its impact on the larvae's physiology, gut biochemical physiology, gut microbes and metabolic pathways, nutrient conservation and global warming potential, microbial decomposition of organic nutrients, total and pathogenic microbial dynamics, and recycling of rearing residues as fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Thomas Klammsteiner
- Department of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrei Mikhailovich Dregulo
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Saint-Petersburg State University" 7-9 Universitetskaya emb., 199034, Saint- Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Yuwen Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
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Jin N, Liu Y, Zhang S, Sun S, Wu M, Dong X, Tong H, Xu J, Zhou H, Guan S, Xu W. C/N-Dependent Element Bioconversion Efficiency and Antimicrobial Protein Expression in Food Waste Treatment by Black Soldier Fly Larvae. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095036. [PMID: 35563424 PMCID: PMC9104233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, has emerged as a promising species for waste bioconversion and source of antimicrobial proteins (AMPs). However, there is a scarcity of research on the element transformation efficiency and molecular characterization of AMPs derived from waste management. Here, food waste treatment was performed using BSF larvae (BSFL) in a C/N ratio of 21:1−10:1, with a focus on the C/N-dependent element bioconversion, AMP antimicrobial activity, and transcriptome profiling. The C-larvae transformation rates were found to be similar among C/Ns (27.0−35.5%, p = 0.109), while the N-larvae rates were different (p = 0.001), with C/N 21:1−16:1 (63.5−75.0%) being higher than C/N 14:1−10:1 (35.0−45.7%). The C/N ratio did not alter the antimicrobial spectrum of AMPs, but did affect the activities, with C/N 21:1 being significantly lower than C/N 18:1−10:1. The lysozyme genes were found to be significantly more highly expressed than the cecropin, defensin, and attacin genes in the AMP gene family. Out of 51 lysozyme genes, C/N 18:1 and C/N 16:1 up-regulated (p < 0.05) 14 and 12 genes compared with C/N 21:1, respectively, corresponding to the higher activity of AMPs. Overall, the element bioconversion efficiency and AMP expression can be enhanced through C/N ratio manipulation, and the C/N-dependent transcriptome regulation is the driving force of the AMP difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jin
- School of Ocean Science and Technology & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (N.J.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yanxia Liu
- School of Ocean Science and Technology & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (N.J.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Shouyu Zhang
- School of Ocean Science and Technology & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (N.J.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Shibo Sun
- School of Life Science and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (S.S.); (J.X.)
| | - Minghuo Wu
- School of Ocean Science and Technology & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (N.J.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education China, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaoying Dong
- School of Ocean Science and Technology & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (N.J.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huiyan Tong
- School of Ocean Science and Technology & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (N.J.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- School of Life Science and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (S.S.); (J.X.)
| | - Hao Zhou
- School of Ocean Science and Technology & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (N.J.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education China, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shui Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
| | - Weiping Xu
- School of Ocean Science and Technology & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China; (N.J.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (H.T.); (H.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education China, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Correspondence:
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