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Harmesa H, Lestari L, Budiyanto F, Purbonegoro T, Wahyudi AJ. Preliminary study of geochemical speciation of copper and nickel in coastal sediments in Surabaya, Indonesia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27711-w. [PMID: 37231129 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27711-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Surabaya is one of the big coastal cities in Indonesia with rapid municipal development. Thus, the investigation on the metal's geochemical speciation in the coastal sediment is required to assess the environmental quality by studying their mobility, bioavailability, and toxicity. This study is aimed at evaluating the condition of the Surabaya coast by assessing copper and nickel fractionations and total concentrations of both metals in sediments. Environmental assessments were performed by using geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), and pollution load index (PLI) for existing total heavy metal data and by using individual contamination factor (ICF) and risk assessment code (RAC) for metal fractionations. Copper speciation was observed geochemically in the fraction order of residual (9.21 - 40.08 mg/kg) > reducible (2.33 - 11.98 mg/kg) > oxidizable (0.75 - 22.71 mg/kg) > exchangeable (0.40 - 2.06 mg/kg), while the detected fraction order of nickel was residual (5.16 - 13.88 mg/kg) > exchangeable (2.33 - 5.95 mg/kg) > reducible (1.42 - 4.74 mg/kg) > oxidizable (1.62 - 3.88 mg/kg). Different fraction levels were found for nickel speciation wherein its exchangeable fraction was higher than copper, even though the residual fraction was dominant for both copper and nickel. The total metal concentrations of copper and nickel were found in the range of 13.5 - 66.1 mg/kg dry weight and 12.7 - 24.7 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Despite the fact that almost all index values are detected low through total metal assessment, the port area is indicated to be in the moderate contamination category for copper. Through the assessment of metal fractionation, copper is classified into the low contamination and low-risk category, while nickel is categorized into the moderate contamination level and medium risk to the aquatic environment. Although the coast of Surabaya generally remains in the safe category for living habitat, certain sites had relatively high metal concentrations estimated to have originated from anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmesa Harmesa
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia.
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia.
| | - Lestari Lestari
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
| | - Fitri Budiyanto
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
| | - Triyoni Purbonegoro
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
| | - A'an Johan Wahyudi
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
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Wahyudi AJ, Taufiqurrahman E. Variability of trace metals in coastal and estuary: Distribution, profile, and drivers. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 174:113173. [PMID: 34875477 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing global changes such as increasing sea-surface temperatures, decreasing acidity levels, and expanding oxygen-minimum zone may impact on the biogeochemical cycles of trace metals in ocean systems. Each trace metal has unique characteristics and a distinctive distribution pattern controlled by chemical, biological, and physical processes that occur in ocean systems. The correlations of variability drivers in trace metals are interesting topics for investigation. Following up on ocean research in the coastal and estuary area, we specifically review the distribution of trace metals in seawater and suspended and surface sediment. The marginal seas usually feature significant terrestrial inputs accompanied by several active water-mass currents. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of variability related to trace-metal distribution in coastal and estuary systems and to specifically describe the distribution, profile and drivers that affect trace metals variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A'an Johan Wahyudi
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Edwards Taufiqurrahman
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta, Indonesia
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