1
|
Băncilă RI, Stănescu F, Plăiaşu R, Nae I, Székely D, Vlad SE, Cogălniceanu D. Food and light availability induce plastic responses in fire salamander larvae from contrasting environments. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16046. [PMID: 37810773 PMCID: PMC10559897 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity has been proposed as a mechanism facilitating the colonisation and adaptation to novel environments, such as caves. However, phenotypic plasticity in subterranean environments remains largely unexplored. Here, we test for plasticity in growth and development of fire salamander larvae (Salamandra salamandra) from subterranean and surface habitats, in response to contrasting food availability and light conditions. We hypothesized that: (i) low food availability and absence of light decrease larval growth and delay metamorphosis, (ii) light conditions mediate the effects of food availability on growth and time to metamorphosis, and (iii) larval response to contrasting light and food conditions is shaped by the habitat of origin. Our study showed that reduced food availability significantly delayed metamorphosis and slowed total length and body mass growth rates, while exposure to constant darkness slowed body mass growth rate. However, larvae slowed growth rates and increased time to metamorphosis without compromising size at metamorphosis. The effect of food availability on growth and time to metamorphosis did not change under different light conditions. Fire salamanders from subterranean and surface habitats responded differently only in relation to contrasting food availability conditions. Specifically, larvae from the surface habitat grew faster in high food conditions, while growth in larvae from the subterranean habitat was not influenced by food availability. Initial size also appeared to be an influential factor, since larger and heavier larvae grew slower, metamorphosed faster, and the size advantage was maintained in newly-metamorphosed juveniles. Overall, the results of our experiment suggest that plasticity and local adaptation favor the exploitation of aquatic subterranean habitats for breeding by fire salamanders, allowing successful development even under food shortage and day-length constraints, without compromising metamorphic size. Our findings have implications for conservation because they confirm that phenotypic plasticity plays a critical role in allowing fire salamanders to overcome altered environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Ioana Băncilă
- “Emil Racoviţă” Institute of Speleology of Romanian Academy of Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Ovidius University Constanţa, Constanţa, Romania
| | - Florina Stănescu
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Ovidius University Constanţa, Constanţa, Romania
- Black Sea Institute for Development and Security Studies, Ovidius University Constanţa, Constanţa, Romania
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology, Ovidius University Constanţa, Constanţa, Romania
| | - Rodica Plăiaşu
- “Emil Racoviţă” Institute of Speleology of Romanian Academy of Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Nae
- “Emil Racoviţă” Institute of Speleology of Romanian Academy of Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Székely
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Ovidius University Constanţa, Constanţa, Romania
- Museo de Zoología, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Laboratorio de Ecología Tropical y Servicios Ecosistémicos (EcoSs-Lab), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Sabina E. Vlad
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Ovidius University Constanţa, Constanţa, Romania
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology, Ovidius University Constanţa, Constanţa, Romania
- Chelonia Romania, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Cogălniceanu
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Ovidius University Constanţa, Constanţa, Romania
- Chelonia Romania, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Iwai N, Tachiki Y. Species-specific model to predict amphibian metamorphosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16503. [PMID: 37783741 PMCID: PMC10545764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43639-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring the timing of life-history transitions has been a pivotal focus in the field of evolutionary ecology. Studies on amphibian metamorphosis are well suited to investigate this aspect. We propose a species-specific model to predict the optimal metamorphosis point for frog individuals with different larval growth trajectories. Because overall fitness will be determined throughout both aquatic and terrestrial stages, we included growth and survival rates of aquatic and terrestrial stages in the fitness equation. Then we conducted a rearing experiment on a brown frog, Rana ornativentris, as an example to obtain the size at metamorphosis, larval period, and larval growth trajectory. Based on these results, we determined the model's parameters to fit the actual metamorphosis patterns. Because the parameters are supposed to be evolutionarily maintained, our data-driven approach enabled obtaining fundamental ecological information (evolutionally-based life-history parameters) of the target species. Comparing the parameters among species will allow us to understand the mechanisms in determining life-history transition more deeply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Iwai
- Department of Environment Conservation, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-0054, Japan.
| | - Yuuya Tachiki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1, Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nolan N, Hayward MW, Klop-Toker K, Mahony M, Lemckert F, Callen A. Complex Organisms Must Deal with Complex Threats: How Does Amphibian Conservation Deal with Biphasic Life Cycles? Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1634. [PMID: 37238064 PMCID: PMC10215276 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented rate of global amphibian decline is attributed to The Anthropocene, with human actions triggering the Sixth Mass Extinction Event. Amphibians have suffered some of the most extreme declines, and their lack of response to conservation actions may reflect challenges faced by taxa that exhibit biphasic life histories. There is an urgent need to ensure that conservation measures are cost-effective and yield positive outcomes. Many conservation actions have failed to meet their intended goals of bolstering populations to ensure the persistence of species into the future. We suggest that past conservation efforts have not considered how different threats influence multiple life stages of amphibians, potentially leading to suboptimal outcomes for their conservation. Our review highlights the multitude of threats amphibians face at each life stage and the conservation actions used to mitigate these threats. We also draw attention to the paucity of studies that have employed multiple actions across more than one life stage. Conservation programs for biphasic amphibians, and the research that guides them, lack a multi-pronged approach to deal with multiple threats across the lifecycle. Conservation management programs must recognise the changing threat landscape for biphasic amphibians to reduce their notoriety as the most threatened vertebrate taxa globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Nolan
- Conservation Science Research Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (M.W.H.); (K.K.-T.); (M.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Matthew W. Hayward
- Conservation Science Research Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (M.W.H.); (K.K.-T.); (M.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Kaya Klop-Toker
- Conservation Science Research Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (M.W.H.); (K.K.-T.); (M.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Michael Mahony
- Conservation Science Research Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (M.W.H.); (K.K.-T.); (M.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Frank Lemckert
- Eco Logical Australia Pty Ltd., Perth, WA 6000, Australia;
| | - Alex Callen
- Conservation Science Research Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (M.W.H.); (K.K.-T.); (M.M.); (A.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carroll CM, Saenz D, Rudolf VHW. Tracking phenological distributions and interaction potential across life stages. OIKOS 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
|
5
|
Does Exposure to Predator Cues Influence Movement Behavior of Postmetamorphic Juvenile Rana aurora? J HERPETOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1670/21-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
6
|
Carter SK, Rudolf VH. Exploring conditions that strengthen or weaken the ecological and evolutionary consequences of phenological synchrony. Am Nat 2022; 200:E189-E206. [DOI: 10.1086/720899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
7
|
Should I stay or should I go: the effect of avian brood parasitism on host fledging dynamics. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-022-03168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
8
|
Sinai N, Glos J, Mohan AV, Lyra ML, Riepe M, Thöle E, Zummach C, Ruthsatz K. Developmental plasticity in amphibian larvae across the world: Investigating the roles of temperature and latitude. J Therm Biol 2022; 106:103233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
9
|
Brooks GC, Kindsvater HK. Early Development Drives Variation in Amphibian Vulnerability to Global Change. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.813414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how natural selection determines species’ life histories can reveal their resilience or sensitivity to anthropogenic changes. For example, the safe harbor hypothesis posits that natural selection will favor life histories that maximize the time spent in the safest life stages; a second theoretical prediction suggests that species with complex life histories will maximize the growth potential of a life stage relative to its safety. Amphibians exhibit complex life histories, with a diversity of developmental strategies occurring across taxa. Many strategies involve the complete elimination of a particular life stage, and thus provide an excellent opportunity to evaluate the main tenets of the safe harbor hypothesis and understand the consequences of this developmental variation for conservation of threatened amphibians. We develop a general framework for understanding developmental life histories of amphibians – including the special cases of paedomorphism, direct development, and viviparity – based on the relative growth potential and safety offered by aquatic and terrestrial habitat, which we tested using a global trait database. We then compare the IUCN Red List status of species differing in developmental mode, revealing that most fully aquatic species and species with an aquatic larval stage are currently of Least Concern, despite the fact that freshwater habitats are being lost at a much faster rate compared with terrestrial ecosystems. The higher proportion of direct developing and viviparous species that are threatened can be attributed to their smaller ranges, the fact that they are more likely to be found in rainforest habitats, and their relatively slow life histories. We conclude that an amphibian’s developmental mode reflects the relative costs and benefits of different habitats, and that this could contribute to the resilience or vulnerability of amphibians to future anthropogenic change.
Collapse
|
10
|
The evolution of developmental thresholds and reaction norms for age and size at maturity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2017185118. [PMID: 33558235 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017185118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing organisms typically mature earlier and at larger sizes in favorable growth conditions, while in rarer cases, maturity is delayed. The rarer reaction norm is easily accommodated by general life history models, whereas the common pattern is not. Theory suggests that a solution to this paradox lies in the existence of critical size thresholds at which maturation or metamorphosis can commence, and in the evolution of these threshold sizes in response to environmental variation. For example, ephemeral environments might favor the evolution of smaller thresholds, enabling earlier maturation. The threshold model makes two unique and untested predictions. First, reaction norms for age and size should steepen, and even change sign, with decreases in threshold size; second, food reductions at sizes below the threshold should delay maturation, while those occurring after the threshold should accelerate maturation. We test these predictions through food manipulations in five damselfly species that theory suggests should differ in threshold size. The results provide strong support for the threshold model's predictions. In all species, early food reductions delayed maturation, while late reductions accelerated maturation. Reaction norms were steeper, and the effect of food reductions changed from decelerating to accelerating at a much smaller size in species from ephemeral habitats. These results support the view that developmental thresholds can account for the widespread observation of negative correlations between age and size at maturity. Moreover, evolution of the threshold appears to be both predictable and central to the observed diversity of reaction norms for age and size at maturity.
Collapse
|
11
|
Dyck A, Robinson SA, Young SD, Renaud JB, Sabourin L, Lapen DR, Pick FR. The Effects of Ditch Management in Agroecosystems on Embryonic and Tadpole Survival, Growth, and Development of Northern Leopard Frogs (Lithobates pipiens). ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 81:107-122. [PMID: 33944964 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural drainage ditches help remove excess water from fields and provide habitat for wildlife. Drainage ditch management, which includes various forms of vegetation clearing and sediment dredging, can variably affect the ecological function of these systems. To determine whether ditch conditions following dredging/vegetation clearing management affected the survival, growth, and development of embryos and tadpoles of northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens), we conducted three field studies using in situ cages over 2 years. We measured nutrients, pesticides, and other water quality properties in vegetated/unmanaged (i.e., no clearing or dredging) and newly cleared/dredged (i.e., treeless, then dredged), clay-bottomed drainage ditches in a river basin in Eastern Ontario, Canada. Nutrients, atrazine, and total neonicotinoid concentrations were generally lower at the cleared/dredged sites, whereas glyphosate was at higher concentrations. In contrast, water-quality variables measured in situ, particularly temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity, tended to be higher in the cleared/dredged sites. Total phosphorous and total organic carbon concentrations at all sites were above the recommended limits for amphibian assays. No significant differences were detected in the survival, hatching success, or development of embryos among the ditch management treatments, but premature hatching was observed at one vegetated/unmanaged site where high specific conductivity may have been formative. We found the cleared/dredged sites supported earlier tadpole growth and development, likely as a result of the higher water temperatures. Increased temperature may have offset other growth/development stressors, such as those related to water chemistry. However, the long-term consequences of these differences on amphibian populations requires further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber Dyck
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stacey A Robinson
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada.
| | - Sarah D Young
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Justin B Renaud
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lyne Sabourin
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
| | - David R Lapen
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Frances R Pick
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Parental benefits and offspring costs reflect parent-offspring conflict over the age of fledging among songbirds. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:30539-30546. [PMID: 33199602 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008955117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parent-offspring conflict has explained a variety of ecological phenomena across animal taxa, but its role in mediating when songbirds fledge remains controversial. Specifically, ecologists have long debated the influence of songbird parents on the age of fledging: Do parents manipulate offspring into fledging to optimize their own fitness or do offspring choose when to leave? To provide greater insight into parent-offspring conflict over fledging age in songbirds, we compared nesting and postfledging survival rates across 18 species from eight studies in the continental United States. For 12 species (67%), we found that fledging transitions offspring from comparatively safe nesting environments to more dangerous postfledging ones, resulting in a postfledging bottleneck. This raises an important question: as past research shows that offspring would benefit-improve postfledging survival-by staying in the nest longer: Why then do they fledge so early? Our findings suggest that parents manipulate offspring into fledging early for their own benefit, but at the cost of survival for each individual offspring, reflecting parent-offspring conflict. Early fledging incurred, on average, a 13.6% postfledging survival cost for each individual offspring, but parents benefitted through a 14.0% increase in the likelihood of raising at least one offspring to independence. These parental benefits were uneven across species-driven by an interaction between nest mortality risk and brood size-and predicted the age of fledging among species. Collectively, our results suggest that parent-offspring conflict and associated parental benefits explain variation in fledging age among songbird species and why postfledging bottlenecks occur.
Collapse
|
13
|
Burraco P, Laurila A, Orizaola G. Limits to compensatory responses to altered phenology in amphibian larvae. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Burraco
- Inst. of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Univ. of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Anssi Laurila
- Animal Ecology, Dept. Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala Univ. Uppsala Sweden
| | - Germán Orizaola
- Animal Ecology, Dept. Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala Univ. Uppsala Sweden
- IMIB‐Biodiversity Research Inst., Univ. Oviedo‐CSIC‐Principado Asturias Mieres‐Asturias Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ruthsatz K, Dausmann KH, Drees C, Becker LI, Hartmann L, Reese J, Reinhardt S, Robinson T, Sabatino NM, Peck MA, Glos J. Altered thyroid hormone levels affect the capacity for temperature-induced developmental plasticity in larvae of Rana temporaria and Xenopus laevis. J Therm Biol 2020; 90:102599. [PMID: 32479394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anuran larvae show phenotypic plasticity in age and size at metamorphosis as a response to temperature variation. The capacity for temperature-induced developmental plasticity is determined by the thermal adaptation of a population. Multiple factors such as physiological responses to changing environmental conditions, however, might influence this capacity as well. In anuran larvae, thyroid hormone (TH) levels control growth and developmental rate and changes in TH status are a well-known stress response to sub-optimal environmental conditions. We investigated how chemically altered TH levels affect the capacity to exhibit temperature-induced developmental plasticity in larvae of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) and the common frog (Rana temporaria). In both species, TH level influenced growth and developmental rate and modified the capacity for temperature-induced developmental plasticity. High TH levels reduced thermal sensitivity of metamorphic traits up to 57% (R. temporaria) and 36% (X. laevis). Rates of growth and development were more plastic in response to temperature in X. laevis (+30%) than in R. temporaria (+6%). Plasticity in rates of growth and development is beneficial to larvae in heterogeneous habitats as it allows a more rapid transition into the juvenile stage where rates of mortality are lower. Therefore, environmental stressors that increase endogenous TH levels and reduce temperature-dependent plasticity may increase risks and the vulnerability of anuran larvae. As TH status also influences metabolism, future studies should investigate whether reductions in physiological plasticity also increases the vulnerability of tadpoles to global change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ruthsatz
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Kathrin H Dausmann
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Claudia Drees
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Laura I Becker
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Lisa Hartmann
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Janica Reese
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Steffen Reinhardt
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tom Robinson
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Nikita M Sabatino
- Department of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Ulmenliet 20, 21033 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Myron A Peck
- Institute of Marine Ecosystems and Fisheries Science, University of Hamburg, Große Elbstrasse 133, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Julian Glos
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Székely D, Cogălniceanu D, Székely P, Armijos-Ojeda D, Espinosa-Mogrovejo V, Denoël M. How to recover from a bad start: size at metamorphosis affects growth and survival in a tropical amphibian. BMC Ecol 2020; 20:24. [PMID: 32316956 PMCID: PMC7175581 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-020-00291-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In species with complex life cycles, size at metamorphosis is a key life-history trait which reflects the complex interactions between costs and benefits of life in the aquatic and terrestrial environments. Whereas the effects of a deteriorating larval habitat (e.g. pond desiccation) on triggering an early metamorphosis have been extensively investigated in amphibians, the consequences of the resulting reduced size at metamorphosis on fitness in the post-metamorphic terrestrial stage remain poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that a smaller size at metamorphosis negatively affects performance and survival in the ensuing terrestrial stage. Using as model a tropical amphibian (Ceratophrys stolzmanni) showing a large phenotypic plasticity in metamorphosing traits, we evaluated the effects of size at metamorphosis on fitness-related trophic and locomotor performance traits, as well as on growth and survival rates. Results Our results support the hypothesis that a larger size at metamorphosis is correlated with better survival and performance. The survival rate of large metamorphosing individuals was 95%, compared to 60% for those completing metamorphosis at a small size. Locomotor performance and gape size were positively correlated with body size, larger animals being more mobile and capable to ingest larger prey. However, smaller individuals achieved higher growth rates, thus reducing the size gap. Conclusions Overall, size at metamorphosis affected profoundly the chances of survival in the short term, but smaller surviving individuals partly compensated their initial disadvantages by increasing growth rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Székely
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, EcoSs Lab, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador.,Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Ovidius University Constanța, Constanța, Romania.,Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Amphibians (LECA), Freshwater and OCeanic Science Unit of ReSearch (FOCUS), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Dan Cogălniceanu
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Ovidius University Constanța, Constanța, Romania. .,Asociation Chelonia, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Paul Székely
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, EcoSs Lab, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador.,Asociation Chelonia, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diego Armijos-Ojeda
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, EcoSs Lab, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador.,Programa de Doctorado en Conservación de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | | | - Mathieu Denoël
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Amphibians (LECA), Freshwater and OCeanic Science Unit of ReSearch (FOCUS), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Thambirajah AA, Koide EM, Imbery JJ, Helbing CC. Contaminant and Environmental Influences on Thyroid Hormone Action in Amphibian Metamorphosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:276. [PMID: 31156547 PMCID: PMC6530347 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquatic and terrestrial environments are increasingly contaminated by anthropogenic sources that include pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and industrial and agricultural chemicals (i. e., pesticides). Many of these substances have the potential to disrupt endocrine function, yet their effect on thyroid hormone (TH) action has garnered relatively little attention. Anuran postembryonic metamorphosis is strictly dependent on TH and perturbation of this process can serve as a sensitive barometer for the detection and mechanistic elucidation of TH disrupting activities of chemical contaminants and their complex mixtures. The ecological threats posed by these contaminants are further exacerbated by changing environmental conditions such as temperature, photoperiod, pond drying, food restriction, and ultraviolet radiation. We review the current knowledge of several chemical and environmental factors that disrupt TH-dependent metamorphosis in amphibian tadpoles as assessed by morphological, thyroid histology, behavioral, and molecular endpoints. Although the molecular mechanisms for TH disruption have yet to be determined for many chemical and environmental factors, several affect TH synthesis, transport or metabolism with subsequent downstream effects. As molecular dysfunction typically precedes phenotypic or histological pathologies, sensitive assays that detect changes in transcript, protein, or metabolite abundance are indispensable for the timely detection of TH disruption. The emergence and application of 'omics techniques-genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics-on metamorphosing tadpoles are powerful emerging assets for the rapid, proxy assessment of toxicant or environmental damage for all vertebrates including humans. Moreover, these highly informative 'omics techniques will complement morphological, behavioral, and histological assessments, thereby providing a comprehensive understanding of how TH-dependent signal disruption is propagated by environmental contaminants and factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Caren C. Helbing
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dittrich C, Huster J, Rödel M, Feldhaar H. Matriline effects on metamorphic traits in a natural system in the European common frog ( Rana temporaria). Ecol Evol 2019; 9:3075-3088. [PMID: 30962882 PMCID: PMC6434577 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful reproduction is an important determinant of the fitness of an individual and of the dynamics of populations. Offspring of the European common frog (Rana temporaria) exhibit a high degree of variability in metamorphic traits. However, environmental factors alone cannot explain this phenotypic variability, and the influence of genetic factors remains to be determined. Here, we tested whether the maternal genotype influences developmental time, body size, and body condition of offspring in a forest pond in Germany. We collected fertilized eggs from all 57 clutches deposited in the pond. We used multilocus genotypes based on seven microsatellite loci to assign metamorphosed offspring to mothers and to determine the number of fathers for a single matriline. We tested the influence of genetic effects in the same environment by comparing variability of metamorphic traits within and between full-sib offspring grouped to matrilines and tested whether multiple paternity increases the variability of metamorphic traits in a single matriline. The variability in size and body condition was higher within matrilines than between them, which indicates that these traits are more strongly influenced by environmental effects, which are counteracting underlying genetic effects. The developmental time varied considerably between matrilines and variability increased with the effective number of fathers, suggesting an additive genetic effect of multiple paternity. Our results show that metamorphic traits are shaped by environmental as well as genetic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Dittrich
- Museum für NaturkundeLeibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity ScienceBerlinGermany
| | - Juliane Huster
- Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER)University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Mark‐Oliver Rödel
- Museum für NaturkundeLeibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity ScienceBerlinGermany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB)BerlinGermany
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER)University of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ruthsatz K, Peck MA, Dausmann KH, Sabatino NM, Glos J. Patterns of temperature induced developmental plasticity in anuran larvae. J Therm Biol 2018; 74:123-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
19
|
Awkerman JA, Raimondo S. Simulated developmental and reproductive impacts on amphibian populations and implications for assessing long-term effects. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 149:233-240. [PMID: 29182969 PMCID: PMC5946690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fish endpoints measured in early life stage toxicity tests are often used as representative of larval amphibian sensitivity in Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA). This application potentially overlooks the impact of developmental delays on amphibian metamorphosis, and thereby reduced survival, in amphibian populations constrained by habitat availability. Likewise, the effects of reduced productivity or altered sexual development as a result of chemical exposure are not presented in terms of lower population fecundity in these surrogate tests. Translating endpoints measured in toxicity tests to those that are more representative of amphibian ecology and population dynamics provides a means of identifying how developmental effects result in long-term impacts. Here we compare effects of developmental delay on metamorphosis success in six anuran species and simulate population-level impacts of subsequent reductions in larval survival as well as potential reductions in fecundity as a result of developmental impacts. We use deterministic matrix models to compare realistic combinations of amphibian demographic rates and relative impacts of reduced growth on larval survival and subsequently on population growth. Developmental delays are less detrimental in species with longer and less synchronous larval periods. All six species were most sensitive to changes in first-year survival, and damping ratios were generally a good indicator of resilience to perturbations in both larval survival and fecundity. Further identification of species and population-level vulnerabilities can improve the evaluation of sublethal effects in relevant context for ERA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Awkerman
- Gulf Ecology Division, EPA, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA.
| | - Sandy Raimondo
- Gulf Ecology Division, EPA, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Székely D, Denoël M, Székely P, Cogălniceanu D. Pond drying cues and their effects on growth and metamorphosis in a fast developing amphibian. J Zool (1987) 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Székely
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences; Ovidius University Constanța; Constanța Romania
- Laboratory of Fish and Amphibian Ethology; Behavioural Biology Unit; Freshwater and Oceanic Science Unit of Research (FOCUS); University of Liège; Liège Belgium
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja; Loja Ecuador
| | - M. Denoël
- Laboratory of Fish and Amphibian Ethology; Behavioural Biology Unit; Freshwater and Oceanic Science Unit of Research (FOCUS); University of Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - P. Székely
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja; Loja Ecuador
- Asociación Chelonia; Bucureşti Romania
| | - D. Cogălniceanu
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences; Ovidius University Constanța; Constanța Romania
- Asociación Chelonia; Bucureşti Romania
- CITIAB; Ciudadela Universitaria La Argelia; Universidad Nacional de Loja; Loja Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
SUMMARYComplex life cycles are common in free-living and parasitic organisms alike. The adaptive decoupling hypothesis postulates that separate life cycle stages have a degree of developmental and genetic autonomy, allowing them to be independently optimized for dissimilar, competing tasks. That is, complex life cycles evolved to facilitate functional specialization. Here, I review the connections between the different stages in parasite life cycles. I first examine evolutionary connections between life stages, such as the genetic coupling of parasite performance in consecutive hosts, the interspecific correlations between traits expressed in different hosts, and the developmental and functional obstacles to stage loss. Then, I evaluate how environmental factors link life stages through carryover effects, where stressful larval conditions impact parasites even after transmission to a new host. There is evidence for both autonomy and integration across stages, so the relevant question becomes how integrated are parasite life cycles and through what mechanisms? By highlighting how genetics, development, selection and the environment can lead to interdependencies among successive life stages, I wish to promote a holistic approach to studying complex life cycle parasites and emphasize that what happens in one stage is potentially highly relevant for later stages.
Collapse
|
22
|
Palomar G, Bosch J, Cano JM. Heritability of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis burden and its genetic correlation with development time in a population of Common toad (Bufo spinosus). Evolution 2016; 70:2346-2356. [PMID: 27480345 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite the important threat that emerging pathogens pose for the conservation of biodiversity as well as human health, very little is known about the adaptive potential of host species to withstand infections. We studied the quantitative genetic architecture responsible for the burden of the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in a population of common toads in conjunction with other life-history traits (i.e., body size and development rate) that may be affected by common selective pressures. We found a significant heritable component that is associated with fungal burden, which may allow for local adaptation to this pathogen to proceed. In addition, the high genetic correlation found between fungal burden and development time suggests that both traits have to be taken into account in order to assess the adaptive response of host populations to this emerging pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Palomar
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO-CSIC-PA), Edificio de Investigación, Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós s/n, 33600, Mieres, Spain. .,Department of Biology of Organisms and Systems, University of Oviedo, Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Jaime Bosch
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación, Seguimiento y Evaluación, Parque Nacional de la Sierra de Guadarrama, Cta. M-604, Km. 27.6, 28740, Rascafría, Spain
| | - José Manuel Cano
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO-CSIC-PA), Edificio de Investigación, Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós s/n, 33600, Mieres, Spain.,Department of Biology of Organisms and Systems, University of Oviedo, Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Amburgey SM, Murphy M, Chris Funk W. Phenotypic plasticity in developmental rate is insufficient to offset high tadpole mortality in rapidly drying ponds. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Amburgey
- Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - M. Murphy
- Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - W. Chris Funk
- Department of Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Polo-Cavia N, Boyero L, Martín-Beyer B, Barmuta LA, Bosch J. Joint effects of rising temperature and the presence of introduced predatory fish on montane amphibian populations. Anim Conserv 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Polo-Cavia
- Department of Biology; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - L. Boyero
- Faculty of Science and Technology; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); Bilbao Spain
- IKERBASQUE; Basque Foundation for Science; Bilbao Spain
- College of Science and Engineering; James Cook University; Townsville Qld Australia
| | - B. Martín-Beyer
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC; Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación, Seguimiento y Evaluación; Parque Nacional de la Sierra de Guadarrama; Rascafría Spain
| | - L. A. Barmuta
- Freshwater Ecology Group; School of Biological Sciences; University of Tasmania; Hobart Tas. Australia
| | - J. Bosch
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC; Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación, Seguimiento y Evaluación; Parque Nacional de la Sierra de Guadarrama; Rascafría Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dittrich C, Drakulić S, Schellenberg M, Thein J, Rödel MO. Some like it hot? Developmental differences in Yellow-bellied Toad (Bombina variegata) tadpoles from geographically close but different habitats. CAN J ZOOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2015-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The key for the long-term survival of species is their potential to respond to changing conditions. These reactions are usually species-specific and may vary between populations. The Yellow-bellied Toad (Bombina variegata (L., 1758)) occurs in forested and open areas. We wanted to know whether tadpoles react plastically to different environmental conditions, and if so, whether reaction norms are species, population, or season specific. In a common garden experiment, we compared developmental traits (developmental time, size, body condition) of metamorphs from different habitats (forest vs. quarry) in close geographic proximity. Tadpoles from both habitats grew up under shaded and sunny conditions. The experiments were run during early and late breeding season. We detected different developmental strategies between populations, concerning treatments and season on a microgeographic scale. Tadpoles with quarry origin developed faster and reached larger body sizes, at the expense of lower body condition. Major risks affecting tadpole’s survival in the open habitat are high temperatures and high desiccation. Forest tadpoles were comparatively smaller in size, but showed higher plasticity and higher body condition. Under changing climatic conditions, quarry population may reach temperatures above their thermal limits. In contrast, forest conditions may mitigate increasing temperatures. Forest populations could be better adapted to future climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Dittrich
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Drakulić
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Schellenberg
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Institute of Ecology, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - J. Thein
- Büro für Faunistik und Umweltbildung, Martin-Luther-Strasse 4, 97437 Haßfurt, Germany
| | - M.-O. Rödel
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Blomquist SM, Hunter ML. A multi-scale assessment of amphibian habitat selection: Wood frog response to timber harvesting. ECOSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.2980/17-3-3316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
27
|
Feldmeyer B, Greshake B, Funke E, Ebersberger I, Pfenninger M. Positive selection in development and growth rate regulation genes involved in species divergence of the genus Radix. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:164. [PMID: 26281847 PMCID: PMC4539673 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Life history traits like developmental time, age and size at maturity are directly related to fitness in all organisms and play a major role in adaptive evolution and speciation processes. Comparative genomic or transcriptomic approaches to identify positively selected genes involved in species divergence can help to generate hypotheses on the driving forces behind speciation. Here we use a bottom-up approach to investigate this hypothesis by comparative analysis of orthologous transcripts of four closely related European Radix species. Results Snails of the genus Radix occupy species specific distribution ranges with distinct climatic niches, indicating a potential for natural selection driven speciation based on ecological niche differentiation. We then inferred phylogenetic relationships among the four Radix species based on whole mt-genomes plus 23 nuclear loci. Three different tests to infer selection and changes in amino acid properties yielded a total of 134 genes with signatures of positive selection. The majority of these genes belonged to the functional gene ontology categories “reproduction” and “genitalia” with an overrepresentation of the functions “development” and “growth rate”. Conclusions We show here that Radix species divergence may be primarily enforced by selection on life history traits such as (larval-) development and growth rate. We thus hypothesise that life history differences may confer advantages under the according climate regimes, e.g., species occupying warmer and dryer habitats might have a fitness advantage with fast developing susceptible life stages, which are more tolerant to habitat desiccation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0434-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Feldmeyer
- Molecular Ecology Group, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, Frankfurt am Main, 60325, Germany. .,Evolutionary Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Müllerweg 6, Mainz, 55099, Germany.
| | - Bastian Greshake
- Molecular Ecology Group, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, Frankfurt am Main, 60325, Germany. .,Applied Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt, Maxvon-Laue Str. 13, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Funke
- Molecular Ecology Group, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, Frankfurt am Main, 60325, Germany.
| | - Ingo Ebersberger
- Applied Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt, Maxvon-Laue Str. 13, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany.
| | - Markus Pfenninger
- Molecular Ecology Group, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, Frankfurt am Main, 60325, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Stechert C, Kolb M, Rödel MO, Bahadir M. Effects of insecticide formulations used in cotton cultivation in West Africa on the development of flat-backed toad tadpoles (Amietophrynus maculatus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:2574-2583. [PMID: 25192667 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the West African savanna zone, traditional subsistence farming increasingly shifts to cash crop farming and in particular to cotton cultivation, which is accompanied by application of pesticides. Increasing use of pesticides by smallholder farmers is suspected to have negative effects on non-target organisms. In this study, possible pesticide impact on the development of tadpoles was investigated. Two insecticide formulations used in cotton cultivation in Benin were compared: Cotofan® (active ingredient (a.i.): α- and β-endosulfan) and Tihan® (a.i.: spirotetramat and flubendiamide). Tadpoles of the widespread species Amietophrynus maculatus were kept in small water basins with increasing insecticide concentrations (1, 10 and 100 μg a.i./L) over a period of 28 days. Tadpoles showed reduced survival at the highest endosulfan concentrations (100 μg/L). Survival of tadpoles undergoing metamorphosis was not influenced by Tihan®. Endosulfan in concentrations of 10 and 100 μg/L negatively impacted the movement of the tadpoles which was not the case for the mixture of spirotetramat and flubendiamide. Time to metamorphosis was not significantly different in the various treatments. Tail length of tadpoles was significantly shorter in Cotofan® treatments compared to controls. Pesticide residues in the tadpoles were relatively low after keeping them in concentrations of 1 and 10 μg a.i./L (25 and 26 μg/kg wet weight (w/w) for the sum of α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan and endosulfan sulphate and below the detection limits for flubendiamide and spirotetramat). For the 100 μg a.i./L treatments, 1,600 μg/kg w/w was found of α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan and endosulfan sulphate together in the survived tadpoles and 21 μg/kg w/w of flubendiamide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christin Stechert
- Institute of Environmental and Sustainable Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Searcy CA, Snaas H, Shaffer HB. Determinants of size at metamorphosis in an endangered amphibian and their projected effects on population stability. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Searcy
- Dept of Evolution and Ecology and Center for Population Biology; Univ. of California; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Helen Snaas
- HAS Univ. of Applied Sciences; Onderwijsboulevard 221 NL-5223 DE ‘s-Hertogenbosch the Netherlands
| | - H. Bradley Shaffer
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; 621 Charles E. Young Drive South and La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, 619 Charles E. Young Drive South, Univ. of California; Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Grözinger F, Thein J, Feldhaar H, Rödel MO. Giants, dwarfs and the environment - metamorphic trait plasticity in the common frog. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89982. [PMID: 24599256 PMCID: PMC3943853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to understand adaptation processes and population dynamics, it is central to know how environmental parameters influence performance of organisms within populations, including their phenotypes. The impact of single or few particular parameters in concert was often assessed in laboratory and mesocosm experiments. However, under natural conditions, with many biotic and abiotic factors potentially interacting, outcomes on phenotypic changes may be different. To study the potential environmental impact on realized phenotypic plasticity within a natural population, we assessed metamorphic traits (developmental time, size and body mass) in an amphibian species, the European common frog Rana temporaria, since a) larval amphibians are known to exhibit high levels of phenotypic plasticity of these traits in response to habitat parameters and, b) the traits' features may strongly influence individuals' future performance and fitness. In 2007 we studied these metamorphic traits in 18 ponds spread over an area of 28 km2. A subset of six ponds was reinvestigated in 2009 and 2010. This study revealed locally high variances in metamorphic traits in this presumed generalist species. We detected profound differences between metamorphing froglets (up to factor ten); both between and within ponds, on a very small geographic scale. Parameters such as predation and competition as well as many other pond characteristics, generally expected to have high impact on development, could not be related to the trait differences. We observed high divergence of patterns of mass at metamorphosis between ponds, but no detectable pattern when metamorphic traits were compared between ponds and years. Our results indicate that environment alone, i.e. as experienced by tadpoles sharing the same breeding pond, can only partly explain the variability of metamorphic traits observed. This emphasizes the importance to assess variability of reaction norms on the individual level to explain within-population variability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Grözinger
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology (Zoology III), Theodor-Boveri-Institute (Biocenter of the University), Würzburg, Germany
- Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Thein
- Büro für Faunistik und Umweltbildung, Hassfurt, Germany
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mark-Oliver Rödel
- Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jannat KNE, Roitberg BD. Effects of larval density and feeding rates on larval life history traits in Anopheles gambiae s.s. (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2013; 38:120-126. [PMID: 23701616 DOI: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2013.12017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito larval habitat determines the fitness, survivorship, fecundity, and vector capacity of emerging adults. We manipulated larval density and food provisioning in the laboratory to determine their effects on a number of life history parameters of Anopheles gambiae. Larval mortality was positively correlated with larval density. In addition, increased density skewed sex ratios that favored females.
Collapse
|
32
|
Enriquez-Urzelai U, San Sebastián O, Garriga N, Llorente GA. Food availability determines the response to pond desiccation in anuran tadpoles. Oecologia 2013; 173:117-27. [PMID: 23344427 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-013-2596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Food availability and pond desiccation are two of the most studied factors that condition amphibian metamorphosis. It is well known that, when food is abundant, organisms undergo metamorphosis early and when they are relatively large. The capability of anurans to accelerate their developmental rate in response to desiccation is also common knowledge. These two variables must act together in nature, since we know that, as a pond dries, the per capita resources decrease. We conduct an experiment to evaluate the effects of desiccation and food availability separately and in combination in tadpoles of the painted frog (Discoglossus pictus). We demonstrate that food deprivation leads to slow growth rates, which delay metamorphosis and produce smaller size and weight. The capability to accelerate metamorphosis when facing a drying pond is also confirmed, but, nevertheless, with factor interaction (when the pool is drying and resources are scarce) the capacity to respond to desiccation is lost. In addition, slow drying rates are shown to be stressful situations, but not enough to provoke a shortening of the larval period; in fact, the larval period becomes longer. We also demonstrate that the interaction of these factors changes the allometric relationship of different parts of the hind limb, which has implications for the biomechanics of jumping. Due to low mortality rates and an adequate response to both environmental factors, we expect D. pictus to have a great invasive potential in its new Mediterranean distribution area, where lots of temporary and ephemeral ponds are present.
Collapse
|
33
|
Amburgey S, Funk WC, Murphy M, Muths E. Effects of Hydroperiod Duration on Survival, Developmental Rate, and Size at Metamorphosis in Boreal Chorus Frog Tadpoles (Pseudacris maculata). HERPETOLOGICA 2012. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-11-00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
34
|
Okamura A, Yamada Y, Mikawa N, Horie N, Tsukamoto K. Effect of starvation, body size, and temperature on the onset of metamorphosis in Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). CAN J ZOOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2012-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the effects of starvation, body size, and water temperature on the onset of metamorphosis in leptocephali of Japanese eel ( Anguilla japonica Temminck and Schlegel, 1846) as determined by the morphological criteria of proportion, preanal length, and body depth to total length. Leptocephali of mean total length 55.6 mm that had been reared in captivity for 241 days from hatching were divided into unfed (n = 28) and fed (n = 30) groups in triplicate and reared for an additional 2 weeks. The mean percentage of larvae starting metamorphosis within 2 weeks was significantly higher in the unfed than in the fed groups (70% vs. 28.6%), suggesting that food deprivation acted as a cue for metamorphosis. The critical size for metamorphosis was a total length of 50–55 mm; smaller larvae did not start metamorphosis even in the absence of food, whereas larvae reaching that critical size were induced to undergo metamorphosis by starvation. The start of metamorphosis under unfed conditions was independent of diel-varying water temperature (day 23 °C; night 21–29 °C), suggesting a high plasticity in response to a wide range of environmental temperatures. These findings suggest methods for the efficient production of glass eels, as well as new insights into the mechanism of eel metamorphosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Naomi Mikawa
- IRAGO Institute Co, Ltd. Tahara, Aichi 441-3605, Japan
| | | | - Katsumi Tsukamoto
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hsu WT, Wu CS, Lai JC, Chiao YK, Hsu CH, Kam YC. Salinity Acclimation Affects Survival and Metamorphosis of Crab-eating Frog Tadpoles. HERPETOLOGICA 2012. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-11-00018.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
36
|
Kaitaniemi P, Scheiner A, Klemola T, Ruohomäki K. Multi-objective optimization shapes ecological variation. Proc Biol Sci 2012; 279:820-5. [PMID: 21849318 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2011.1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological systems contain a huge amount of quantitative variation between and within species and locations, which makes it difficult to obtain unambiguous verification of theoretical predictions. Ordinary experiments consider just a few explanatory factors and are prone to providing oversimplified answers because they ignore the complexity of the factors that underlie variation. We used multi-objective optimization (MO) for a mechanistic analysis of the potential ecological and evolutionary causes and consequences of variation in the life-history traits of a species of moth. Optimal life-history solutions were sought for environmental conditions where different life stages of the moth were subject to predation and other known fitness-reducing factors in a manner that was dependent on the duration of these life stages and on variable mortality rates. We found that multi-objective optimal solutions to these conditions that the moths regularly experience explained most of the life-history variation within this species. Our results demonstrate that variation can have a causal interpretation even for organisms under steady conditions. The results suggest that weather and species interactions can act as underlying causes of variation, and MO acts as a corresponding adaptive mechanism that maintains variation in the traits of organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Kaitaniemi
- Hyytiälä Forestry Field Station, Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Hyytiäläntie 124, 35500 Korkeakoski, Finland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Niehaus AC, Angilletta MJ, Sears MW, Franklin CE, Wilson RS. Predicting the physiological performance of ectotherms in fluctuating thermal environments. J Exp Biol 2012; 215:694-701. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.058032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Physiological ecologists have long sought to understand the plasticity of organisms in environments that vary widely among years, seasons and even hours. This is now even more important because human-induced climate change is predicted to affect both the mean and variability of the thermal environment. Although environmental change occurs ubiquitously, relatively few researchers have studied the effects of fluctuating environments on the performance of developing organisms. Even fewer have tried to validate a framework for predicting performance in fluctuating environments. Here, we determined whether reaction norms based on performance at constant temperatures (18, 22, 26, 30 and 34°C) could be used to predict embryonic and larval performance of anurans at fluctuating temperatures (18–28°C and 18–34°C). Based on existing theory, we generated hypotheses about the effects of stress and acclimation on the predictability of performance in variable environments. Our empirical models poorly predicted the performance of striped marsh frogs (Limnodynastes peronii) at fluctuating temperatures, suggesting that extrapolation from studies conducted under artificial thermal conditions would lead to erroneous conclusions. During the majority of ontogenetic stages, growth and development in variable environments proceeded more rapidly than expected, suggesting that acute exposures to extreme temperatures enable greater performance than do chronic exposures. Consistent with theory, we predicted performance more accurately for the less variable thermal environment. Our results underscore the need to measure physiological performance under naturalistic thermal conditions when testing hypotheses about thermal plasticity or when parameterizing models of life-history evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C. Niehaus
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4068, Australia
| | | | - Michael W. Sears
- Department of Biology, Bryn Mawr College, 101 N. Merion Avenue, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010, USA
| | - Craig E. Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4068, Australia
| | - Robbie S. Wilson
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4068, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wu CS, Gomez-Mestre I, Kam YC. Irreversibility of a bad start: early exposure to osmotic stress limits growth and adaptive developmental plasticity. Oecologia 2011; 169:15-22. [PMID: 22037992 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-2170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Harsh environments experienced early in development have immediate effects and potentially long-lasting consequences throughout ontogeny. We examined how salinity fluctuations affected survival, growth and development of Fejervarya limnocharis tadpoles. Specifically, we tested whether initial salinity effects on growth and rates of development were reversible and whether they affected the tadpoles' ability to adaptively accelerate development in response to deteriorating conditions later in development. Tadpoles were initially assigned to either low or high salinity, and then some were switched between salinity levels upon reaching either Gosner stage 30 (early switch) or 38 (late switch). All tadpoles initially experiencing low salinity survived whereas those initially experiencing high salinity had poor survival, even if switched to low salinity. Growth and developmental rates of tadpoles initially assigned to high salinity did not increase after osmotic stress release. Initial low salinity conditions allowed tadpoles to attain a fast pace of development even if exposed to high salinity afterwards. Tadpoles experiencing high salinity only late in development metamorphosed faster and at a smaller size, indicating an adaptive acceleration of development to avoid osmotic stress. Nonetheless, early exposure to high salinity precluded adaptive acceleration of development, always causing delayed metamorphosis relative to those in initially low salinity. Our results thus show that stressful environments experienced early in development can critically impact life history traits, having long-lasting or irreversible effects, and restricting their ability to produce adaptive plastic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Shiun Wu
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
Carry-over effects of the larval environment on post-metamorphic performance in two hylid frogs. Oecologia 2010; 164:891-8. [PMID: 20658150 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-010-1728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
41
|
Sandberger L, Feldhaar H, Lampert KP, Lamatsch DK, Rödel MO. Small, specialised and highly mobile? The tree-hole breeding frog,Phrynobatrachus guineensis, lacks fine-scale population structure. AFR J HERPETOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/04416651003788619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sandberger
- a Museum für Naturkunde , Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- b Behavioral Biology , University of Osnabrück , Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Kathrin P. Lampert
- c Evolutionary Ecology and Biodiversity of Animals , University of Bochum , Bochum, Germany
| | - Dunja K. Lamatsch
- d Austrian Academy of Sciences and Institute for Limnology , Mondsee, Austria
| | - Mark-Oliver Rödel
- a Museum für Naturkunde , Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Dmitriew
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Márquez-García M, Correa-Solís M, Méndez MA. Life-history trait variation in tadpoles of the warty toad in response to pond drying. J Zool (1987) 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00684.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
44
|
Mann RM, Hyne RV, Selvakumaraswamy P, Barbosa SS. Longevity and larval development among southern bell frogs (Litoria raniformis) in the Coleambally Irrigation Area - implications for conservation of an endangered frog. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1071/wr10061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context. With the flow of many of the world’s rivers regulated such that water can be diverted for agriculture and human consumption, basic ecological information on the current status of key biota in significant floodplain wetlands and their response following inundation is needed. The maintenance of natural habitat to ensure amphibian survival is gaining increasing recognition, given the ongoing decline of anuran populations. Information on longevity, time required to emerge from the water and to reach sexual maturity, all provide important information about the required timing, frequency and duration of environmental water allocations to ensure successful recruitment among populations of southern bell frogs (Litoria raniformis Keferstein, 1867).
Aims. The aims of this research were to establish the longevity of southern bell frogs in the Coleambally Irrigation Area (CIA) in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia, and to evaluate the capacity for southern bell frog tadpoles to survive and successfully metamorphose following an extended overwintering period.
Methods. Skeletochronology studies were carried out using toe-clips taken from adult and juvenile frogs captured in irrigation channels and rice fields over two rice-growing seasons. For the metamorphosis assay, southern bell frog tadpoles were held back in their development by low temperatures and low food allocation for 290 days, before temperatures and food allocation were increased adequately to allow metamorphosis to occur.
Key results. The study indicated that skeletochronological examination of toe-bones was a useful technique for establishing the age structure of southern bell frogs in this region. The oldest animals in the population were found to be 4–5 years old, although the majority of frogs were typically 2–3 years old. Also, the metamorphosis assay indicated that successful metamorphosis was the exception rather than the rule if tadpole development was held back by low food ration and low temperatures.
Conclusions. If southern bell frogs reach sexual maturity only after 2 years, and the oldest animals observed in the field are 4 or 5 years old, then there is a very narrow window of opportunity – two to three seasons – for each individual to successfully breed.
Implications. The implications for environmental flow management are that habitats for key species identified for protection such as the endangered southern bell frog will need water every 1–2 years to enable each cohort to breed and maintain the wild populations. The extent of the environmental flows needs to be adequate to ensure that water persists long enough for critical biological events such as anuran metamorphosis to occur during the spring and summer months.
Collapse
|
45
|
Benesh DP. Developmental inflexibility of larval tapeworms in response to resource variation. Int J Parasitol 2009; 40:487-97. [PMID: 19853609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The timing of habitat switching in organisms with complex life cycles is an important life history characteristic that is often influenced by the larval growth environment. Under starvation, longer developmental times are frequently observed, probably as a consequence of developmental thresholds, but prolonged ontogeny sometimes also occurs under good conditions, as organisms may take advantage of the large potential gains in body size. I investigated whether variation in growth conditions affects the larval development time of a complex life cycle tapeworm (Schistocephalus solidus) in its copepod first host. Moreover, I reviewed patterns of developmental plasticity in larval tapeworms to assess the generality of my findings. Copepod starvation weakly retarded parasite growth but did not affect development. Worms grew bigger in larger copepods, but they developed at a similar rate in large and small hosts. Thus, S. solidus does not delay ontogeny under good conditions nor does it fail to reach a developmental threshold under poor conditions. Although unusual in comparison to free-living organisms, such inflexibility is common in tapeworms. Plasticity, namely prolonged ontogeny, has been mainly observed at high infection intensities. For S. solidus, there were large cross-environment genetic correlations for development, suggesting there may be genetic constraints on the evolution of developmental plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Benesh
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wu CS, Kam YC. Effects of Salinity on the Survival, Growth, Development, and Metamorphosis ofFejervarya limnocharisTadpoles Living in Brackish Water. Zoolog Sci 2009; 26:476-82. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.26.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
47
|
ROTH O, KURTZ J. The stimulation of immune defence accelerates development in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum). J Evol Biol 2008; 21:1703-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01584.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
48
|
JANNOT JASONE, WISSINGER SCOTTA, LUCAS JEFFREYR. Diet and a developmental time constraint alter life-history trade-offs in a caddis fly (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01061.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
49
|
Lind MI, Persbo F, Johansson F. Pool desiccation and developmental thresholds in the common frog, Rana temporaria. Proc Biol Sci 2008; 275:1073-80. [PMID: 18252666 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2007.1737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental threshold is the minimum size or condition that a developing organism must have reached in order for a life-history transition to occur. Although developmental thresholds have been observed for many organisms, inter-population variation among natural populations has not been examined. Since isolated populations can be subjected to strong divergent selection, population divergence in developmental thresholds can be predicted if environmental conditions favour fast or slow developmental time in different populations. Amphibian metamorphosis is a well-studied life-history transition, and using a common garden approach we compared the development time and the developmental threshold of metamorphosis in four island populations of the common frog Rana temporaria: two populations originating from islands with only temporary breeding pools and two from islands with permanent pools. As predicted, tadpoles from time-constrained temporary pools had a genetically shorter development time than those from permanent pools. Furthermore, the variation in development time among females from temporary pools was low, consistent with the action of selection on rapid development in this environment. However, there were no clear differences in the developmental thresholds between the populations, indicating that the main response to life in a temporary pool is to shorten the development time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin I Lind
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gervasi SS, Foufopoulos J. Costs of plasticity: responses to desiccation decrease post-metamorphic immune function in a pond-breeding amphibian. Funct Ecol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01340.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|