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Carscadden KA, Batstone RT, Hauser FE. Origins and evolution of biological novelty. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1472-1491. [PMID: 37056155 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the origins and impacts of novel traits has been a perennial interest in many realms of ecology and evolutionary biology. Here, we build on previous evolutionary and philosophical treatments of this subject to encompass novelties across biological scales and eco-evolutionary perspectives. By defining novelties as new features at one biological scale that have emergent effects at other biological scales, we incorporate many forms of novelty that have previously been treated in isolation (such as novelty from genetic mutations, new developmental pathways, new morphological features, and new species). Our perspective is based on the fundamental idea that the emergence of a novelty, at any biological scale, depends on its environmental and genetic context. Through this lens, we outline a broad array of generative mechanisms underlying novelty and highlight how genomic tools are transforming our understanding of the origins of novelty. Lastly, we present several case studies to illustrate how novelties across biological scales and systems can be understood based on common mechanisms of change and their environmental and genetic contexts. Specifically, we highlight how gene duplication contributes to the evolution of new complex structures in visual systems; how genetic exchange in symbiosis alters functions of both host and symbiont, resulting in a novel organism; and how hybridisation between species can generate new species with new niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Carscadden
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, 1900 Pleasant St, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Rebecca T Batstone
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Frances E Hauser
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
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Drury JP, Grether GF, Garland T, Morlon H. An Assessment of Phylogenetic Tools for Analyzing the Interplay Between Interspecific Interactions and Phenotypic Evolution. Syst Biol 2017; 67:413-427. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syx079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J P Drury
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR 8197, 46 rue d’Ulm 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Charles E. Young Dr. S, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
| | - G F Grether
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Charles E. Young Dr. S, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
| | - T Garland
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - H Morlon
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR 8197, 46 rue d’Ulm 75005 Paris, France
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3
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Grether GF, Peiman KS, Tobias JA, Robinson BW. Causes and Consequences of Behavioral Interference between Species. Trends Ecol Evol 2017; 32:760-772. [PMID: 28797610 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral interference between species, such as territorial aggression, courtship, and mating, is widespread in animals. While aggressive and reproductive forms of interspecific interference have generally been studied separately, their many parallels and connections warrant a unified conceptual approach. Substantial evidence exists that aggressive and reproductive interference have pervasive effects on species coexistence, range limits, and evolutionary processes, including divergent and convergent forms of character displacement. Alien species invasions and climate change-induced range shifts result in novel interspecific interactions, heightening the importance of predicting the consequences of species interactions, and behavioral interference is a fundamental but neglected part of the equation. Here, we outline priorities for further theoretical and empirical research on the ecological and evolutionary consequences of behavioral interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory F Grether
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Kathryn S Peiman
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ONT, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Joseph A Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Beren W Robinson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, ONT, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Kenyon HL, Alcaide M, Toews DPL, Irwin DE. Cultural isolation is greater than genetic isolation across an avian hybrid zone. J Evol Biol 2016; 30:81-95. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. L. Kenyon
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - M. Alcaide
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology; Estación Biologica de Doñana (CSIC); Sevilla Spain
| | - D. P. L. Toews
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - D. E. Irwin
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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Cramer ERA, Stensrud E, Marthinsen G, Hogner S, Johannessen LE, Laskemoen T, Eybert MC, Slagsvold T, Lifjeld JT, Johnsen A. Sperm performance in conspecific and heterospecific female fluid. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:1363-77. [PMID: 26855769 PMCID: PMC4733106 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Divergent sexual selection within allopatric populations may result in divergent sexual phenotypes, which can act as reproductive barriers between populations upon secondary contact. This hypothesis has been most tested on traits involved in precopulatory sexual selection, with less work focusing on traits that act after copulation and before fertilization (i.e., postcopulatory prezygotic traits), particularly in internally fertilizing vertebrates. However, postcopulatory sexual selection within species can also drive trait divergence, resulting in reduced performance of heterospecific sperm within the female reproductive tract. Such incompatibilities, arising as a by‐product of divergent postcopulatory sexual selection in allopatry, can represent reproductive barriers, analogous to species‐assortative mating preferences. Here, we tested for postcopulatory prezygotic reproductive barriers between three pairs of taxa with diverged sperm phenotypes and moderate‐to‐high opportunity for postcopulatory sexual selection (barn swallows Hirundo rustica versus sand martins Riparia riparia, two subspecies of bluethroats, Luscinia svecica svecica versus L. s. namnetum, and great tits Parus major versus blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus). We tested sperm swimming performance in fluid from the outer reproductive tract of females, because the greatest reduction in sperm number in birds occurs as sperm swim across the vagina. Contrary to our expectations, sperm swam equally well in fluid from conspecific and heterospecific females, suggesting that postcopulatory prezygotic barriers do not act between these taxon pairs, at this stage between copulation and fertilization. We therefore suggest that divergence in sperm phenotypes in allopatry is insufficient to cause widespread postcopulatory prezygotic barriers in the form of impaired sperm swimming performance in passerine birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R A Cramer
- Natural History Museum University of Oslo PO Box 1172 Blindern 0318 Oslo Norway
| | - Even Stensrud
- Natural History Museum University of Oslo PO Box 1172 Blindern 0318 Oslo Norway
| | - Gunnhild Marthinsen
- Natural History Museum University of Oslo PO Box 1172 Blindern 0318 Oslo Norway
| | - Silje Hogner
- Natural History Museum University of Oslo PO Box 1172 Blindern 0318 Oslo Norway
| | | | - Terje Laskemoen
- Natural History Museum University of Oslo PO Box 1172 Blindern 0318 Oslo Norway
| | | | - Tore Slagsvold
- Department of Biosciences Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES) University of Oslo PO Box 1066 Blindern 0316 Oslo Norway
| | - Jan T Lifjeld
- Natural History Museum University of Oslo PO Box 1172 Blindern 0318 Oslo Norway
| | - Arild Johnsen
- Natural History Museum University of Oslo PO Box 1172 Blindern 0318 Oslo Norway
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Losin N, Drury JP, Peiman KS, Storch C, Grether GF. The ecological and evolutionary stability of interspecific territoriality. Ecol Lett 2016; 19:260-7. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Losin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California 621 Charles E. Young Drive South Los Angeles CA 90095‐1606 USA
| | - Jonathan P. Drury
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California 621 Charles E. Young Drive South Los Angeles CA 90095‐1606 USA
| | - Kathryn S. Peiman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California 621 Charles E. Young Drive South Los Angeles CA 90095‐1606 USA
| | - Chaya Storch
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California 621 Charles E. Young Drive South Los Angeles CA 90095‐1606 USA
| | - Gregory F. Grether
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California 621 Charles E. Young Drive South Los Angeles CA 90095‐1606 USA
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Wyman MT, Locatelli Y, Charlton BD, Reby D. Female Sexual Preferences Toward Conspecific and Hybrid Male Mating Calls in Two Species of Polygynous Deer, Cervus elaphus and C. nippon. Evol Biol 2015; 43:227-241. [PMID: 27217596 PMCID: PMC4860407 DOI: 10.1007/s11692-015-9357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The behavioral processes at the basis of hybridization and introgression are understudied in terrestrial mammals. We use a unique model to test the role of sexual signals as a reproductive barrier to introgression by investigating behavioral responses to male sexual calls in estrous females of two naturally allopatric but reproductively compatible deer species, red deer and sika deer. Previous studies demonstrated asymmetries in acoustic species discrimination between these species: most but not all female red deer prefer conspecific over sika deer male calls while female sika deer exhibit no preference differences. Here, we extend this examination of acoustic species discrimination to the role of male sexual calls in introgression between parent species and hybrids. Using two-speaker playback experiments, we compared the preference responses of estrous female red and sika deer to male sexual calls from conspecifics versus red × sika hybrids. These playbacks simulate early secondary contact between previously allopatric species after hybridization has occurred. Based on previous conspecific versus heterospecific playbacks, we predicted that most female red deer would prefer conspecific calls while female sika deer would show no difference in their preference behaviors toward conspecific and hybrid calls. However, results show that previous asymmetries did not persist as neither species exhibited more preferences for conspecific over hybrid calls. Thus, vocal behavior is not likely to deter introgression between these species during the early stages of sympatry. On a wider scale, weak discrimination against hybrid sexual signals could substantially contribute to this important evolutionary process in mammals and other taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan T. Wyman
- />Mammal Vocal Communication and Cognition Research, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9QH UK
- />Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, 1331 Academic Surge Building, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Yann Locatelli
- />Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Réserve de la Haute Touche, 36290 Obterre, France
| | - Benjamin D. Charlton
- />School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David Reby
- />Mammal Vocal Communication and Cognition Research, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9QH UK
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