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Lutmer A, Walker AM. Patterns of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication During Sex. Arch Sex Behav 2024; 53:1449-1462. [PMID: 38361172 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02811-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Sexual communication functions as an important relational process expediating satisfying sexual experiences (Sprecher & Hendrick, 2004). Much of the existing literature on sexual communication concerning sexual pleasure biases verbal communication (Babin, 2012). This study adds to the existing research regarding patterns of communication surrounding sex and during sex through qualitative analysis. Further, this inquiry focused on participants' full histories, rather than their tendencies within any current relationship. We analyzed 78 qualitative interview transcripts from participants between the ages of 18 and 69. Participants reported a reluctance to communicate anything but pleasure, discomfort, or dislike during sex to avoid discouraging their partners. Though participants reported a perception that communicating pleasure served as encouragement and affirmation to their partners, most preferred to communicate pleasure nonverbally. Some participants reported a tendency to communicate pain or dislike verbally. Some preferred communication about sexual topics only before or after sexual activities. Participants shared that a high level of comfort with their partner increased sexual communication. How sexual partners communicate sex not only affects pleasure but can only affect intimacy between partners and health. This adds to the scant literature on nonverbal communication during sex and some people's preference for that style (Blunt-Vinti et al., 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Lutmer
- Department of Sociology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alicia M Walker
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Gerontology, Missouri State University, 901 S National Ave., Strong Hall 466, Springfield, MO, 65810, USA.
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2
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Döring N, Walter R, Scharmanski S. [Parental sex education and sexual risk behavior of daughters and sons: findings from the representative survey "Youth Sexuality"]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2024; 67:14-22. [PMID: 37855911 PMCID: PMC10776709 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to socialization theory, parental sex education should lead to increased sexual literacy in adolescents. However, current data for Germany is lacking. RESEARCH AIM Against this backdrop, the aim of the present study was to link for the first time the general conversations about sexuality in the family (research question 1, RQ1), and specifically parental contraception education (RQ2), with the sexual risk behavior of adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS The database is the ninth wave of the representative survey "Youth Sexuality" conducted by the Federal Centre for Health Education in Germany (BZgA). Data from all sexually active 14- to 17-year-old adolescents in the sample who provided information on their sexual behavior and whose parents reported on their sex education behavior were analyzed (N = 357). To answer the two research questions, logistic regression analyses were carried out with four central characteristics of adolescent sexual behavior. RESULTS The results showed that for both girls and boys conversations about sexuality in the family are positively correlated with (1) reached age of consent at first sexual intercourse, (2) a positive first sexual intercourse experience, (3) reliable contraception use, and (4) a low number of sexual partners (RQ1). The same pattern of results emerged for contraception education by parents (RQ2). DISCUSSION The positive correlations between parental sex education and less risky adolescent sexual behavior need to be further investigated with respect to the underlying causal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Döring
- Technische Universität Ilmenau, Institut für Medien und Kommunikationswissenschaft (IfMK), Ilmenau, Deutschland.
- Institut für Medien und Kommunikationswissenschaft (IfMK), TU Ilmenau, Ehrenbergstraße 29, 98693, Ilmenau, Deutschland.
| | - Roberto Walter
- Technische Universität Ilmenau, Institut für Medien und Kommunikationswissenschaft (IfMK), Ilmenau, Deutschland
| | - Sara Scharmanski
- Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA), Köln, Deutschland
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Brasileiro J, Widman L, Hurst JL. Sexual self-efficacy and sexual communication among adolescent girls: moderated mediation results from a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Health 2023; 38:1273-1287. [PMID: 34905990 PMCID: PMC9210825 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.2012573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Guided by the Operating Conditions Framework, the goal of this study was to identify how and for whom an online sexual health program called Health Education and Relationship Training (HEART) worked. DESIGN Data come from a randomized controlled trial among 198 U.S. high school girls who completed HEART or an attention-matched control. We conducted mediation and moderated mediation models to determine if sexual self-efficacy was a mediator and if program acceptability and sexual activity status were moderators of HEART efficacy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Sexual communication skills were assessed with a behavioral role-play task. RESULTS HEART significantly improved sexual communication skills. These effects were fully mediated through sexual self-efficacy. Specifically, HEART improved sexual self-efficacy which in turn increased sexual communication skills. Also, when participants liked the program more, the effect of HEART on sexual self-efficacy was stronger. Further, among girls who had engaged in sexual activity, sexual self-efficacy was significantly associated with sexual communication skills. CONCLUSION This study provides insights into the mechanisms of behavior change underlying HEART. Results highlight the need to further 'unpack' the effects of other sexual health programs, as we showed that programs may work better under certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brasileiro
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
| | - Laura Widman
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Hurst
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
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Osakwe CE, van der Drift I, Opper CA, Zule WA, Browne FA, Wechsberg WM. Condom Use at Last Sex and Sexual Negotiation Among Young African American Women in North Carolina: Context or Personal Agency. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01693-4. [PMID: 37495904 PMCID: PMC10811276 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01693-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
African American women are 10.8 times more likely to be diagnosed with HIV compared with White women. This descriptive study fills a gap by examining associations among social and contextual factors and sexual communication, condom use, and safer sex negotiation among African American women. Study participants between 18 and 25 years of age and who reported recent substance use were recruited from three North Carolina counties. A risk behavior survey was administered via audio computer-assisted self-interview, and logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess associations between social and contextual variables and condom use at last sex with a main partner. Education (AOR: 2.078; 95% CI: 1.214, 3.556), sexual communication with a main partner (AOR: 1.079; 95% CI: 1.050, 1.109), and condom use relationship scale (AOR: 1.059; 95% CI: 1.023, 1.098) were positively associated with condom use at last sex, whereas living with a main partner (AOR: 0.447; 95% CI: 0.210, 0.950) and the alcohol and drug problem scale (AOR: 0.971; 95% CI: 0.944, 0.998) were negatively associated with condom use (p < 0.05). The study findings show that among young African American women at risk for HIV, contextual and personal factors may influence condom use. A socio-ecological approach combining personal empowerment, interpersonal, structural, and biobehavioral strategies is necessary in implementing holistic gender-focused HIV prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isa van der Drift
- Substance Use, Gender, and Applied Research Program, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, PO Box 12194, NC, 27709-2194, Durham, USA
| | - Claudia A Opper
- Substance Use, Gender, and Applied Research Program, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, PO Box 12194, NC, 27709-2194, Durham, USA
| | - William A Zule
- Substance Use, Gender, and Applied Research Program, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, PO Box 12194, NC, 27709-2194, Durham, USA
| | - Felicia A Browne
- Substance Use, Gender, and Applied Research Program, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, PO Box 12194, NC, 27709-2194, Durham, USA
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wendee M Wechsberg
- Substance Use, Gender, and Applied Research Program, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, PO Box 12194, NC, 27709-2194, Durham, USA.
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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Dyachenko E. Interpersonal scripts and sexual communication: experiences and perspectives of young people in St. Petersburg, Russia. Cult Health Sex 2023; 25:368-381. [PMID: 35244497 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2022.2045037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In Russia, young adults face many barriers that prevent them from accessing reliable and up-to-date knowledge about what sexual communication between partners can look like. This may lead to episodes of sexual miscommunication, which in turn sometimes result in sexual aggression. The study aimed to identify how following prevalent sexual scripts facilitates clear sexual communication or alternatives leads to miscommunication between Russian young adults. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 women and 11 men aged 19-25 years living in St. Petersburg (Russia) who had had at least one sexual partner of the opposite sex. Data were analysed thematically. Four themes were developed from the interviews: (1) endorsing (or not endorsing) traditional sexual scripts, (2) the presence or absence of sexual compliance, (3) softening refusal of sexual contact or intercourse, (4) the belief that asking for consent is unusual. Findings indicate that patterns and clarity of sexual communication differ depending on the type of relationship (serious, casual, and other), its stage, and partners' beliefs. Study findings underscore the need for sex and sexuality education for young people in Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Dyachenko
- Saint-Petersburg School of Social Sciences and Area Studies, National Research University Higher School of Economics, St. Petersburg, Russia
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White A, Boehm M, Glackin E, Bleakley A. How Sexual Information Sources are Related to Emerging Adults' Sex-Positive Scripts and Sexual Communication. Sex Cult 2023; 27:1-22. [PMID: 36643189 PMCID: PMC9825060 DOI: 10.1007/s12119-022-10061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Prior research suggests that parents, peers, and media are popular sources of sexual information and beliefs among emerging adults. Sex-positivity is an orientation toward sex that emphasizes open-minded beliefs and communication about varying sexual behaviors, preferences, and orientations. The current study investigated whether these sexual information sources were associated with emerging adults' endorsement of sex-positive and sexual orientation-related sexual scripts, and if these sources and scripts were associated with sexual communication among a sample of college students ages 18-22 (n = 341). Results indicate that learning from television was positively related to sex-positive sexual script endorsement, and that sex-positive scripts were associated with more positive sexual communication. An interaction also emerged between gender and learning from television on sex-positive script endorsement, and between gender and learning from social media on sexual orientation-related script endorsement. The implications of these findings are contextualized within emerging adults' sexual agency and behavior. Future directions of research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie White
- Department of Communication, University of Delaware, 125 Academy St., Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Michele Boehm
- Department of Communication, University of Delaware, 125 Academy St., Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Emma Glackin
- Department of Communication, University of Delaware, 125 Academy St., Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Amy Bleakley
- Department of Communication, University of Delaware, 125 Academy St., Newark, DE 19716 USA
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Gunning JN, Rubinsky V, Aragón A, Roldán M, McMahon T, Cooke-Jackson A. A Preliminary Investigation into Intersections of Sexual Communication in Bondage, Domination, Sadomasochism and Disability. Sex Cult 2023; 27:1-17. [PMID: 36643190 PMCID: PMC9825129 DOI: 10.1007/s12119-022-10058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Extending prior research on the communicative intersections of bondage, domination, and sadomasochism (BDSM) and disability communities, the present article presents preliminary findings on sexual and boundary-setting communication overlaps in relational minority groups and partnerships with disabilities. Both disability and BDSM communities engage in preparatory, open, and boundary-setting sexual communication that prioritizes shifting physical, emotional, and relational needs. Highlighting reflections from partnerships navigating chronic illness, pain, and neurodivergence, our findings extend previous recommendations for boundary-setting to focus on relationships with disability, identifying intersections as including (1) reflecting upon needs and boundaries amidst shifting symptomatology, (2) (re)write sexual and intimate scripts to prioritize (dis)ability, (3) (re)negotiate relational needs and set expectations, and (4) bring awareness to the role of mental health and medication. Findings focus on implications for disability and sexual communication, the disruption of traditional sexual scripts, and therapeutic and clinical application. Limitations and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline N. Gunning
- Department of Communication, University of Connecticut, 337 Mansfield Road, Unit 1259, 06269 Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Valerie Rubinsky
- Communication, Social Science Program, University of Maine, Augusta, ME USA
| | - Ashley Aragón
- Department of Communication, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | | | | | - Angela Cooke-Jackson
- Department of Communication Studies, California State University, Los Angeles, CA USA
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8
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Apaydin Cirik V, Aksoy B, Bulut E. Attitudes of parents in the role of a father in Turkey toward child sex education and their sexual communication with their children. J Pediatr Nurs 2022:S0882-5963(22)00329-3. [PMID: 36585347 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The study aimed to evaluate the attitudes of parents in the role of a father in Turkey toward child sex education and their sexual communication with their children. METHODS This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with the fathers of children in the pediatric outpatient clinic at a state hospital between December 30, 2021, and April 15, 2022. The study was reported based on STROBE. The data were collected from 297 fathers using the Descriptive Information Form, the Attitudes Scale Toward Sex education (ASTSE), and the Sexual Communication Scale for Parents(SCSP). RESULTS Sample statistics demonstrate that 67.7% of the participants did not receive sex education in their childhood, and 57.4% stated that their children received sex education only from their mothers. Higher attitudes toward sexual education were found in the fathers with a university or higher education degree (χ2 = 15.396; p < 0.01), and those giving sex education to their children (χ2 = 18.388;p < 0.001). Higher total scores were obtained on the sexual communication scale by fathers with university and higher education degrees (χ2 = 12.898;p < 0.01) and those who received sex education in their childhood (t = 2.330;p = 0.021). There is a highly significant positive correlation between the mean scores of the role of a parent subscale of the ASTSE and the mean total score of the SCSP (r = 0.81;p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There is a positive correlation between fathers' parental role attitudes toward sex education and their sexual communication with their children. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Supporting fathers' sexual communication with their children can positively affect fathers' attitudes and communication toward sex education.
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Merwin KE, Bergeron S, Jodouin JF, Mackinnon SP, Rosen NO. Few Differences in Sexual Talk by Gender/Sex and Dyad Type: A Retrospective and Daily Diary Study with Couples. Arch Sex Behav 2022; 51:3715-3733. [PMID: 35882742 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sexual talk is a type of verbal communication that occurs exclusively during sexual activity and that is specific to the sexual activity itself. Previous research has identified two types of sexual talk: individualistic (i.e., self-focused) and mutualistic (i.e., sharing/partner-focused), which have generally been linked to greater sexual and relationship well-being. Whether sexual talk use varies by gender/sex (i.e., men, women, gender/sex diverse individuals; GSD) or dyad type (i.e., same- vs. mixed-gender/sex) has not been examined. Given initial evidence that the types of sexual talk may contribute differently to sexual and relationship well-being, it is important to identify factors (e.g., gender/sex) that may be associated with the amount of sexual talk used. We examined differences by gender/sex and dyad type in the average sexual talk use among long-term couples (N = 229; 69 same-gender/sex) using retrospective cross-sectional dyadic data. We also examined these differences in the same sample (N = 217) using a 35-day dyadic daily diary study. Retrospectively, but not daily, women reported using more mutualistic talk than men, especially when partnered with a woman. There were no significant gender/sex or dyad type differences in use of individualistic talk retrospectively or daily. Exploratory analyses with the GSD couples suggested that there may be gender/sex and dyad type differences retrospectively and daily, for individualistic and not mutualistic talk; however, these analyses must be interpreted with caution due to the small subsample size of GSD couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Merwin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H4R2, Canada
| | - Sophie Bergeron
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sean P Mackinnon
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H4R2, Canada
| | - Natalie O Rosen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H4R2, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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10
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Arthur EK, Menon U, Reese JB, Browning K, Overcash J, Rose K, Wills CE. Profiles of women's adjustment after cancer based on sexual and psychosocial wellbeing: results of a cluster analysis. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1003. [PMID: 36131276 PMCID: PMC9491007 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual wellbeing is a critical yet often overlooked aspect of overall wellbeing for women across cancer diagnoses. OBJECTIVE We identified profiles of women cancer survivors by sexual and psychosocial outcomes and compared groups for differences in relevant outcomes and individual characteristics. METHODS Partnered women treated for cancer (n = 226; M age = 51.1 (12.6); 54% breast cancer; 86% White) completed a cross-sectional survey assessing sexual and psychosocial wellbeing. K-means cluster analysis modeled subgroups (clusters) with similar response patterns on measures of sexual wellbeing (sexual function, distress, sexual communication, and self-efficacy for communication), psychosocial wellbeing (quality of life (QOL), anxiety and depressive symptoms), and time since treatment. ANOVAs with Tukey post-hoc analyses and chi-square analyses tested cluster mean differences. RESULTS Three distinct clusters of women differed by levels of adjustment in sexual and psychosocial wellbeing: higher-adjustment (32.7%), intermediate (37.6%), and lower-adjustment (29.6%). Significant differences among the clusters were found for all outcomes, with largest effect sizes for sexual distress (η2p = 0.66), sexual communication (η2p = 0.51), sexual satisfaction (η2p = 0.44), and anxiety and self-efficacy for communication (η2p = 0.32). The intermediate adjustment group was characterized by lower adjustment on measures of sexual and relationship function, and better adjustment on measures of QOL and mood. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that for women cancer survivors, measures of sexual and psychosocial wellbeing can model distinct profiles to inform targeted interventions to meet women's needs. Evidence-based targeted interventions could lead to better sexual function, and ultimately to better QOL and overall wellbeing. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE A stepped intervention approach to sexual health care for women with cancer, where content and format depend on degree of sexual and psychosocial adjustment after cancer, may be most appropriate. Interdisciplinary teams may address sexual, emotional, and relationship functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Arthur
- The Ohio State University, College of Nursing, 1585 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Usha Menon
- University of South Florida, College of Nursing, 12901 Bruce B. Downs, MDN 22, Tampa, FL, 33612-4742, USA
| | - Jennifer Barsky Reese
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19093, USA
| | - Kristine Browning
- The Ohio State University, College of Nursing, 1585 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Janine Overcash
- The Ohio State University, College of Nursing, 1585 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Karen Rose
- The Ohio State University, College of Nursing, 1585 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Celia E Wills
- The Ohio State University, College of Nursing, 1585 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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van Raalte LJ, Bednarchik LA, Generous MA, Mongeau PA. Examining Rules in Friends with Benefits Relationships. Arch Sex Behav 2022; 51:1783-1792. [PMID: 34779977 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Establishing communicative and behavioral boundaries in romantic relationships provides partners with a greater sense of relational stability and certainty. For romantic relationships, these boundaries, such as sexual exclusivity, are relatively straightforward. For casual sex relationships, however, the relational rules are less stable and certain. This exploratory study examined rules in friends with benefits relationships (FWBRs) for 109 college students in the USA. Responses to open-ended questions were collected through an online questionnaire, and data were qualitatively analyzed through an inductive thematic analysis. The data were structured into communication rules, sexual rules, and relational definition rules. Results provide overlap and extension of previous work investigating rules in FWBRs. Notably, participants reported sexual exclusivity as an important rule. Additionally, potentially competing discourses in FWBR rules were best understood through the lens of relational dialectics. Findings reflect a tension in terms of relational work, as partners struggle with maintaining their sexual and friendship relationship while not falling into the "territory" of romantic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J van Raalte
- Department of Communication Studies, Sam Houston State University, P.O. Box 2299, Huntsville, TX, 77341, USA.
| | - Lori A Bednarchik
- Hugh Downs School of Human Communication, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Mark A Generous
- Department of Communication, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Paul A Mongeau
- Hugh Downs School of Human Communication, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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12
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Roels R, Rehman US, Goodnight JA, Janssen E. Couple Communication Behaviors During Sexual and Nonsexual Discussions and Their Association with Relationship Satisfaction. Arch Sex Behav 2022; 51:1541-1557. [PMID: 35119568 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02204-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The quality of communication between romantic partners has consistently been found to be associated with relationship well-being and stability. Studies on sexual and nonsexual communication, however, have typically assessed communication skills and behaviors using self-report measures. The use of observational methods has several advantages, including the ability to capture and allow for the independent coding of both partners' communication behaviors. With few exceptions, research applying observational methods has not distinguished between sexual and nonsexual communication behaviors. In the present study, we asked 126 young, mixed-sex couples to engage in sexual and nonsexual conflict discussions. The two 7-min discussions were videotaped and rated by trained coders on nine behavioral dimensions using an adaptation of the specific affect coding system (Gottman & Krokoff, 1989) and the system for coding interactions and family functioning (Lindahl & Malik, 2001). Coder ratings applied to the discussion as a whole. Analyses included factor analysis on the behavioral dimensions and multilevel modeling incorporating the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM). We found significant differences in how couples interacted during the two discussions, with more positive (affectionate and validating) and less negative behaviors during sexual discussions as compared to nonsexual discussions. In both women and men, expressions of positivity during the two types of conflict discussions were associated with higher relationship satisfaction. Gender differences were found in the association between negative behaviors during sexual discussions and relationship satisfaction, with men but not women's negative behaviors being associated with lower relationship satisfaction. These findings point at distinct qualities of sexual communication and its association with couples' relational well-being and contribute to a better scientific understanding, with clinical relevance, of sexual and nonsexual communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Roels
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute for Family and Sexuality Studies, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Campus St-Rafaël, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Psychiatry, UPC KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Uzma S Rehman
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Erick Janssen
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute for Family and Sexuality Studies, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Campus St-Rafaël, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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Lucero Jones R, Jones AC, Fife ST. A Mixed Methods Study of Sexual Communication in Various Couple Typologies Part II: Qualitative Content Analysis. J Sex Marital Ther 2022; 48:663-679. [PMID: 35240952 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2022.2041515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the second part of a mixed methods exploration of couple sexual communication. The purpose of this study was to better understand the sexual communication processes that characterize various couple typologies. A qualitative content analysis was used to examine the responses of couples who were grouped together according to the typologies developed from the cluster analysis conducted in Part I of this study (Jones & Lucero Jones, 2022). The results revealed 3 primary themes regarding sexual communication: sexual communication behaviors, sexual decision-making processes, and sexual communication outcomes. Most importantly, the 15 subthemes revealed the inner workings of sexual communication in couples of varying typologies. Clinicians may use the findings from this study to recognize communication patterns in couples that may be contributing to sexual dissatisfaction. Furthermore, the study highlights critical sexual communication behaviors and patterns for improvement and connection in the sexual relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lucero Jones
- Department of Human Development, Family Studies, and Counseling, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Adam C Jones
- Department of Human Development, Family Studies, and Counseling, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Stephen T Fife
- Department of Community, Family and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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14
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Edison B, Coulter RWS, Miller E, Stokes LR, Hill AV. Sexual Communication and Sexual Consent Self-Efficacy Among College Students: Implications for Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention. J Adolesc Health 2022; 70:282-289. [PMID: 34620545 PMCID: PMC9028224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obtaining affirmative consent, a hallmark of sexual violence prevention education on college campuses, may influence sexual communication and behaviors such as condom use. This study examined the relationship between self-efficacy to obtain sexual consent with sexual health communication and behaviors among a sample of U.S. college students. METHODS Data were from 2,291 students enrolled in a cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted on 28 college campuses from 2015 to 2017. Students reported their self-efficacy to obtain sexual consent, communication about sexual health, and sexual health behaviors. Multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for school clustering, history of violence victimization, and sexually transmitted infection history, estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for sexual consent self-efficacy and sexual health communication. RESULTS Females (n = 1,150) reported higher self-efficacy to obtain consent than males (b1 = .32, 95% CI = .23, .41), but lower odds of communication about condom use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = .75, 95% CI = .60, .96) and HIV prevention (AOR = .63, 95% CI = .48, .81). Black and other race students reported higher odds of HIV/sexually transmitted infection prevention communication than white students. Odds of consistent condom use were highest among students reporting condom use communication and high self-efficacy to obtain sexual consent (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.58, 2.51). CONCLUSIONS Campus sexual assault prevention education that focuses narrowly on obtaining sexual consent may be missing an opportunity to enhance sexual health communication broadly, including condom and contraceptive use discussion to promote overall sexual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Edison
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Robert W. S. Coulter
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA,Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Lynissa R. Stokes
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Ashley V. Hill
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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15
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Jampel JD, Addis ME. The Impact of Performance-Based Scripts on Men's Sexual Communication to Peers. Arch Sex Behav 2021; 50:2703-2715. [PMID: 34331167 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-01980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gender norms related to sexual behavior have a pervasive impact on the psychosocial development of men. These norms have been theorized to influence the formation of male sexual scripts, including those that place high emphasis on performative abilities. While research has indicated that endorsing performance-based scripts can have negative consequences, little work has examined how this sexual ideology is communicated by men to their peer groups. Using structural equation modeling, the current study tested a model of openness to communicate sexual behavior that is incongruent with existing performance-based scripts. A sample of 424 men were recruited from a variety of Internet platforms to participate in a one-time online survey. Results demonstrated that endorsing performance-based scripts impeded men's ability to discuss sexual behavior with male peers, female peers, and sexual partners. Men's lack of transparency about particular sexual experiences may be contributing to harmful narratives that rigidly emphasize sexual performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Jampel
- Department of Psychology, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Worcester, MA, 01610, USA.
| | - Michael E Addis
- Department of Psychology, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Worcester, MA, 01610, USA
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16
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Roels R, Rehman US, Carter CS, Nazarloo HP, Janssen E. The link between oxytocin plasma levels and observed communication behaviors during sexual and nonsexual couple discussions: An exploratory study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 129:105265. [PMID: 34023731 PMCID: PMC8271180 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of oxytocin (OT) in close relationships is complex, as both positive and negative associations have been found between OT and relationship processes. Also, with most research focusing on the effects of exogenous OT administration on communication and couple behaviors, our knowledge about the association between endogenous OT and couple dynamics remains limited. This study is the first to assess the link between peripheral OT levels and observed communication behaviors during sexual and nonsexual conflict discussions in romantic relationships. A sample of 126 young, heterosexual couples (Mean age = 23.3, SD = 2.4; average relationship duration = 1.9 years, SD = 0.9) participated in videotaped sexual and nonsexual couple conflict discussions of 7 min each. Communication behaviors were coded using an adaptation of the Specific Affect Coding System (SPAFF) and the System for Coding Interactions and Family Functioning (SCIFF). Blood samples were collected prior to the couple discussions, during a separate lab visit, and OT plasma levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Plasma OT levels were positively associated with validating behaviors during sexual discussions in both women (r = +.24, p = .008) and men (r = +.18, p = .052). No significant associations were found between OT levels and validating behaviors during nonsexual discussions and between OT and affectionate and negative behaviors during either sexual or nonsexual discussions. Analyses revealed significant associations between OT levels and one's own validating behaviors during sexual discussions (b = 47.82, t(201.16) = 3.81, p < .001) and one's partner's (b = 32.12, t(216.35) = 2.62, p = .009). The results highlight the biobehavioral aspects of couples' sexual communication and may contribute to a better understanding of the processes involved in individual and relational well-being. This study is the first to report an association between peripheral OT levels and validating behaviors during sexual communication, indicating neurophysiological involvement in dyadic sexual communication patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Roels
- Institute for Family and Sexuality Studies, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven/University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Uzma S Rehman
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - C Sue Carter
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | | | - Erick Janssen
- Institute for Family and Sexuality Studies, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven/University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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17
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Rubinsky V. Toward A Typology of Identity Gaps in "Non-Normative" Sexual Partner Communication. Arch Sex Behav 2021; 50:1551-1567. [PMID: 33903968 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study presents a typology of identity gaps (Hecht, 1993), or cognitive, affective, and behavioral discrepancies between and among different parts of the self, that emerge in sexual partner communication. A total of 504 individuals in relationships they identified as or others ascribed as less common or less accepted than other kinds of relationships, including LGBQ, transgender and non-binary, BDSM, polyamorous, and interracial relationships, described instances in which parts of the self were in tension amid their intimate partner communication. These identity gaps occurred in tension with personal identity, or sense of self, or communal identity as a member of particular sexual and gender minority groups. Implications and areas for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Rubinsky
- Social Science Program, University of Maine at Augusta, 46 University Drive, Augusta, ME, 04330, USA.
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18
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Simmonds JE, Parry CDH, Abdullah F, Burnhams NH, Christofides N. "Knowledge I seek because culture doesn't work anymore … It doesn't work, death comes": the experiences of third-generation female caregivers (gogos) in South Africa discussing sex, sexuality and HIV and AIDS with children in their care. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:470. [PMID: 33750336 PMCID: PMC7941880 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sexual reproductive health communication between parents and children has been shown to promote safer sexual choices. In many South African households, third-generation female caregivers, often grandmothers or other older females, locally known as gogos, are primary caregivers of children due to parents being deceased or absent. Subsequently, the responsibility of talking about sex and related issues has shifted to these gogos. This study explored the experiences of gogos living in Alexandra, Johannesburg on talking about sex, sexuality and HIV and AIDS with children aged 10–18 years that are in their care. Methods Ten primary caregivers were purposively selected. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews. Thematic analysis was performed and inductive codes and themes identified. Results All gogos selected found it difficult to discuss sex, sexuality and HIV and AIDS due to culture and traditional values impacting on personal experiences as well as generation and gender barriers. Perceived low self-efficacy due to low levels of knowledge and limited skills in speaking about sex, sexuality and HIV and AIDS also contributed to low levels of sexual reproductive health communication. Conclusions This study highlights the need for interventions that focus on improving gogos’ knowledge about sexual reproductive health in addition to providing them with the skills to talk about sex, sexuality and HIV and AIDS with children in their care. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10494-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Simmonds
- Office of AIDS and TB, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa. .,School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Charles D H Parry
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Fareed Abdullah
- Office of AIDS and TB, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nadine Harker Burnhams
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicola Christofides
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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19
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Mariette J, Carcaud J, Sandoz JC. The neuroethology of olfactory sex communication in the honeybee Apis mellifera L. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 383:177-194. [PMID: 33447877 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The honeybee Apis mellifera L. is a crucial pollinator as well as a prominent scientific model organism, in particular for the neurobiological study of olfactory perception, learning, and memory. A wealth of information is indeed available about how the worker bee brain detects, processes, and learns about odorants. Comparatively, olfaction in males (the drones) and queens has received less attention, although they engage in a fascinating mating behavior that strongly relies on olfaction. Here, we present our current understanding of the molecules, cells, and circuits underlying bees' sexual communication. Mating in honeybees takes place at so-called drone congregation areas and places high in the air where thousands of drones gather and mate in dozens with virgin queens. One major queen-produced olfactory signal-9-ODA, the major component of the queen pheromone-has been known for decades to attract the drones. Since then, some of the neural pathways responsible for the processing of this pheromone have been unraveled. However, olfactory receptor expression as well as brain neuroanatomical data point to the existence of three additional major pathways in the drone brain, hinting at the existence of 4 major odorant cues involved in honeybee mating. We discuss current evidence about additional not only queen- but also drone-produced pheromonal signals possibly involved in bees' sexual behavior. We also examine data revealing recent evolutionary changes in drone's olfactory system in the Apis genus. Lastly, we present promising research avenues for progressing in our understanding of the neural basis of bees mating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mariette
- Evolution, Genomes, Behaviour and Ecology, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Julie Carcaud
- Evolution, Genomes, Behaviour and Ecology, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Sandoz
- Evolution, Genomes, Behaviour and Ecology, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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20
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Abstract
Few studies compare family communication about sex and relationships for sexual minority youth versus hetero-sexual teenagers. Further, existing studies often focus on mothers, overlooking fathers and extended family. Our survey of 952 adolescents aged 14-21 included 115 adolescents disclosing non-heterosexual attraction. Mothers offered more sexual protection methods messages to their non-SM teens, whereas fathers talked less with SM teens about risks of sex and relational sex. Most participants identified mothers, sisters, and female cousins, with male SMs having the highest number of disclosures to family members, whereas female and non-binary SMs confided in fewer family members or no one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Charmaraman
- Wellesley Centers for Women, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer M Grossman
- Wellesley Centers for Women, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amanda M Richer
- Wellesley Centers for Women, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Sears HA, Robinson BS, Byers ES. Young adolescents' responsiveness to sexual communication with their mother: Distinguishing diverse intentions. J Adolesc 2020; 80:136-144. [PMID: 32088415 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is unlikely that parents can have effective sexuality discussions with their adolescent if the adolescent is not responsive to their efforts. We evaluated young adolescents' intentions of being responsive to sexual communication with their mother and whether youths who were likely, ambivalent, or unlikely to be responsive differed on their characteristics, features of previous sexual communication, and features of the mother-adolescent relationship. METHODS Participants were 259 Canadian adolescents (12-14 years; 53% girls) who received and returned a survey by mail. They completed measures of responsiveness intentions, expected outcomes of sexual communication, extent of past sexual communication, the frequency with which mothers encouraged questions and provided information about sexuality topics, open communication, and mothers' provision of warmth, structure, and autonomy support. RESULTS We found that 37% of adolescents were likely to be responsive to sexual communication with their mother, 34% were ambivalent, and 29% were unlikely to be responsive. Youths' responsiveness intentions were general rather than topic-specific. A discriminant analysis showed that only features of previous sexual communication separated all three groups whereas specific mother-adolescent relationship features (open communication and structure) and one adolescent characteristic (expected outcomes) separated the unlikely group from the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Young adolescents' intentions of being responsive to sexual communication from their mother are diverse yet general in nature. Mothers' engagement in sexual communication appears essential for youths' openness to these discussions. Enhancing specific mother-adolescent relationship features and youths' outcome expectations may shift adolescents who are resistant to sexuality discussions to being more sure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Sears
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Brett S Robinson
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - E Sandra Byers
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
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22
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Pantalone DW, Holloway IW, Goldblatt AEA, Gorman KR, Herbitter C, Grov C. The Impact of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis on Sexual Communication and Sexual Behavior of Urban Gay and Bisexual Men. Arch Sex Behav 2020; 49:147-160. [PMID: 31628628 PMCID: PMC7018565 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-019-01478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has altered the public health landscape for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) by significantly increasing protection against HIV infection. Early epidemiologic data showed GBM generally used PrEP as prescribed, i.e., as an additional protective tool over and above barrier protection, although subsequent reports have been equivocal. Irrespective of population-level trends, some GBM appear to have reevaluated their HIV risk tolerance and changed their interactions with sex partners. Scant published data have focused on factors that influence PrEP-using GBM's decisions about sexual behavior-including condom use as well as sex with HIV-positive partners-and sexual communication practices. Thus, in this study, we investigated those research concerns qualitatively via content analysis of individual interviews conducted with 103 GBM in New York City (M age 32.5 years, 50% White, 64% on PrEP > 6 months). Emergent themes reflect (1) participants' strong HIV knowledge; (2) changing GBM community norms about condom use on PrEP; (3) increased focus on risk tolerance with individual differences in post-PrEP condom use; (4) appreciation for routine sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening in PrEP care concomitant with some STI knowledge deficits; (5) decreased stigma concerning, and greater comfort with, HIV-positive sex partners; and (6) increased confidence discussing HIV status and condom use preferences with partners. Findings have implications for future research as well as for clinical practice, such as enhanced STI education and provider-initiated discussions about risk compensation, serosorting, and sexual communication skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Pantalone
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ian W Holloway
- Department of Social Welfare, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Kaitlyn R Gorman
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Cara Herbitter
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Christian Grov
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
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Herbenick D, Eastman-Mueller H, Fu TC, Dodge B, Ponander K, Sanders SA. Women's Sexual Satisfaction, Communication, and Reasons for (No Longer) Faking Orgasm: Findings from a U.S. Probability Sample. Arch Sex Behav 2019; 48:2461-2472. [PMID: 31502071 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-019-01493-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to assess, among a U.S. probability sample of adult women: (1) the prevalence of, and reasons given for, faking and no longer faking orgasm, (2) women's histories of sexual non-communication and reasons for non-communication, (3) associations between sexual non-communication and sexual satisfaction and faking orgasm, (4) associations between specific sexual communication and recent sexual satisfaction, and (5) associations between specific sexual communication and faking orgasm. Respondents were 1008 adult women ages 18-94 from the GfK KnowledgePanel (a nationally representative probability sample of non-institutionalized and English-speaking adults), who completed a confidential Internet-based survey. Although 58.8% of female respondents reported having ever faked/pretended orgasm, 67.3% of those who had ever faked orgasm no longer did. Women who continued to fake orgasms were more likely to indicate embarrassment talking about sex with their partner in explicit ways and were less likely to agree that they and their partner are able to talk specifically about what makes sex more pleasurable for them. More than half (55.4%) of women reported they had wanted to communicate with a partner regarding sex but decided not to; the most common reasons were not wanting to hurt a partner's feelings (42.4%), not feeling comfortable going into detail (40.2%), and embarrassment (37.7%). Greater self-reported sexual satisfaction was associated with more comfortable sexual communication. Study findings and implications for professionals are discussed in the context of adult sexual development and learning. This includes growing more comfortable talking with a partner about sexual preferences and sexual pleasure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debby Herbenick
- The Center for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University School of Public Health, Room 116, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Heather Eastman-Mueller
- The Center for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University School of Public Health, Room 116, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Tsung-Chieh Fu
- The Center for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University School of Public Health, Room 116, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Brian Dodge
- The Center for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University School of Public Health, Room 116, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Kia Ponander
- Indiana University Health Center, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Stephanie A Sanders
- Department of Gender Studies, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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24
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Zobel-Thropp PA, Bulger EA, Cordes MHJ, Binford GJ, Gillespie RG, Brewer MS. Sexually dimorphic venom proteins in long-jawed orb-weaving spiders ( Tetragnatha) comprise novel gene families. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4691. [PMID: 29876146 PMCID: PMC5985773 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Venom has been associated with the ecological success of many groups of organisms, most notably reptiles, gastropods, and arachnids. In some cases, diversification has been directly linked to tailoring of venoms for dietary specialization. Spiders in particular are known for their diverse venoms and wide range of predatory behaviors, although there is much to learn about scales of variation in venom composition and function. The current study focuses on venom characteristics in different sexes within a species of spider. We chose the genus Tetragnatha (Tetragnathidae) because of its unusual courtship behavior involving interlocking of the venom delivering chelicerae (i.e., the jaws), and several species in the genus are already known to have sexually dimorphic venoms. Here, we use transcriptome and proteome analyses to identify venom components that are dimorphic in Tetragnatha versicolor. We present cDNA sequences including unique, male-specific high molecular weight proteins that have remote, if any, detectable similarity to known venom components in spiders or other venomous lineages and have no detectable homologs in existing databases. While the function of these proteins is not known, their presence in association with the cheliceral locking mechanism during mating together with the presence of prolonged male-male mating attempts in a related, cheliceral-locking species (Doryonychus raptor) lacking the dimorphism suggests potential for a role in sexual communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Zobel-Thropp
- Department of Biology, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Emily A Bulger
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Matthew H J Cordes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Greta J Binford
- Department of Biology, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Rosemary G Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael S Brewer
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States of America
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25
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Rehman US, Lizdek I, Fallis EE, Sutherland S, Goodnight JA. How Is Sexual Communication Different from Nonsexual Communication? A Moment-by-Moment Analysis of Discussions Between Romantic Partners. Arch Sex Behav 2017; 46:2339-2352. [PMID: 28681190 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-017-1006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Our goal was to investigate whether systematic differences exist in how couples discuss sexual versus nonsexual conflicts in their relationships and to explore the nature of these differences. We compared sexual and nonsexual conflict discussions on two key dimensions of interpersonal behavior: warmth and dominance. Past theoretical work suggests that there are unique barriers to sexual communication that lead partners to perceive such communication as being more threatening to the relationship and to the self (Metts & Cupach, 1989). Empirical findings have supported this perspective by demonstrating that sexual communication tends to be avoided by couples (e.g., Byers, 2011). Extending this notion further, we reasoned that relationship partners should behave in ways to mitigate the increased perceived threat associated with sexual communication, leading to observable differences in how couples navigate sexual versus nonsexual relationship conflicts. We recruited a sample of 115 couples in established relationships and asked each couple to engage in two recorded interactions: one sexual and one nonsexual conflict discussion. Subsequently, each partner was coded continuously on the two dimensions of warmth and dominance. We found a number of differences in how couples discussed sexual versus nonsexual conflicts. Further, couples reported higher levels of anxiety in advance of sexual, as compared to nonsexual, conflict discussions. However, anxiety did not mediate the observed differences in communication. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma S Rehman
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Ivana Lizdek
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Erin E Fallis
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Siobhan Sutherland
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Lebreton S, Borrero-Echeverry F, Gonzalez F, Solum M, Wallin EA, Hedenström E, Hansson BS, Gustavsson AL, Bengtsson M, Birgersson G, Walker WB, Dweck HKM, Becher PG, Witzgall P. A Drosophila female pheromone elicits species-specific long-range attraction via an olfactory channel with dual specificity for sex and food. BMC Biol 2017; 15:88. [PMID: 28962619 PMCID: PMC5622430 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mate finding and recognition in animals evolves during niche adaptation and involves social signals and habitat cues. Drosophila melanogaster and related species are known to be attracted to fermenting fruit for feeding and egg-laying, which poses the question of whether species-specific fly odours contribute to long-range premating communication. Results We have discovered an olfactory channel in D. melanogaster with a dual affinity to sex and food odorants. Female flies release a pheromone, (Z)-4-undecenal (Z4-11Al), that elicits flight attraction in both sexes. Its biosynthetic precursor is the cuticular hydrocarbon (Z,Z)-7,11-heptacosadiene (7,11-HD), which is known to afford reproductive isolation between the sibling species D. melanogaster and D. simulans during courtship. Twin olfactory receptors, Or69aB and Or69aA, are tuned to Z4-11Al and food odorants, respectively. They are co-expressed in the same olfactory sensory neurons, and feed into a neural circuit mediating species-specific, long-range communication; however, the close relative D. simulans, which shares food resources with D. melanogaster, does not respond to Z4-11Al. Conclusion The Or69aA and Or69aB isoforms have adopted dual olfactory traits. The underlying gene yields a collaboration between natural and sexual selection, which has the potential to drive speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Lebreton
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Felipe Borrero-Echeverry
- Biological Control Laboratory, Colombian Corporation of Agricultural Research, AA 240142 Las Palmas, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Francisco Gonzalez
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Marit Solum
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Erika A Wallin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, 85170, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Erik Hedenström
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, 85170, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Gustavsson
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 172, 17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - Marie Bengtsson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Göran Birgersson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - William B Walker
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Hany K M Dweck
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Paul G Becher
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Peter Witzgall
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 102, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
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Abstract
Latina women in stable relationships have risks for human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted infections. Improving safe sexual communication (SSC) could enable women to accurately assess and mitigate their risk of infection within their relationship. Literature to identify psychosocial correlates that facilitate or inhibit SSC between Latina women and their partners has not yet been synthesized. The purpose of this study was to conduct an integrative review and synthesis of empirical and theoretical research that examines psychosocial correlates of SSC among adult Latina women from the United States, Latina America, and the Caribbean with stable male partners. A systematic search of LILACS, EBSCO, and PsychInfo databases was conducted to identify qualitative and quantitative studies that investigated psychosocial correlates of SSC among adult Latina women with a stable male partner. Pertinent data were abstracted and quality of individual studies was appraised. A qualitative synthesis was conducted following Miles and Huberman's method. Five qualitative and three quantitative studies meet eligibility criteria. Factors related to SSC related to three main themes: (1) relationship factors such as length, quality, and power/control, (2) individual factors including attitudes, beliefs, background, behaviors, and intrapersonal characteristics, and (3) partner factors related to partner beliefs and behaviors. The interplay of relationship, individual, and partner factors should be considered in the assessment of SSC for Latina women with their stable partners. To inform future interventions and clinical guidelines, additional research is needed to identify which factors are most related to SSC for this population, and how comparable experiences are for Latina women of different subcultures and living in different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Luft
- a School of Nursing , Columbia University , New York City , NY , USA
| | - Elaine Larson
- a School of Nursing , Columbia University , New York City , NY , USA
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Rancourt KM, Rosen NO, Bergeron S, Nealis LJ. Talking About Sex When Sex Is Painful: Dyadic Sexual Communication Is Associated With Women's Pain, and Couples' Sexual and Psychological Outcomes in Provoked Vestibulodynia. Arch Sex Behav 2016; 45:1933-1944. [PMID: 26739823 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-015-0670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) is a recurrent vulvovaginal pain condition associated with psychological and sexual consequences for affected women and their partners, including lower quality of dyadic sexual communication compared to pain-free couples. Although greater sexual communication is associated with positive sexual and relational outcomes for both pain-free couples and couples experiencing painful sex, little is known about its role in women's pain and psychological outcomes, especially in a relational context. The present study examined associations between dyadic sexual communication and pain, sexual satisfaction, sexual functioning, and depressive symptoms in a sample of 107 couples in which the woman was diagnosed with PVD via a standardized gynecological assessment. Women completed a measure of pain intensity, and both members of the couple completed measures of their dyadic sexual communication, sexual satisfaction, sexual functioning, and depressive symptoms. Analyses were guided by the actor-partner interdependence model. Women and partners' own perceptions of greater dyadic sexual communication were associated with their own greater sexual satisfaction and sexual functioning, and lower depressive symptoms. Partners' perceptions of greater dyadic sexual communication were also associated with women's lower pain and greater sexual satisfaction. Results point to the importance of dyadic coping conceptualizations for both individual and interpersonal outcomes in PVD. Dyadic sexual communication may be a key treatment target for interventions aimed at improving the pain and psychological and sexual impairments of women with PVD and their partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Rancourt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Natalie O Rosen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sophie Bergeron
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Logan J Nealis
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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Norton MK, Smith MV, Magriples U, Kershaw TS. Masculine Ideology, Sexual Communication, and Sexual Self-Efficacy Among Parenting Adolescent Couples. Am J Community Psychol 2016; 58:27-35. [PMID: 27539234 PMCID: PMC8728791 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between traditional masculine role norms (status, toughness, anti-femininity) and psychosocial mechanisms of sexual risk (sexual communication, sexual self-efficacy) among young, low-income, and minority parenting couples. Between 2007 and 2011, 296 pregnant adolescent females and their male partners were recruited from urban obstetrics clinics in Connecticut. Data regarding participants' beliefs in masculine role norms, frequency of general sex communication and sexual risk communication, and sexual self-efficacy were collected via computer-assisted self-interviews. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to test for actor effects (whether a person's masculine role norms at baseline influence the person's own psychosocial variables at 6-month follow-up) and partner effects (whether a partner's masculine role norms at baseline influence an actor's psychosocial variables at 6-month follow-up). Results revealed that higher actor status norms were significantly associated with more sexual self-efficacy, higher actor toughness norms were associated with less sexual self-efficacy, and higher actor anti-femininity norms were significantly associated with less general sex communication, sexual risk communication, and sexual self-efficacy. No partner effects were found. These results indicate a need for redefining masculine role norms through family centered approaches in pregnant or parenting adolescent couples to increase sexual communication and sexual self-efficacy. Further research is needed to understand partner effects in the context of a relationship and on subsequent sexual risk behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan V Smith
- Departments of Psychiatry and in the Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Urania Magriples
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Trace S Kershaw
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, New Haven, CT, USA
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Macapagal K, Coventry R, Puckett JA, Phillips G, Mustanski B. Geosocial Networking App Use Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Serious Romantic Relationships. Arch Sex Behav 2016; 45:1513-24. [PMID: 26969319 PMCID: PMC4945452 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-016-0698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Geosocial networking (GSN) mobile phone applications ("apps") are used frequently among men who have sex with men (MSM) to socialize and meet sexual partners. Though GSN apps are used by some MSM in partnered relationships, little is known about how the use of GSN apps among MSM in serious romantic relationships can influence couples' sexual and relationship health. MSM in serious relationships (N = 323; M age = 40 years) were recruited through a popular GSN app for MSM. Participants completed open-ended items regarding the costs and benefits of app use to their relationships, discussions of app use with their partners, and preferences for relationship education related to app use. Reported benefits of app use included improving sex and communication with one's primary partner and fulfilling unmet sexual needs. Although approximately half had not discussed app use with their partners, citing app use as a "non-issue," many cited various drawbacks to app use, including jealousy and being a distraction from the relationship. Few described sexual health concerns as a drawback to meeting partners through apps. Regarding relationship education preferences, most wanted help with general communication skills and how to express one's sexual needs to a partner. Although GSN app use can enhance relationships and sex among partnered MSM, unclear communication about app use may contribute to negative relationship outcomes and could prevent partners from having sexual needs met. Relationship and sexual health education programs for male couples should consider addressing social media and technology use in their curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Macapagal
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 2700, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Ryan Coventry
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 2700, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jae A Puckett
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 2700, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Gregory Phillips
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 2700, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 2700, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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Wyman MT, Locatelli Y, Charlton BD, Reby D. Female Sexual Preferences Toward Conspecific and Hybrid Male Mating Calls in Two Species of Polygynous Deer, Cervus elaphus and C. nippon. Evol Biol 2015; 43:227-241. [PMID: 27217596 PMCID: PMC4860407 DOI: 10.1007/s11692-015-9357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The behavioral processes at the basis of hybridization and introgression are understudied in terrestrial mammals. We use a unique model to test the role of sexual signals as a reproductive barrier to introgression by investigating behavioral responses to male sexual calls in estrous females of two naturally allopatric but reproductively compatible deer species, red deer and sika deer. Previous studies demonstrated asymmetries in acoustic species discrimination between these species: most but not all female red deer prefer conspecific over sika deer male calls while female sika deer exhibit no preference differences. Here, we extend this examination of acoustic species discrimination to the role of male sexual calls in introgression between parent species and hybrids. Using two-speaker playback experiments, we compared the preference responses of estrous female red and sika deer to male sexual calls from conspecifics versus red × sika hybrids. These playbacks simulate early secondary contact between previously allopatric species after hybridization has occurred. Based on previous conspecific versus heterospecific playbacks, we predicted that most female red deer would prefer conspecific calls while female sika deer would show no difference in their preference behaviors toward conspecific and hybrid calls. However, results show that previous asymmetries did not persist as neither species exhibited more preferences for conspecific over hybrid calls. Thus, vocal behavior is not likely to deter introgression between these species during the early stages of sympatry. On a wider scale, weak discrimination against hybrid sexual signals could substantially contribute to this important evolutionary process in mammals and other taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan T. Wyman
- />Mammal Vocal Communication and Cognition Research, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9QH UK
- />Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, 1331 Academic Surge Building, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Yann Locatelli
- />Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Réserve de la Haute Touche, 36290 Obterre, France
| | - Benjamin D. Charlton
- />School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David Reby
- />Mammal Vocal Communication and Cognition Research, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9QH UK
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Leddy A, Chakravarty D, Dladla S, de Bruyn G, Darbes L. Sexual communication self-efficacy, hegemonic masculine norms and condom use among heterosexual couples in South Africa. AIDS Care 2015; 28:228-33. [PMID: 26344386 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2015.1080792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hegemonic masculine norms (HMN), which promote sexual risk-taking among males and the subordination of women, are believed to play a key role in the HIV epidemic among heterosexual couples in South Africa (SA). Sexual communication self-efficacy (SCSE) (i.e., a couple's confidence in their ability to communicate about HIV prevention) may be a key leverage point for increasing HIV prevention behaviors among this population. We interviewed 163 sexually active heterosexual couples in Soweto, SA to investigate the association between SCSE, HMN, and consistent condom use. We collected information on demographics, relationship dynamics, and sexual activity. We utilized the SCSE scale to measure couples' SCSE, and a subscale of the Gender Equitable Men scale to measure HMN among males. We performed bivariate and multivariable analyses to determine the association of consistent condom use with couples' SCSE as well as the male partner's endorsement of HMN. We found that couples with higher SCSE have greater odds of consistent condom use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.15-1.47). Furthermore, male endorsement of HMN was found to be negatively associated with consistent condom use among couples (AOR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.24-0.89). Joint HIV serostatus was not significantly associated with the outcome. Future interventions that equip heterosexual couples with sexual communication skills, while simultaneously promoting more gender equitable norms, may increase consistent condom use and thereby reduce the transmission of HIV among this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leddy
- a Department of Health, Behavior and Society , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Deepalika Chakravarty
- b Center for AIDS Prevention Studies and Global Health Sciences , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA.,c Center for Research and Education on Gender and Sexuality , San Francisco State University , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Sibongile Dladla
- d Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwaterstrand , Soweto , South Africa
| | - Guy de Bruyn
- d Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwaterstrand , Soweto , South Africa
| | - Lynae Darbes
- b Center for AIDS Prevention Studies and Global Health Sciences , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
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Schmid A, Leonard NR, Ritchie AS, Gwadz MV. Assertive Communication in Condom Negotiation: Insights From Late Adolescent Couples' Subjective Ratings of Self and Partner. J Adolesc Health 2015; 57:94-9. [PMID: 25937470 PMCID: PMC4478194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Assertive communication has been associated with higher levels of condom use among youth using self-report survey methodology. The purpose of this study was to examine the subjective ratings of assertiveness among young, romantically involved couples in the context of a condom negotiation task. METHODS Using an innovative video-recall procedure, 32 couples (64 youth) engaged in a videotaped condom negotiation task and then rated self and partners' level of assertiveness. Both individual ratings of assertiveness and couple-level assertiveness were assessed using dyadic hierarchical linear modeling. RESULTS Individuals' assertiveness was positively associated with condom use. Unexpectedly, the overall level of assertiveness in couples showed a curvilinear association with condom use. Very high and very low assertiveness was associated with lower condom use, whereas moderate levels of assertiveness were associated with higher condom use. CONCLUSIONS Moderate levels of assertiveness during condom negotiation may facilitate condom use in young couples. Increasing condom use among romantic partners may require developing interventions that strengthen youths' ability to engage in assertive communication strategies that balance emotional intimacy with self-advocacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Schmid
- Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Noelle R Leonard
- Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York; Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, College of Nursing, New York University, New York, New York.
| | - Amanda S Ritchie
- Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, College of Nursing, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Marya V Gwadz
- Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, College of Nursing, New York University, New York, New York
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Abstract
PURPOSE Assertive communication has been associated with higher levels of condom use among youth using self-report survey methodology. The purpose of this study was to examine the subjective ratings of assertiveness among young, romantically involved couples in the context of a condom negotiation task. METHODS Using an innovative video-recall procedure, 32 couples (64 youth) engaged in a videotaped condom negotiation task and then rated self and partners' level of assertiveness. Both individual ratings of assertiveness and couple-level assertiveness were assessed using dyadic hierarchical linear modeling. RESULTS Individuals' assertiveness was positively associated with condom use. Unexpectedly, the overall level of assertiveness in couples showed a curvilinear association with condom use. Very high and very low assertiveness was associated with lower condom use, whereas moderate levels of assertiveness were associated with higher condom use. CONCLUSIONS Moderate levels of assertiveness during condom negotiation may facilitate condom use in young couples. Increasing condom use among romantic partners may require developing interventions that strengthen youths' ability to engage in assertive communication strategies that balance emotional intimacy with self-advocacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Schmid
- Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Noelle R Leonard
- Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York; Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, College of Nursing, New York University, New York, New York.
| | - Amanda S Ritchie
- Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, College of Nursing, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Marya V Gwadz
- Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, College of Nursing, New York University, New York, New York
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Aronowitz T, Ogunlade IJ, Nwosu C, Gona PN. Sexual communication intervention for African American mothers & daughters. Appl Nurs Res 2015; 28:229-34. [PMID: 26074297 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African American girls ages 13-19 comprised nearly 3 out of 4 new cases of HIV in 2009. The goal of this study was to deliver a theoretically-driven intervention to test the feasibility for recruitment and retention of mother-daughter dyads. METHODS Twenty mother-daughter dyads were recruited from a community health center between February-April 2014. Comparisons were made between pre- and post-intervention scores using percent change. RESULTS Twelve dyads (60%) completed the intervention. There were no demographic differences between completers and noncompleters. Notable post-intervention percent increases in scores were observed in the domains: Sexual knowledge (15%), confidence to talk (23.2%); and openness of sexual communication (26.4%). CONCLUSION Our small-sized study showed promise in the intervention. Increasing sexual communication between African American mothers and daughters is likely to be sustainable over time and across relationships, and thus have a greater impact on HIV-prevention behaviors later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teri Aronowitz
- Department of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, USA 02125.
| | | | - Chizoba Nwosu
- Department of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, USA 02125
| | - Philimon N Gona
- Department of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, USA 02125
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