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Sadler DE, Watts PC, Uusi-Heikkilä S. Directional selection, not the direction of selection, affects telomere length and copy number at ribosomal RNA loci. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12162. [PMID: 38802448 PMCID: PMC11130246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Many fisheries exert directional selection on traits such as body size and growth rate. Whether directional selection impacts regions of the genome associated with traits related to growth is unknown. To address this issue, we characterised copy number variation in three regions of the genome associated with cell division, (1) telomeric DNA, (2) loci transcribed as ribosomal RNA (rDNA), and (3) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), in three selection lines of zebrafish reared at three temperatures (22 °C, 28 °C, and 34 °C). Selection lines differed in (1) the direction of selection (two lines experienced directional selection for large or small body size) and (2) whether they experienced any directional selection itself. Lines that had experienced directional selection were smaller, had lower growth rate, shorter telomeres, and lower rDNA copy number than the line that experiencing no directional selection. Neither telomere length nor rDNA copy number were affected by temperature. In contrast, mtDNA content increased at elevated temperature but did not differ among selection lines. Though directional selection impacts rDNA and telomere length, direction of such selection did not matter, whereas mtDNA acts as a stress marker for temperature. Future work should examine the consequences of these genomic changes in natural fish stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Sadler
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Phillip C Watts
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Silva Uusi-Heikkilä
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
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2
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Jernfors T, Lavrinienko A, Vareniuk I, Landberg R, Fristedt R, Tkachenko O, Taskinen S, Tukalenko E, Mappes T, Watts PC. Association between gut health and gut microbiota in a polluted environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169804. [PMID: 38184263 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Animals host complex bacterial communities in their gastrointestinal tracts, with which they share a mutualistic interaction. The numerous effects these interactions grant to the host include regulation of the immune system, defense against pathogen invasion, digestion of otherwise undigestible foodstuffs, and impacts on host behaviour. Exposure to stressors, such as environmental pollution, parasites, and/or predators, can alter the composition of the gut microbiome, potentially affecting host-microbiome interactions that can be manifest in the host as, for example, metabolic dysfunction or inflammation. However, whether a change in gut microbiota in wild animals associates with a change in host condition is seldom examined. Thus, we quantified whether wild bank voles inhabiting a polluted environment, areas where there are environmental radionuclides, exhibited a change in gut microbiota (using 16S amplicon sequencing) and concomitant change in host health using a combined approach of transcriptomics, histological staining analyses of colon tissue, and quantification of short-chain fatty acids in faeces and blood. Concomitant with a change in gut microbiota in animals inhabiting contaminated areas, we found evidence of poor gut health in the host, such as hypotrophy of goblet cells and likely weakened mucus layer and related changes in Clca1 and Agr2 gene expression, but no visible inflammation in colon tissue. Through this case study we show that inhabiting a polluted environment can have wide reaching effects on the gut health of affected animals, and that gut health and other host health parameters should be examined together with gut microbiota in ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Jernfors
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland.
| | - Anton Lavrinienko
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland; Laboratory of Food Systems Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Igor Vareniuk
- Department of Cytology, Histology and Reproductive Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rikard Fristedt
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olena Tkachenko
- Department of Cytology, Histology and Reproductive Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine
| | - Sara Taskinen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Eugene Tukalenko
- Department of Radiobiology and Radioecology, Institute for Nuclear Research of NAS of Ukraine, 020000, Ukraine
| | - Tapio Mappes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Phillip C Watts
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
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3
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Sleiman A, Lalanne K, Vianna F, Perrot Y, Richaud M, SenGupta T, Cardot-Martin M, Pedini P, Picard C, Nilsen H, Galas S, Adam-Guillermin C. Targeted Central Nervous System Irradiation with Proton Microbeam Induces Mitochondrial Changes in Caenorhabditis elegans. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:839. [PMID: 37372124 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Fifty percent of all patients with cancer worldwide require radiotherapy. In the case of brain tumors, despite the improvement in the precision of radiation delivery with proton therapy, studies have shown structural and functional changes in the brains of treated patients with protons. The molecular pathways involved in generating these effects are not completely understood. In this context, we analyzed the impact of proton exposure in the central nervous system area of Caenorhabditis elegans with a focus on mitochondrial function, which is potentially implicated in the occurrence of radiation-induced damage. To achieve this objective, the nematode C. elegans were micro-irradiated with 220 Gy of protons (4 MeV) in the nerve ring (head region) using the proton microbeam, MIRCOM. Our results show that protons induce mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by an immediate dose-dependent loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) associated with oxidative stress 24 h after irradiation, which is itself characterized by the induction of the antioxidant proteins in the targeted region, observed using SOD-1::GFP and SOD-3::GFP strains. Moreover, we demonstrated a two-fold increase in the mtDNA copy number in the targeted region 24 h after irradiation. In addition, using the GFP::LGG-1 strain, an induction of autophagy in the irradiated region was observed 6 h following the irradiation, which is associated with the up-regulation of the gene expression of pink-1 (PTEN-induced kinase) and pdr-1 (C. elegans parkin homolog). Furthermore, our data showed that micro-irradiation of the nerve ring region did not impact the whole-body oxygen consumption 24 h following the irradiation. These results indicate a global mitochondrial dysfunction in the irradiated region following proton exposure. This provides a better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in radiation-induced side effects and may help in finding new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Sleiman
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LMDN, Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Kévin Lalanne
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LMDN, Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - François Vianna
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LMDN, Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Yann Perrot
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LDRI, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Myriam Richaud
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Tanima SenGupta
- Section of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Mikaël Cardot-Martin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LMDN, Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Pascal Pedini
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, EFS, ADES, 13288 Marseille, France
| | | | - Hilde Nilsen
- Section of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Simon Galas
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Adam-Guillermin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, IRSN, PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LMDN, Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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4
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Roy A, Kandettu A, Ray S, Chakrabarty S. Mitochondrial DNA replication and repair defects: Clinical phenotypes and therapeutic interventions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2022; 1863:148554. [PMID: 35341749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria is a unique cellular organelle involved in multiple cellular processes and is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. This semi-autonomous organelle contains its circular genome - mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA), that undergoes continuous cycles of replication and repair to maintain the mitochondrial genome integrity. The majority of the mitochondrial genes, including mitochondrial replisome and repair genes, are nuclear-encoded. Although the repair machinery of mitochondria is quite efficient, the mitochondrial genome is highly susceptible to oxidative damage and other types of exogenous and endogenous agent-induced DNA damage, due to the absence of protective histones and their proximity to the main ROS production sites. Mutations in replication and repair genes of mitochondria can result in mtDNA depletion and deletions subsequently leading to mitochondrial genome instability. The combined action of mutations and deletions can result in compromised mitochondrial genome maintenance and lead to various mitochondrial disorders. Here, we review the mechanism of mitochondrial DNA replication and repair process, key proteins involved, and their altered function in mitochondrial disorders. The focus of this review will be on the key genes of mitochondrial DNA replication and repair machinery and the clinical phenotypes associated with mutations in these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhipsa Roy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Amoolya Kandettu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Swagat Ray
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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5
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Bulgakova O, Kussainova A, Kakabayev A, Aripova A, Baikenova G, Izzotti A, Bersimbaev R. The level of free-circulating mtDNA in patients with radon-induced lung cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112215. [PMID: 34656631 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE According to the World Health Organization, radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking. Cell free circulating mitochondrial DNA (cf mtDNA) have been used not only as a biomarker of carcinogenesis but also as a biomarker of exposure to radiation, but nothing is known about changes in the level of cf mtDNA following radon exposure. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate the cf mtDNA copy number as a biomarker of the response to radon exposure in lung cancer pathogenesis. METHODS 207 subjects were examined including 41 radon-exposed lung cancer patients, 40 lung cancer patients without radon exposure and 126 healthy controls exposed/not exposed to high level of radon. Total cell free circulating DNA from blood samples was extracted and used to detect cell free circulating mitochondrial DNA copy number by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS Our data indicate that the level of cf mtDNA in the radon-induced lung cancer patients was significantly higher than that of the other study participants. There was a significant difference in the level of cf mtDNA in the blood plasma of healthy volunteers exposed and not exposed to high doses of radon. Moreover, in healthy volunteers living in areas with high radon levels, the mtDNA copy number was higher than that in patients with lung cancer who were not exposed to high doses of radon. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence for a possible role of cf mtDNA as a promising biomarker of lung cancer induced by exposure to high dose of radon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bulgakova
- L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Assiya Kussainova
- L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Akmaral Aripova
- L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulim Baikenova
- Sh. Ualikhanov Kokshetau State University, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico SanMartino, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Rakhmetkazhi Bersimbaev
- L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
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6
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Leuthner TC, Meyer JN. Mitochondrial DNA Mutagenesis: Feature of and Biomarker for Environmental Exposures and Aging. Curr Environ Health Rep 2021; 8:294-308. [PMID: 34761353 PMCID: PMC8826492 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-021-00329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging. Mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) instability contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction, and mtDNA mutagenesis may contribute to aging. However, the origin of mtDNA mutations remains somewhat controversial. The goals of this review are to introduce and review recent literature on mtDNA mutagenesis and aging, address recent animal and epidemiological evidence for the effects of chemicals on mtDNA damage and mutagenesis, propose hypotheses regarding the contribution of environmental toxicant exposure to mtDNA mutagenesis in the context of aging, and suggest future directions and approaches for environmental health researchers. RECENT FINDINGS Stressors such as pollutants, pharmaceuticals, and ultraviolet radiation can damage the mitochondrial genome or disrupt mtDNA replication, repair, and organelle homeostatic processes, potentially influencing the rate of accumulation of mtDNA mutations. Accelerated mtDNA mutagenesis could contribute to aging, diseases of aging, and sensitize individuals with pathogenic mtDNA variants to stressors. We propose three potential mechanisms of toxicant-induced effects on mtDNA mutagenesis over lifespan: (1) increased de novo mtDNA mutations, (2) altered frequencies of mtDNA mutations, or (3) both. There are remarkably few studies that have investigated the impact of environmental chemical exposures on mtDNA instability and mutagenesis, and even fewer in the context of aging. More studies are warranted because people are exposed to tens of thousands of chemicals, and are living longer. Finally, we suggest that toxicant-induced mtDNA damage and mutational signatures may be a sensitive biomarker for some exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess C Leuthner
- Nicholas School of the Environment, 9 Circuit Dr, Box 90328, Duke University, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, 9 Circuit Dr, Box 90328, Duke University, NC, 27708, USA.
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7
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Abstract
Environmental disasters offer the unique opportunity for landscape-scale ecological and evolutionary studies that are not possible in the laboratory or small experimental plots. The nuclear accident at Chernobyl (1986) allows for rigorous analyses of radiation effects on individuals and populations at an ecosystem scale. Here, the current state of knowledge related to populations within the Chernobyl region of Ukraine and Belarus following the largest civil nuclear accident in history is reviewed. There is now a significant literature that provides contrasting and occasionally conflicting views of the state of animals and how they are affected by this mutagenic stressor. Studies of genetic and physiological effects have largely suggested significant injuries to individuals inhabiting the more radioactive areas of the Chernobyl region. Most population censuses for most species suggest that abundances are reduced in the more radioactive areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Mousseau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
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8
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Jernfors T, Danforth J, Kesäniemi J, Lavrinienko A, Tukalenko E, Fajkus J, Dvořáčková M, Mappes T, Watts PC. Expansion of rDNA and pericentromere satellite repeats in the genomes of bank voles Myodes glareolus exposed to environmental radionuclides. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:8754-8767. [PMID: 34257925 PMCID: PMC8258220 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered copy number of certain highly repetitive regions of the genome, such as satellite DNA within heterochromatin and ribosomal RNA loci (rDNA), is hypothesized to help safeguard the genome against damage derived from external stressors. We quantified copy number of the 18S rDNA and a pericentromeric satellite DNA (Msat-160) in bank voles (Myodes glareolus) inhabiting the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ), an area that is contaminated by radionuclides and where organisms are exposed to elevated levels of ionizing radiation. We found a significant increase in 18S rDNA and Msat-160 content in the genomes of bank voles from contaminated locations within the CEZ compared with animals from uncontaminated locations. Moreover, 18S rDNA and Msat-160 copy number were positively correlated in the genomes of bank voles from uncontaminated, but not in the genomes of animals inhabiting contaminated, areas. These results show the capacity for local-scale geographic variation in genome architecture and are consistent with the genomic safeguard hypothesis. Disruption of cellular processes related to genomic stability appears to be a hallmark effect in bank voles inhabiting areas contaminated by radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Jernfors
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - John Danforth
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyRobson DNA Science CentreArnie Charbonneau Cancer InstituteCumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | - Jenni Kesäniemi
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Anton Lavrinienko
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Eugene Tukalenko
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical ScienceKyivUkraine
| | - Jiří Fajkus
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and ProteomicsCentral European Institute of Technology (CEITEC)Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and ProteomicsNCBRFaculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology and RadiobiologyInstitute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Martina Dvořáčková
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and ProteomicsCentral European Institute of Technology (CEITEC)Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Tapio Mappes
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Phillip C. Watts
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
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Spatola GJ, Ostrander EA, Mousseau TA. The effects of ionizing radiation on domestic dogs: a review of the atomic bomb testing era. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1799-1815. [PMID: 33987930 PMCID: PMC8429057 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dogs were frequently employed as laboratory subjects during the era of atomic bomb testing (1950–1980), particularly in studies used to generate predictive data regarding the expected effects of accidental human occupational exposure to radiation. The bulk of these studies were only partly reported in the primary literature, despite providing vital information regarding the effects of radiation exposure on a model mammalian species. Herein we review this literature and summarize the biological effects in relation to the isotopes used and the method of radionuclide exposure. Overall, these studies demonstrate the wide range of developmental and physiological effects of exposure to radiation and radionuclides in a mid‐sized mammal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella J Spatola
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, U.S.A.,Graduate Partnerships Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, U.S.A
| | - Elaine A Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, U.S.A
| | - Timothy A Mousseau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, U.S.A.,SURA/LASSO/NASA, ISS Utilization and Life Sciences Division, Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, FL, 32899, U.S.A
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10
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Bora S, Vardhan GSH, Deka N, Khataniar L, Gogoi D, Baruah A. Paraquat exposure over generation affects lifespan and reproduction through mitochondrial disruption in C. elegans. Toxicology 2020; 447:152632. [PMID: 33197508 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (methyl viologen), is a non-selective contact herbicide and well known mitochondrial toxicant. Mitochondria are the center of cellular metabolism, and involved in the development, lifespan, and reproduction of an organism. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that are inherited maternally through the germline and carry multiple copies of their own genome (mtDNA). It is important to understand the effects of acute and chronic stress caused by mitochondrial toxicants over multiple generations at the cellular and organism levels. Using the model nematode C. elegans, we show that acute and chronic exposure to paraquat affects reproduction, longevity, gene expression, and mitochondrial physiology. Acute exposure to paraquat in N2 (wild type) causes induction of mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR), increased expression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), a dose-dependent progression from linear to fragmented mitochondria, and dose-dependent changes in longevity. Chronic exposure to a low dose of paraquat (0.035 mM) over multiple generations in N2 causes a progressive decline of fertility, leading to complete loss of fertile embryo production by the third generation. The mutation in CEP-1 [cep-1(gk138)], a key regulator of stress-induced apoptosis in the germline, causes increased sensitivity to chronic paraquat relative to N2 with no fertile embryo production beyond the second generation. Whereas, mitochondrial electron transport chain (complex III) mutant [isp-1(qm150)], which display constitutive activation of mtUPR showed increased tolerance and produced fertile embryo out to the fourth generation. The N2, cep-1(gk138), and isp-1(qm150) strain's lifespan over multiple generations exposed to chronic paraquat were measured. Fertility and lifespan data together indicate a trade-off between reproduction and somatic maintenance during chronic paraquat exposure. We have proposed that mitochondrial signaling, dynamics, and CEP-1 mediated germline apoptosis is involved in this trade-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Bora
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13, India
| | | | - Nikhita Deka
- DBT-NECAB, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13, India
| | - Lipika Khataniar
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13, India
| | - Debajani Gogoi
- DBT-NECAB, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13, India
| | - Aiswarya Baruah
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13, India; DBT-NECAB, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13, India.
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11
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Lavrinienko A, Tukalenko E, Kesäniemi J, Kivisaari K, Masiuk S, Boratyński Z, Mousseau TA, Milinevsky G, Mappes T, Watts PC. Applying the Anna Karenina principle for wild animal gut microbiota: Temporal stability of the bank vole gut microbiota in a disturbed environment. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:2617-2630. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugene Tukalenko
- Ecology and Genetics University of Oulu Oulu Finland
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Science Kyiv Ukraine
| | | | - Kati Kivisaari
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Sergii Masiuk
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Science Kyiv Ukraine
- Ukrainian Radiation Protection Institute Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Zbyszek Boratyński
- CIBIO‐InBIO Associate Laboratory Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic ResourcesUniversity of Porto Vairão Portugal
| | - Timothy A. Mousseau
- Department of Biological Sciences University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA
| | - Gennadi Milinevsky
- Space Physics Laboratory Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Kyiv Ukraine
- College of Physics International Center of Future Science Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Tapio Mappes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Phillip C. Watts
- Ecology and Genetics University of Oulu Oulu Finland
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
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