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Mookkan M, Muniyandi K, Palaniyandi S. Carotenoid composition in wild-caught spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) broodstocks: effects on gonad development. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:991-1009. [PMID: 35790621 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The carotenoid reserves of broodstocks have a considerable impact on reproductive performance, maturity, fecundity, spawning, and yolk-sac larvae quality. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the most effective strategy for enriching broodstock in artificial breeding programs by examining changes in the carotenoid profile of wild-caught spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) broodstocks during the reproductive season. The predominant carotenoids such as fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, lutein, and β-carotenoids were examined in muscle, liver, and gonad (testis and ovary) samples from both the genders. The results revealed that total carotenoid levels differed significantly (p < 0.05) among tissues during sexual maturation. The muscle fucoxanthin levels increased gradually (0.014 ± 0 .01 < 0.017 ± 0.00 < 0.019 ± 0.01 mg/100 g) during testicular maturation and were comparatively higher than that of the liver and testis. The astaxanthin content of the ovary was relatively low and increased with ovarian maturation (2.013 ± 0.18 < 6.106 ± 0.28 < 8.871 ± 0.73 mg/100 g). The scat's mature ovary (9.446 ± 0.53 mg/100 g) had a higher concentration of lutein in comparison with testis (0.821 ± 0.07 mg/100 g). In the testis, the highest concentration of β-carotene could be observed during the mature stage (1.765 ± 0.08 mg/100 g). In female scat, the β-carotene content of muscle showed an inverse relationship with maturation indicated by a gradual decrease from immature stage. Finally, it is proposed that carotenoids are preferentially mobilized and conserved in the gonads, which are indispensable to improve gonadal development and the productive potential of S. argus, a leading candidate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Mookkan
- PG & Research Department of Zoology, Ethiraj College for Women (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, 600 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kailasam Muniyandi
- Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Fish Culture Division, Santhome High Road, R.A.Puram, Chennai, 600 028, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Stalin Palaniyandi
- Department of Zoology, Erode Arts and Science College, Affiliated to Bharathiar University, Rangampalayam, Erode, 638 009, Tamil Nadu, India
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Friesen CR, Noble DWA, Olsson M. The role of oxidative stress in postcopulatory selection. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20200065. [PMID: 33070735 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Two decades ago, von Schantz et al. (von Schantz T, Bensch S, Grahn M, Hasselquist D, Wittzell H. 1999 Good genes, oxidative stress and condition-dependent sexual signals. Proc. R. Soc. B 266, 1-12. (doi:10.1098/rspb.1999.0597)) united oxidative stress (OS) biology with sexual selection and life-history theory. This set the scene for analysis of how evolutionary trade-offs may be mediated by the increase in reactive molecules resulting from metabolic processes at reproduction. Despite 30 years of research on OS effects on infertility in humans, one research area that has been left behind in this integration of evolution and OS biology is postcopulatory sexual selection-this integration is long overdue. We review the basic mechanisms in OS biology, why mitochondria are the primary source of ROS and ATP production during oxidative metabolism, and why sperm, and its performance, is uniquely susceptible to OS. We also review how postcopulatory processes select for antioxidation in seminal fluids to counter OS and the implications of the net outcome of these processes on sperm damage, sperm storage, and female and oocyte manipulation of sperm metabolism and repair of DNA to enhance offspring fitness. This article is part of the theme issue 'Fifty years of sperm competition'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Friesen
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel W A Noble
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Mats Olsson
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, SE 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Macartney EL, Crean AJ, Nakagawa S, Bonduriansky R. Effects of nutrient limitation on sperm and seminal fluid: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1722-1739. [PMID: 31215758 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Theory predicts that costly sexual traits should be reduced when individuals are in poor condition (i.e. traits should exhibit condition-dependent expression). It is therefore widely expected that male ejaculate traits, such as sperm and seminal fluid, will exhibit reduced quantity and quality when dietary nutrients are limited. However, reported patterns of ejaculate condition dependence are highly variable, and there has been no comprehensive synthesis of underlying sources of such variation in condition-dependent responses. In particular, it remains unclear whether all ejaculate traits are equally sensitive to nutrient intake, and whether such traits are particularly sensitive to certain dietary nutrients, respond more strongly to nutrients during specific life stages, or respond more strongly in some taxonomic groups. We systematically reviewed these potential sources of variation through a meta-analysis across 50 species of arthropods and vertebrates (from 71 papers and 348 effect sizes). We found that overall, ejaculate traits are moderately reduced when dietary nutrients are limited, but we also detected substantial variation in responses. Seminal fluid quantity was strongly and consistently condition dependent, while sperm quantity was moderately condition dependent. By contrast, aspects of sperm quality (particularly sperm viability and morphology) were less consistently reduced under nutrient limitation. Ejaculate traits tended to respond in a condition-dependent manner to a wide range of dietary manipulations, especially to caloric and protein restriction. Finally, while all major taxa for which sufficient data exist (i.e. arthropods, mammals, fish) showed condition dependence of ejaculate traits, we detected some taxonomic differences in the life stage that is most sensitive to nutrient limitation, and in the degree of condition dependence of specific ejaculate traits. Together, these biologically relevant factors accounted for nearly 20% of the total variance in ejaculate responses to nutrient limitation. Interestingly, body size showed considerably stronger condition-dependent responses compared to ejaculate traits, suggesting that ejaculate trait expression may be strongly canalised to protect important reproductive functions, or that the cost of producing an ejaculate is relatively low. Taken together, our findings show that condition-dependence of ejaculate traits is taxonomically widespread, but there are also many interesting, biologically relevant sources of variation that require further investigation. In particular, further research is needed to understand the differences in selective pressures that result in differential patterns of ejaculate condition dependence across taxa and ejaculate traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Macartney
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angela J Crean
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Russell Bonduriansky
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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de Freitas Souza C, Rampelotto C, Loureiro BB, Pereira FA, Bianchini AE, Corcini CD, Junior ASV, Emanuelli T, da Silva LP, da Costa ST, Bertolin K, Rovani MT, Gonçalves PBD, Heinzmann BM, Baldisserotto B. Effects of dietary microencapsulated Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil on reproductive-related parameters in male Rhamdia quelen. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:1253-1264. [PMID: 29777417 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0518-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In aquaculture, nutrition and supplemented diets have been shown to affect broodstock reproductive performance. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil (CFEO) microcapsules on reproductive-related parameters in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) male broodfish. Adult male broodstocks were separated into three groups according to the concentrations of supplemented CFEO (0.0 = control; 1.0 or 3.0 mL per kg of diet). After 20 days under experimental conditions, the animals were euthanized and the gonads were harvested for gonadosomatic index, sperm analysis, oxidative stress, and histopathology; testosterone levels were measured in the plasma; gene expression of prl, smtl, pomca, and pomcb was assessed in the pituitary gland by real-time PCR. The results showed no alterations on reproductive parameters in R. quelen males treated with Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil compared to the control-diet animals. In conclusion, CFEO microcapsules supplied for 20 days in the concentrations of 1.00 or 3.00 mL per kilogram of diet did not affect the reproduction criteria evaluated in this study in male silver catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine de Freitas Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristine Rampelotto
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Bianchi Loureiro
- ReproPel, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Alves Pereira
- Comparative Animal Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriane Erbice Bianchini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Carine Dahl Corcini
- ReproPel, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Antonio Sergio Varela Junior
- Comparative Animal Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Leila Picolli da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sílvio Teixeira da Costa
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Kalyne Bertolin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction (BioRep), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Monique Tomazele Rovani
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction (BioRep), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Bayard Dias Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction (BioRep), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Berta Maria Heinzmann
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Keogh LM, Byrne PG, Silla AJ. Effect of long-term dietary beta-carotene supplementation on sperm concentration and motility in an endangered amphibian. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 195:259-265. [PMID: 31262404 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Dietary carotenoids have a high antioxidant capacity, so it has been hypothesised that carotenoid supplimentation will improve sperm production and quality by protecting sperm from oxidative damage. The effects of carotenoids on sperm have only been assessed in three vertebrate species, and evidence for improved sperm concentration and motility remains equivocal. One reason for this might be that in most studies there has not been an assessment of the effects of single carotenoid compounds over a range of doses. Applied research focused on developing ways to improve sperm quality could benefit the captive breeding and conservation of threatened species. The aim of the present study was to assess a dose-dependent effect of beta-carotene supplementation on sperm concentration and motility in the endangered booroolong frog (Litoria booroolongensis). Individuals were supplemented with one of four beta-carotene doses (0, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/g) from hatching until sexual maturity (53 weeks). Sperm concentration was determined prior to activation, and percent sperm motility and sperm velocity were measured at 0, 3 and 6 h post-activation using computer-assisted sperm analysis. Unexpectedly, beta-carotene had no significant effect on sperm concentration, percent motility or velocity at any time point, providing no evidence for beneficial effects. Findings of the present study indicate there are likely to be species-specific differences in sperm production and motility that influence the risk of oxidative damage to sperm and dependence on dietary antioxidants to inhibit these detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leesa M Keogh
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Phillip G Byrne
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Aimee J Silla
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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Giraudeau M, Ziegler AK, Tschirren B. Long-term effect of yolk carotenoid levels on testis size in a precocial bird. Biol Lett 2017; 12:rsbl.2016.0008. [PMID: 27122006 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditions experienced during prenatal development can have long-lasting organizational effects on offspring. Maternal carotenoids deposited in the eggs of birds and other oviparous species play an important role during fast embryonic growth and chick development through their antioxidant properties. However, the long-term consequences of variation in maternal carotenoid transfer for the offspring have seldom been considered. Since plasma carotenoid levels at adulthood are known to influence testis size and yolk carotenoid levels influence the ability to extract carotenoids later in life, we hypothesized that maternally transmitted carotenoids might influence gonad size at adulthood. Here, we showed that male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) originating from a carotenoid-enriched egg had smaller testes than control individuals at adulthood. This result shows that yolk carotenoids have long-term organizational effects. In addition, given that carotenoid intake at sexual maturity increases sperm quality and that a decreased testis size is associated with a lower sperm production, we propose that carotenoid exposure during embryo development might influence a trade-off between ejaculate size and sperm quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Giraudeau
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Ann-Kathrin Ziegler
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Tschirren
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Lehnert SJ, Heath DD, Devlin RH, Pitcher TE. Post-spawning sexual selection in red and white Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Behav Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arw142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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8
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Anderson C, Jones R, Moscicki M, Clotfelter E, Earley RL. Seeing orange: breeding convict cichlids exhibit heightened aggression against more colorful intruders. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Rahman MM, Gasparini C, Turchini GM, Evans JP. Testing the interactive effects of carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids on ejaculate traits in the guppy Poecilia reticulata (Pisces: Poeciliidae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 86:1638-1643. [PMID: 25816838 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Using the polyandrous livebearing guppy Poecilia reticulata, this study revealed no main effects of carotenoids in the diet on ejaculate traits, but significant main effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on sperm viability and weak but significant interacting effects of both nutrients on sperm length. Collectively, these findings not only add evidence that PUFAs are critical determinants of sperm quality, but also provide tentative evidence that for some traits these effects may be moderated by carotenoid intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Rahman
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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Kiokias S, Proestos C, Varzakas T. A Review of the Structure, Biosynthesis, Absorption of Carotenoids-Analysis and Properties of their Common Natural Extracts. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.4.special-issue1.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are a class of natural pigments familiar to all through the orange-red colours of popular foods like oranges, tomatoes and carrots and the yellow colour of many flowers. They have been studied for a number of years because of their diverse roles in photobiology, photochemistry and photo medicine. Carotenoids are also added as colorants to many manufactured foods, drinks, and animal feeds, either in the forms of natural extracts (e.g annatto, paprika or marigold extracts) or as pure compounds manufactured by chemical synthesis. Carotenoids are often described as provitamins A, as this particular vitamin is a product of carotenoid metabolism. The distribution of carotenoids among the different plant groups shows no obvious pattern. b-Carotene is the most abundant in leafy vegetables, though the colour is masked by its co-existence with chlorophyll, and this carotenoid has the highest vitamin A activity. Zeaxanthin, a-carotene and antheraxanthin are also present in small amounts. In the tomato, lycopene is the major carotenoid, while fruits contain varying proportions of cryptoxanthin, lutein and antheraxanthin. In this review paper the natural occurrence of carotenoids (with focus on certain natural extracts) is described along with its structure and physicochemical properties. The biosynthesis - industrial synthesis and absorption of carotenoids is also discussed. Finally, a brief overview of analysis and properties of commonly available natural carotenoid extracts (annato, paprika, xanthophylls, lycopene) are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kiokias
- Higher Technological Educational Institute of Peloponnese, Dept. of Food Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, Food Technology and Nutrition, Kalamata, Greece
| | - C Proestos
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - T Varzakas
- Higher Technological Educational Institute of Peloponnese, Dept. of Food Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, Food Technology and Nutrition, Kalamata, Greece
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