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Li J, Lu Y, Chen H, Zheng P, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Ding L, Wang D, Xu C, Ai X, Zhang Q, Xian J, Hong M. Effects of Dietary Fish Oil Supplementation on the Growth, Proximate Composition, and Liver Health of Chinese Stripe-Necked Turtle ( Mauremys sinensis). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2511. [PMID: 39272296 DOI: 10.3390/ani14172511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary lipids provide energy for animals and can also be converted into other nutrients (such as non-essential amino acids), which play a role in saving protein. The Chinese stripe-necked turtle is a protected and endangered species that has been bred in captivity; however, basic data on lipid requirements remain unavailable. In this study, 360 Mauremys sinensis (body weight of 65.32 ± 0.15 g) were randomly divided into six groups with three replicates per group; the turtles were fed experimental diets supplemented with various levels of fish oil (i.e., 1% (control group, CG), 3.5% (HF-1), 6% (HF-2), 8.5% (HF-3), 11% (HF-4), and 13.5% (HF-5)) for 10 weeks. The results showed that compared with CG, increasing the fish oil level promoted the growth performance of turtles, and the HF-3 group achieved the best effect. The HF-4 group showed the highest increases in the hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index. In addition, increased lipid levels also increased the crude lipid content and reduced the crude protein content in muscle tissue. Oil red O staining showed that the liver lipid content increased with the level of supplemented fish oil, which is consistent with the results of the hepatosomatic index. Compared with CG, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased significantly in both the liver and serum when fish oil levels exceeded 8.5% (p < 0.05), while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly. Aspartate transaminase and cerealthirdtransaminase levels in serum increased significantly when fish oil levels exceeded 8.5% (p < 0.05). Moreover, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (GSH-Px, SOD, T-AOC, and CAT) and MDA showed similar results, indicating that high fish oil levels (8.5-13.5%) caused liver tissue damage in M. sinensis. Increased fish oil levels significantly upregulated the expression levels of cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β1, IL-10, and IL-12) (p < 0.05), downregulated the expression levels of antioxidant enzyme-related genes (cat, mn-sod, and gsh-px), and increased apoptosis of liver cells. Supplementation of the diet with 3.5-6% fish oil improved the growth performance of M. sinensis, and the turtles maintained a beneficial immune status. The results provide a scientific basis for optimizing the commercial feed formula of M. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yaopeng Lu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Huiqin Chen
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Peihua Zheng
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiuxia Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Zelong Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Li Ding
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Chi Xu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiaoqi Ai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Qiongyu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Jianan Xian
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-Resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Meiling Hong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
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Licitra R, Fronte B, Verri T, Marchese M, Sangiacomo C, Santorelli FM. Zebrafish Feed Intake: A Systematic Review for Standardizing Feeding Management in Laboratory Conditions. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:209. [PMID: 38666821 PMCID: PMC11047914 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Zebrafish are one of the most used animal models in biological research and a cost-effective alternative to rodents. Despite this, nutritional requirements and standardized feeding protocols have not yet been established for this species. This is important to avoid nutritional effects on experimental outcomes, and especially when zebrafish models are used in preclinical studies, as many diseases have nutritional confounding factors. A key aspect of zebrafish nutrition is related to feed intake, the amount of feed ingested by each fish daily. With the goal of standardizing feeding protocols among the zebrafish community, this paper systematically reviews the available data from 73 studies on zebrafish feed intake, feeding regimes (levels), and diet composition. Great variability was observed regarding diet composition, especially regarding crude protein (mean 44.98 ± 9.87%) and lipid content (9.91 ± 5.40%). Interestingly, the gross energy levels of the zebrafish diets were similar across the reviewed studies (20.39 ± 2.10 kilojoules/g of feed). In most of the reviewed papers, fish received a predetermined quantity of feed (feed supplied). The authors fed the fish according to the voluntary intake and then calculated feed intake (FI) in only 17 papers. From a quantitative point of view, FI was higher than when a fixed quantity (pre-defined) of feed was supplied. Also, the literature showed that many biotic and abiotic factors may affect zebrafish FI. Finally, based on the FI data gathered from the literature, a new feeding protocol is proposed. In summary, a daily feeding rate of 9-10% of body weight is proposed for larvae, whereas these values are equal to 6-8% for juveniles and 5% for adults when a dry feed with a proper protein and energy content is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Licitra
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Baldassare Fronte
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (B.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Tiziano Verri
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Maria Marchese
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Chiara Sangiacomo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (B.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Filippo Maria Santorelli
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
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Murugan R, Haridevamuthu B, Gopinath P, Rajagopal R, Arokiyaraj S, Arockiaraj J. Deacetylepoxyazadiradione ameliorates diabesity in in-vivo zebrafish larval model by influencing the level of regulatory adipokines and oxidative stress. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 961:176214. [PMID: 37992886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes constitute significant global health issues associated with one another. In contrast to diabetes, which is characterised by oxidative stress that enhances cellular damage and the following complications. Obesity dynamics involve chronic inflammation that promotes insulin resistance and metabolic disruptions. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents, therefore, hold promise for synergistic effects, addressing inflammation and oxidative stress, key factors in managing obesity and diabetes. These agents can be utilized in novel drug delivery approaches. The complex interactions between deacetylepoxyazadiradione (DEA) and zebrafish larva subjected to metabolic impairment due to a high-fat diet (HFD) are examined in this study. The survival assay showed a significantly lower rate (79% survival rate) in the larvae exposed to HFD. Contrastingly, DEA treatment showed significant results with survival rates increasing dose-dependently (84%, 89%, and 94% at concentrations of 50 μM, 100 μM, and 150 μM, respectively). Further investigations revealed that DEA could reduce hyperlipidemic and hyperglycemic conditions in zebrafish larvae. Glucose levels significantly dropped in the DEA treatment, which was associated with a decline in larval weight, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Enzyme assays revealed higher antioxidant enzyme concentrations in DEA treated in-vivo larval models, which were associated with reduced expression of pro-inflammatory genes. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that DEA can alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation, effectively easing the diabesity-like state in zebrafish larvae. This offers potential avenues for developing DEA as a valuable drug candidate to manage the intricate diabesity condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghul Murugan
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Haridevamuthu
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pushparathinam Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajakrishnan Rajagopal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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4
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Azbazdar Y, Poyraz YK, Ozalp O, Nazli D, Ipekgil D, Cucun G, Ozhan G. High-fat diet feeding triggers a regenerative response in the adult zebrafish brain. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2486-2506. [PMID: 36670270 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03210-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a range of liver conditions ranging from excess fat accumulation to liver failure. NAFLD is strongly associated with high-fat diet (HFD) consumption that constitutes a metabolic risk factor. While HFD has been elucidated concerning its several systemic effects, there is little information about its influence on the brain at the molecular level. Here, by using a high-fat diet (HFD)-feeding of adult zebrafish, we first reveal that excess fat uptake results in weight gain and fatty liver. Prolonged exposure to HFD induces a significant increase in the expression of pro-inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation markers in the liver and brain tissues. Immunofluorescence analyses of the brain tissues disclose stimulation of apoptosis and widespread activation of glial cell response. Moreover, glial activation is accompanied by an initial decrease in the number of neurons and their subsequent replacement in the olfactory bulb and the telencephalon. Long-term consumption of HFD causes activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the brain tissues. Finally, fish fed an HFD induces anxiety, and aggressiveness and increases locomotor activity. Thus, HFD feeding leads to a non-traumatic brain injury and stimulates a regenerative response. The activation mechanisms of a regeneration response in the brain can be exploited to fight obesity and recover from non-traumatic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Azbazdar
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1662, USA
| | - Yusuf Kaan Poyraz
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozgun Ozalp
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dilek Nazli
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dogac Ipekgil
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Cucun
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 3640 76021, Karlsruhe, Postfach, Germany
| | - Gunes Ozhan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35430, Izmir, Turkey.
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5
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Haridevamuthu B, Seenivasan B, Priya PS, Muthuraman S, Kumar RS, Manikandan K, Almutairi BO, Almutairi MH, Arokiyaraj S, Gopinath P, Arockiaraj J. Hepatoprotective effect of dihydroxy piperlongumine in high cholesterol-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease zebrafish via antioxidant activity. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 945:175605. [PMID: 36822456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are a growing epidemic and the most common liver diseases. Consumption of a western diet with high fats alters redox status, induces inflammation, and impairs the physiological function of hepatocytes. However, the pharmacological market lacks anti-NAFLD/NASH drugs. Long pepper (Piper longum L) is used in traditional Mongolian medicine for treating hyperlipidemia. Piperlongumine (PL) is a bioactive compound of Piper longum L, which usually possesses anticancer activities due to its ROS elevation property. However, when PL was demethylated they behave as an antioxidant. Previously, we found dihydroxy piperlongumine (DHPL) possesses high antioxidant activity among the hydroxy piperlongumines, which makes us curious to reveal the anti-NAFLD effect. A high-cholesterol diet (HCD) was chosen to induce NAFLD zebrafish model, and the antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects of DHPL were evaluated. Histological alterations of NAFLD were also scored along with gene expression to explore the molecular mechanism. DHPL reduced lipid accumulation in both short-term and long-term feeding trials. DHPL increases antioxidant activity and lipid-lowering gene expression and decreases hepatic triglyceride, oxidative stress, and lipogenic genes. In conclusion, DHPL halted the progression of HCD-induced NAFLD in the zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Haridevamuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Boopathi Seenivasan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Snega Priya
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramani Muthuraman
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University Chennai Campus, Chennai, 600 127, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendran Saravana Kumar
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University Chennai Campus, Chennai, 600 127, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Manikandan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Pushparathinam Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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6
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Research Progress on the Construction and Application of a Diabetic Zebrafish Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065195. [PMID: 36982274 PMCID: PMC10048833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels. With economic development and lifestyle changes, the prevalence of diabetes is increasing yearly. Thus, it has become an increasingly serious public health problem in countries around the world. The etiology of diabetes is complex, and its pathogenic mechanisms are not completely clear. The use of diabetic animal models is helpful in the study of the pathogenesis of diabetes and the development of drugs. The emerging vertebrate model of zebrafish has many advantages, such as its small size, large number of eggs, short growth cycle, simple cultivation of adult fish, and effective improvement of experimental efficiency. Thus, this model is highly suitable for research as an animal model of diabetes. This review not only summarizes the advantages of zebrafish as a diabetes model, but also summarizes the construction methods and challenges of zebrafish models of type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and diabetes complications. This study provides valuable reference information for further study of the pathological mechanisms of diabetes and the research and development of new related therapeutic drugs.
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Anwer H, O'Dea RE, Mason D, Zajitschek S, Klinke A, Reid M, Hesselson D, Noble DWA, Morris MJ, Lagisz M, Nakagawa S. The effects of an obesogenic diet on behavior and cognition in zebrafish ( Danio rerio): Trait average, variability, repeatability, and behavioral syndromes. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9511. [PMID: 36407899 PMCID: PMC9666915 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic, largely driven by the accessibility of ultra-processed high-energy foods, is one of the most pressing public health challenges of the 21st century. Consequently, there is increasing concern about the impacts of diet-induced obesity on behavior and cognition. While research on this matter continues, to date, no study has explicitly investigated the effect of obesogenic diet on variance and covariance (correlation) in behavioral traits. Here, we examined how an obesogenic versus control diet impacts means and (co-)variances of traits associated with body condition, behavior, and cognition in a laboratory population of ~160 adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Overall, an obesogenic diet increased variation in several zebrafish traits. Zebrafish on an obesogenic diet were significantly heavier and displayed higher body weight variability; fasting blood glucose levels were similar between control and treatment zebrafish. During behavioral assays, zebrafish on the obesogenic diet displayed more exploratory behavior and were less reactive to video stimuli with conspecifics during a personality test, but these significant differences were sex-specific. Zebrafish on an obesogenic diet also displayed repeatable responses in aversive learning tests whereas control zebrafish did not, suggesting an obesogenic diet resulted in more consistent, yet impaired, behavioral responses. Where behavioral syndromes existed (inter-class correlations between personality traits), they did not differ between obesogenic and control zebrafish groups. By integrating a multifaceted, holistic approach that incorporates components of (co-)variances, future studies will greatly benefit by quantifying neglected dimensions of obesogenic diets on behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Anwer
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Rose E. O'Dea
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Dominic Mason
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Susanne Zajitschek
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Liverpool John Moores UniversitySchool of Biological and Environmental SciencesLiverpoolUK
| | - Annabell Klinke
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Madeleine Reid
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Daniel Hesselson
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Centenary Institute and Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Daniel W. A. Noble
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Margaret J. Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Malgorzata Lagisz
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Zhao Y, Castro LFC, Monroig Ó, Cao X, Sun Y, Gao J. A zebrafish pparγ gene deletion reveals a protein kinase network associated with defective lipid metabolism. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:435-450. [PMID: 35290539 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparγ) is a master regulator of adipogenesis. Chronic pathologies such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes involve the dysfunction of this transcription factor. Here, we generated a zebrafish mutant in pparγ (KO) with CRISPR/Cas9 technology and revealed its regulatory network. We uncovered the hepatic phenotypes of these male and female KO, and then the male wild-type zebrafish (WT) and KO were fed with a high-fat (HF) or standard diet (SD). We next conducted an integrated analyze of the proteomics and phosphoproteomics profiles. Compared with WT, the KO showed remarkable hyalinization and congestion lesions in the liver of males. Strikingly, pparγ deletion protected against the influence of high-fat diet feeding on lipid deposition in zebrafish. Some protein kinases critical for lipid metabolism, including serine/threonine-protein kinase TOR (mTOR), ribosomal protein S6 kinase (Rps6kb1b), and mitogen-activated protein kinase 14A (Mapk14a), were identified to be highly phosphorylated in KO based on differential proteome and phosphoproteome analysis. Our study supplies a pparγ deletion animal model and provides a comprehensive description of pparγ-induced expression level alterations of proteins and their phosphorylation, which are vital to understand the defective lipid metabolism risks posed to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de La Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Xiaojuan Cao
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yonghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, China Zebrafish Resource Center, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jian Gao
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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9
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Guru A, Velayutham M, Arockiaraj J. Lipid-Lowering and Antioxidant Activity of RF13 Peptide From Vacuolar Protein Sorting-Associated Protein 26B (VPS26B) by Modulating Lipid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in HFD Induced Obesity in Zebrafish Larvae. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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10
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Karoglu-Eravsar ET, Tuz-Sasik MU, Adams MM. Short-term dietary restriction maintains synaptic plasticity whereas short-term overfeeding alters cellular dynamics in the aged brain: evidence from the zebrafish model organism. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 106:169-182. [PMID: 34284260 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increased caloric intake (OF) impairs quality of life causing comorbidities with other diseases and cognitive deficits, whereas dietary restriction (DR) increases healthspan by preventing age-related deteriorations. To understand the effects of these opposing dietary regimens on the cellular and synaptic dynamics during brain aging, the zebrafish model, which shows gradual aging like mammals, was utilized. Global changes in cellular and synaptic markers with respect to age and a 12 week dietary regimen of OF and DR demonstrated that aging reduces the levels of the glutamate receptor subunits, GLUR2/3, inhibitory synaptic clustering protein, GEP, synaptic vesicle protein, SYP, and early-differentiated neuronal marker, HuC. DR significantly elevates levels of glutamate receptor subunits, GLUR2/3, and NMDA clustering protein, PSD95, levels, while OF subtly increases the level of the neuronal protein, DCAMKL1. These data suggest that decreased caloric intake within the context of aging has more robust effects on synapses than cellular proteins, whereas OF alters cellular dynamics. Thus, patterns like these should be taken into account for possible translation to human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Tugce Karoglu-Eravsar
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Psychology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Melek Umay Tuz-Sasik
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michelle M Adams
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
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11
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Zebrafish and Flavonoids: Adjuvants against Obesity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26103014. [PMID: 34069388 PMCID: PMC8158719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a pathological condition, defined as an excessive accumulation of fat, primarily caused by an energy imbalance. The storage of excess energy in the form of triglycerides within the adipocyte leads to lipotoxicity and promotes the phenotypic switch in the M1/M2 macrophage. These changes induce the development of a chronic state of low-grade inflammation, subsequently generating obesity-related complications, commonly known as metabolic syndromes. Over the past decade, obesity has been studied in many animal models. However, due to its competitive aspects and unique characteristics, the use of zebrafish has begun to gain traction in experimental obesity research. To counteract obesity and its related comorbidities, several natural substances have been studied. One of those natural substances reported to have substantial biological effects on obesity are flavonoids. This review summarizes the results of studies that examined the effects of flavonoids on obesity and related diseases and the emergence of zebrafish as a model of diet-induced obesity.
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12
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Programming of Cardiovascular Dysfunction by Postnatal Overfeeding in Rodents. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249427. [PMID: 33322275 PMCID: PMC7763005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional environment in the perinatal period has a great influence on health and diseases in adulthood. In rodents, litter size reduction reproduces the effects of postnatal overnutrition in infants and reveals that postnatal overfeeding (PNOF) not only permanently increases body weight but also affects the cardiovascular function in the short- and long-term. In addition to increased adiposity, the metabolic status of PNOF rodents is altered, with increased plasma insulin and leptin levels, associated with resistance to these hormones, changed profiles and levels of circulating lipids. PNOF animals present elevated arterial blood pressure with altered vascular responsiveness to vasoactive substances. The hearts of overfed rodents exhibit hypertrophy and elevated collagen content. PNOF also induces a disturbance of cardiac mitochondrial respiration and produces an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. A modification of the expression of crucial genes and epigenetic alterations is reported in hearts of PNOF animals. In vivo, a decreased ventricular contractile function is observed during adulthood in PNOF hearts. All these alterations ultimately lead to an increased sensitivity to cardiac pathologic challenges such as ischemia-reperfusion injury. Nevertheless, caloric restriction and physical exercise were shown to improve PNOF-induced cardiac dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities, drawing a path to the potential therapeutic correction of early nutritional programming.
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13
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Mohan Prakash RL, Hwang DH, Hong IH, Chae J, Kang C, Kim E. Danio rerio as an alternative vertebrate model for jellyfish venom study: The toxinological aspects of Nemopilema nomurai venom. Toxicol Lett 2020; 335:91-97. [PMID: 33157172 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nemopilema nomurai venom (NnV) is severely toxic to many organisms. However, the mechanism of its poisoning has not been properly understood yet. The present work demonstrates that zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an alternative vertebrate model for studying NnV jellyfish venom for the first time. In this model, NnV appears to cause severe hemorrhage and inflammation in cardiopulmonary regions of zebrafish. NnV also altered the swimming behavior of zebrafish accompanied by a significant downregulation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in brain tissues. Histopathological changes observed for various organs of D. rerio caused by NnV corresponded to an increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in tissues. NnV also significantly altered glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in cardiopulmonary and brain tissues of D. rerio. SDS-PAGE revealed many protein bands of NnV of various sizes after silver staining. Taken together, these results indicate that Danio rerio can be a useful alternative animal model for jellyfish venom toxicology studies. Findings of the present study also suggest that Danio rerio could be used to develop an effective treatment strategy and discover the mechanism of action of jellyfish venom envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Loganathan Mohan Prakash
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
| | - Du Hyeon Hwang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
| | - Il-Hwa Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
| | - Jinho Chae
- Marine Environmental Research and Information Laboratory, B1101, 17 Gosan-ro 148beon-gil, Gunpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, 15850, South Korea.
| | - Changkeun Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
| | - Euikyung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
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14
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A newly developed feeder and oxygen measurement system reveals the effects of aging and obesity on the metabolic rate of zebrafish. Exp Gerontol 2019; 127:110720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Fowler LA, Williams MB, Dennis-Cornelius LN, Farmer S, Barry RJ, Powell ML, Watts SA. Influence of Commercial and Laboratory Diets on Growth, Body Composition, and Reproduction in the Zebrafish Danio rerio. Zebrafish 2019; 16:508-521. [PMID: 31381491 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2019.1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The value of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism continues to expand. In developing the model, current feeding practice in zebrafish laboratories includes the use of commercially available diets. In this study, we compared outcomes in growth, body composition, and reproduction among zebrafish fed five highly utilized commercial diets and one formulated chemically defined reference diet. Wild-type zebrafish larvae were raised on live feed until 21 days postfertilization and then fed diets for 16 weeks. All fish received a daily ration of >5% of body weight (adjusted biweekly). Growth varied among diets throughout the feeding trial, and at study termination (week 16), significant differences among diets were observed for terminal weight gain, body condition index, body fat deposition, and reproductive outcomes. In addition, the proportion of viable embryos produced from females fed the formulated reference diet was high relative to the commercial diets. These data suggest that metabolic profiles, most likely reflecting nutrient/energy availability, utilization, and allocation, vary relative to diet in zebrafish. Undefined differences in metabolic profiles could result in erroneous predictions of health outcomes and make comparisons among laboratories more challenging. We recommend that dietary standards should be defined for zebrafish to support their common utility in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Adele Fowler
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Michael B Williams
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Susan Farmer
- Animal Resources Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - R Jeff Barry
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mickie L Powell
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Stephen A Watts
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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16
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Zang L, Maddison LA, Chen W. Zebrafish as a Model for Obesity and Diabetes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:91. [PMID: 30177968 PMCID: PMC6110173 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes now considered global epidemics. The prevalence rates of diabetes are increasing in parallel with the rates of obesity and the strong connection between these two diseases has been coined as “diabesity.” The health risks of overweight or obesity include Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), coronary heart disease and cancer of numerous organs. Both obesity and diabetes are complex diseases that involve the interaction of genetics and environmental factors. The underlying pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes are not well understood and further research is needed for pharmacological and surgical management. Consequently, the use of animal models of obesity and/or diabetes is important for both improving the understanding of these diseases and to identify and develop effective treatments. Zebrafish is an attractive model system for studying metabolic diseases because of the functional conservation in lipid metabolism, adipose biology, pancreas structure, and glucose homeostasis. It is also suited for identification of novel targets associated with the risk and treatment of obesity and diabetes in humans. In this review, we highlight studies using zebrafish to model metabolic diseases, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of studying pathologies associated with obesity and diabetes in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Zang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Lisette A Maddison
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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17
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Chen B, Zheng YM, Zhang JP. Comparative Study of Different Diets-Induced NAFLD Models of Zebrafish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:366. [PMID: 30026731 PMCID: PMC6041386 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary composition has important impact on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between NAFLD and major dietary components using zebrafish larvae fed different diets. Zebrafish larvae fed with high cholesterol (HC), high fructose (HF) and extra feeding (EF) diets for 10 days displayed varying degrees steatosis. The incidence and degree of steatosis were the most severe in the EF group. A HC diet severely promoted lipid deposits in the caudal vein. The triglyceride and glucose contents of zebrafish significantly increased in the HF and EF groups compared with the control group. Moreover, the mRNA expression of oxidative stress gene gpx1a, endoplasmic reticulum stress genes ddit3 and grp78, inflammatory genes tnfa, glucose metabolism genes irs2, glut1 and glut2, and lipid metabolism genes cidec, chrebp, ppara and cpt1a were significantly increased in the HF group. The HC diet was associated with upregulation of grp78, and downregulation of irs2, glut1 and glut2. The mRNA expression of lipogenesis and glucose metabolism associated genes were decreased in the EF group. In addition, the autophagy associated genes atg3, atg5, atg7, and atg12, and protein expression of ATG3 and LC3BII were reduced and P62 were elevated in the HC group. We also performed comparative transcriptome analysis of the four groups. A total of 2,492 differentially expressed genes were identified, and 24 statistically significant pathways were enriched in the diet treatment groups. This study extends our understanding of the relationships between diet ingredients and host factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD, which may provide new ideas for the treatment of NAFLD.
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