A synergy of the nutritional additives taurine and silymarin in salmon farming: evaluation with the CHSE-214 cellular model

Exploring the metabolic and antioxidant potential of solergy: Implications for enhanced animal production

Cell models are indispensable tools in biotechnology when investigating the functional properties of organic compounds. The emergence of various additives designed to enhance animal production has introduced the need for in-depth evaluations, which are often hindered by the complexities of in vivo testing. In this study, we harnessed cell-based models to scrutinize the impact of Solergy as a regulator of cellular metabolism with a particular focus on its modulation of glycogen and antioxidant effects. Our experiment was designed to include assessments of the influence of Solergy on the viability of both terrestrial and aquatic vertebrate cell models, which revealed the benign nature of Solergy and its lack of adverse effects. Furthermore, we examined the capacity of Solergy to modulate intracellular ATP concentrations and enhance glycogen accumulation. Notably, the antioxidant potential of Solergy and its ability to mitigate cellular aging were evaluated within the same cellular frameworks. The outcomes of our investigation suggest that Solergy is a potent metabolic regulator that elevates cellular activity while exerting an antioxidant effect. Importantly, our study demonstrates that Solergy does not induce changes in membrane oxidation. These findings indicate the potential of using Solergy to regulate glycogen synthesis, intracellular ATP concentrations, and oxidative stress in production animals. The multifaceted effects of this additive, which acts as both a metabolism enhancer and an antioxidant, open doors to the creation of custom diets tailored to meet specific production needs while maintaining stable production parameters.

Antioxidant properties of dietary supplements of free and nanoencapsulated silymarin and their ameliorative effects on silver nanoparticles induced oxidative stress in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly used in a wide range of products and as a consequence, the environmental concentration will inevitably increase in the near future. Many aquatic organisms have been shown to be sensitive to the toxic effects of silver, including oxidative stress mechanisms. In this study, we assessed the ability of silymarin (Silybum marianum) to counter the oxidative effects of AgNPs in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish were fed on the diets supplemented with 50 or 200 mg kg^-1 of free or nanoencapsulated silymarin for 50 days. Subsequently, they were exposed via the water to three concentrations (0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg L^-1) of AgNPs for 24 h, and the effects of this exposure assessed on blood plasma and liver oxidative status. Growth performance and most body indices measured were not affected by any of the experimental diets. There were no effects of free silymarin (FS) or nanoencapsulated silymarin (NS) on levels of plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), or on the total protein (TP). In contrast, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and plasma glucose (GLU) were all affected by the high dietary FS and NS treatments compared with controls. Prior to the AgNPs exposure, the levels of SOD and GPx activity were higher and MDA levels lower in the silymarin treatment groups compared to controls. Exposure to AgNPs resulted in a reduction in the levels of GPx and SOD activity and an increase in the level of MDA that was dependent on the exposure concentrations of AgNPs. Based on GPx, MDA, and GLU indices, both forms of silymarin decreased the toxicity of AgNPs, but NS supplementation was the most effective. Thus, we show dietary silymarin supplementation can reduce AgNP toxicity and nanoencapsulation increases its efficacy as an antioxidant.