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Afonso RO, Pina-Martins F, Friesen V, Sun Z, Campioni L, Madeiros J, Silva MC. No evidence of inbreeding depression despite a historical severe bottleneck in the endangered Bermuda petrel (Pterodroma cahow). J Hered 2023; 114:459-469. [PMID: 37162284 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bermuda petrel Pterodroma cahow is an island endemic seabird that belongs to the Procellariiformes, one of the most endangered orders of birds. Historical records suggest a significant population size decline following human settlement in Bermuda, bringing the species to near extinction. Since the 1950s, the population has been recovering aided by the implementation of an ongoing conservation plan. However, it still faces several threats, and negative genetic effects resulting from that drastic decline are to be expected, including inbreeding and genetic drift. We studied genetic diversity and levels of inbreeding, and their effects on individual fitness and mating choice. We also tested for a genetic signature of the recent demographic bottleneck. For this, we analyzed variation in thousands of nuclear single-nucleotide polymorphisms derived from double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing and 1 mitochondrial gene (cytochrome oxidase I). The results revealed that the Bermuda petrel suffered a recent genetic bottleneck and shows low mitochondrial diversity compared with other petrel species. Conversely, nuclear diversity was similar to that of other endangered petrels. Inbreeding levels were not high overall, although some individuals were highly inbred. However, we found no evidence that individual inbreeding or relatedness between mates affected hatching success, or that mate choice is influenced by kinship in this very small population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita O Afonso
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisco Pina-Martins
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vicki Friesen
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Zhengxin Sun
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Letizia Campioni
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Ispa-Instituto Universitário, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jeremy Madeiros
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of Bermuda, Hamilton, Bermuda
| | - Mónica C Silva
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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2
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Intersexual Selection: How Females Choose. Anim Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-82879-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Michálková R, Tomášek O, Adámková M, Kreisinger J, Albrecht T. Extra-pair paternity patterns in European barn swallows Hirundo rustica are best explained by male and female age rather than male ornamentation. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2725-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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4
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Parrott ML, Nation A, Selwood L. Female mate choice significantly increases captive breeding success, and scents can be frozen to determine choice, in the stripe-faced dunnart. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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5
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O’Brien DM, Keogh JS, Silla AJ, Byrne PG. Female choice for related males in wild red-backed toadlets (Pseudophryne coriacea). Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractMate choice for genetic benefits is assumed to be widespread in nature, yet very few studies have comprehensively examined relationships between female mate choice and male genetic quality in wild populations. Here, we use exhaustive sampling and single nucleotide polymorphisms to provide a partial test of the “good genes as heterozygosity” hypothesis and the “genetic compatibility” hypothesis in an entire population of terrestrial breeding red-backed toadlets, Pseudophryne coriacea. We found that successful males did not display higher heterozygosity, despite a positive relationship between male heterozygosity and offspring heterozygosity. Rather, in the larger of 2 breeding events, we found that successful males were more genetically similar to their mate than expected under random mating, indicating that females can use pre- or post-copulatory mate choice mechanisms to bias paternity toward more related males. These findings provide no support for the good genes as heterozygosity hypothesis but lend support to the genetic compatibility hypothesis. A complete test of this hypothesis will now require evaluating how parental genetic similarity impacts offspring fitness. Terrestrial toadlets show a high degree of site fidelity, high levels of genetic structuring between populations, and frequently hybridize with sister species. As such, female mate choice for related males may be an adaptive strategy to reduce outbreeding depression. Our findings provide the first population-wide evidence for non-random preferential inbreeding in a wild amphibian. We argue that such reproductive patterns may be common in amphibians because extreme genetic differentiation within meta-populations creates an inherently high risk of outbreeding depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M O’Brien
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Lifesciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Scott Keogh
- Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Aimee J Silla
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Lifesciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phillip G Byrne
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Lifesciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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6
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Vuarin P, Bouchard A, Lesobre L, Levêque G, Chalah T, Saint Jalme M, Lacroix F, Hingrat Y, Sorci G. No evidence for prezygotic postcopulatory avoidance of kin despite high inbreeding depression. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:5252-5262. [PMID: 30565783 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Offspring resulting from mating among close relatives can suffer from impaired fitness through the expression of recessive alleles with deleterious effects. Postcopulatory sperm selection (a prezygotic mechanism of cryptic female choice) has been suggested to be an effective way to avoid inbreeding. To investigate whether postcopulatory female choice allows the avoidance of fertilization by close kin, we performed artificial inseminations in a promiscuous bird, the houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata undulata). Females were inseminated with a mix of sperm from triads of males, each constituted of a male genetically unrelated to the female, a first cousin and a half-sibling. When counting the number of eggs sired by unrelated males, cousins or half-siblings, we found a significant deviation from the expected random distribution, with more eggs sired by unrelated males. However, offspring sired by cousins, and especially by half-siblings suffered from high prehatching mortality, suggesting that the observed paternity skew towards unrelated males might reflect differential offspring mortality rather than sperm selection. In agreement with this hypothesis, within-triad siring success was similar for the three parental relatedness categories, but the relationship between siring and hatching success differed across categories. In clutches with high hatching success, unrelated males had the highest success while in clutches with high failure rate, half-siblings had the highest success. Offspring sired by half-siblings also suffered from reduced growth rate during the first three months and higher posthatching mortality. Hence, despite substantial fitness costs associated with fertilization by close relatives, females do not seem to select sperm of unrelated males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Vuarin
- Emirates left for Wildlife Propagation, Missour, Morocco.,Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Alice Bouchard
- Emirates left for Wildlife Propagation, Missour, Morocco
| | - Loïc Lesobre
- Reneco International Wildlife Consultants LLC, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Toni Chalah
- Reneco International Wildlife Consultants LLC, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michel Saint Jalme
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, UMR 7204 MNHN CNRS-UPMC, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Lacroix
- Reneco International Wildlife Consultants LLC, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yves Hingrat
- Reneco International Wildlife Consultants LLC, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gabriele Sorci
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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7
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Lyu N, Servedio MR, Sun YH. Nonadaptive female pursuit of extrapair copulations can evolve through hitchhiking. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:3685-3692. [PMID: 29686849 PMCID: PMC5901172 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence has indicated that engaging in extrapair copulations (EPCs) might be maladaptive or detrimental to females. It is unclear why such nonadaptive female behavior evolves. In this study, we test two hypotheses about the evolution of female EPC behavior using population genetic models. First, we find that both male preference for allocating extra effort to seek EPCs and female pursuit behavior without costs can be maintained and remain polymorphic in a population via frequency‐dependent selection. However, both behaviors cannot evolve when females with pursuit behavior suffer from a decline in male parental care. Second, we present another novel way in which female pursuit behavior can evolve; indirect selection can act on this behavior through a ratchet‐like mechanism involving oscillating linkage disequilibria between the target EPC pursuit locus and two other loci determining male mate choice and a female sexual signal. Although the overall positive force of such indirect selection is relatively weak, our results suggest that it may still play a role in promoting the evolution of female EPC behavior when this behavior is nonadaptive (i.e., it is neutral) or only somewhat maladaptive (e.g., males only occasionally lower parental care when their mates pursue EPCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,Department of Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Maria R Servedio
- Department of Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Yue-Hua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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8
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Burley NT, Hamedani E, Symanski C. Mate choice decision rules: Trait synergisms and preference shifts. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:2380-2394. [PMID: 29531661 PMCID: PMC5838072 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An important and understudied question in sexual selection is how females evaluate information from multiple secondary sexual traits (SSTs), particularly when expression of traits is phenotypically uncorrelated. We performed mate choice experiments on zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata castanotis Gould) to evaluate two hypotheses: preference shifts (obstacles to choice using one trait increase chooser reliance on others) and trait synergisms (choice based on the sum/product of two or more independently varying traits). The first experiment, which employed males raised on diets that impact SST expression, supported the trait synergism hypothesis: overall, male pairing success was best predicted by synergisms involving beak color and cheek patch size. Results did not support the preference shift hypothesis. Results of a follow-up experiment that included males reared on a single diet, and in which male beak color and cheek patch size were manipulated, were also consistent with the trait synergism hypothesis. Results have implications for understanding the long-term persistence of multiple SSTs in populations and for the measurement of repeatability and heritability of mate preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Tyler Burley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Elnaz Hamedani
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Cole Symanski
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSA
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9
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Structure of sexual networks determines the operation of sexual selection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 115:E53-E61. [PMID: 29255016 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1710450115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection is a fundamental evolutionary process but remains debated, particularly in the complexity of polyandrous populations where females mate with multiple males. This lack of resolution is partly because studies have largely ignored the structure of the sexual network, that is, the pattern of mate sharing. Here, we quantify what we call mating assortment with network analysis to specify explicitly the indirect as well as direct relationships between partners. We first review empirical studies, showing that mating assortment varies considerably in nature, due largely to basic properties of the sexual network (size and density) and partly to nonrandom patterns of mate sharing. We then use simulations to show how variation in mating assortment interacts with population-level polyandry to determine the strength of sexual selection on males. Controlling for average polyandry, positive mating assortment, arising when more polygynous males tend to mate with more polyandrous females, drastically decreases the intensity of precopulatory sexual selection on male mating success (Bateman gradient) and the covariance between male mating success and postcopulatory paternity share. Average polyandry independently weakened some measures of sexual selection and crucially also impacted sexual selection indirectly by constraining mating assortment through the saturation of the mating network. Mating assortment therefore represents a key-albeit overlooked-modulator of the strength of sexual selection. Our results show that jointly considering sexual network structure and average polyandry more precisely describes the strength of sexual selection.
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10
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Costanzo A, Ambrosini R, Caprioli M, Gatti E, Parolini M, Romano A, Rubolini D, Gianfranceschi L, Saino N. Extrapair fertilizations vary with female traits and pair composition, besides male attractiveness, in barn swallows. Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Nava C, Neves VC, Andris M, Dubois MP, Jarne P, Bolton M, Bried J. Reduced population size does not affect the mating strategy of a vulnerable and endemic seabird. Naturwissenschaften 2017; 104:103. [PMID: 29143134 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-017-1523-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bottleneck episodes may occur in small and isolated animal populations, which may result in decreased genetic diversity and increased inbreeding, but also in mating strategy adjustment. This was evaluated in the vulnerable and socially monogamous Monteiro's Storm-petrel Hydrobates monteiroi, a seabird endemic to the Azores archipelago which has suffered a dramatic population decline since the XVth century. To do this, we conducted a genetic study (18 microsatellite markers) in the population from Praia islet, which has been monitored over 16 years. We found no evidence that a genetic bottleneck was associated with this demographic decline. Monteiro's Storm-petrels paired randomly with respect to genetic relatedness and body measurements. Pair fecundity was unrelated to genetic relatedness between partners. We detected only two cases of extra-pair parentage associated with an extra-pair copulation (out of 71 offspring). Unsuccessful pairs were most likely to divorce the next year, but genetic relatedness between pair mates and pair breeding experience did not influence divorce. Divorce enabled individuals to improve their reproductive performances after re-mating only when the new partner was experienced. Re-pairing with an experienced partner occurred more frequently when divorcees changed nest than when they retained their nest. This study shows that even in strongly reduced populations, genetic diversity can be maintained, inbreeding does not necessarily occur, and random pairing is not risky in terms of pair lifetime reproductive success. Given, however, that we found no clear phenotypic mate choice criteria, the part played by non-morphological traits should be assessed more accurately in order to better understand seabird mating strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nava
- MARE (Marine and Environmental Science Centre), IMAR (Institute of Marine Research) and LARSyS Associated Lab, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, Açores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal.
| | - Verónica C Neves
- MARE (Marine and Environmental Science Centre), IMAR (Institute of Marine Research) and LARSyS Associated Lab, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, Açores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal
- CIBIO Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, CIBIO-Azores, Department of Science and Technology, Portugal
| | - Malvina Andris
- MARE (Marine and Environmental Science Centre), IMAR (Institute of Marine Research) and LARSyS Associated Lab, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, Açores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal
| | - Marie-Pierre Dubois
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier-Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Philippe Jarne
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier-Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Mark Bolton
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, UK Headquarters, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, SG19 2DL, UK
| | - Joël Bried
- MARE (Marine and Environmental Science Centre), IMAR (Institute of Marine Research) and LARSyS Associated Lab, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, Açores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal
- , 8 avenue de la reine Nathalie, 64200, Biarritz, France
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12
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Peters KJ, Myers SA, Dudaniec RY, O'Connor JA, Kleindorfer S. Females drive asymmetrical introgression from rare to common species in Darwin's tree finches. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:1940-1952. [PMID: 28833876 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The consequences of hybridization for biodiversity depend on the specific ecological and evolutionary context in which it occurs. Understanding patterns of gene flow among hybridizing species is crucial for determining the evolutionary trajectories of species assemblages. The recently discovered hybridization between two species of Darwin's tree finches (Camarhynchus parvulus and C. pauper) on Floreana Island, Galápagos, presents an exciting opportunity to investigate the mechanisms causing hybridization and its potential evolutionary consequences under conditions of recent habitat disturbance and the introduction of invasive pathogens. In this study, we combine morphological and genetic analysis with pairing observations to explore the extent, direction and drivers of hybridization and to test whether hybridization patterns are a result of asymmetrical pairing preference driven by females of the rarer species (C. pauper). We found asymmetrical introgression from the critically endangered, larger-bodied C. pauper to the common, smaller-bodied C. parvulus, which was associated with a lack of selection against heterospecific males by C. pauper females. Examination of pairing data showed that C. parvulus females paired assortatively, whereas C. pauper females showed no such pattern. This study shows how sex-specific drivers can determine the direction of gene flow in hybridizing species. Furthermore, our results suggest the existence of a hybrid swarm comprised of C. parvulus and hybrid birds. We discuss the influence of interspecific abundance differences and susceptibility to the invasive parasite Philornis downsi on the observed hybridization and recommend that the conservation of this iconic species group should be managed jointly rather than species-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Peters
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - S A Myers
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratory, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - R Y Dudaniec
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J A O'Connor
- Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - S Kleindorfer
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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13
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Sexual and non-sexual social preferences in male and female white-eyed bulbuls. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5847. [PMID: 28724892 PMCID: PMC5517633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While the function of ornaments shaped by sexual selection is to attract mates or drive off rivals, these signals may also evolve through social selection, in which the social context affects the fitness of signallers and receivers. Classical ‘mate choice’ experiments often reveal preferences for ornaments, but few studies have considered whether these are strictly sexual or reflect general social preferences. Indeed, an alternative possibility is that ornaments evolve through ‘non-sexual social selection’ (hereafter ‘social selection’). We examined the role of ornamentation (yellow ventral patch) and familiarity (individuals recognize group mates with which they have had previous interactions) on mate choice (opposite-sex stimuli preference) and social choice (same-sex stimuli preference) in both male and female white-eyed bulbuls (Pycnonotus xanthopygos). In the mate choice test, females preferred unfamiliar males with increased yellow. There were no biologically important differences in male preferences based on familiarity or intensity of patch colour. In the social choice test, females preferred to associate with familiar females. Males preferred to associate with familiar males but also preferred to associate with less ornamented males. Our results suggest that ornamentation and familiarity are important features, playing different roles in males and females, in both social and sexual selection processes.
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14
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Wells SJ, Ji W, Gleeson D, Jones B, Dale J. Population Social Structure Facilitates Indirect Fitness Benefits from Extra-Pair Mating. Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Low level of extra-pair paternity between nearest neighbors results from female preference for high-quality males in the yellow-rumped flycatcher (Ficedula zanthopygia). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172713. [PMID: 28257431 PMCID: PMC5336208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra-pair copulation is considered to be a means by which females can modify their initial mate choice, and females might obtain indirect benefits to offspring fitness by engaging in this behavior. Here, we examined the patterns of extra-pair paternity and female preferences in the yellow-rumped flycatcher (Ficedula zanthopygia). We found that female yellow-rumped flycatchers are more likely to choose larger and relatively highly heterozygous males than their social mates as extra-pair mates, that the genetic similarity of pairs that produced mixed-paternity offspring did not differ from the similarity of pairs producing only within-pair offspring, and that extra-pair offspring were more heterozygous than their half-siblings. These findings support the good genes hypothesis but do not exclude the compatibility hypothesis. Most female yellow-rumped flycatchers attained extra-pair paternity with distant males rather than their nearest accessible neighboring males, and no differences in genetic and phenotypic characteristics were detected between cuckolded males and their nearest neighbors. There was no evidence that extra-pair mating by female flycatchers reduced inbreeding. Moreover, breeding density, breeding synchrony and their interaction did not affect the occurrence of extra-pair paternity in this species. Our results suggest that the variation in extra-pair paternity distribution between nearest neighbors in some passerine species might result from female preference for highly heterozygous males.
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16
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Huchard E, Schliehe-Diecks S, Kappeler PM, Kraus C. The inbreeding strategy of a solitary primate,Microcebus murinus. J Evol Biol 2016; 30:128-140. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Huchard
- ISEM UMR 5554; CNRS; Université de Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - S. Schliehe-Diecks
- Behavioral Ecology Sociobiology Unit; German Primate Center; Göttingen Germany
- Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology; Georg-August-University of Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - P. M. Kappeler
- Behavioral Ecology Sociobiology Unit; German Primate Center; Göttingen Germany
- Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology; Georg-August-University of Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - C. Kraus
- Behavioral Ecology Sociobiology Unit; German Primate Center; Göttingen Germany
- Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology; Georg-August-University of Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
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17
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Duthie AB, Bocedi G, Reid JM. When does female multiple mating evolve to adjust inbreeding? Effects of inbreeding depression, direct costs, mating constraints, and polyandry as a threshold trait. Evolution 2016; 70:1927-43. [PMID: 27464756 PMCID: PMC5053304 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyandry is often hypothesized to evolve to allow females to adjust the degree to which they inbreed. Multiple factors might affect such evolution, including inbreeding depression, direct costs, constraints on male availability, and the nature of polyandry as a threshold trait. Complex models are required to evaluate when evolution of polyandry to adjust inbreeding is predicted to arise. We used a genetically explicit individual‐based model to track the joint evolution of inbreeding strategy and polyandry defined as a polygenic threshold trait. Evolution of polyandry to avoid inbreeding only occurred given strong inbreeding depression, low direct costs, and severe restrictions on initial versus additional male availability. Evolution of polyandry to prefer inbreeding only occurred given zero inbreeding depression and direct costs, and given similarly severe restrictions on male availability. However, due to its threshold nature, phenotypic polyandry was frequently expressed even when strongly selected against and hence maladaptive. Further, the degree to which females adjusted inbreeding through polyandry was typically very small, and often reflected constraints on male availability rather than adaptive reproductive strategy. Evolution of polyandry solely to adjust inbreeding might consequently be highly restricted in nature, and such evolution cannot necessarily be directly inferred from observed magnitudes of inbreeding adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bradley Duthie
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Greta Bocedi
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jane M Reid
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom
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18
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Ferrandiz-Rovira M, Allainé D, Callait-Cardinal MP, Cohas A. Mate choice for neutral and MHC genetic characteristics in Alpine marmots: different targets in different contexts? Ecol Evol 2016; 6:4243-57. [PMID: 27386072 PMCID: PMC4930977 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection through female mate choice for genetic characteristics has been suggested to be an important evolutionary force maintaining genetic variation in animal populations. However, the genetic targets of female mate choice are not clearly identified and whether female mate choice is based on neutral genetic characteristics or on particular functional loci remains an open question. Here, we investigated the genetic targets of female mate choice in Alpine marmots (Marmota marmota), a socially monogamous mammal where extra‐pair paternity (EPP) occurs. We used 16 microsatellites to describe neutral genetic characteristics and two MHC loci belonging to MHC class I and II as functional genetic characteristics. Our results reveal that (1) neutral and MHC genetic characteristics convey different information in this species, (2) social pairs show a higher MHC class II dissimilarity than expected under random mate choice, and (3) the occurrence of EPP increases when social pairs present a high neutral genetic similarity or dissimilarity but also when they present low MHC class II dissimilarity. Thus, female mate choice is based on both neutral and MHC genetic characteristics, and the genetic characteristics targeted seem to be context dependent (i.e., the genes involved in social mate choice and genetic mate choice differ). We emphasize the need for empirical studies of mate choice in the wild using both neutral and MHC genetic characteristics because whether neutral and functional genetic characteristics convey similar information is not universal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Ferrandiz-Rovira
- Laboratoire Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive Université de Lyon CNRS UMR 5558 Université Lyon 1 F-69622 Villeurbanne F-69000 Lyon France; Université of Lyon VetAgro Sup Campus Vet F-69280 Marcy-L'Étoile France; CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Catalonia Spain; Univ Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Catalonia Spain
| | - Dominique Allainé
- Laboratoire Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive Université de Lyon CNRS UMR5558 Université Lyon 1 F-69622 Villeurbanne F-69000 Lyon France
| | - Marie-Pierre Callait-Cardinal
- Laboratoire Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive Université de Lyon CNRS UMR 5558 Université Lyon 1 F-69622 Villeurbanne F-69000 Lyon France; Université of Lyon VetAgro Sup Campus Vet F-69280 Marcy-L'Étoile France
| | - Aurélie Cohas
- Laboratoire Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive Université de Lyon CNRS UMR5558 Université Lyon 1 F-69622 Villeurbanne F-69000 Lyon France
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Nunn CL, Craft ME, Gillespie TR, Schaller M, Kappeler PM. The sociality-health-fitness nexus: synthesis, conclusions and future directions. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 370:rstb.2014.0115. [PMID: 25870401 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This theme issue has highlighted the links between sociality, health and fitness in a broad range of organisms, and with approaches that include field and captive studies of animals, comparative and meta-analyses, theoretical modelling and clinical and psychological studies of humans. In this concluding chapter, we synthesize the results of these diverse studies into some of the key concepts discussed in this issue, focusing on risks of infectious disease through social contact, the effects of competition in groups on susceptibility to disease, and the integration of sociality into research on life-history trade-offs. Interestingly, the studies in this issue both support pre-existing hypotheses, and in other ways challenge those hypotheses. We focus on unexpected results, including a lack of association between ectoparasites and fitness and weak results from a meta-analysis of the links between dominance rank and immune function, and place these results in a broader context. We also review relevant topics that were not covered fully in this theme issue, including self-medication and sickness behaviours, society-level defences against infectious disease, sexual selection, evolutionary medicine, implications for conservation biology and selective pressures on parasite traits. We conclude by identifying general open questions to stimulate and guide future research on the links between sociality, health and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Nunn
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Box 90383, Durham, NC 27708, USA Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 310 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Meggan E Craft
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Thomas R Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Program in Population Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mark Schaller
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Z4
| | - Peter M Kappeler
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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García-Navas V, Ferrer ES, Cáliz-Campal C, Bueno-Enciso J, Barrientos R, Sanz JJ, Ortego J. Spatiotemporal and genetic contingency of extrapair behaviour in a songbird. Anim Behav 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Parrott ML, Ward SJ, Temple-Smith PD, Selwood L. Females Choose Mates Based on Genetic Relatedness in a Small Dasyurid Marsupial, the Agile Antechinus (Antechinus agilis). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122381. [PMID: 25923325 PMCID: PMC4414469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Females in a variety of taxa mate with more than one male during a single oestrus and exhibit mate preferences for genetically compatible males, but the influence of female mate choice on siring success is not clearly understood. Whether females choose to mate with more than one male or endure forced copulations is also often unknown. Here, we examined the effects of genetic relatedness on female mate choice and siring success in a small semelparous carnivorous marsupial, the agile antechinus (Antechinus agilis), during two consecutive breeding seasons. Experimental trials were conducted in captivity over periods of 72 hours using interconnected enclosures in which female antechinus could choose to access any of four separated males, but males were only able to access females that entered their quarters. Females had access to two genetically similar and two genetically dissimilar males simultaneously and all behavioural interactions were observed and scored from continuous video recordings. Genetic similarity between mates and paternity of young was determined by microsatellite analyses. Some females chose to enter and mate with more than one male during a single oestrus period. Although females investigated all males, they spent significantly more time visiting, and mated more times with, genetically dissimilar males. Males that were genetically dissimilar to the female sired 88% of subsequent offspring. Whilst males mated readily with most females, they rejected the advances of some receptive females, indicating a previously unexpected level of male mate choice. The results show that genetic relatedness between mates has a significant influence on mate choice, breeding and siring success in the agile antechinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L. Parrott
- Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Wildlife Conservation and Science, Zoos Victoria, Parkville, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Simon J. Ward
- Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Biodiversity Conservation Division, NT Department of Natural Resources, Environment, the Arts and Sport, Palmerston, Australia
| | - Peter D. Temple-Smith
- Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Wildlife Conservation and Science, Zoos Victoria, Parkville, Australia
| | - Lynne Selwood
- Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Hsu YH, Schroeder J, Winney I, Burke T, Nakagawa S. Are extra-pair males different from cuckolded males? A case study and a meta-analytic examination. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:1558-71. [PMID: 25706253 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Traditional models for female extra-pair matings assume that females benefit indirectly from extra-pair mating behaviour. Under these so-called adaptive models, extra-pair males are hypothesized to have more compatible genotypes, larger body size, exaggerated ornaments or to be older than cuckolded males. Alternatively, ('nonadaptive') models that consider female extra-pair matings to be a by-product posit that female extra-pair mating can be maintained even if there is no benefit to females. This could happen if, for example, males gained fitness benefits from extra-pair mating, while female and male extra-pair mating behaviours were genetically correlated. Extra-pair males are also expected to be older and larger if this improves their ability to convince or coerce females to mate. We investigated whether a female's extra-pair mates differed from her cuckolded mate in both genetic and phenotypic traits by analysing data from an insular house sparrow population. We found that extra-pair males were older than cuckolded males, consistent with both models. However, in contrast to the expectations from from adaptive models, extra-pair and cuckolded males were of similar genetic relatedness, and hence expected compatibility, with the female, and had comparable body size and secondary sexual traits. We also updated previous meta-analyses examining differences between extra-pair and cuckolded males. The meta-analytic results matched results from our house sparrow case study. Although we cannot completely exclude indirect benefits for females, nonadaptive models may better explain female extra-pair matings. These neglected alternative models deserve more research attention, and this should improve our understanding of the evolution of mating systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsun Hsu
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Arct A, Drobniak SM, Cichoń M. Genetic similarity between mates predicts extrapair paternity—a meta-analysis of bird studies. Behav Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Quinard A, Dechaume-Moncharmont FX, Cézilly F. Pairing patterns in relation to body size, genetic similarity and multilocus heterozygosity in a tropical monogamous bird species. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1780-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Bichet C, Penn DJ, Moodley Y, Dunoyer L, Cellier-Holzem E, Belvalette M, Grégoire A, Garnier S, Sorci G. Females tend to prefer genetically similar mates in an island population of house sparrows. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:47. [PMID: 24621140 PMCID: PMC3984696 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is often proposed that females should select genetically dissimilar mates to maximize offspring genetic diversity and avoid inbreeding. Several recent studies have provided mixed evidence, however, and in some instances females seem to prefer genetically similar males. A preference for genetically similar mates can be adaptive if outbreeding depression is more harmful than inbreeding depression or if females gain inclusive fitness benefits by mating with close kin. Here, we investigated genetic compatibility and mating patterns in an insular population of house sparrow (Passer domesticus), over a three-year period, using 12 microsatellite markers and one major histocompability complex (MHC) class I gene. Given the small population size and the distance from the mainland, we expected a reduced gene flow in this insular population and we predicted that females would show mating preferences for genetically dissimilar mates. RESULTS Contrary to our expectation, we found that offspring were less genetically diverse (multi-locus heterozygosity) than expected under a random mating, suggesting that females tended to mate with genetically similar males. We found high levels of extra-pair paternity, and offspring sired by extra-pair males had a better fledging success than those sired by the social male. Again, unexpectedly, females tended to be more closely related to extra-pair mates than to their social mates. Our results did not depend on the type of genetic marker used, since microsatellites and MHC genes provided similar results, and we found only little evidence for MHC-dependent mating patterns. CONCLUSIONS These results are in agreement with the idea that mating with genetically similar mates can either avoid the disruption of co-adapted genes or confer a benefit in terms of kin selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coraline Bichet
- Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS 6282, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France.
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Reynolds SM, Uy JAC, Patricelli GL, Coleman SW, Braun MJ, Borgia G. Tests of the kin selection model of mate choice and inbreeding avoidance in satin bowerbirds. Behav Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/aru065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Thiel A, Weeda AC, de Boer JG, Hoffmeister TS. Genetic incompatibility drives mate choice in a parasitic wasp. Front Zool 2013; 10:43. [PMID: 23895372 PMCID: PMC3734144 DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-10-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Allelic incompatibility between individuals of the same species should select for mate choice based on the genetic make-up of both partners at loci that influence offspring fitness. As a consequence, mate choice may be an important driver of allelic diversity. A complementary sex determination (CSD) system is responsible for intraspecific allelic incompatibility in many species of ants, bees, and wasps. CSD may thus favour disassortative mating and in this, resembles the MHC of the vertebrate immune system, or the self-incompatibility (SI) system of higher plants. Results Here we show that in the monogamous parasitic wasp Bracon brevicornis (Wesmael), females are able to reject partners with incompatible alleles. Forcing females to accept initially rejected partners resulted in sex ratio distortion and partial infertility of offspring. Conclusions CSD-disassortative mating occurred independent of kin recognition and inbreeding avoidance in our experiment. The fitness consequences of mate choice are directly observable, not influenced by environmental effects, and more severe than in comparable systems (SI or MHC), on individuals as well as at the population level. Our results thus demonstrate the strong potential of female mate choice for maintaining high offspring fitness in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra Thiel
- Population and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Ecology, University of Bremen, FB 2, Leobener Str, NW2, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
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28
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Shuster SM, Briggs WR, Dennis PA. How multiple mating by females affects sexual selection. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20120046. [PMID: 23339237 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple mating by females is widely thought to encourage post-mating sexual selection and enhance female fitness. We show that whether polyandrous mating has these effects depends on two conditions. Condition 1 is the pattern of sperm utilization by females; specifically, whether, among females, male mating number, m (i.e. the number of times a male mates with one or more females) covaries with male offspring number, o. Polyandrous mating enhances sexual selection only when males who are successful at multiple mating also sire most or all of each of their mates' offspring, i.e. only when Cov(♂)(m,o), is positive. Condition 2 is the pattern of female reproductive life-history; specifically, whether female mating number, m, covaries with female offspring number, o. Only semelparity does not erode sexual selection, whereas iteroparity (i.e. when Cov(♀)(m,o), is positive) always increases the variance in offspring numbers among females, which always decreases the intensity of sexual selection on males. To document the covariance between mating number and offspring number for each sex, it is necessary to assign progeny to all parents, as well as identify mating and non-mating individuals. To document significant fitness gains by females through iteroparity, it is necessary to determine the relative magnitudes of male as well as female contributions to the total variance in relative fitness. We show how such data can be collected, how often they are collected, and we explain the circumstances in which selection favouring multiple mating by females can be strong or weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Shuster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5640, USA.
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29
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Canal D, Jovani R, Potti J. Male decisions or female accessibility? Spatiotemporal patterns of extra pair paternity in a songbird. Behav Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ars090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hirschenhauser
- Department of Behavioural Biology; Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Vienna; Vienna; Austria
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31
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Ringler E, Ringler M, Jehle R, Hödl W. The female perspective of mating in A. femoralis, a territorial frog with paternal care--a spatial and genetic analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40237. [PMID: 22768260 PMCID: PMC3386955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive significance of sequential polyandry is a challenging question in evolutionary and behavioral biology. Costs and benefits of different mating patterns are shaped by the spatial distribution of individuals and by genetic parameters such as the pairwise relatedness between potential mating partners. Thus, females should become less choosy as costs of mating and searching for mates increase. We used parentage assignments to investigate spatial and genetic patterns of mating across a natural population of the Neotropical frog Allobates femoralis, a species characterized by male territoriality and care and female iteroparity. There was no correlation between genetic and spatial distances between adult individuals across the population. In 72% of cases, females mated with males available within a radius of 20 m. Mean pairwise relatedness coefficients of successful reproducers did not differ from random mating but had a lower variance than expected by chance, suggesting maximal reproductive output at intermediate genetic divergence. We also found evidence for selection in favor of more heterozygous individuals between the embryo and adult stage. The level of sequential polyandry significantly increased with the number of spatially available males. Females that had more candidate males also produced more adult progeny. We hypothesize that the benefits associated with female multiple mating outweigh the costs of in- and outbreeding depression, and consequently precluded the evolution of 'choosy' mate selection in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ringler
- University of Vienna, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Vienna, Austria.
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32
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Hart BL. Behavioural defences in animals against pathogens and parasites: parallels with the pillars of medicine in humans. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2011; 366:3406-17. [PMID: 22042917 PMCID: PMC3189355 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
No other theme in animal biology seems to be more central than the concept of employing strategies to survive and successfully reproduce. In nature, controlling or avoiding pathogens and parasites is an essential fitness strategy because of the ever-present disease-causing organisms. The disease-control strategies discussed here are: physical avoidance and removal of pathogens and parasites; quarantine or peripheralization of conspecifics that could be carrying potential pathogens; herbal medicine, animal style, to prevent or treat an infection; potentiation of the immune system; and care of sick or injured group members. These strategies are seen as also encompassing the pillars of human medicine: (i) quarantine; (ii) immune-boosting vaccinations; (iii) use of medicinal products; and (iv) caring or nursing. In contrast to animals, in humans, the disease-control strategies have been consolidated into a consistent and extensive medical system. A hypothesis that explains some of this difference between animals and humans is that humans are sick more often than animals. This increase in sickness in humans leading to an extensive, cognitively driven medical system is attributed to an evolutionary dietary transition from mostly natural vegetation to a meat-based diet, with an increase in health-eroding free radicals and a dietary reduction of free-radical-scavenging antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Hart
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Krist M, Munclinger P. Superiority of extra-pair offspring: maternal but not genetic effects as revealed by a mixed cross-fostering design. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:5074-91. [PMID: 22061105 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05337.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Extra-pair copulations (EPC) are the rule rather than an exception in socially monogamous birds, but despite widespread occurrences, the benefits of female infidelity remain elusive. Most attention has been paid to the possibility that females gain genetic benefits from EPC, and fitness comparisons between maternal half-siblings are considered to be a defining test of this hypothesis. Recently, it was shown that these comparisons may be confounded by within-brood maternal effects where one such effect may be the distribution of half-siblings in the laying order. However, this possibility is difficult to study as it would be necessary to detect the egg from which each chick hatched. In this study, we used a new approach for egg-chick assignment and cross-fostered eggs on an individual basis among a set of nests of the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis. After hatching, chicks were ascribed to mothers and therefore to individual eggs by molecular genetic methods. Extra-pair young predominated early in the laying order. Under natural conditions, this should give them a competitive advantage over their half-siblings, mediated by hatching asynchrony. However, we experimentally synchronized hatching, and after this treatment, extra-pair young did not outperform within-pair young in any studied trait including survival up to recruitment and several indicators of reproductive success and attractiveness. We obtained only modest sample sizes for the last two traits and did not test for extra-pair success of male offspring. Thus, we cannot exclude the possibility of advantages of extra-pair young during the adult phase of life. However, our data tentatively suggest that the more likely reason for females' EPCs is the insurance against the infertility of a social mate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Krist
- Museum of Natural History, nám. Republiky 5, 771 73 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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35
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WANG CHEN, LU XIN. Female ground tits prefer relatives as extra-pair partners: driven by kin-selection? Mol Ecol 2011; 20:2851-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05070.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
Mating between related individuals results in inbreeding depression, and this has been thought to select against incestuous matings. However, theory predicts that inbreeding can also be adaptive if it increases the representation of genes identical by descent in future generations. Here, I recapitulate the theory of inclusive fitness benefits of incest, and extend the existing theory by deriving the stable level of inbreeding in populations practicing mate choice for optimal inbreeding. The parsimonious assumptions of the model are that selection maximizes inclusive fitness, and that inbreeding depression is a linear function of homozygosity of offspring. The stable level of inbreeding that maximizes inclusive fitness, and is expected to evolve by natural selection, is shown to be less than previous theory suggests. For wide range of realistic inbreeding depression strengths, mating with intermediately related individuals maximizes inclusive fitness. The predicted preference for intermediately related individuals as reproductive partners is in qualitative agreement with empirical evidence from mate choice experiments and reproductive patterns in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Puurtinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Centre of Excellence in Evolutionary Research, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Muller MN, Thompson ME, Kahlenberg SM, Wrangham RW. Sexual coercion by male chimpanzees shows that female choice may be more apparent than real. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-010-1093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hancox D, Hoskin CJ, Wilson RS. Evening up the score: sexual selection favours both alternatives in the colour-polymorphic ornate rainbowfish. Anim Behav 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hill CE, Akçay Ç, Campbell SE, Beecher MD. Extrapair paternity, song, and genetic quality in song sparrows. Behav Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arq171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Nest desertion is not predicted by cuckoldry in the Eurasian penduline tit. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2010; 64:1425-1435. [PMID: 20802790 PMCID: PMC2926902 DOI: 10.1007/s00265-010-0958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Engagement in extra-pair copulations is an example of the abundant conflicting interests between males and females over reproduction. Potential benefits for females and the risk of cuckoldry for males are expected to have important implications on the evolution of parental care. However, whether parents adjust parental care in response to parentage remains unclear. In Eurasian penduline tits Remiz pendulinus, which are small polygamous songbirds, parental care is carried out either by the male or by the female. In addition, one third of clutches is deserted by both male and female. Desertion takes place during the egg-laying phase. Using genotypes of nine microsatellite loci of 443 offspring and 211 adults, we test whether extra-pair paternity predicts parental care. We expect males to be more likely to desert cuckolded broods, whereas we expect females, if they obtain benefits from having multiple sires, to be more likely to care for broods with multiple paternity. Our results suggest that parental care is not adjusted to parentage on an ecological timescale. Furthermore, we found that male attractiveness does not predict cuckoldry, and we found no evidence for indirect benefits for females (i.e., increased growth rates or heterozygosity of extra-pair offspring). We argue that male Eurasian penduline tits may not be able to assess the risk of cuckoldry; thus, a direct association with parental care is unlikely to evolve. However, timing of desertion (i.e., when to desert during the egg-laying phase) may be influenced by the risk of cuckoldry. Future work applying extensive gene sequencing and quantitative genetics is likely to further our understanding of how selection may influence the association between parentage and parental care.
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Are large wattles related to particular MHC genotypes in the male pheasant? Genetica 2010; 138:657-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-010-9440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Townsend A, Clark A, McGowan K. Direct Benefits and Genetic Costs of Extrapair Paternity for Female American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos). Am Nat 2010; 175:E1-9. [DOI: 10.1086/648553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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LIU MARK, SIEFFERMAN LYNN, MAYS HERMAN, STEFFEN JOHNE, HILL GEOFFREYE. A field test of female mate preference for male plumage coloration in eastern bluebirds. Anim Behav 2009; 78:879-885. [PMID: 27041746 PMCID: PMC4813303 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence shows that female birds use male plumage coloration as an important criterion in mate choice. In the field, however, males with brighter coloration may both compete better for high quality territories and be the object of female choice. Positive associations between territory quality, male-male competitive ability, and female preferences can make it difficult to determine whether females actively choose the most ornamented males. Male eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) display brilliant ultraviolet (UV)-blue plumage coloration on their heads, backs, wings, and tails, and chestnut coloration on their breasts which is positively correlated with condition, reproductive effort, and reproductive success. We tested the hypothesis that female bluebirds prefer males that display brighter and more chromatic coloration by widowing males in the field and allowing replacement females to choose partners. We controlled for the influence of territory quality on female choice by widowing dyads of males with adjacent territories. We found no evidence that UV-blue or chestnut plumage coloration, body size, or body condition predicted the male with which females would pair. We found no support for the hypothesis that the coloration of male eastern bluebirds functions as a criterion in female mate choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- MARK LIU
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University
| | | | - HERMAN MAYS
- Cincinnati Museum Center, Geier Collections & Research Center
| | - JOHN E. STEFFEN
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University
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ALBRECHT T, VINKLER M, SCHNITZER J, POLÁKOVÁ R, MUNCLINGER P, BRYJA J. Extra-pair fertilizations contribute to selection on secondary male ornamentation in a socially monogamous passerine. J Evol Biol 2009; 22:2020-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01815.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Parental investment amplifies effects of genetic complementarity on growth rates in song sparrows, Melospiza melodia. Anim Behav 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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An introduction to genetic quality in the context of sexual selection. Genetica 2008; 134:1-4. [PMID: 18536868 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-008-9279-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This special issue of Genetica brings together empirical researchers and theoreticians to present the latest on the evolutionary ecology of genetic quality in the context of sexual selection. The work comes from different fields of study including behavioral ecology, quantitative genetics and molecular genetics on a diversity of organisms using different approaches from comparative studies, mathematical modeling, field studies and laboratory experiments. The papers presented in this special issue primarily focus on genetic quality in relation to (1) sources of genetic variation, (2) polyandry, (3) new theoretical developments and (4) comprehensive reviews.
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