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Milani D, Gasparotto AE, Loreto V, Martí DA, Cabral-de-Mello DC. Chromosomal and genomic analysis suggests single origin and high molecular differentiation of the B chromosome of Abracris flavolineata. Genome 2024; 67:327-338. [PMID: 38723289 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2023-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Supernumerary chromosomes (B chromosomes) have been an intriguing subject of study. Our understanding of the molecular differentiation of B chromosomes from an interpopulation perspective remains limited, with most analyses involving chromosome banding and mapping of a few sequences. To gain insights into the molecular composition, origin, and evolution of B chromosomes, we conducted cytogenetic and next-generation sequencing analysis of the repeatome in the grasshopper Abracris flavolineata across various populations. Our results unveiled the presence of B chromosomes in two newly investigated populations and described new satellite DNA sequences. While we observed some degree of genetic connection among A. flavolineata populations, our comparative analysis of genomes with and without B chromosomes provided evidence of two new B chromosome variants. These variants exhibited distinct compositions of various repeat classes, including transposable elements and satellite DNAs. Based on shared repeats, their chromosomal location, and the C-positive heterochromatin content on the B chromosome, these variants likely share a common origin but have undergone distinct molecular differentiation processes, resulting in varying degrees of heterochromatinization. Our data serve as a detailed example of the dynamic and differentiated nature of B chromosome molecular content at the interpopulation level, even when they share a common origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Milani
- Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa Gasparotto
- Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vilma Loreto
- Univ Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Diogo C Cabral-de-Mello
- Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rajpal VR, Sharma S, Sehgal D, Sharma P, Wadhwa N, Dhakate P, Chandra A, Thakur RK, Deb S, Rama Rao S, Mir BA, Raina SN. Comprehending the dynamism of B chromosomes in their journey towards becoming unselfish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1072716. [PMID: 36684438 PMCID: PMC9846793 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1072716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigated for more than a century now, B chromosomes (Bs) research has come a long way from Bs being considered parasitic or neutral to becoming unselfish and bringing benefits to their hosts. B chromosomes exist as accessory chromosomes along with the standard A chromosomes (As) across eukaryotic taxa. Represented singly or in multiple copies, B chromosomes are largely heterochromatic but also contain euchromatic and organellar segments. Although B chromosomes are derived entities, they follow their species-specific evolutionary pattern. B chromosomes fail to pair with the standard chromosomes during meiosis and vary in their number, size, composition and structure across taxa and ensure their successful transmission through non-mendelian mechanisms like mitotic, pre-meiotic, meiotic or post-meiotic drives, unique non-disjunction, self-pairing or even imparting benefits to the host when they lack drive. B chromosomes have been associated with cellular processes like sex determination, pathogenicity, resistance to pathogens, phenotypic effects, and differential gene expression. With the advancements in B-omics research, novel insights have been gleaned on their functions, some of which have been associated with the regulation of gene expression of A chromosomes through increased expression of miRNAs or differential expression of transposable elements located on them. The next-generation sequencing and emerging technologies will further likely unravel the cellular, molecular and functional behaviour of these enigmatic entities. Amidst the extensive fluidity shown by B chromosomes in their structural and functional attributes, we perceive that the existence and survival of B chromosomes in the populations most likely seem to be a trade-off between the drive efficiency and adaptive significance versus their adverse effects on reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Rani Rajpal
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India,*Correspondence: Vijay Rani Rajpal, , ; Soom Nath Raina,
| | - Suman Sharma
- Department of Botany, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Deepmala Sehgal
- Syngenta, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Prashansa Sharma
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nikita Wadhwa
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Atika Chandra
- Department of Botany, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kr. Thakur
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sohini Deb
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Satyawada Rama Rao
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Mir
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Soom Nath Raina
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India,*Correspondence: Vijay Rani Rajpal, , ; Soom Nath Raina,
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Johnson Pokorná M, Reifová R. Evolution of B Chromosomes: From Dispensable Parasitic Chromosomes to Essential Genomic Players. Front Genet 2021; 12:727570. [PMID: 34956308 PMCID: PMC8695967 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.727570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B chromosomes represent additional chromosomes found in many eukaryotic organisms. Their origin is not completely understood but recent genomic studies suggest that they mostly arise through rearrangements and duplications from standard chromosomes. They can occur in single or multiple copies in a cell and are usually present only in a subset of individuals in the population. Because B chromosomes frequently show unstable inheritance, their maintenance in a population is often associated with meiotic drive or other mechanisms that increase the probability of their transmission to the next generation. For all these reasons, B chromosomes have been commonly considered to be nonessential, selfish, parasitic elements. Although it was originally believed that B chromosomes had little or no effect on an organism's biology and fitness, a growing number of studies have shown that B chromosomes can play a significant role in processes such as sex determination, pathogenicity and resistance to pathogens. In some cases, B chromosomes became an essential part of the genome, turning into new sex chromosomes or germline-restricted chromosomes with important roles in the organism's fertility. Here, we review such cases of "cellular domestication" of B chromosomes and show that B chromosomes can be important genomic players with significant evolutionary impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Johnson Pokorná
- Department of Zoology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Ecology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Reifová
- Department of Zoology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Ahmad SF, Jehangir M, Cardoso AL, Wolf IR, Margarido VP, Cabral-de-Mello DC, O'Neill R, Valente GT, Martins C. B chromosomes of multiple species have intense evolutionary dynamics and accumulated genes related to important biological processes. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:656. [PMID: 32967626 PMCID: PMC7509943 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the biggest challenges in chromosome biology is to understand the occurrence and complex genetics of the extra, non-essential karyotype elements, commonly known as supernumerary or B chromosomes (Bs). The non-Mendelian inheritance and non-pairing abilities of B chromosomes make them an interesting model for genomics studies, thus bringing to bear different questions about their genetic composition, evolutionary survival, maintenance and functional role inside the cell. This study uncovers these phenomena in multiple species that we considered as representative organisms of both vertebrate and invertebrate models for B chromosome analysis. RESULTS We sequenced the genomes of three animal species including two fishes Astyanax mexicanus and Astyanax correntinus, and a grasshopper Abracris flavolineata, each with and without Bs, and identified their B-localized genes and repeat contents. We detected unique sequences occurring exclusively on Bs and discovered various evolutionary patterns of genomic rearrangements associated to Bs. In situ hybridization and quantitative polymerase chain reactions further validated our genomic approach confirming detection of sequences on Bs. The functional annotation of B sequences showed that the B chromosome comprises regions of gene fragments, novel genes, and intact genes, which encode a diverse set of functions related to important biological processes such as metabolism, morphogenesis, reproduction, transposition, recombination, cell cycle and chromosomes functions which might be important for their evolutionary success. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the genomic structure, composition and function of Bs, which provide new insights for theories of B chromosome evolution. The selfish behavior of Bs seems to be favored by gained genes/sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed F Ahmad
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Bioscience at Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Maryam Jehangir
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Bioscience at Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Adauto L Cardoso
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Bioscience at Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Ivan R Wolf
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Bioscience at Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Vladimir P Margarido
- Western Paraná State University (UNIOESTE), Center for Biology Science and Health, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Diogo C Cabral-de-Mello
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Rachel O'Neill
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut (UCONN), Storrs, CT, USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut (UCONN), Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Guilherme T Valente
- Bioprocess and Biotechnology Department, Agronomical Science Faculty, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar Martins
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Bioscience at Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil.
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Melo AS, Cruz GAS, Félix AP, Rocha MF, Loreto V, Moura RC. Wide dispersion of B chromosomes in Rhammatocerus brasiliensis (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190077. [PMID: 32542305 PMCID: PMC7295183 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The grasshopper Rhammatocerus brasiliensis shows polymorphism of B chromosomes, but the magnitude of B-chromosome occurrence and the factors that may contribute to their dispersion in the species remain unknown thus far. The present study analyzed the occurrence and dispersion of B chromosomes in R. brasiliensis individuals from 21 populations widely distributed in the Brazilian Northeast. The genetic connectivity between 10 populations was verified through analysis of ISSR markers from 200 individuals. Of the 21 populations, 19 presented individuals with one B chromosome, three with two, and one with three B chromosomes. The B chromosome is of medium size and constitutive heterochromatin (CH) located in the pericentromeric region. A variant B chromosome was observed in three populations, similar in size to that of chromosome X, gap and CH, and located in the terminal region. B chromosome frequencies in different populations varied from 0% to 18,8%, mean 8,5%. The wide distribution of the B chromosome is likely a consequence of the positive gene flow among the analyzed populations. B-chromosome occurrence in populations of R. brasiliensis possibly follows the population genetic structure of the species and, owing to the existence of a variant, its origin may not be recent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana S Melo
- Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Genética de Insetos, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Geyner A S Cruz
- Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Genética de Insetos, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Genética Evolutiva, Campus Petrolina, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Aline P Félix
- Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Genética de Insetos, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Marília F Rocha
- Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Genética de Insetos, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Vilma Loreto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Genética Animal e Humana e Citogenética, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rita C Moura
- Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Genética de Insetos, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Ahmad SF, Martins C. The Modern View of B Chromosomes Under the Impact of High Scale Omics Analyses. Cells 2019; 8:E156. [PMID: 30781835 PMCID: PMC6406668 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) are extra karyotype units in addition to A chromosomes, and are found in some fungi and thousands of animals and plant species. Bs are uniquely characterized due to their non-Mendelian inheritance, and represent one of the best examples of genomic conflict. Over the last decades, their genetic composition, function and evolution have remained an unresolved query, although a few successful attempts have been made to address these phenomena. A classical concept based on cytogenetics and genetics is that Bs are selfish and abundant with DNA repeats and transposons, and in most cases, they do not carry any function. However, recently, the modern quantum development of high scale multi-omics techniques has shifted B research towards a new-born field that we call "B-omics". We review the recent literature and add novel perspectives to the B research, discussing the role of new technologies to understand the mechanistic perspectives of the molecular evolution and function of Bs. The modern view states that B chromosomes are enriched with genes for many significant biological functions, including but not limited to the interesting set of genes related to cell cycle and chromosome structure. Furthermore, the presence of B chromosomes could favor genomic rearrangements and influence the nuclear environment affecting the function of other chromatin regions. We hypothesize that B chromosomes might play a key function in driving their transmission and maintenance inside the cell, as well as offer an extra genomic compartment for evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Farhan Ahmad
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences at Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), CEP 18618689, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cesar Martins
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences at Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), CEP 18618689, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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7
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Milani D, Bardella VB, Ferretti ABSM, Palacios-Gimenez OM, Melo ADS, Moura RC, Loreto V, Song H, Cabral-de-Mello DC. Satellite DNAs Unveil Clues about the Ancestry and Composition of B Chromosomes in Three Grasshopper Species. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9110523. [PMID: 30373193 PMCID: PMC6265867 DOI: 10.3390/genes9110523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Supernumerary (B) chromosomes are dispensable genomic elements occurring frequently among grasshoppers. Most B chromosomes are enriched with repetitive DNAs, including satellite DNAs (satDNAs) that could be implicated in their evolution. Although studied in some species, the specific ancestry of B chromosomes is difficult to ascertain and it was determined in only a few examples. Here we used bioinformatics and cytogenetics to characterize the composition and putative ancestry of B chromosomes in three grasshopper species, Rhammatocerus brasiliensis, Schistocerca rubiginosa, and Xyleus discoideus angulatus. Using the RepeatExplorer pipeline we searched for the most abundant satDNAs in Illumina sequenced reads, and then we generated probes used in fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to determine chromosomal position. We used this information to infer ancestry and the events that likely occurred at the origin of B chromosomes. We found twelve, nine, and eighteen satDNA families in the genomes of R. brasiliensis, S. rubiginosa, and X. d. angulatus, respectively. Some satDNAs revealed clustered organization on A and B chromosomes varying in number of sites and position along chromosomes. We did not find specific satDNA occurring in the B chromosome. The satDNAs shared among A and B chromosomes support the idea of putative intraspecific ancestry from small autosomes in the three species, i.e., pair S11 in R. brasiliensis, pair S9 in S. rubiginosa, and pair S10 in X. d. angulatus. The possibility of involvement of other chromosomal pairs in B chromosome origin is also hypothesized. Finally, we discussed particular aspects in composition, origin, and evolution of the B chromosome for each species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Milani
- Instituto de Biociências/IB, Departamento de Biologia, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo 01049-010, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa B Bardella
- Instituto de Biociências/IB, Departamento de Biologia, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo 01049-010, Brazil.
| | - Ana B S M Ferretti
- Instituto de Biociências/IB, Departamento de Biologia, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo 01049-010, Brazil.
| | - Octavio M Palacios-Gimenez
- Instituto de Biociências/IB, Departamento de Biologia, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo 01049-010, Brazil.
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Adriana de S Melo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Genética de Insetos, UPE-Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife 50100-130, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Rita C Moura
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Genética de Insetos, UPE-Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife 50100-130, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Vilma Loreto
- Centro de Biociências/CB, Departamento de Genética, UFPE-Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Hojun Song
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2475 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-2475, USA.
| | - Diogo C Cabral-de-Mello
- Instituto de Biociências/IB, Departamento de Biologia, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo 01049-010, Brazil.
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8
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Jetybayev IY, Bugrov AG, Dzuybenko VV, Rubtsov NB. B Chromosomes in Grasshoppers: Different Origins and Pathways to the Modern B s. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9100509. [PMID: 30340429 PMCID: PMC6209997 DOI: 10.3390/genes9100509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
B chromosomes (Bs) were described in most taxa of eukaryotes and in around 11.9% of studied Orthopteran species. In some grasshopper species, their evolution has led to many B chromosome morphotypes. We studied the Bs in nine species (Nocaracris tardus, Nocaracris cyanipes, Aeropus sibiricus, Chorthippus jacobsoni, Chorthippus apricarius, Bryodema gebleri, Asiotmethis heptapotamicus songoricus, Podisma sapporensis, and Eyprepocnemis plorans), analyzing their possible origin and further development. The studied Bs consisted of C-positive or C-positive and C-negative regions. Analyzing new data and considering current hypotheses, we suggest that Bs in grasshoppers could arise through different mechanisms and from different chromosomes of the main set. We gave our special attention to the Bs with C-negative regions and suggest a new hypothesis of B chromosome formation from large or medium autosomes. This hypothesis includes dissemination of repetitive sequences and development of intercalary heterochromatic blocks in euchromatic chromosome arm followed by deletion of euchromatic regions located between them. The hypothesis is based on the findings of the Eyprepocnemis plorans specimens with autosome containing numerous intercalary repeat clusters, analysis of C-positive Bs in Eyprepocnemis plorans and Podisma sapporensis containing intercalary and terminal C-negative regions, and development of heterochromatic neo-Y chromosome in some Pamphagidae grasshoppers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Yerkinovich Jetybayev
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Lavrentjev Ave., 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Frunze str. 11, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Alexander Gennadievich Bugrov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Frunze str. 11, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia.
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov str., 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | | | - Nikolay Borisovich Rubtsov
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Lavrentjev Ave., 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov str., 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
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9
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D'Ambrosio U, Alonso-Lifante MP, Barros K, Kovařík A, Mas de Xaxars G, Garcia S. B-chrom: a database on B-chromosomes of plants, animals and fungi. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:635-642. [PMID: 28742254 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo D'Ambrosio
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), Passeig del Migdia s/n, Barcelona 08038, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Pilar Alonso-Lifante
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), Passeig del Migdia s/n, Barcelona 08038, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Karina Barros
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), Passeig del Migdia s/n, Barcelona 08038, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Aleš Kovařík
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno CZ-61265, Czech Republic
| | - Gemma Mas de Xaxars
- Laboratori de Botànica (UB), Unitat Associada al CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s.n., Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sònia Garcia
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), Passeig del Migdia s/n, Barcelona 08038, Catalonia, Spain
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10
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Camacho JPM. Comment on Schielzeth et al. (2014): "Genome size variation affects song attractiveness in grasshoppers: Evidence for sexual selection against large genomes". Evolution 2016; 70:1428-30. [PMID: 27327141 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Schielzeth et al. (2014) concluded that attractive grasshopper singers have significantly smaller genomes thus suggesting a possible role for sexual selection on genome size. Whereas this conclusion could still be conceivably valid, it is not supported by the data presented due to some technical flaws. In addition, the interpretation of the results, speculating on the possible presence of B chromosomes, is not justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pedro M Camacho
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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11
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High similarity of U2 snDNA sequence between A and B chromosomes in the grasshopper Abracris flavolineata. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 290:1787-92. [PMID: 25846962 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
B chromosomes are frequently enriched for a wide variety of repetitive DNAs. Among grasshoppers in the species Abracris flavolineata (Ommatolampidinae) the B chromosomes are submetacentric, C-negative and harbor repetitive DNAs such as, U2 snDNA, C 0 t-1 DNA, two Mariner-like elements and some microsatellites. Here, we provide evidence showing the intragenome similarity between the B chromosome and the A complement in A. flavolineata, combining analysis of microdissection and chromosome painting and B chromosome-specific amplification through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of U2 snDNA. Chromosome painting revealed signals spread through the C-negative regions, including the A and B chromosomes. Moreover, significant clustered signals forming bands were observed in some A chromosomes, and for the B chromosome, significant signals were located on both arms, which could be caused by accumulation of repetitive DNA sequences. The C-positive regions did not reveal any signals. Sequence comparison of U2 snDNA between that obtained from a genome without the B chromosome and that from µB-DNA revealed high similarity with the occurrence of four shared haplotypes, one of them (i.e., Hap1) being highly prevalent and putatively ancestral. The highest divergence from Hap1 was observed for Hap3, which was caused by only six mutational steps. These data support an intraspecific origin of the B chromosome in A. flavolineata that is highly similar with the A complement, and the low U2 snDNA sequence diversity observed in the B chromosome could be related to its recent origin, besides intrachromosomal concerted evolution for U2 snDNA repeats in the B chromosome.
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12
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Jenkinson JJ. Chromosomal Characteristics of North American and Other Naiades (Bivalvia: Unionida). MALACOLOGIA 2014. [DOI: 10.4002/040.057.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Milani D, Cabral-de-Mello DC. Microsatellite organization in the grasshopper Abracris flavolineata (Orthoptera: Acrididae) revealed by FISH mapping: remarkable spreading in the A and B chromosomes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97956. [PMID: 24871300 PMCID: PMC4037182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim of acquiring deeper knowledge about repetitive DNAs chromosomal organization in grasshoppers, we used fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to map the distribution of 16 microsatellite repeats, including mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-nucleotides, in the chromosomes of the species Abracris flavolineata (Acrididae), which harbors B chromosome. FISH revealed two main patterns: (i) exclusively scattered signals, and (ii) scattered and specific signals, forming evident blocks. The enrichment was observed in both euchromatic and heterochromatic areas and only the motif (C)30 was absent in heterochromatin. The A and B chromosomes were enriched with all the elements that were mapped, being observed in the B chromosome more distinctive blocks for (GA)15 and (GAG)10. For A complement distinctive blocks were noticed for (A)30, (CA)15, (CG)15, (GA)15, (CAC)10, (CAA)10, (CGG)10, (GAA)10, (GAC)10 and (GATA)8. These results revealed an intense spreading of microsatellites in the A. flavolineata genome that was independent of the A+T or G+C enrichment in the repeats. The data indicate that the microsatellites compose the B chromosome and could be involved in the evolution of this element in this species, although no specific relationship with any A chromosome was observed to discuss about its origin. The systematic analysis presented here contributes to the knowledge of repetitive DNA chromosomal organization among grasshoppers including the B chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Milani
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências/IB, Departamento de Biologia, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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Evidence for meiotic drive as an explanation for karyotype changes in fishes. Mar Genomics 2014; 15:29-34. [PMID: 24844732 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The process of preferential chromosome segregation during meiosis has been suggested to be responsible for the predominance of certain chromosome types in the karyotypes of mammals, birds and insects. We developed an extensive analysis of the fixation of mono- or bibrachial chromosomes in the karyotypes of the large Actinopterygii fish group, a key link in the evolution of terrestrial vertebrates, in order to investigate the generality of meiotic drive in determining karyotypic macrotrends. Unlike mammals, fishes have markedly undergone several types of preferential chromosomal rearrangements throughout evolution. Data from the analyzed orders indicate a prevalence of karyotypes with few (<33%) or many (>66%) acrocentric chromosomes and a low number of karyotypes with balanced numbers of mono- and bi-brachial elements. Parallel trends towards a higher number of karyotypes with prevalence of monobrachial chromosomes occurred in phylogenetically close orders (e.g. Perciformes and Tetraodontiformes, and in the order Mugiliformes) and in clades with prevalence of bibrachial elements (e.g. Characiformes, Gymnotiformes, Siluriformes, and Cypriniformes). Some orders where fewer species were available for study, such as Atheriniformes and Anguilliformes, showed karyotype assemblages where both trends were present. Our results strongly suggest a primary role of meiotic drive in karyotypic evolution as indicated by the accumulation of monobrachial chromosomes in Perciformes and Cypriniformes, or bibrachial chromosomes in Siluriformes and Characiformes. Further examinations of the interaction between life history traits, environmental characteristics, and the fixation of chromosomal rearrangements would be exceedingly valuable.
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