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Liehr T. Editorial: Co-occurrence of numerical and structural aberration-small supernumerary marker chromosomes and B-chromosomes. Front Genet 2024; 15:1408674. [PMID: 38699228 PMCID: PMC11064840 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1408674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena, Germany
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Gutiérrez ML, Rodríguez-González R, Fuentes I, Gálvez-Prada F, Kovařík A, Garcia S. First Update to B-Chrom: A Database on B-Chromosomes. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2703:227-236. [PMID: 37646949 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3389-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The supernumerary mostly dispensable B chromosomes are nuclear components of about 15% of eukaryotic phyla. For a long time, B chromosomes have been studied, generating an enormous bulk of knowledge, diluted in the vastness of the scientific literature. In order to provide better access to this information, we created B-chrom ( www.bchrom.csic.es ), an online database with comprehensive information on Bs for plants, animals, and fungi. It was released in 2017 and first updated in 2021, by adding 334 entries and 123 new species. Currently, the resource provides information for 2951 species coming from 3292 sources. During this time, the usefulness of this database has been proven by the number of visits (more than 207,000 since its release) and by the scientific community, having been cited in more than 60 publications until present. This chapter explains the database composition and tips on how to use it.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Gutiérrez
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona, IBB (CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roi Rodríguez-González
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona, IBB (CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Inés Fuentes
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona, IBB (CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Aleš Kovařík
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sònia Garcia
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona, IBB (CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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3
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Stelzer CP, Blommaert J, Waldvogel AM, Pichler M, Hecox-Lea B, Mark Welch DB. Comparative analysis reveals within-population genome size variation in a rotifer is driven by large genomic elements with highly abundant satellite DNA repeat elements. BMC Biol 2021; 19:206. [PMID: 34530817 PMCID: PMC8447722 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eukaryotic genomes are known to display an enormous variation in size, but the evolutionary causes of this phenomenon are still poorly understood. To obtain mechanistic insights into such variation, previous studies have often employed comparative genomics approaches involving closely related species or geographically isolated populations within a species. Genome comparisons among individuals of the same population remained so far understudied-despite their great potential in providing a microevolutionary perspective to genome size evolution. The rotifer Brachionus asplanchnoidis represents one of the most extreme cases of within-population genome size variation among eukaryotes, displaying almost twofold variation within a geographic population. RESULTS Here, we used a whole-genome sequencing approach to identify the underlying DNA sequence differences by assembling a high-quality reference genome draft for one individual of the population and aligning short reads of 15 individuals from the same geographic population including the reference individual. We identified several large, contiguous copy number variable regions (CNVs), up to megabases in size, which exhibited striking coverage differences among individuals, and whose coverage overall scaled with genome size. CNVs were of remarkably low complexity, being mainly composed of tandemly repeated satellite DNA with only a few interspersed genes or other sequences, and were characterized by a significantly elevated GC-content. CNV patterns in offspring of two parents with divergent genome size and CNV patterns in several individuals from an inbred line differing in genome size demonstrated inheritance and accumulation of CNVs across generations. CONCLUSIONS By identifying the exact genomic elements that cause within-population genome size variation, our study paves the way for studying genome size evolution in contemporary populations rather than inferring patterns and processes a posteriori from species comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Stelzer
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria.
| | - J Blommaert
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A M Waldvogel
- Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Pichler
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
| | - B Hecox-Lea
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - D B Mark Welch
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
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Stoianova D, Simov N, Vu MQ, Nguyen DM, Grozeva S. New data on karyotype, spermatogenesis and ovarian trophocyte ploidy in three aquatic bug species of the families Naucoridae, Notonectidae, and Belostomatidae (Nepomorpha, Heteroptera). Comp Cytogenet 2020; 14:139-156. [PMID: 32194920 PMCID: PMC7067897 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v14i1.48709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the karyotype, some aspects of spermatogenesis, and ovarian trophocytes ploidy in three aquatic bug species: Ilyocoris cimicoides (Linnaeus, 1758), Notonecta glauca Linnaeus, 1758, and Diplonychus rusticus Fabricius, 1871 from previously unexplored regions - South Europe (Bulgaria) and Southeast Asia (Vietnam). Our results add considerable support for the published karyotype data for these species. In I. cimicoides, we observed achiasmate male meiosis - the first report of achiasmy for the family Naucoridae. More comprehensive cytogenetic studies in other species of the Naucoridae are required to elucidate the role of achiasmy as a character in the systematics of the family. Our observations on the association between phases of spermatogenesis and developmental stages in I. cimicoides and N. glauca differ from the previously published data. In these species, we assume that the spermatogenesis phases are not strongly associated with certain developmental stages. For further cytogenetic studies (on the Balkan Peninsula), we recommend July as the most appropriate month for collection of I. cimicoides and N. glauca. In the ovaries of both species, we studied the level of ploidy in metaphase and interphase trophocytes. In I. cimicoides, diploid and tetraploid metaphase trophocytes were found. Heteropycnotic elements, observed in interphase trophocytes of this species, represented the X chromosomes. It allowed us to determine the trophocytes ploidy at interphase (2n was repeated up to 16 times). The situation with N. glauca was different. The metaphase trophocytes were diploid and we were not able to determine the ploidy of interphase trophocytes since such conspicuous heteropycnotic elements were not found. The scarce data available suggest a tendency for a low level of trophocyte ploidy in the basal infraorders (Nepomorpha and Gerromorpha) and for a high level in the more advanced Pentatomomorpha. Data about this character in species from other infraorders are needed to confirm that tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desislava Stoianova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolay Simov
- National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Manh Quang Vu
- Hanoi National University of Education (HNUE), 136 Xuan Thuy Rd., DHSP Cau Giay; c/o Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, 140 Le Trong Tan St., Tan Phu, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Snejana Grozeva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
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Garcia F, Biedma L, Calzada J, Román J, Lozano A, Cortés F, Godoy JA, Ruiz-Herrera A. Chromosomal Differentiation in Genetically Isolated Populations of the Marsh-Specialist Crocidura suaveolens (Mammalia: Soricidae). Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E270. [PMID: 32131436 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Crocidura represents a remarkable model for the study of chromosome evolution. This is the case of the lesser white-toothed shrew (Crocidura suaveolens), a representative of the Palearctic group. Although continuously distributed from Siberia to Central Europe, C. suaveolens is a rare, habitat-specialist species in the southwesternmost limit of its distributional range, in the Gulf of Cádiz (Iberian Peninsula). In this area, C. suaveolens is restricted to genetically isolated populations associated to the tidal marches of five rivers (Guadiana, Piedras, Odiel, Tinto and Guadalquivir). This particular distributional range provides a unique opportunity to investigate whether genetic differentiation and habitat specialization was accompanied by chromosomal variation. In this context, the main objective of this study was to determinate the chromosomal characteristics of the habitat-specialist C. suaveolens in Southwestern Iberia, as a way to understand the evolutionary history of this species in the Iberian Peninsula. A total of 41 individuals from six different populations across the Gulf of Cádiz were collected and cytogenetically characterized. We detected four different karyotypes, with diploid numbers (2n) ranging from 2n = 40 to 2n = 43. Two of them (2n = 41 and 2n = 43) were characterized by the presence of B-chromosomes. The analysis of karyotype distribution across lineages and populations revealed an association between mtDNA population divergence and chromosomal differentiation. C. suaveolens populations in the Gulf of Cádiz provide a rare example of true karyotypic polymorphism potentially associated to genetic isolation and habitat specialization in which to investigate the evolutionary significance of chromosomal variation in mammals and their contribution to phenotypic and ecological divergence.
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Stelzer CP, Pichler M, Stadler P, Hatheuer A, Riss S. Within-Population Genome Size Variation is Mediated by Multiple Genomic Elements That Segregate Independently during Meiosis. Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:3424-3435. [PMID: 31742335 PMCID: PMC7145553 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Within-species variation in genome size has been documented in many animals and plants. Despite its importance for understanding eukaryotic genome diversity, there is only sparse knowledge about how individual-level processes mediate genome size variation in populations. Here, we study a natural population of the rotifer Brachionus asplanchnoidis whose members differ up to 1.9-fold in diploid genome size, but were still able to interbreed and produce viable offspring. We show that genome size is highly heritable and can be artificially selected up or down, but not below a certain basal diploid genome size for this species. Analyses of segregation patterns in haploid males reveal that large genomic elements (several megabases in size) provide the substrate of genome size variation. These elements, and their segregation patterns, explain the generation of new genome size variants, the short-term evolutionary potential of genome size change in populations, and some seemingly paradoxical patterns, like an increase in genome size variation among highly inbred lines. Our study suggests that a conceptual model involving only two variables, 1) a basal genome size of the population, and 2) a vector containing information on additional elements that may increase genome size in this population (size, number, and meiotic segregation behavior), can effectively address most scenarios of short-term evolutionary change of genome size in a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus-Peter Stelzer
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
| | - Maria Pichler
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
| | - Peter Stadler
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
| | - Anita Hatheuer
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
| | - Simone Riss
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
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7
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Plaumann PL, Schmidpeter J, Dahl M, Taher L, Koch C. A Dispensable Chromosome Is Required for Virulence in the Hemibiotrophic Plant Pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1005. [PMID: 29867895 PMCID: PMC5968395 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The hemibiotrophic plant pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum infects Brassicaceae and in combination with Arabidopsis thaliana, represents an important model system to investigate various ecologically important fungal pathogens and their infection strategies. After penetration of plant cells by appressoria, C. higginsianum establishes large biotrophic primary hyphae in the first infected cell. Shortly thereafter, a switch to necrotrophic growth occurs leading to the invasion of neighboring cells by secondary hyphae. In a forward genetic screen for virulence mutants by insertional mutagenesis, we identified mutants that penetrate the plant but show a defect in the passage from biotrophy to necrotrophy. Genome sequencing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that two mutants were lacking chromosome 11, encoding potential pathogenicity genes. We established a chromosome loss assay to verify that strains lacking this small chromosome abort infection during biotrophy, while their ability to grow on artificial media was not affected. C. higginsianum harbors a second small chromosome, which can be lost without effects on virulence or growth on agar plates. Furthermore, we found that chromosome 11 is required to suppress Arabidopsis thaliana plant defense mechanisms dependent on tryptophan derived secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter-Louis Plaumann
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Schmidpeter
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marlis Dahl
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leila Taher
- Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Koch
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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8
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Lanzas P, Perfectti F, Garrido-Ramos MA, Ruíz-Rejón C, González-Sánchez M, Puertas M, Camacho JPM. Long-term monitoring of B-chromosome invasion and neutralization in a population of Prospero autumnale (Asparagaceae). Evolution 2018; 72:1216-1224. [PMID: 29741266 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
B chromosomes have been reported in about 15% of eukaryotes, but long-term dynamics of B chromosomes in a single natural population has rarely been analyzed. Prospero autumnale plants collected in 1981 and 1983 at Cuesta de La Palma population had shown the presence of B chromosomes. We analyze here seven additional samples collected between 1987 and 2015, and show that B frequency increased significantly during the 1980s and showed minor fluctuations between 2005 and 2015. A mother-offspring analysis of B chromosome transmission, at population level, showed significant drive on the male side (kB = 0.65) and significant drag on the female side (kB = 0.33), with average B transmission rate being very close to the Mendelian rate (0.5). No significant effects of B chromosomes were observed on a number of vigor and fertility-related traits. Within a parasite/host framework, these results suggest that B chromosomes' drive on the male side is the main pathway for B chromosome invasion, whereas B chromosome drag on the female side might be the main manifestation of host genome resistance in this species. Prospero autumnale thus illuminates a novel evolutionary pathway for B chromosome neutralization by means of a decrease in B transmission through the nondriving sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Lanzas
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Perfectti
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.,Unidad de Excelencia "Modeling Nature", Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Mónica González-Sánchez
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Puertas
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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D'Ambrosio U, Alonso-Lifante MP, Barros K, Kovařík A, Mas de Xaxars G, Garcia S. B-chrom: a database on B-chromosomes of plants, animals and fungi. New Phytol 2017; 216:635-642. [PMID: 28742254 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo D'Ambrosio
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), Passeig del Migdia s/n, Barcelona 08038, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Pilar Alonso-Lifante
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), Passeig del Migdia s/n, Barcelona 08038, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Karina Barros
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), Passeig del Migdia s/n, Barcelona 08038, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Aleš Kovařík
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno CZ-61265, Czech Republic
| | - Gemma Mas de Xaxars
- Laboratori de Botànica (UB), Unitat Associada al CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s.n., Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sònia Garcia
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), Passeig del Migdia s/n, Barcelona 08038, Catalonia, Spain
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Abstract
A comprehensive review of cytogenetic features is provided for the large hemipteran suborder Auchenorrhyncha, which currently contains approximately 42,000 valid species. This review is based on the analysis of 819 species, 483 genera, and 31 families representing all presently recognized Auchenorrhyncha superfamilies, e.i. Cicadoidea (cicadas), Cercopoidea (spittle bugs), Membracoidea (leafhoppers and treehoppers), Myerslopioidea (ground-dwelling leafhoppers), and Fulgoroidea (planthoppers). History and present status of chromosome studies are described, as well as the structure of chromosomes, chromosome counts, trends and mechanisms of evolution of karyotypes and sex determining systems, their variation at different taxonomic levels and most characteristic (modal) states, occurrence of parthenogenesis, polyploidy, B-chromosomes and chromosome rearrangements, and methods used for cytogenetic analysis of Auchenorrhyncha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Kuznetsova
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; Saint Petersburg Scientific Center, Universitetskaya nab. 5, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dora Aguin-Pombo
- University of Madeira, 9000-390 Funchal, Madeira Il., Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), Vairão, Portugal
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Lakshmanan PS, Van Laere K, Eeckhaut T, Van Huylenbroeck J, Van Bockstaele E, Khrustaleva L. Karyotype analysis and visualization of 45S rRNA genes using fluorescence in situ hybridization in aroids (Araceae). Comp Cytogenet 2015; 9:145-60. [PMID: 26140158 PMCID: PMC4488963 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v9i2.4366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Karyotype analysis and FISH mapping using 45S rDNA sequences on 6 economically important plant species Anthuriumandraeanum Linden ex André, 1877, Monsteradeliciosa Liebmann, 1849, Philodendronscandens Koch & Sello, 1853, Spathiphyllumwallisii Regel, 1877, Syngoniumauritum (Linnaeus, 1759) Schott, 1829 and Zantedeschiaelliottiana (Knight, 1890) Engler, 1915 within the monocotyledonous family Araceae (aroids) were performed. Chromosome numbers varied between 2n=2x=24 and 2n=2x=60 and the chromosome length varied between 15.77 µm and 1.87 µm. No correlation between chromosome numbers and genome sizes was observed for the studied genera. The chromosome formulas contained only metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes, except for Philodendronscandens in which also telocentric and subtelocentric chromosomes were observed. The highest degree of compaction was calculated for Spathiphyllumwallisii (66.49Mbp/µm). B-chromosome-like structures were observed in Anthuriumandraeanum. Their measured size was 1.87 times smaller than the length of the shortest chromosome. After FISH experiments, two 45S rDNA sites were observed in 5 genera. Only in Zantedeschiaelliottiana, 4 sites were seen. Our results showed clear cytogenetic differences among genera within Araceae, and are the first molecular cytogenetics report for these genera. These chromosome data and molecular cytogenetic information are useful in aroid breeding programmes, systematics and evolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhu Shankar Lakshmanan
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Applied Genetics and Breeding, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle, Belgium
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University (UGent), Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Center of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University-Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (TIMACAD), 49, Timiryazevskaya str., 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Katrijn Van Laere
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Applied Genetics and Breeding, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Tom Eeckhaut
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Applied Genetics and Breeding, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Johan Van Huylenbroeck
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Applied Genetics and Breeding, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Erik Van Bockstaele
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Applied Genetics and Breeding, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle, Belgium
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University (UGent), Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ludmila Khrustaleva
- Center of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University-Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (TIMACAD), 49, Timiryazevskaya str., 127550 Moscow, Russia
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Kuznetsova VG, Golub NV, Aguin-Pombo D. Karyotypes, B-chromosomes and meiotic abnormalities in 13 populations of Alebra albostriella and A. wahlbergi (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae) from Greece. Comp Cytogenet 2013; 7:305-25. [PMID: 24455103 PMCID: PMC3890659 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v7i4.6411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work 13 populations of the leafhopper species Alebra albostriella (Fallén, 1826) (6 populations) and A. wahlbergi (Boheman, 1845) (7 populations) (Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from Greece were studied cytogenetically. We examined chromosomal complements and meiosis in 41 males of A. albostriella sampled from Castanea sativa, Fagus sylvatica and Quercus cerris and in 21 males of A. wahlbergi sampled from C. sativa, Acer opalus and Ulmus sp. The species were shown to share 2n = 22 + X(0) and male meiosis of the chiasmate preductional type typical for Auchenorrhyncha. In all populations of A. albostriella and in all but two populations of A. wahlbergi B chromosomes and/or different meiotic abnormalities including the end-to-end non-homologous chromosomal associations, translocation chains, univalents, anaphasic laggards besides aberrant sperms were encountered. This study represents the first chromosomal record for the genus Alebra and one of the few population-cytogenetic studies in the Auchenorrhyncha.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia V. Golub
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Dora Aguin-Pombo
- University of Madeira, 9000-390 Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
- Centro de Investigaçao en Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), Vairão, Portugal
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Bedini G, Garbari F, Peruzzi L. Chromosome number variation of the Italian endemic vascular flora. State-of-the-art, gaps in knowledge and evidence for an exponential relationship among even ploidy levels. Comp Cytogenet 2012; 6:192-211. [PMID: 24260662 PMCID: PMC3833792 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.3107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Italian endemic vascular flora is composed of 1,286 specific and subspecific taxa. From the critical analysis of "Chrobase.it", 711 of them (about 55%) have been studied from a karyological point of view. These taxa belong to 52 out of 56 families and 204 out of 284 genera. These data suggest that endemic species are more studied than the flora as a whole. Mean chromosome number for Italian endemics is 2n = 30.68 ± 20.27 (median: 2n = 26, mode: 2n = 18). These values are very close to those known for the whole flora. Similar variation ranges, among endemics and species with wider distribution, are likely to reflect similar evolutionary trends. Known chromosome numbers in Italian endemics range from 2n = 8 to 2n = 182. About 9% of taxa show more than one cytotype and the frequency of Bs in the Italian endemic vascular flora is 3.3%. These values are slightly smaller compared with the whole Italian flora. Finally, for the basic chromosome numbers x = 7, 8, 9, the proportion of diploids (2n = 2x) to even polyploids (2n = 4x, 6x, 8x and 10x) can be described by the exponential function f(p) = e((5.539 - 0.637p)) (R(2) = 0.984).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Bedini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Botanica generale e sistematica, Università di Pisa, via Luca Ghini 5, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Garbari
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Botanica generale e sistematica, Università di Pisa, via Luca Ghini 5, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Peruzzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Botanica generale e sistematica, Università di Pisa, via Luca Ghini 5, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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Kuznetsova VG, Grozeva SM, Nokkala S, Nokkala C. Cytogenetics of the true bug infraorder Cimicomorpha (Hemiptera, Heteroptera): a review. Zookeys 2011; 154:31-70. [PMID: 22287915 PMCID: PMC3238039 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.154.1953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cimicomorpha is one of the largest and highly diversified infraorders of the Heteroptera. This group is also highly diversified cytogenetically and demonstrates a number of unusual cytogenetic characters such as holokinetic chromosomes; m-chromosomes; multiple sex chromosome systems; post-reduction of sex chromosomes in meiosis; variation in the presence/absence of chiasmata in spermatogenesis; different types of achiasmate meiosis. We present here a review of essential cytogenetic characters of the Cimicomorpha and outline the chief objectives and goals of future investigations in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Snejana M. Grozeva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem research, BAS, Tsar Osvoboditel blvd, 1, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Seppo Nokkala
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Christina Nokkala
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
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