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Haouari W, Dubail J, Poüs C, Cormier-Daire V, Bruneel A. Inherited Proteoglycan Biosynthesis Defects-Current Laboratory Tools and Bikunin as a Promising Blood Biomarker. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111654. [PMID: 34828260 PMCID: PMC8625474 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans consist of proteins linked to sulfated glycosaminoglycan chains. They constitute a family of macromolecules mainly involved in the architecture of organs and tissues as major components of extracellular matrices. Some proteoglycans also act as signaling molecules involved in inflammatory response as well as cell proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation. Inborn errors of proteoglycan metabolism are a group of orphan diseases with severe and irreversible skeletal abnormalities associated with multiorgan impairments. Identifying the gene variants that cause these pathologies proves to be difficult because of unspecific clinical symptoms, hardly accessible functional laboratory tests, and a lack of convenient blood biomarkers. In this review, we summarize the molecular pathways of proteoglycan biosynthesis, the associated inherited syndromes, and the related biochemical screening techniques, and we focus especially on a circulating proteoglycan called bikunin and on its potential as a new biomarker of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Haouari
- INSERM UMR1193, Paris-Saclay University, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92220 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (W.H.); (C.P.)
| | - Johanne Dubail
- INSERM UMR1163, French Reference Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, Imagine Institute, Paris University, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015 Paris, France; (J.D.); (V.C.-D.)
- AP-HP, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christian Poüs
- INSERM UMR1193, Paris-Saclay University, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92220 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (W.H.); (C.P.)
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- INSERM UMR1163, French Reference Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, Imagine Institute, Paris University, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015 Paris, France; (J.D.); (V.C.-D.)
- AP-HP, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Bruneel
- INSERM UMR1193, Paris-Saclay University, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92220 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (W.H.); (C.P.)
- AP-HP, Biochimie Métabolique et Cellulaire, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Wei X, Zhu X, Jiang L, Long M, Du Y. Recent research progress on the role of ulinastatin in chronic kidney disease. Nephrology (Carlton) 2021; 26:708-714. [PMID: 34050574 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
With the continuous improvement in living standards, lifestyle changes and ageing of the population, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has increased significantly, and its prevention and treatment have become important public health issues worldwide. Renal fibrosis is the main pathological basis of CKD progression to end-stage renal disease. Preventing the progression of renal fibrosis has always been the focus of clinical and scientific research. Ulinastatin is a serine protease inhibitor that is found in human blood and urine and inhibits the inflammatory response, regulates immunity and improves the microcirculation. It is widely used in patients with sepsis and septic shock in clinical practice. Recent studies have shown that ulinastatin can also play an important anti-fibrotic and organ protective role and can provide a new therapeutic hope for CKD patients. This review mainly introduced the research progress of UTI in inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, acute kidney injury and renal fibrosis. By investigating the role of ulinastatin in CKD, we can determine the possible mechanisms for its renal protection and improvement of renal fibrosis, so as to provide new ideas for the treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Wei
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mengtuan Long
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yujun Du
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Pugia MJ, Pradhan M, Qi R, Eastes DL, Vorsilak A, Mills BJ, Baird Z, Wijeratne A, McAhren SM, Mosley A, Shekhar A, Robertson DH. Utilization of electronic health records for the assessment of adiponectin receptor autoantibodies during the progression of cardio-metabolic comorbidities. ARCHIVES OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES 2020; 1:17-27. [PMID: 33511378 PMCID: PMC7839988 DOI: 10.46439/autoimmune.1.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a complex, multi-symptomatic disease whose complications drives increases in healthcare costs as the diabetes prevalence grows rapidly world-wide. Real-world electronic health records (EHRs) coupled with patient biospecimens, biological understanding, and technologies can characterize emerging diagnostic autoimmune markers resulting from proteomic discoveries. METHODS Circulating autoantibodies for C-terminal fragments of adiponectin receptor 1 (IgG-CTF) were measured by immunoassay to establish the reference range using midpoint samples from 1862 participants in a 20-year observational study of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular arterial disease (CVAD) conducted by the Fairbanks Institute. The White Blood Cell elastase activity in these patients was assessed using immunoassays for Bikunin and Uristatin. Participants were assigned to four cohorts (healthy, T2D, CV, CV+T2D) based on analysis of their EHRs and the diagnostic biomarkers values and patient status were assessed ten-years post-sample. RESULTS The IgG-CTF reference range was determined to be 75-821 ng/mL and IgG-CTF out-of-range values did not predict cohort or comorbidity as determined from the EHRs at 10 years after sample collection nor did IgG-CTF demonstrate a significant risk for comorbidity or death. Many patients at sample collection time had other conditions (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or other risk factors) of which only hypertension, Uristatin and Bikunin values correlated with increased risk of developing additional comorbidities (odds ratio 2.58-13.11, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that retrospective analysis of biorepositories coupled with EHRs can establish reference ranges for novel autoimmune diagnostic markers and provide insights into prediction of specific health outcomes and correlations to other markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Pugia
- Bioanalytical Research Core, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis IN, USA
| | - Meeta Pradhan
- Applied Data Sciences Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis IN, USA
| | - Rong Qi
- Applied Data Sciences Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis IN, USA
| | - Doreen L. Eastes
- Bioanalytical Research Core, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis IN, USA
| | - Anna Vorsilak
- Bioanalytical Research Core, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis IN, USA
| | - Bradley J. Mills
- Applied Data Sciences Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis IN, USA
| | - Zane Baird
- Bioanalytical Research Core, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis IN, USA
| | | | - Scott M. McAhren
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis IN, USA
| | - Amber Mosley
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis IN, USA
| | | | - Daniel H. Robertson
- Applied Data Sciences Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis IN, USA
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Lepedda AJ, Nieddu G, Rocchiccioli S, Ucciferri N, Idini M, De Muro P, Formato M. Levels of Urinary Trypsin Inhibitor and Structure of Its Chondroitin Sulphate Moiety in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:9378515. [PMID: 29541644 PMCID: PMC5818928 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9378515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem representing the fifth leading cause of mortality and a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In the last years, we reported an association among urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI), a small proteoglycan that plays pleiotropic roles in many inflammatory processes, and both type 1 and 2 diabetes and developed a method for its direct quantitation and structural characterization. METHODS Urine from 39 patients affected by type 1 diabetes, 32 patients with type 2 diabetes, and 52 controls were analysed. UTI was separated from the main glycosaminoglycans physiologically present in urine by anion exchange chromatography, treated for chondroitin sulphate (CS) chain complete depolymerisation, and analysed for both UTI content and CS structure. UTI identification was performed by nano-LC-MS/MS analysis. RESULTS We evidenced increased UTI levels, as well as reduced sulphation of its CS moiety in association with diabetes, regardless of both age and medium-term glycaemic control. Furthermore, no association between UTI and albumin excretion rate was found. CONCLUSIONS Evidences suggest that UTI levels are not directly correlated with renal function or, otherwise, that they may increase before the onset of renal impairment in diabetes, representing a potential marker for the underlying inflammatory condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriele Nieddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Nadia Ucciferri
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michela Idini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Pierina De Muro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marilena Formato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Kakizaki I, Takahashi R, Yanagisawa M, Yoshida F, Takagaki K. Enzymatic synthesis of hyaluronan hybrid urinary trypsin inhibitor. Carbohydr Res 2015; 413:129-34. [PMID: 26142361 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human urinary trypsin inhibitor is a proteoglycan that has a single low-sulfated chondroitin 4-sulfate chain at the seryl residue in position 10 of the core protein as a glycosaminoglycan moiety, and is used as an anti-inflammatory medicine based on the protease inhibitory activity of the core protein. However, the functions of the glycosaminoglycan moiety have not yet been elucidated in detail. In the present study, the glycosaminoglycan chains of a native urinary trypsin inhibitor were remodeled to hyaluronan chains, with no changes to the core protein, using transglycosylation as a reverse reaction of the hydrolysis of bovine testicular hyaluronidase, and the properties of the hybrid urinary trypsin inhibitor were then analyzed. The trypsin inhibitory activitiy of the hyaluronan hybrid urinary trypsin inhibitor was similar to that of the native type; however, its inhibitory effect on the hydrolysis of hyaluronidase were not as strong as that of the native type. This result demonstrated that the native urinary trypsin inhibitor possessed hyaluronidase inhibitory activity on its chondroitin sulfate chain. The hyaluronan hybrid urinary trypsin inhibitors obtained affinity to a hyaluronan-binding protein not exhibited by the native type. The interactions between the hyaluronan hybrid urinary trypsin inhibitors and phosphatidylcholine (abundant in the outer layer of plasma membrane) were stronger than that of the native type. Hyaluronan hybrid urinary trypsin inhibitors may be useful for investigating the functions of the glycosaminoglycan chains of urinary trypsin inhibitors and hyaluronan, and our hybrid synthesizing method may be used widely in research for future medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Kakizaki
- Department of Glycotechnology, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Ryoki Takahashi
- Wakamoto Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 378 Kanate Ooimachi Ashigarakamigun, Kanagawa 258-0018, Japan
| | - Miho Yanagisawa
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Futaba Yoshida
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Keiichi Takagaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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Zhang YH, Guo XH, Zhang QM, Yan GT, Wang TL. Serum CRP and urinary trypsin inhibitor implicate postoperative cognitive dysfunction especially in elderly patients. Int J Neurosci 2014; 125:501-6. [PMID: 25105909 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2014.949341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) characterized as the decline of memory and executive function after major surgery is not well illustrated. The aim of this study is to discover whether inflammatory cytokines and urinary trypsin inhibitor (uTi) contribute to the development of POCD. METHOD Sixty-three patients undergoing lumber discectomy and 47 age-matched control volunteers were involved in this study. The level of C-reaction protein (CRP) and uTi/urine creatinine (Ucr) was measured by immunoturbidimetry and enzyme-inhibition assay, respectively. Meanwhile, ELISA was involved to detect the level of IL-6, IL-10, MMP-9 in serum. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test was used to determine the cognitive decline of the patients and age-matched controls. RESULT In POCD group, the level of IL-6, IL-10, CRP, MMP-9 in serum and uTi /Ucr in urine was significantly higher than that in the group without POCD. The POCD was more frequently observed in elderly group than in the middle-aged group (43.75% versus 19.35%, p = 0.038). After logistic regression analysis adjusted by the age, only serum CRP at 72 h postoperation and urinary uTi /Ucr at 24 h postoperation were the independent risk factors of POCD. CONCLUSION Age-related increasing proinflammatory postoperation may result in higher occurrence of POCD in the elderly. Additionally, patients with extremely high concentrations of CRP in serum at 72 h postoperation and uTi /Ucr in urine at 24 h postoperation are more likely to experience POCD, especially in the elderly.
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Lepedda AJ, Nieddu G, Rocchiccioli S, Fresu P, De Muro P, Formato M. Development of a method for urine bikunin/urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) quantitation and structural characterization: Application to type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:3227-33. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriele Nieddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche; University of Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | | | - Pietro Fresu
- Unità Operativa di Diabetologia e Malattie del Ricambio; AOU-Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - Pierina De Muro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche; University of Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - Marilena Formato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche; University of Sassari; Sassari Italy
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Gozal D, Jortani S, Snow AB, Kheirandish-Gozal L, Bhattacharjee R, Kim J, Capdevila OS. Two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis proteomic approaches reveal urine candidate biomarkers in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180:1253-61. [PMID: 19797158 PMCID: PMC2796735 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200905-0765oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Sleep studies are laborious, expensive, inaccessible, and inconvenient for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children. OBJECTIVES To examine whether the urinary proteome uncovers specific clusters that are differentially expressed in the urine of children with OSA. METHODS Two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry proteomics followed by validation with western blot of ELISA. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Morning urine proteins from 60 children with polysomnographically confirmed OSA and from matched children with primary snoring (n = 30) and control subjects (n = 30) were assessed. A total of 16 proteins that are differentially expressed in OSA were identified, and 7 were confirmed by either immunoblots or ELISA. Among the latter, receiver-operator curve analyses of urinary concentrations of uromodulin, urocortin-3, orosomucoid-1, and kallikrein assigned favorable predictive properties to these proteins. Furthermore, combinatorial approaches indicated that the presence of values beyond the calculated cutoff concentrations for three or more of the proteins yielded a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 100%. CONCLUSIONS Proteomic approaches reveal that pediatric OSA is associated with specific and consistent alterations in urinary concentrations of specific protein clusters. Future studies aiming to validate this approach as a screening method of habitually snoring children appears warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gozal
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Abstract
Urine represents a modified ultrafiltrate of plasma, with protein concentrations typically approximately 1000-fold lower than plasma. Urine’s low protein concentration might suggest it to be a less promising diagnostic specimen than plasma. However, urine can be obtained noninvasively and tests of many urinary proteins are well-established in clinical practice. Proteomic technologies expand opportunities to analyze urinary proteins, identifying more than 1000 proteins and peptides in urine. Urine offers a sampling of most plasma proteins, with increased proportions of low-molecular-weight protein and peptide components. Urine also offers enriched sampling of proteins released along the urinary tract. Although urine presents some challenges as a diagnostic specimen, its diverse range of potential markers offers great potential for diagnosis of both systemic and kidney diseases. Examples of clinical situations where this may be of value are for more sensitive detection of kidney transplant rejection or of renal toxicity of medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen L Hortin
- National Institutes of Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Warren Magnuson Clinical Center, Building 10, Room 2C-407, Bethesda, MD 20892-1508, USA.
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Pugia MJ, Valdes R, Jortani SA. Bikunin (Urinary Trypsin Inhibitor): Structure, Biological Relevance, And Measurement. Adv Clin Chem 2007; 44:223-45. [PMID: 17682344 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2423(07)44007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory processes, such as phagocytosis, coagulation, and vascular dilation, promote the release of serine proteases by neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, lymphocytes, and the epithelial or endothelial cells. These proteases further facilitate the release of inflammatory cytokines and growth factors as well as take part in signal-cell proliferation through protease-activated receptors (PARs). Controlling the action of this cascade is necessary to prevent further damage to the normal tissues. One of the main anti-inflammatory response mediators is bikunin (Bik) that is responsible for inhibiting the activity of many serine proteases such as trypsin, thrombin, chymotrypsin, kallikrein, plasmin, elastase, cathepsin, Factors IXa, Xa, XIa, and XlIa. During the acute-phase response, Bik is released into plasma from proinhibitors primarily due to increased elastase activity. Bik is a glycoprotein, also referred to as urinary trypsin inhibitor, which in plasma inhibits the trypsin family of serine proteases by binding to either of the two Kunitz-binding domains. Bik also accumulates in urine. In conditions such as infection, cancer, tissue injury during surgery, kidney disease, vascular disease, coagulation, and diabetes, the concentrations of Bik in plasma and urine are increased. Several trypsin inhibitory assays for urine and immunoassays for both blood and urine have been described for measuring Bik. In addition to presenting the synthesis, structure, and pathophysiology of Bik, we will summarize various diagnostic approaches for measuring Bik. Analysis of Bik may provide a rapid approach in assessing various conditions involving the inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Pugia
- Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics, Tarrytown, New York, USA
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