1
|
Moekotte L, Kuiper JJW, Hiddingh S, Nguyen XTA, Boon CJF, van den Born LI, de Boer JH, van Genderen MM. CRB1-Associated Retinal Dystrophy Patients Have Expanded Lewis Glycoantigen-Positive T Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:6. [PMID: 37792335 PMCID: PMC10565706 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.13.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Eye inflammation may occur in patients with inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) and is seen frequently in IRDs associated with mutations in the CRB1 gene. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of inflammatory cells involved in IRDs, by deep profiling the composition of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with a CRB1-associated IRD. Methods This study included 33 patients with an IRD with confirmed CRB1 mutations and 32 healthy controls. A 43-parameter flow cytometry analysis was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from venous blood. FlowSOM and manual Boolean combination gating were used to identify and quantify immune cell subsets. Results Comparing patients with controls revealed a significant increase in patients in the abundance of circulating CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells that express sialyl Lewis X antigen. Furthermore, we detected a decrease in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and an IgA+CD24+CD38+ transitional B-cell subset in patients with an IRD. Conclusions Patients with a CRB1-associated IRD show marked changes in blood leukocyte composition, affecting lymphocyte and dendritic cell populations. These results implicate inflammatory pathways in the disease manifestations of IRDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lude Moekotte
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jonas J. W. Kuiper
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Hiddingh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Xuan-Thanh-An Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Camiel J. F. Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Joke H. de Boer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria M. van Genderen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Bartiméus, Diagnostic Center for complex visual disorders, Zeist, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen JY, Huang HH, Yu SY, Wu SJ, Kannagi R, Khoo KH. Concerted mass spectrometry-based glycomic approach for precision mapping of sulfo sialylated N-glycans on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lymphocytes. Glycobiology 2017; 28:9-20. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-You Chen
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hung Huang
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yi Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Ju Wu
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Reiji Kannagi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hegde RN, Subramanian A, Pothukuchi P, Parashuraman S, Luini A. Rare ER protein misfolding-mistrafficking disorders: Therapeutic developments. Tissue Cell 2017; 49:175-185. [PMID: 28222887 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The presence of a functional protein at the appropriate location in the cell is the result of the processes of transcription, translation, folding and trafficking to the correct destination. There are numerous diseases that are caused by protein misfolding, mainly due to mutations in the respective gene. The consequences of this misfolding may be that proteins effectively lose their function, either by being removed by the cellular quality control machinery or by accumulating at the incorrect intracellular or extracellular location. A number of mutations that lead to protein misfolding and affect trafficking to the final destination, e.g. Cystic fibrosis, Wilson's disease, and Progressive Familial Intrahepatic 1 cholestasis, result in proteins that retain partial function if their folding and trafficking is restored either by molecular or pharmacological means. In this review, we discuss several mutant proteins within this class of misfolding diseases and provide an update on the status of molecular and therapeutic developments and potential therapeutic strategies being developed to counter these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Advait Subramanian
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Alberto Luini
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico SDN, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Macauley MS, Kawasaki N, Peng W, Wang SH, He Y, Arlian BM, McBride R, Kannagi R, Khoo KH, Paulson JC. Unmasking of CD22 Co-receptor on Germinal Center B-cells Occurs by Alternative Mechanisms in Mouse and Man. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30066-77. [PMID: 26507663 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.691337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CD22 is an inhibitory B-cell co-receptor whose function is modulated by sialic acid (Sia)-bearing glycan ligands. Glycan remodeling in the germinal center (GC) alters CD22 ligands, with as yet no ascribed biological consequence. Here, we show in both mice and humans that loss of high affinity ligands on GC B-cells unmasks the binding site of CD22 relative to naive and memory B-cells, promoting recognition of trans ligands. The conserved modulation of CD22 ligands on GC B-cells is striking because high affinity glycan ligands of CD22 are species-specific. In both species, the high affinity ligand is based on the sequence Siaα2-6Galβ1-4GlcNAc, which terminates N-glycans. The human ligand has N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) as the sialic acid, and the high affinity ligand on naive B-cells contains 6-O-sulfate on the GlcNAc. On human GC B-cells, this sulfate modification is lost, giving rise to lower affinity CD22 ligands. Ligands of CD22 on naive murine B-cells do not contain the 6-O-sulfate modification. Instead, the high affinity ligand for mouse CD22 has N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) as the sialic acid, which is replaced on GC B-cells with Neu5Ac. Human naive and memory B-cells express sulfated glycans as high affinity CD22 ligands, which are lost on GC B-cells. In mice, Neu5Gc-containing glycans serve as high affinity CD22 ligands that are replaced by Neu5Ac-containing glycans on GC B-cells. Our results demonstrate that loss of high affinity CD22 ligands on GC B-cells occurs in both mice and humans through alternative mechanisms, unmasking CD22 relative to naive and memory B-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuan He
- Cell and Molecular Biology, and
| | | | | | - Reiji Kannagi
- Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | | - James C Paulson
- From the Departments of Chemical Physiology, Cell and Molecular Biology, and Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 and
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Matsumura R, Hirakawa J, Sato K, Ikeda T, Nagai M, Fukuda M, Imai Y, Kawashima H. Novel Antibodies Reactive with Sialyl Lewis X in Both Humans and Mice Define Its Critical Role in Leukocyte Trafficking and Contact Hypersensitivity Responses. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15313-26. [PMID: 25944902 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.650051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialyl Lewis X (sLe(x)) antigen functions as a common carbohydrate determinant recognized by all three members of the selectin family. However, its expression and function in mice remain undefined due to the poor reactivity of conventional anti-sLe(x) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with mouse tissues. Here, we developed novel anti-sLe(x) mAbs, termed F1 and F2, which react well with both human and mouse sLe(x), by immunizing fucosyltransferase (FucT)-IV and FucT-VII doubly deficient mice with 6-sulfo-sLe(x)-expressing cells transiently transfected with an expression vector encoding CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase. F1 and F2 specifically bound both the N-acetyl and the N-glycolyl forms of sLe(x) as well as 6-sulfo-sLe(x), a major ligand for L-selectin expressed in high endothelial venules, and efficiently blocked physiological lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes in mice. Importantly, both of the mAbs inhibited contact hypersensitivity responses not only when administered in the L-selectin-dependent sensitization phase but also when administered in the elicitation phase in mice. When administered in the latter phase, F1 and F2 efficiently blocked rolling of mouse leukocytes along blood vessels expressing P- and E-selectin in the auricular skin in vivo. Consistent with these findings, the mAbs blocked P- and E-selectin-dependent leukocyte rolling in a flow chamber assay. Taken together, these results indicate that novel anti-sLe(x) mAbs reactive with both human and mouse tissues, with the blocking ability against leukocyte trafficking mediated by all three selectins, have been established. These mAbs should be useful in determining the role of sLe(x) antigen under physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Matsumura
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Jotaro Hirakawa
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan, the Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan, and
| | - Kaori Sato
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ikeda
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Motoe Nagai
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Minoru Fukuda
- the Glycobiology Unit, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Yasuyuki Imai
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroto Kawashima
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan, the Department of Biochemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan, and
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Generation of anti-sulfated glycan antibodies using sulfotransferase-deficient mice. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1022:51-60. [PMID: 23765653 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-465-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anti-carbohydrate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are very useful in the functional analysis of complex carbohydrates in vivo. However, such mAbs are difficult to generate, largely because a wide variety of complex carbohydrates is intrinsically expressed in mice and rats and because the antigenicities of glycans are generally poor. In this chapter, I describe an efficient method for generating anti-carbohydrate mAbs using glycan--synthesizing enzyme-knockout mice in which the glycan structures formed by the missing enzymes should be highly antigenic. As an application of this method, I describe the generation of anti-sulfated glycan mAbs using sulfotransferase-deficient mice and the immunohistochemical detection of sulfated glycans involved in lymphocyte homing in both humans and mice.
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
vWF (von Willebrand factor) is a key component for maintenance of normal haemostasis, acting as the carrier protein of the coagulant Factor VIII and mediating platelet adhesion at sites of vascular injury. There is ample evidence that vWF glycan moieties are crucial determinants of its expression and function. Of particular clinical interest, ABH antigens influence vWF plasma levels according to the blood group of individuals, although the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains incompletely understood. The present paper reports analyses of the human plasma vWF N-glycan population using advanced MS. Glycomics analyses revealed approximately 100 distinct N-glycan compositions and identified a variety of structural features, including lactosaminic extensions, ABH antigens and sulfated antennae, as well as bisecting and terminal GlcNAc residues. We estimate that some 300 N-glycan structures are carried by human vWF. Glycoproteomics analyses mapped ten of the consensus sites known to carry N-glycans. Glycan populations were found to be distinct, although many structural features were shared across all sites. Notably, the H antigen is not restricted to particular N-glycosylation sites. Also, the Asn(2635) site, previously designated as unoccupied, was found to be highly glycosylated. The delineation of such varied glycan populations in conjunction with current models explaining vWF activity will facilitate research aimed at providing a better understanding of the influence of glycosylation on vWF function.
Collapse
|
8
|
Sakuma K, Chen GY, Aoki M, Kannagi R. Induction of 6-sulfated glycans with cell adhesion activity via T-bet and GATA-3 in human helper T cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012; 1820:841-8. [PMID: 22446378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell surface 6-sulfated glycans play important roles in various immunological events through cell-to-cell interactions. The 6-sulfation process is mediated by 6-sulfotransferase family isoenzymes. We previously demonstrated that GlcNAc6ST-1, one of the isoenzyme genes, is induced by GATA-3 and NF-κB in human helper T (Th) cells. However, transcriptional regulation of HEC-GlcNAc6ST, another isoenzyme important in Th cells, remains unclear. METHODS 5'-RACE analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and reporter assays were performed to reveal transcriptional regulation of HEC-GlcNAc6ST. RNA-knockdown and forced expression experiments were performed to demonstrate the contribution of HEC-GlcNAc6ST to the 6-sulfated glycan expression. RESULTS We identified potential binding sites of Sp1, T-bet, and GATA-3 in the HEC-GlcNAc6ST promoter. Reporter assays indicated that transfection of Sp1 enhanced the activity, whereas mithramycin A, an Sp1-specific inhibitor, repressed it. Transfection of T-bet increased the activity, which was inhibited by introducing a mutation into the potential T-bet binding site. GATA-3 alone could not elevate the activity, although co-transfection of protein kinase A, which is known to enhance IL-5 transcription in Th2 cells through phosphorylation of GATA-3, caused elevation. RNA-knockdown and forced expression of HEC-GlcNAc6ST in Jurkat cells down- and up-regulated α2,6-sialylated 6-sulfo N-acetyllactosamine, a preferential ligand for B-cell-specific CD22 antigen, respectively. From these results, we concluded that T-bet and GATA-3 as well as Sp1 control the expression of glycan with cell-adhesion activity by regulating HEC-GlcNAc6ST transcription in Th cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These results may provide a clue to biological regulation of Th-cell interaction with selectins and other carbohydrate-recognition molecules by T-bet and GATA-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Sakuma
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hu D, Tateno H, Kuno A, Yabe R, Hirabayashi J. Directed evolution of lectins with sugar-binding specificity for 6-sulfo-galactose. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:20313-20. [PMID: 22493425 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.351965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
6-sulfo-galactose (6S-Gal) is a prevalent motif observed in highly sulfated keratan sulfate, which is closely associated with the glioblastoma malignancy while acting as a critical determinant for endogenous lectins. However, facile detection of this unique glycoepitope is greatly hampered because of a lack of appropriate probes. We have previously reported tailoring an α2-6-linked sialic acid-binding lectin from a ricin-B chain-like galactose-binding protein, EW29Ch, by a reinforced ribosome display system following an error-prone PCR. In this study, we challenged the creation of novel lectins to recognize 6S-Gal-terminated glycans by incorporating a high-throughput screening system with a glycoconjugate microarray. After two rounds of selection procedures, 20 mutants were obtained and 12 were then successfully expressed in Escherichia coli, 8 of which showed a significant affinity for 6'-Sulfo-LN (6-O-sulfo-Galβ1-4GlcNAc), which the parental EW29Ch lacked. Analysis of two representative mutants by frontal affinity chromatography revealed a substantial affinity (K(d) ∼3 μm) for a 6S-Gal-terminated glycan. On the basis of the observation that all eight mutants have a common mutation at Glu-20 to Lys, site-directed mutagenesis experiments were performed focusing on this aspect. The results clearly indicated that the E20K mutation is necessary and sufficient to acquire the specificity for 6S-Gal. We also confirmed a difference in binding between E20K and EW29Ch to CHO cells, in which enzymes to catalyze the synthesis of 6S-Gal were overexpressed. The results clearly demonstrate that these mutants have potential to distinguish between cells containing different amounts of 6S-Gal-terminated glycans. This new technology will be used to provide novel tools essential for sulfoglycomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hu
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Muthana SM, Campbell CT, Gildersleeve JC. Modifications of glycans: biological significance and therapeutic opportunities. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:31-43. [PMID: 22195988 DOI: 10.1021/cb2004466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates play a central role in a wide range of biological processes. As with nucleic acids and proteins, modifications of specific sites within the glycan chain can modulate a carbohydrate's overall biological function. For example, acylation, methylation, sulfation, epimerization, and phosphorylation can occur at various positions within a carbohydrate to modulate bioactivity. Therefore, there is significant interest in identifying discrete carbohydrate modifications and understanding their biological effects. Additionally, enzymes that catalyze those modifications and proteins that bind modified glycans provide numerous targets for therapeutic intervention. This review will focus on modifications of glycans that occur after the oligomer/polymer has been assembled, generally referred to as post-glycosylational modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saddam M. Muthana
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Christopher T. Campbell
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hu H, Eggers K, Chen W, Garshasbi M, Motazacker MM, Wrogemann K, Kahrizi K, Tzschach A, Hosseini M, Bahman I, Hucho T, Mühlenhoff M, Gerardy-Schahn R, Najmabadi H, Ropers HH, Kuss AW. ST3GAL3 mutations impair the development of higher cognitive functions. Am J Hum Genet 2011; 89:407-14. [PMID: 21907012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic variants leading to impairment of intellectual performance are highly diverse and are still poorly understood. ST3GAL3 encodes the Golgi enzyme β-galactoside-α2,3-sialyltransferase-III that in humans predominantly forms the sialyl Lewis a epitope on proteins. ST3GAL3 resides on chromosome 1 within the MRT4 locus previously identified to associate with nonsyndromic autosomal recessive intellectual disability. We searched for the disease-causing mutations in the MRT4 family and a second independent consanguineous Iranian family by using a combination of chromosome sorting and next-generation sequencing. Two different missense changes in ST3GAL3 cosegregate with the disease but were absent in more than 1000 control chromosomes. In cellular and biochemical test systems, these mutations were shown to cause ER retention of the Golgi enzyme and drastically impair ST3Gal-III functionality. Our data provide conclusive evidence that glycotopes formed by ST3Gal-III are prerequisite for attaining and/or maintaining higher cognitive functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- Department for Human Molecular Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hirakawa J, Tsuboi K, Sato K, Kobayashi M, Watanabe S, Takakura A, Imai Y, Ito Y, Fukuda M, Kawashima H. Novel anti-carbohydrate antibodies reveal the cooperative function of sulfated N- and O-glycans in lymphocyte homing. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:40864-78. [PMID: 20929857 PMCID: PMC3003387 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.167296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface glycans play pivotal roles in immune cell trafficking and immunity. Here we present an efficient method for generating anti-carbohydrate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) using gene-targeted mice and describe critical glycans in lymphocyte homing. We immunized sulfotransferase GlcNAc6ST-1 and GlcNAc6ST-2 doubly deficient mice with sulfotransferase-overexpressing Chinese hamster ovary cells and generated two mAbs, termed S1 and S2. Both S1 and S2 bound high endothelial venules (HEVs) in the lymphoid organs of humans and wild-type mice, but not in those of doubly deficient mice. Glycan array analysis indicated that both S1 and S2 specifically bound 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis X and its defucosylated structure. Interestingly, S2 inhibited lymphocyte homing to peripheral lymph nodes by 95%, whereas S1 inhibited it by only 25%. S2 also significantly inhibited contact hypersensitivity responses and L-selectin-dependent leukocyte adhesion to HEVs. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses indicated that S1 preferentially bound sulfated O-glycans, whereas S2 bound both sulfated N- and O-glycans in HEVs. Furthermore, S2 strongly inhibited the N-glycan-dependent residual lymphocyte homing in mutant mice lacking sulfated O-glycans, indicating the importance of both sulfated N- and O-glycans in lymphocyte homing. Thus, the two mAbs generated by a novel method revealed the cooperative function of sulfated N- and O-glycans in lymphocyte homing and immune surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jotaro Hirakawa
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tsuboi
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kaori Sato
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kobayashi
- the Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Sota Watanabe
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takakura
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Imai
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yuki Ito
- the Glycobiology Unit, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, and
| | - Minoru Fukuda
- the Glycobiology Unit, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, and
| | - Hiroto Kawashima
- From the Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Global Center of Excellence Program, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang CY, Hu P, Fu D, Wu W, Jia CY, Zhu XC, Wu XZ. 3'-Sulfo-Le(x) is important for regulation of integrin subunit alphaV. Biochemistry 2010; 49:7811-20. [PMID: 20695481 DOI: 10.1021/bi101040k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate structures with a 3'-sulfo betaGal linkage, such as 3'-sulfo-Le(x), can be synthesized by Gal:3-O-sulfotransferase-2 (Gal3ST-2) catalysis, but little is known about their roles in many biological processes. To investigate the role of Gal3ST-2 and its product 3'-sulfo-Le(x), we depleted Gal3ST-2 via siRNA and added exogenous Lewis-x trisaccharide 3'-sulfate sodium salt in human SMMC7721 hepatoma cells. After siRNA transfection, a striking morphological change in SMMC7721 hepatoma cells from polygon to shuttle shape and a significant decrease in the level of adhesion to sL-selectin, HUVEC, fibronectin, vitronectin, and fibrinogen were observed. The expression of integrin subunit alphaV was markedly downregulated, and 3'-sulfated subunit alphaV almost disappeared in the transfectants. The level of cell surface integrin alphaVbeta3 was reduced simultaneously, although total subunit beta3 underwent almost no change. After treatment with exogenous Lewis-x 3'-sulfate, cellular integrin subunit alphaV was upregulated and the level of cell surface integrin alphaVbeta3 was elevated. Interestingly, knockdown of Gal3ST-2 expression effectively inhibited cell proliferation, and the result was significantly correlated with the decrease in the levels of ILK, phosphorylated AKT, and ERK. On the other hand, treatment with Lewis-x trisaccharide 3'-sulfate sodium salt greatly upregulated the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK. Our results also indicated that downregulation of Gal3ST-2 via siRNA transfection was associated with the decrease in the level of expression of anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2, with a consequent decrease in the ratios for Bcl-2 to Bax. By exposure to Lewis-x trisaccharide 3'-sulfate sodium salt, the apoptotic response of cells was inhibited. Therefore, Gal3ST-2 and its product, 3'-sulfo-Le(x), were involved in regulation of integrin subunit alphaV and might be associated with cancer cell regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|