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Li X, Han Y, Li G, Zhang Y, Wang J, Feng C. Role of Wnt signaling pathway in joint development and cartilage degeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1181619. [PMID: 37363728 PMCID: PMC10285172 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1181619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent musculoskeletal disease that affects approximately 500 million people worldwide. Unfortunately, there is currently no effective treatment available to stop or delay the degenerative progression of joint disease. Wnt signaling pathways play fundamental roles in the regulation of growth, development, and homeostasis of articular cartilage. This review aims to summarize the role of Wnt pathways in joint development during embryonic stages and in cartilage maintenance throughout adult life. Specifically, we focus on aberrant mechanical loading and inflammation as major players in OA progression. Excessive mechanical load activates Wnt pathway in chondrocytes, resulting in chondrocyte apoptosis, matrix destruction and other osteoarthritis-related changes. Additionally, we discuss emerging Wnt-related modulators and present an overview of emerging treatments of OA targeting Wnt signaling. Ultimately, this review provides valuable insights towards discovering new drugs or gene therapies targeting Wnt signaling pathway for diagnosing and treating osteoarthritis and other degenerative joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Li
- Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guimiao Li
- Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Juan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Orthopedic Clinical Research Center, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Lan R, Ge D, Liu YZ, You Z. Dcx expression defines a subpopulation of Gdf5 + cells with chondrogenic potentials in E12.5 mouse embryonic limbs. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 29:101200. [PMID: 35036586 PMCID: PMC8749014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 5 (Gdf5) and doublecortin (Dcx) genes are both expressed in joint interzone cells during synovial joint development. In this study, we re-analyzed the single cell RNA-sequencing data (Gene Expression Omnibus GSE151985) generated from Gdf5 + cells of mouse knee joints at embryonic stages of E12.5, E13.5, E14.5, and E15.5, with a new focus on Dcx. We found that Dcx expression was enriched in clusters of Gdf5 + cells, with high expression levels of pro-chondrogenic genes including sex determining region Y-box transcription factor 5 (Sox5), Sox6, Sox9, Gdf5, versican, matrilin 4, collagen type II α 1 chain (Col2a1), Col9a1, Col9a2, and Col9a3 at E12.5. Dcx + and Dcx - cells had differential gene expression profiles. The up-regulated genes in Dcx + vs. Dcx - cells at E12.5 and E13.5 were enriched in chondrocyte differentiation and cartilage development, whereas those genes up-regulated at E14.5 and E15.5 were enriched in RNA splicing, protein stability, cell proliferation, and cell growth. Gene expression profiles in Dcx + cells showed rapid daily changes from E12.5 to E15.5, with limited number of genes shared across the time period. Expression of Gdf5, Sox5, Sox6, melanoma inhibitory activity, noggin, odd-skipped related transcription factor 2, matrilin 4, and versican was positively correlated with Dcx expression. Our results demonstrate that Dcx expression defines a subpopulation of Gdf5 + cells with chondrogenic potentials in E12.5 mouse embryonic limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxin Lan
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropic Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Dongxia Ge
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Yao-Zhong Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropic Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Zongbing You
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Department of Research Service, Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA.,Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
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3
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Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells expressing doublecortin improve cartilage repair in rabbits and monkeys. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:82. [PMID: 34848747 PMCID: PMC8633050 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Localized cartilage lesions in early osteoarthritis and acute joint injuries are usually treated surgically to restore function and relieve pain. However, a persistent clinical challenge remains in how to repair the cartilage lesions. We expressed doublecortin (DCX) in human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hASCs) and engineered hASCs into cartilage tissues using an in vitro 96-well pellet culture system. The cartilage tissue constructs with and without DCX expression were implanted in the knee cartilage defects of rabbits (n = 42) and monkeys (n = 12). Cohorts of animals were euthanized at 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery to evaluate the cartilage repair outcomes. We found that DCX expression in hASCs increased expression of growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) and matrilin 2 in the engineered cartilage tissues. The cartilage tissues with DCX expression significantly enhanced cartilage repair as assessed macroscopically and histologically at 6, 12, and 24 months after implantation in the rabbits and 24 months after implantation in the monkeys, compared to the cartilage tissues without DCX expression. These findings suggest that hASCs expressing DCX may be engineered into cartilage tissues that can be used to treat localized cartilage lesions.
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Chijimatsu R, Saito T. Mechanisms of synovial joint and articular cartilage development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3939-3952. [PMID: 31201464 PMCID: PMC11105481 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is formed at the end of epiphyses in the synovial joint cavity and permanently contributes to the smooth movement of synovial joints. Most skeletal elements develop from transient cartilage by a biological process known as endochondral ossification. Accumulating evidence indicates that articular and growth plate cartilage are derived from different cell sources and that different molecules and signaling pathways regulate these two kinds of cartilage. As the first sign of joint development, the interzone emerges at the presumptive joint site within a pre-cartilage tissue. After that, joint cavitation occurs in the center of the interzone, and the cells in the interzone and its surroundings gradually form articular cartilage and the synovial joint. During joint development, the interzone cells continuously migrate out to the epiphyseal cartilage and the surrounding cells influx into the joint region. These complicated phenomena are regulated by various molecules and signaling pathways, including GDF5, Wnt, IHH, PTHrP, BMP, TGF-β, and FGF. Here, we summarize current literature and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying joint formation and articular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Chijimatsu
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Taku Saito
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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Tu J, Hong W, Guo Y, Zhang P, Fang Y, Wang X, Chen X, Lu S, Wei W. Ontogeny of Synovial Macrophages and the Roles of Synovial Macrophages From Different Origins in Arthritis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1146. [PMID: 31231364 PMCID: PMC6558408 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ontogeny of macrophages in most organ/tissues in human body has been proven. Due to the limited number and inaccessibility of synovial macrophages (SM), the origin of SM has not been fully illuminated. The objective of this study was designed to investigate the ontogeny of SM and to evaluate the role of SM from different origins in arthritis. Two origins of SM, embryonic SM (ESM) and bone marrow SM (BMSM) were identified in Cx3cr1-EGFP mice, CCR2−/− mice and bone marrow (BM) chimera model by using a stringent sorting strategy. The cellular features, including dynamic total cell number, in situ proliferation, phagocytosis and expressions of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes, of ESM and BMSM were compared. In addition, ESM and BMSM showed different expression patterns in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients' synovium and during the developmental process of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the SM at least has two origins, ESM and BMSM. The different cellular property and dynamic expression patterns in RA patients/CIA mice highlight the notion that ESM and BMSM might play different role in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Tu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenming Hong
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yawei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Pengying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yilong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shanshan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Bhattacharya S, Gargiulo D, Iovine MK. Simplet-dependent regulation of β-catenin signaling influences skeletal patterning downstream of Cx43. Development 2018; 145:dev.166975. [PMID: 30377172 DOI: 10.1242/dev.166975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The correct positioning of joints in the vertebrate skeleton is not well understood. Mutations in connexin43 (cx43) cause the short segment phenotype of the zebrafish short fin (sofb123 ) mutant. We have shown that Cx43 suppresses evx1 expression, a transcription factor required for joint formation. Here, we provide novel insights into how Cx43 influences evx1 transcription. First, we find that Simplet (Smp) knockdown recapitulates the sofb123 phenotypes of reduced regenerate length and reduced segment length, and we find evidence for synergy between cx43 and smp Moreover, knockdown of Smp increases the evx1 expression, similar to cx43 knockdown. Previous studies have shown that Smp is required for the nuclear localization of β-catenin. Indeed, β-catenin activity is required for segment length, and is reduced in both sofb123 mutants and following Smp knockdown in regenerating fins. We further show that blocking canonical Wnt signaling results in a synergistic reduction in segment length in sofb123 /+ heterozygotes. Together, our findings suggest that both Smp and β-catenin function in a common molecular pathway with cx43 to influence both evx1 expression and joint location.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Domenic Gargiulo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - M Kathryn Iovine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
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Li Y, Xiao W, Sun M, Deng Z, Zeng C, Li H, Yang T, Li L, Luo W, Lei G. The Expression of Osteopontin and Wnt5a in Articular Cartilage of Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis and Its Correlation with Disease Severity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9561058. [PMID: 27556044 PMCID: PMC4983346 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9561058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. This study is undertaken to investigate the relation between osteopontin (OPN) and Wnt5a expression in the progression and pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Methods. 50 cartilage tissues from knee OA patients and normal controls were divided into four groups of severe, moderate, minor, and normal lesions based on the modified grading system of Mankin. Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were utilized to analyze the OPN and Wnt5a expression in articular cartilage. Besides, the relations between OPN and Wnt5a expression and the severity of OA were explored. Results. OPN and Wnt5a could be identified in four groups' tissues. Amongst the groups, the intercomparisons of OPN expression levels showed statistical differences (P < 0.01). Besides, the intercomparisons of Wnt5a expression degrees showed statistical differences (P < 0.05), except that between the minor and normal groups (P > 0.05). The scores of Mankin were demonstrated to relate to OPN expression (r = -0.847, P < 0.01) and Wnt5a expression in every group (r = -0.843, P < 0.01). Also, a positive correlation can be observed between the OPN and Wnt5a expression (r = 0.769, P < 0.01). Conclusion. In articular cartilage, the expressions of OPN and Wnt5a are positively related to progressive damage of knee OA joint. The correlation between Wnt5a and OPN might be important to the progression and pathogenesis of knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Wenfeng Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Minghua Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Tuo Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Liangjun Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Guanghua Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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van den Bosch MH, Blom AB, Sloetjes AW, Koenders MI, van de Loo FA, van den Berg WB, van Lent PL, van der Kraan PM. Induction of Canonical Wnt Signaling by Synovial Overexpression of Selected Wnts Leads to Protease Activity and Early Osteoarthritis-Like Cartilage Damage. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1970-80. [PMID: 25976248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Proteins from the Wnt signaling pathway are very important for joint development. Curiously, osteoarthritis (OA) is thought to be a recapitulation of developmental processes. Various members of the Wnt signaling pathway are overexpressed in the synovium during experimental OA. Here, we investigated the potency of specific Wnt proteins, when expressed in the synovium, to induce OA pathology. We overexpressed Wnt5a, Wnt8a, Wnt16, and WISP1 in the synovium using adenoviral vectors. We determined whether overexpression resulted in OA pathology by histology, and we measured whether Wnt signaling led to increased protease activity in the joint. Synovial overexpression of Wnt8a and Wnt16 led to canonical Wnt signaling in the cartilage, whereas overexpression of Wnt5a did not. Canonical Wnt signaling increased protease activity and induced cartilage damage shortly after overexpression. Specific blocking of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway with Dickkopf-1 reduced the Wnt-signaling-induced cartilage damage. By contrast, the noncanonical signaling Wnt5a did not cause cartilage lesions. Overexpression of WISP1, a downstream protein of canonical Wnt signaling, resulted in increased cartilage damage. In conclusion, our data show that canonical Wnts and WISP1, which we found overexpressed in the synovium during experimental OA, may conduce to OA pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arjen B Blom
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Annet W Sloetjes
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marije I Koenders
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Fons A van de Loo
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim B van den Berg
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter L van Lent
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter M van der Kraan
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Doublecortin may play a role in defining chondrocyte phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:6941-60. [PMID: 24758934 PMCID: PMC4013671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15046941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic development of articular cartilage has not been well understood and the role of doublecortin (DCX) in determination of chondrocyte phenotype is unknown. Here, we use a DCX promoter-driven eGFP reporter mouse model to study the dynamic gene expression profiles in mouse embryonic handplates at E12.5 to E13.5 when the condensed mesenchymal cells differentiate into either endochondral chondrocytes or joint interzone cells. Illumina microarray analysis identified a variety of genes that were expressed differentially in the different regions of mouse handplate. The unique expression patterns of many genes were revealed. Cytl1 and 3110032G18RIK were highly expressed in the proximal region of E12.5 handplate and the carpal region of E13.5 handplate, whereas Olfr538, Kctd15, and Cited1 were highly expressed in the distal region of E12.5 and the metacarpal region of E13.5 handplates. There was an increasing gradient of Hrc expression in the proximal to distal direction in E13.5 handplate. Furthermore, when human DCX protein was expressed in human adipose stem cells, collagen II was decreased while aggrecan, matrilin 2, and GDF5 were increased during the 14-day pellet culture. These findings suggest that DCX may play a role in defining chondrocyte phenotype.
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Matzelle MM, Gallant MA, Condon KW, Walsh NC, Manning CA, Stein GS, Lian JB, Burr DB, Gravallese EM. Resolution of inflammation induces osteoblast function and regulates the Wnt signaling pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:1540-50. [PMID: 22139865 DOI: 10.1002/art.33504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation in the bone microenvironment stimulates osteoclast differentiation, resulting in uncoupling of resorption and formation. Mechanisms contributing to the inhibition of osteoblast function in inflammatory diseases, however, have not been elucidated. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prototype of an inflammatory arthritis that results in focal loss of articular bone. The paucity of bone repair in inflammatory diseases such as RA raises compelling questions regarding the impact of inflammation on bone formation. The aim of this study was to establish the mechanisms by which inflammation regulates osteoblast activity. METHODS We characterized an innovative variant of a murine model of arthritis in which inflammation is induced in C57BL/6J mice by transfer of arthritogenic K/BxN serum and allowed to resolve. RESULTS In the setting of resolving inflammation, bone resorption ceased and appositional osteoblast-mediated bone formation was induced, resulting in repair of eroded bone. Resolution of inflammation was accompanied by striking changes in the expression of regulators of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which is critical for osteoblast differentiation and function. Down-regulation of the Wnt antagonists secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP1) and sFRP2 during the resolution phase paralleled induction of the anabolic and pro-matrix mineralization factors Wnt10b and DKK2, demonstrating the role of inflammation in regulating Wnt signaling. CONCLUSION Repair of articular bone erosion occurs in the setting of resolving inflammation, accompanied by alterations in the Wnt signaling pathway. These data imply that in inflammatory diseases that result in persistent articular bone loss, strict control of inflammation may not be achieved and may be essential for the generation of an anabolic microenvironment that supports bone formation and repair.
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Michikami I, Fukushi T, Honma S, Yoshioka S, Itoh S, Muragaki Y, Kurisu K, Ooshima T, Wakisaka S, Abe M. Trps1 is necessary for normal temporomandibular joint development. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 348:131-40. [PMID: 22427063 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1372-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mutation of the human TRPS1 gene leads to trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRPS), which is characterized by an abnormal development of various organs including the craniofacial skeleton. Trps1 has recently been shown to be expressed in the jaw joints of zebrafish; however, whether Trps1 is expressed in the mammalian temporomandibular joint (TMJ), or whether it is necessary for TMJ development is unknown. We have analyzed (1) the expression pattern of Trps1 during TMJ development in mice and (2) TMJ development in Trps1 knockout animals. Trps1 is expressed in the maxillo-mandibular junction at embryonic day (E) 11.5. At E15.5, expression is restricted to the developing condylar cartilage and to the surrounding joint disc progenitor cells. In Trps1 knockout mice, the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone forms relatively normally but the condylar process is extremely small and the joint disc and cavities do not develop. The initiation of condyle formation is slightly delayed in the mutants at E14.5; however, at E18.5, the flattened chondrocyte layer is narrowed and most of the condylar chondrocytes exhibit precocious chondrocyte maturation. Expression of Runx2 and its target genes is expanded toward the condylar apex in the mutants. These observations underscore the indispensable role played by Trps1 in normal TMJ development in supporting the differentiation of disc and synoviocyte progenitor cells and in coordinating condylar chondrocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikumi Michikami
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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